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Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of the North Central Gulf of Mexico and a Comparison of Meristic Characters of Four Species

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Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of the North Central Gulf of Mexico and a Comparison of Meristic Characters of Four Species Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 7 Issue 3 January 1983 A Key to the Porcellanid Crab Zoeae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of the North Central Gulf of Mexico and a Comparison of Meristic Characters of Four Species Robert C. Maris Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Maris, R. C. 1983. A Key to the Porcellanid Crab Zoeae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of the North Central Gulf of Mexico and a Comparison of Meristic Characters of Four Species. Gulf Research Reports 7 (3): 237-246. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol7/iss3/5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0703.05 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gulf Research Reports, Vol. I,No. 3, 231-246, 1983 A KEY TO THE PORCELLANID CRAB ZOEAE (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: ANOMURA) OF THE NORTH CENTRAL GULF OF MEXICO AND A COMPARISON OF MERISTIC CHARACTERS OF FOUR SPECIES’ ROBERT C.MARIS Department of Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508 ABSTRACT A taxonomic key is provided for the two zoeal stages of five genera and six species of the Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Anoniura) from the north central Gulf of Mexico. Measurements, carapace structures, and appendages are com- pared among zoeal specimens of Euceramus praelongus Stimpson, 1860; Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850); Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, 1956; and Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne-Edwards, 1880. Positive correlations are noted between rostral spine length and carapace length in E. praelongus (zoeae I) and P. sigsbeiana (zoeae I) and in posterior spine lengths and carapace length in E. praelongus (zoeae I) and P. gibbesi (zoeae I). INTRODUCTION and station locations were previously reported (Maris 1980, Porcellanid crab meae are conspicuous members of the Maris and Fish, in preparation). Both zoeal stages of Porcel- plankton owing to their long rostral and posterior carapace luna sigsbeiana A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, were removed spines. Kelly and Dragovich (1 967) reported that porcellanid from continental shelf collections (Franks et al. 1972). larvae formed the second most abundant group of zooplank- Individual zoeae were identified to stage of development ton in Tampa Bay, Florida and accounted for 27.4 percent using telson structures, pleopod development and rostral of the total number of zooplankters. Porcellanid zoeae and spine setation employing a binocular stereomicroscope. Ap- adults are major components of the diets of commercially pendages were mounted in Turtox CMCP 9AF and CMCP important fish (Jillet 1968, Chesney and Iglesias 1979) and 10, and drawings were made using a drawing attachment. crabs (Gore et al. 1978, Gurriaran 1978). Lopez-Jamar Measurements were made using a calibrated ocular micro- Martinez (1 977) noted the importance of porcellanid zoeae meter. Carapace length was measured from the anterior as predators on fish larvae. margin of the eye to the insertion of the posterior carapace The biology of porcellanid crabs is not well known, and spines. Rostral and posterior carapace spine length was information concerning porcellanids from the Gulf of Mex- measured from the distal tip to carapace attachment. ico is especially lacking. The objectives of the present study Although carapace spine lengths are not taxonomically were to devise a key to porcellanid zoeae of the north central significant because of inherent variability in length, depen- Gulf of Mexico, and compare meristic features of collected dence on curvature and likelihood of breakage (Gore 1970), zoeae with those of previous findings. rostral and posterior carapace spine lengths were calculated as ratios to carapace length. Carapace length, being more MATERIALS AND METHODS constant and less prone to damage, was expressed as a direct Zoeae of Euceramus praelongus Stimpson, 1860 ;Poly- measurement. onyx gibbesi Haig, 1956; and Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, Each zoeal stage was treated individually, and easily ob- 1850) were removed from plankton samples collected from served, taxonomically significant structures were noted four stations bordering Mississippi Sound, Mississippi, by (rostral and posterior spines, carapace, telson, antenna and personnel of the Fisheries Section of the Gulf Coast Re- maxilliped 2). The term “seta” was used according to the search Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. collections definition of Gonor and Gonor (1973b). Notations for were obtained over a three-year period (October 1973 to maxilliped setation formulas were presented as in Gore September 1976) as part of a fisheries assessment and mon- (1 968). itoring project, under the Commercial Fisheries Research Lebour’s (1943) key with its modifications and a com- and Development Act for the National Marine Fisheries parison among described zoeae mainly from laboratory Service. Specific information concerning sample collection rearings (Table 1) were initially used for species and stage separation. The key constructed includes certain species not collected in the current study but present in the northern ‘This paper resulted from part of a thesis submitted to the Graduate Gulf of Mexico. The information for Megdobrachium soria- School, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi Cum (Say, 1818) came from Gore (1973b) and that for Por- 39401. cellana sayana (Leach, 1820) from Brooks and Wilson Manuscript received June 30,1983;accepted August 11, 1983. (1881) and Gore (1971c, 1972a). 237 238 MARIS TABLE 1. Comparison of larval characteristics in the Porcellanidae mainly from laboratory rearings.' Porcellana Group Petrolisthes Group Porcellana Pisidia PoIyonyx Euceramus Petrolisthes Pachycheles Megalobrachiurn Neopisosoma Ratio of Mean Rostral Spine Length (mm): Mean Carapace Length (mm) Zoeae I 8 .O 4.2-4.4 4.0-7.0 3.9-4.0 1.8-8.5 2.6-6.0 2.5-2.9 7.0 Zoeae I I 6.3 3.5-4.2 3.5-6.0 3.2 4.0 1.5-10.0 2.9-5.0 1.7-3.5 7.0 Rostral Spine Armature covered covered covered only 2 covered covered sparsely covered covered ventral rows ventrally Ratio of Mean Posterior Spine Lengths (mm): Mean Carapace Length (mm) Zoeae 1 3 .O 1.1-1.3 0.7-2.4 1.6-2.0 0.6-3.8 1.3-3.0 0.5-2.0 2.0 Zoeae 11 4.5 1.0-1.1 0.4-1.6 1.1-1.3 0.4-3.9 1.2-2.0 0.6-2.0 1.5- 2.0 Antenna' Zoeae I exo>endo exo > exo > exo>endo exo>endo4 exo>endo exo>endo exo>endo endo endo exo<ant exo<ant exo=2 x exo<ant exo with 0-3 exo with 3-4 exo with fine exo with 3 ant fine inner lateral spines setae distal spines margin setae, 0-1 spines Zoeae I1 exo=W x exo = endo>ant exo=% x exo<endo exo<endo exo<endo exo<endo ant Wxant ant exo<endo exo< exoj exo<endo endo endo Somites with pleopods 2-5 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 'Porcellana, Gore (1971c, 1972a); Pisidia, Shepherd (1969); Poly- noy and Sankolli (1973a); Megalobrachiurn, Gore (1971a, 1972a, onyx, Knight (1966), Gore (1968), Shepherd (1969), Shenoy and 1973b);Neopisosoma, Gore (1977). Sankolli (1973b); Euceramus, Roberts (1968);Petrolisthes, Green- 'ex0 - exopodite; endo - endopodite; ant - antennule. wood (1965), Gore (1970, 1971b, 1972a, b, c, 1975), Yaqoob 3P01y0nyx gibbesi Haig, 1956 zoeae I1 213 endo=exo. (1974, 1977, 1979), Shenoy and Sankolli (1975), Huni (1979); 4Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc, 1802) zoeae I exo=endo. Pachycheles, Knight (1966), MacMillan (1972), Gore (1973a) She- The measurement data were normally distributed, so parametric statistical tests were used for data analysis. A Pearson correlation (Zar 1974) was used to determine whether a linear relationship existed between rostral spine A length and carapace length; or posterior spine lengths and carapace length, for any zoea1 stage. A one-tailed t-test (Zar 1974) was employed to decide whether present measure- ments differed significantly from previous measurements. Identified collections of all species and stages were de- posited in the Museum of the Gulf Coast Research Labora- tory (GCRL 1098-1 105) and Invertebrate Zoology Collec- tion, Department of Biology, University of Southern Figure 1. Representative whole specimens of porcellanid zoeae, using Eucemmus pmelongus as the example. A, zoeae I; B, zoeae 11. Scale Mississippi. lines equal 0.5 mm. - RESULTS from about two to eight times the carapace length. The two posterior spines are about one-half to four times the cara- General External Features of Porcellanid Larvae pace length. The carapace is smooth and, in the genera con- Porcellanid crab zoeae are characterized by very long, sidered herein, has no serrated edges. A triangular telson is tapering rostral and posterior carapace spines (Figure 1). present with several processes on the spatulate posterior The single rostral spine is usually not flattened, and can be margin. The outer pair of processes are short, smooth spines; KEY TO PORCELLANID CRAB ZOEAE 239 the second are reduced to fine setae as is typical in the uropods. Three to four pairs of pleopods are present in later Anomura; and the remainder are long, setose spines. stages, and the telson somite is without pleopods. All de- The antennal scale is reduced to an elongate spine. First scribed species have two zoeal stages except for Petrocheles and second pairs of maxillipeds are functional, but the third spinosus Miers, 1876, of New Zealand. Wear (1965) found is not. Pereiopods, if present, are small and nonfunctional, that this species has five zoeal stages and exhibited several although enlarging in later zoeal development. Five or six other galatheid features. Petrocheles spinosus thus appears abdominal somites are present, but there are usually no to exhibit a link between the Porcellanidae and Galatheidae.
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