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San Luis Obispo County Coastal Regional Sediment Management Plan May 2016

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San Luis Obispo County Coastal Regional Sediment Management Plan May 2016 San Luis Obispo County Coastal Regional Sediment Management Plan May 2016 Source: Adelman and Adelman Prepared for: THE CALIFORNIA COASTAL SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT WORKGROUP Prepared By: US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS LOS ANGELES DISTRICT SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS EVEREST INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS, INC. MERKEL & ASSOCIATES, INC. PHILIP KING, PHD US Army Corps of Engineers South Pacific Division Blank Page TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS ............................................................................................... IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... XI ES-1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... XI ES-2 SETTING ..................................................................................................... XII ES-3 SEDIMENT SOURCES, COASTAL EROSION, AND RECEIVER SITES .................................... XVI ES-4 REGIONAL SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES ...................................................... XVIII ES-5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................... XX ES-6 REGULATORY AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................ XXVIII ES-7 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................ XXX ES-8 RECOMMENDED REGIONAL SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ................................ XXXII ES-9 IMPLEMENTATION AND GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE .................................................. XXXIII 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................ 3 1.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... 4 2 SETTING ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1 BEACHES ........................................................................................................ 8 2.2 COASTAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT .......................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Morro Bay Littoral Cell ........................................................................................ 16 2.2.2 Santa Maria Littoral Cell ..................................................................................... 17 2.3 PHYSICAL PROCESSES ...................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Wave Climate .................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Tidal Regime ..................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 Changes in Sea-Level......................................................................................... 19 3 SEDIMENT SOURCES AND RECEIVER SITES ............................................................. 23 3.1 SEDIMENT SOURCES ........................................................................................ 23 3.1.1 Upland Sources ................................................................................................. 23 3.1.2 Coastal Sediment Sources .................................................................................. 30 3.2 COASTAL EROSION SITES .................................................................................. 36 3.2.1 Piedras Blancas Realignment .............................................................................. 37 3.2.2 Hearst San Simeon State Park ............................................................................ 38 3.2.3 Cambria ........................................................................................................... 38 3.2.4 Cayucos ........................................................................................................... 38 3.2.5 Shell Beach ....................................................................................................... 38 3.2.6 Pismo Coast RV Resort ....................................................................................... 40 3.3 BEACHES OF INTEREST...................................................................................... 40 3.4 SEA LEVEL RISE INDUCED FLOODING AND EROSION ................................................... 40 3.4.1 Pacific Institute and CSMW WebMapper................................................................ 40 3.4.2 U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Change Hazard Portal ............................................ 42 3.4.3 Federal Emergency Management Agency.............................................................. 43 3.4.4 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ................................................. 43 3.4.5 Extreme ENSO and Storm Scenario Development ................................................. 43 3.5 RECEIVER SITES ............................................................................................. 43 3.5.1 Historical Receiver Sites ..................................................................................... 44 ~ i ~ 3.5.2 Potential Receiver Sites ...................................................................................... 46 3.6 SEA LEVEL RISE ADAPTATION .............................................................................. 47 4 REGIONAL SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES ........................................................ 48 4.1 SHORELINE PROTECTION AND ARMORING ................................................................ 49 4.2 SETBACKS .................................................................................................... 50 4.3 BEACH NOURISHMENT ...................................................................................... 50 4.4 NEARSHORE NOURISHMENT ................................................................................ 50 4.5 SAND COMPATIBILITY AND OPPORTUNISTIC USE PROGRAM ........................................... 51 4.6 STOCKPILING ................................................................................................. 51 4.7 SAND RETENTION ........................................................................................... 52 4.7.1 Reefs ............................................................................................................... 52 4.7.2 Dewatering ....................................................................................................... 52 4.7.3 Soft Solutions ................................................................................................... 52 4.8 MANAGED RETREAT ......................................................................................... 53 5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................... 54 5.1 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY COASTAL BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ....................................... 54 5.2 HABITATS OF SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY ................................................................ 63 5.2.1 Sandy Beaches, Coastal Dunes, and Strands ........................................................ 63 5.2.2 Coastal Rivers, Creeks, and Estuaries .................................................................. 65 5.2.3 Coastal Wetlands ............................................................................................... 66 5.2.4 Estuaries .......................................................................................................... 66 5.2.5 Inlet Embayments ............................................................................................. 67 5.2.6 Littoral Habitats ................................................................................................ 67 5.2.7 Sublittoral Habitats ............................................................................................ 68 5.2.8 Intertidal Zone .................................................................................................. 68 5.2.9 Rocky Subtidal .................................................................................................. 71 5.2.10 Kelp Forest, Eelgrass, and Surfgrass .................................................................... 71 5.3 MANAGED AREAS ............................................................................................ 74 5.3.1 Conservation Areas, Refuges, and Reserves ......................................................... 74 5.3.2 San Luis Obispo County State Parks and State Beaches ......................................... 76 5.4 FISH AND WILDLIFE OF THE SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY LITTORAL CELLS ........................... 77 5.5 LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES .................................... 78 5.5.1 Federal Endangered Species Act .......................................................................... 78 5.5.2 Marine Mammal Protection Act ............................................................................ 79 5.5.3 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Amendments of 1996 ................................................................................................................ 80 5.5.4 Migratory Bird Treaty Act .................................................................................... 81 5.5.5 California Endangered Species Act ......................................................................
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