Dlint: Dynamically Checking Bad Coding Practices in Javascript
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Differential Fuzzing the Webassembly
Master’s Programme in Security and Cloud Computing Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly Master’s Thesis Gilang Mentari Hamidy MASTER’S THESIS Aalto University - EURECOM MASTER’STHESIS 2020 Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly Fuzzing Différentiel le WebAssembly Gilang Mentari Hamidy This thesis is a public document and does not contain any confidential information. Cette thèse est un document public et ne contient aucun information confidentielle. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Antibes, 27 July 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Davide Balzarotti, EURECOM Co-Supervisor: Prof. Jan-Erik Ekberg, Aalto University Copyright © 2020 Gilang Mentari Hamidy Aalto University - School of Science EURECOM Master’s Programme in Security and Cloud Computing Abstract Author Gilang Mentari Hamidy Title Differential Fuzzing the WebAssembly School School of Science Degree programme Master of Science Major Security and Cloud Computing (SECCLO) Code SCI3084 Supervisor Prof. Davide Balzarotti, EURECOM Prof. Jan-Erik Ekberg, Aalto University Level Master’s thesis Date 27 July 2020 Pages 133 Language English Abstract WebAssembly, colloquially known as Wasm, is a specification for an intermediate representation that is suitable for the web environment, particularly in the client-side. It provides a machine abstraction and hardware-agnostic instruction sets, where a high-level programming language can target the compilation to the Wasm instead of specific hardware architecture. The JavaScript engine implements the Wasm specification and recompiles the Wasm instruction to the target machine instruction where the program is executed. Technically, Wasm is similar to a popular virtual machine bytecode, such as Java Virtual Machine (JVM) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). -
Interaction Between Web Browsers and Script Engines
IT 12 058 Examensarbete 45 hp November 2012 Interaction between web browsers and script engines Xiaoyu Zhuang Institutionen för informationsteknologi Department of Information Technology Abstract Interaction between web browser and the script engine Xiaoyu Zhuang Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten Web browser plays an important part of internet experience and JavaScript is the most popular programming language as a client side script to build an active and Besöksadress: advance end user experience. The script engine which executes JavaScript needs to Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 interact with web browser to get access to its DOM elements and other host objects. Hus 4, Plan 0 Browser from host side needs to initialize the script engine and dispatch script source code to the engine side. Postadress: This thesis studies the interaction between the script engine and its host browser. Box 536 751 21 Uppsala The shell where the engine address to make calls towards outside is called hosting layer. This report mainly discussed what operations could appear in this layer and Telefon: designed testing cases to validate if the browser is robust and reliable regarding 018 – 471 30 03 hosting operations. Telefax: 018 – 471 30 00 Hemsida: http://www.teknat.uu.se/student Handledare: Elena Boris Ämnesgranskare: Justin Pearson Examinator: Lisa Kaati IT 12 058 Tryckt av: Reprocentralen ITC Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ -
Machine Learning in the Browser
Machine Learning in the Browser The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:38811507 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Machine Learning in the Browser a thesis presented by Tomas Reimers to The Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the subject of Computer Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts March 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background . .3 1.2 Motivation . .4 1.2.1 Privacy . .4 1.2.2 Unavailable Server . .4 1.2.3 Simple, Self-Contained Demos . .5 1.3 Challenges . .5 1.3.1 Performance . .5 1.3.2 Poor Generality . .7 1.3.3 Manual Implementation in JavaScript . .7 2 The TensorFlow Architecture 7 2.1 TensorFlow's API . .7 2.2 TensorFlow's Implementation . .9 2.3 Portability . .9 3 Compiling TensorFlow into JavaScript 10 3.1 Motivation to Compile . 10 3.2 Background on Emscripten . 10 3.2.1 Build Process . 12 3.2.2 Dependencies . 12 3.2.3 Bitness Assumptions . 13 3.2.4 Concurrency Model . 13 3.3 Experiences . 14 4 Results 15 4.1 Benchmarks . 15 4.2 Library Size . 16 4.3 WebAssembly . 17 5 Developer Experience 17 5.1 Universal Graph Runner . -
Javascript API Deprecation in the Wild: a First Assessment
JavaScript API Deprecation in the Wild: A First Assessment Romulo Nascimento, Aline Brito, Andre Hora, Eduardo Figueiredo Department of Computer Science Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil romulonascimento, alinebrito, andrehora,figueiredo @dcc.ufmg.br { } Abstract—Building an application using third-party libraries of our knowledge, there are no detailed studies regarding API is a common practice in software development. As any other deprecation in the JavaScript ecosystem. software system, code libraries and their APIs evolve over JavaScript has become extremely popular over the last years. time. In order to help version migration and ensure backward According to the Stack Overflow 2019 Developer Survey1, compatibility, a recommended practice during development is to deprecate API. Although studies have been conducted to JavaScript is the most popular programming language in this investigate deprecation in some programming languages, such as platform for the seventh consecutive year. GitHub also reports Java and C#, there are no detailed studies on API deprecation that JavaScript is the most popular language in terms of unique in the JavaScript ecosystem. This paper provides an initial contributors to both public and private repositories2. The npm assessment of API deprecation in JavaScript by analyzing 50 platform, the largest JavaScript package manager, states on popular software projects. Initial results suggest that the use of 3 deprecation mechanisms in JavaScript packages is low. However, their latest survey that 99% of JavaScript developers rely on wefindfive different ways that developers use to deprecate API npm to ease the management of their project dependencies. in the studied projects. Among these solutions, deprecation utility This survey also points out the massive growth in npm usage (i.e., any sort of function specially written to aid deprecation) and that started about 5 years ago. -
Types of Software Testing
Types of Software Testing We would be glad to have feedback from you. Drop us a line, whether it is a comment, a question, a work proposition or just a hello. You can use either the form below or the contact details on the rightt. Contact details [email protected] +91 811 386 5000 1 Software testing is the way of assessing a software product to distinguish contrasts between given information and expected result. Additionally, to evaluate the characteristic of a product. The testing process evaluates the quality of the software. You know what testing does. No need to explain further. But, are you aware of types of testing. It’s indeed a sea. But before we get to the types, let’s have a look at the standards that needs to be maintained. Standards of Testing The entire test should meet the user prerequisites. Exhaustive testing isn’t conceivable. As we require the ideal quantity of testing in view of the risk evaluation of the application. The entire test to be directed ought to be arranged before executing it. It follows 80/20 rule which expresses that 80% of defects originates from 20% of program parts. Start testing with little parts and extend it to broad components. Software testers know about the different sorts of Software Testing. In this article, we have incorporated majorly all types of software testing which testers, developers, and QA reams more often use in their everyday testing life. Let’s understand them!!! Black box Testing The black box testing is a category of strategy that disregards the interior component of the framework and spotlights on the output created against any input and performance of the system. -
Learning Javascript Design Patterns
Learning JavaScript Design Patterns Addy Osmani Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Tokyo Learning JavaScript Design Patterns by Addy Osmani Copyright © 2012 Addy Osmani. All rights reserved. Revision History for the : 2012-05-01 Early release revision 1 See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449331818 for release details. ISBN: 978-1-449-33181-8 1335906805 Table of Contents Preface ..................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ........................................................... 1 2. What is a Pattern? ...................................................... 3 We already use patterns everyday 4 3. 'Pattern'-ity Testing, Proto-Patterns & The Rule Of Three ...................... 7 4. The Structure Of A Design Pattern ......................................... 9 5. Writing Design Patterns ................................................. 11 6. Anti-Patterns ......................................................... 13 7. Categories Of Design Pattern ............................................ 15 Creational Design Patterns 15 Structural Design Patterns 16 Behavioral Design Patterns 16 8. Design Pattern Categorization ........................................... 17 A brief note on classes 17 9. JavaScript Design Patterns .............................................. 21 The Creational Pattern 22 The Constructor Pattern 23 Basic Constructors 23 Constructors With Prototypes 24 The Singleton Pattern 24 The Module Pattern 27 iii Modules 27 Object Literals 27 The Module Pattern -
Website Testing • Black-Box Testing
18 0672327988 CH14 6/30/05 1:23 PM Page 211 14 IN THIS CHAPTER • Web Page Fundamentals Website Testing • Black-Box Testing • Gray-Box Testing The testing techniques that you’ve learned in previous • White-Box Testing chapters have been fairly generic. They’ve been presented • Configuration and by using small programs such as Windows WordPad, Compatibility Testing Calculator, and Paint to demonstrate testing fundamentals and how to apply them. This final chapter of Part III, • Usability Testing “Applying Your Testing Skills,” is geared toward testing a • Introducing Automation specific type of software—Internet web pages. It’s a fairly timely topic, something that you’re likely familiar with, and a good real-world example to apply the techniques that you’ve learned so far. What you’ll find in this chapter is that website testing encompasses many areas, including configuration testing, compatibility testing, usability testing, documentation testing, security, and, if the site is intended for a worldwide audience, localization testing. Of course, black-box, white- box, static, and dynamic testing are always a given. This chapter isn’t meant to be a complete how-to guide for testing Internet websites, but it will give you a straightfor- ward practical example of testing something real and give you a good head start if your first job happens to be looking for bugs in someone’s website. Highlights of this chapter include • What fundamental parts of a web page need testing • What basic white-box and black-box techniques apply to web page testing • How configuration and compatibility testing apply • Why usability testing is the primary concern of web pages • How to use tools to help test your website 18 0672327988 CH14 6/30/05 1:23 PM Page 212 212 CHAPTER 14 Website Testing Web Page Fundamentals In the simplest terms, Internet web pages are just documents of text, pictures, sounds, video, and hyperlinks—much like the CD-ROM multimedia titles that were popular in the mid 1990s. -
Ecmascript (Or ES)
Lesson: Web Programming(1) Omid Jafarinezhad Sharif University of Technology Objective Covers languages, tools, and techniques for developing interactive and dynamic web pages. Topics include page styling, design, and layout; client and server side scripting; web security; and interacting with data sources such as databases Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web apps (such as electronic businesses, and social network services) ● HTTP, JavaScript, CSS, HTML5, ReactJs, Flow, Progressive Web App ● Golang, NodeJs, MongoDB, PostgreSQL, Redis ● Docker, Git, YUIDoc, Jest, Materials WebPack, Gulp, Browserify, Locust ● (Optional/Research) Kubernetes, InfluxDB, RabbitMQ, gRPC, Ansible Grading Big Picture Internal or external Content Delivery Email/SMS/... services; may be Network (CDN) Service developed in different language Win HTTP, gRPC HTTP Linux WebSocket front-end back-end Data storage Mac JavaScript, Html, NodeJs, mongoDB, CSS, Ajax, GoLang, cache postgreSQL, WebRTC, ReactJs, C#, Java, InfluxDB, ... Mobile AngularJs,... Dart, ... Redis, AMQP, ... Memcached, ... logs queue Logstash, RabitMQ, Fluentd, ... ZeroMQ, ... back-end 1 Load front-end back-end 2 balancing kubernetes cluster, HAProxy, Docker Swarm, ... back-end 3 Git repository Test, Continuous deployment, Code coverage, Merge, Review Build automation, Deployment automation Development Staging Production Bug User feedback, Crash report,... Continuous ... Continuous Integration basically just means that the developer's -
Configuration Fuzzing Testing Framework for Software Vulnerability Detection
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons CONFU: Configuration Fuzzing Testing Framework for Software Vulnerability Detection Huning Dai, Christian Murphy, Gail Kaiser Department of Computer Science Columbia University New York, NY 10027 USA ABSTRACT Many software security vulnerabilities only reveal themselves under certain conditions, i.e., particular configurations and inputs together with a certain runtime environment. One approach to detecting these vulnerabilities is fuzz testing. However, typical fuzz testing makes no guarantees regarding the syntactic and semantic validity of the input, or of how much of the input space will be explored. To address these problems, we present a new testing methodology called Configuration Fuzzing. Configuration Fuzzing is a technique whereby the configuration of the running application is mutated at certain execution points, in order to check for vulnerabilities that only arise in certain conditions. As the application runs in the deployment environment, this testing technique continuously fuzzes the configuration and checks "security invariants'' that, if violated, indicate a vulnerability. We discuss the approach and introduce a prototype framework called ConFu (CONfiguration FUzzing testing framework) for implementation. We also present the results of case studies that demonstrate the approach's feasibility and evaluate its performance. Keywords: Vulnerability; Configuration Fuzzing; Fuzz testing; In Vivo testing; Security invariants INTRODUCTION As the Internet has grown in popularity, security testing is undoubtedly becoming a crucial part of the development process for commercial software, especially for server applications. However, it is impossible in terms of time and cost to test all configurations or to simulate all system environments before releasing the software into the field, not to mention the fact that software distributors may later add more configuration options. -
Software Testing Training Module
MAST MARKET ALIGNED SKILLS TRAINING SOFTWARE TESTING TRAINING MODULE In partnership with Supported by: INDIA: 1003-1005,DLF City Court, MG Road, Gurgaon 122002 Tel (91) 124 4551850 Fax (91) 124 4551888 NEW YORK: 216 E.45th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10017 www.aif.org SOFTWARE TESTING TRAINING MODULE About the American India Foundation The American India Foundation is committed to catalyzing social and economic change in India, andbuilding a lasting bridge between the United States and India through high impact interventions ineducation, livelihoods, public health, and leadership development. Working closely with localcommunities, AIF partners with NGOs to develop and test innovative solutions and withgovernments to create and scale sustainable impact. Founded in 2001 at the initiative of PresidentBill Clinton following a suggestion from Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee, AIF has impacted the lives of 4.6million of India’s poor. Learn more at www.AIF.org About the Market Aligned Skills Training (MAST) program Market Aligned Skills Training (MAST) provides unemployed young people with a comprehensive skillstraining that equips them with the knowledge and skills needed to secure employment and succeed on thejob. MAST not only meets the growing demands of the diversifying local industries across the country, itharnesses India's youth population to become powerful engines of the economy. AIF Team: Hanumant Rawat, Aamir Aijaz & Rowena Kay Mascarenhas American India Foundation 10th Floor, DLF City Court, MG Road, Near Sikanderpur Metro Station, Gurgaon 122002 216 E. 45th Street, 7th Floor New York, NY 10017 530 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 9430 This document is created for the use of underprivileged youth under American India Foundation’s Market Aligned Skills Training (MAST) Program. -
Comparing Javascript Engines
Comparing Javascript Engines Xiang Pan, Shaker Islam, Connor Schnaith Background: Drive-by Downloads 1. Visiting a malicious website 2. Executing malicious javascript 3. Spraying the heap 4. Exploiting a certain vulnerability 5. Downloading malware 6. Executing malware Background: Drive-by Downloads 1. Visiting a malicious website 2. Executing malicious javascript 3. Spraying the heap 4. Exploiting a certain vulnerability 5. Downloading malware 6. Executing malware Background: Drive-by Downloads Background: Drive-by Downloads Setup: Making the prototype null while in the prototype creates a pointer to something random in the heap. Background: Drive-by Downloads Environment: gc( ) is a function call specific to Firefox, so the attacker would want to spray the heap with an exploit specific to firefox. Background: Drive-by Downloads Obfuscation: If the browser executing the javascript it firefox,the code will proceed to the return statement. Any other browser will exit with an error due to an unrecognized call to gc( ). Background: Drive-by Downloads Download: The return will be to a random location in the heap and due to heap-spraying it will cause shell code to be executed. Background: Goal of Our Project ● The goal is to decode obfuscated scripts by triggering javascript events ● The problem is when triggering events, some errors, resulting from disparity of different engines or some other reasons, may occur and terminate the progress ● We need to find ways to eliminate the errors and Ex 1therefore generate more de-obfuscated scripts <script> function f(){ //some codes gc(); var x=unescape(‘%u4149%u1982%u90 […]’)); eval(x); } </script> Ex 2 <script type="text/javascript" src="/includes/jquery/jquery.js"></script> Project Overview - Part One ● Modify WebKit engine so that it can generate error informations. -
Time-Travel Debugging for Javascript/Node.Js
Time-Travel Debugging for JavaScript/Node.js Earl T. Barr Mark Marron Ed Maurer University College London, UK Microsoft Research, USA Microsoft, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dan Moseley Gaurav Seth Microsoft, USA Microsoft, USA [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Time-traveling in the execution history of a program during de- bugging enables a developer to precisely track and understand the sequence of statements and program values leading to an error. To provide this functionality to real world developers, we embarked on a two year journey to create a production quality time-traveling de- bugger in Microsoft’s open-source ChakraCore JavaScript engine and the popular Node.js application framework. CCS Concepts •Software and its engineering ! Software testing and debug- Figure 1: Visual Studio Code with extra time-travel functional- ging; ity (Step-Back button in top action bar) at a breakpoint. Keywords • Options for both using time-travel during local debugging Time-Travel Debugging, JavaScript, Node.js and for recording a trace in production for postmortem de- bugging or other analysis (Section 2.1). 1. INTRODUCTION • Reverse-Step Local and Dynamic operations (Section 2.2) Modern integrated development environments (IDEs) provide a that allow the developer to step-back in time to the previously range of tools for setting breakpoints, examining program state, and executed statement in the current function or to step-back in manually logging execution. These features enable developers to time to the previously executed statement in any frame in- quickly track down localized bugs, provided all of the relevant val- cluding exception throws or callee returns.