How College Contributes to Workforce Success
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How College Contributes to Workforce Success EMPLOYER VIEWS ON WHAT MATTERS MOST ASHLEY FINLEY 1 AAC&U | How College Contributes to Workforce Success: Employer Views on What Matters Most How College Contributes to Workforce Success EMPLOYER VIEWS ON WHAT MATTERS MOST With a foreword by Lynn Pasquerella Ashley Finley AAC&U Vice President for Research and Senior Advisor to the President 1818 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 ©2021 by Association of American Colleges and Universities All rights reserved. Foreword | iii Acknowledgments | iv Introduction | 1 PART ONE Employer Views on Higher Education and Workforce Preparedness | 3 PART TWO How Employer Views Vary by Age and Educational Attainment | 17 Conclusion and Recommendations | 32 Notes | 33 3 AAC&U | How College Contributes to Workforce Success: Employer Views on What Matters Most FOREWORD Within the higher education community, it is relatively uncontroversial to equate educational quality with the outcomes of a contemporary liberal education and the innovative teaching and learning practices that help students achieve them. We know—and can demonstrate—that college education enable or contribute to a liberal education prepares students the development of a shared knowledge for success throughout their working base and skill set? lives, in addition to fulfilling the broader democratic mission of American higher To inform and advance the dialogue education. Yet, the vocabulary of liberal between educators and employers, as education is less widely used and less well well as the wider national conversation understood outside of higher education. about the value of higher education, As a result, when engaging with external AAC&U periodically conducts surveys stakeholders in conversations about and focus groups with representative the value of college, we too often find samples of executives and hiring managers ourselves talking past one another. This from companies and organizations that can be especially problematic when it employ college graduates. Since 2007, the comes to expectations and perceptions findings have identified common ground related to workforce preparation. between educators and employers with respect to expectations for college-level The alignment of educational outcomes learning. In fact, a consistent headline-level with workforce needs plays an essential finding across all our employer research role in promoting both individual has been that employers and educators socioeconomic mobility and national are largely in agreement when it comes economic growth and competitiveness. to the value of a contemporary liberal Achieving and sustaining this alignment education—provided it is described using requires ongoing dialogue between language that is common and accessible educators and employers about what to both stakeholder groups. Our employer constitutes workforce preparedness. What research also has identified important do graduates need to know and be able to differences in the perceptions of how well do in order to succeed in the workplaces colleges and universities are doing in terms of today and tomorrow, and how does a of meeting those shared expectations. iii AAC&U | How College Contributes to Workforce Success: Employer Views on What Matters Most How College Contributes to that not all recent graduates ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Workforce Success: Employer have, in fact, received a liberal Views on What Matters Most education. This discrepancy presents the findings of our may account for the finding AAC&U gratefully acknowledges seventh survey of employers, that one in three employers the significant contributions of which was conducted in does not have confidence in vice presidents Kate McConnell, partnership with Hanover higher education. David Tritelli, and C. Edward Research. Like our previous Watson to this report, along surveys, it found substantial Finally, for the first time, our support among employers for employer research found with the invaluable input of the outcomes and experiences evidence of an emerging vice presidents Kelly Mack, Tia of a liberal education and generation gap among Brown McNair, Terrel Rhodes, makes it clear that a liberally employers that may signal and Dawn Michele Whitehead. educated graduate is strongly increasing confidence in higher Additional thanks to Denton positioned for success in education and even greater DeSotel and Hanover Research for the job market. Nine in ten support for liberal education their collaboration on this report. employers believe that it is over the coming years. And important to achieve the of particular significance at learning outcomes that a time of mounting need for define a contemporary liberal higher education to redress education, for example, racial injustice and other and that it is worthwhile to forms of systemic inequity, the obtain a college degree. new survey found evidence The same number say they of greater recognition of the would be more likely to hire value of civic skill building and a job applicant who had community engagement among participated in at least one younger and more highly of a defined set of engaging educated employers. We will educational practices, often continue to follow this trend. called “high-impact practices.” I hope you will find the full Significantly fewer employers results presented in this report believe college-educated to be helpful as you engage applicants have received this in stakeholder conversations, type and level of preparation, both on campus and off, however. Only six in ten about the economic benefits say that recent graduates of liberal education. And I possess the knowledge and particularly hope you will skills needed for success in include students in those entry-level positions at their conversations. Their future is companies or organizations. at the heart of this report. So, while employers clearly value liberally educated Lynn Pasquerella graduates, their actual President, Association of experience with job applicants American Colleges and and new hires has shown Universities iv AAC&U | How College Contributes to Workforce Success: Employer Views on What Matters Most INTRODUCTION This report presents findings from an online survey that was conducted in October 2020 by the Association of American Colleges and Universities in partnership with Hanover Research. The total respondent sample of college-level learning, KEY TAKEAWAYS of 496 included equal nonetheless play an numbers of executives and important role in individual • Employers have confidence in higher education and value the hiring managers who are success in both college and college degree. responsible for making hiring the workplace. and promotion decisions in US • A liberal education provides companies of various types Employers are not a the knowledge and skills and sizes across a wide range homogenous group, employers view as important for career success. of industries (see fig. 1). Only and disaggregation by respondents representing demographic categories • Personal aptitudes and mindsets organizations at which a can reveal variations in their also play an important role in minimum of 25 percent of views and perceptions of career success. entry-level positions are filled higher education as well by employees who hold an as in what they value and • Completion of active and applied learning experiences gives job associate’s or bachelor’s seek in job applicants. Part applicants a clear advantage. degree were eligible for two of this report presents participation. The survey significant differences that • Both breadth and depth of respondents are collectively appeared in the survey results learning are needed for long-term referred to as “employers” in relation to respondent age career success. throughout the report. and educational attainment. • College graduates are becoming Most notably, the survey more effective at communicating The report is organized results point to the possible their achievements to employers. into two parts. The findings emergence of a generation presented in part one focus gap that may lead over time to • Employers see room for on employer views and greater confidence in higher improvement in the preparation of college graduates for work. perceptions related to higher education, greater support for education, in general, and the liberal education, and greater • Views on higher education and goals of an undergraduate recognition of the value of perceptions of recent graduates liberal education, in particular. the civic-related outcomes of vary significantly by employer Part one also includes findings college education. age and educational attainment. related to mindsets and • Younger employers (under 40) personal qualities that, while place a significantly higher value not commonly included in on civic-related learning outcomes listings of expected outcomes and experiences than older employers (50 and above) do. 1 AAC&U | How College Contributes to Workforce Success: Employer Views on What Matters Most FIGURE 1 Characteristics of respondent companies Total Number of Industry* Type Geographic Employees Profile 25–99 25% Technology 27% Private company 72% Local 23% 100–499 25% Banking or Publicly traded Regional 25% 500–999 25% financial services 12% company 17% National 34% 1,000 + 25% Manufacturing 9% Government agency Multinational 18% Professional services 9% or municipality 5% Healthcare/Medicine 9% Nonprofit organization 5% Construction/ Building contractors 9% Other 1% Retail 8% Service 6% Government (federal, state, or local) 5% Telecommunications