OSC Bulletin

The Ontario Securities Commission

OSC Bulletin

October 31, 2019

Volume 42, Issue 44

(2019), 42 OSCB

The Ontario Securities Commission administers the Securities Act of Ontario (R.S.O. 1990, c. S.5) and the Commodity Futures Act of Ontario (R.S.O. 1990, c. C.20)

The Ontario Securities Commission Published under the authority of the Commission by: Cadillac Fairview Tower Thomson Reuters 22nd Floor, Box 55 One Corporate Plaza 20 Queen Street West 2075 Kennedy Road Toronto, Ontario Toronto, Ontario M5H 3S8 M1T 3V4

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Notices ...... 8509 Chapter 13 SROs, Marketplaces, 1.1 Notices ...... (nil) Clearing Agencies and 1.2 Notices of Hearing ...... (nil) Trade Repositories ...... (nil) 1.3 Notices of Hearing with Related 13.1 SROs ...... (nil) Statements of Allegations ...... (nil) 13.2 Marketplaces ...... (nil) 1.4 Notices from the Office 13.3 Clearing Agencies ...... (nil) of the Secretary ...... 8509 13.4 Trade Repositories ...... (nil) 1.4.1 Donna Hutchinson et al...... 8509 1.5 Notices from the Office Chapter 25 Other Information ...... (nil) of the Secretary with Related Statements of Allegations ...... (nil) Index ...... 8637

Chapter 2 Decisions, Orders and Rulings ...... 8511 2.1 Decisions ...... 8511 2.1.1 TokenGX Inc...... 8511 2.1.2 RBC Global Asset Management Inc...... 8522 2.1.3 CI Investments Inc. et al...... 8526 2.2 Orders...... 8535 2.2.1 Donna Hutchinson et al. – s. 127(1) ...... 8535 2.2.2 Boliden AB ...... 8536 2.2.3 Endocan Solutions Inc. – s. 144 ...... 8540 2.3 Orders with Related Settlement Agreements ...... (nil) 2.4 Rulings ...... (nil)

Chapter 3 Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings ...... 8543 3.1 OSC Decisions ...... 8543 3.1.1 Donna Hutchinson et al. – s. 127(1) ...... 8543 3.2 Director’s Decisions ...... (nil)

Chapter 4 Cease Trading Orders ...... 8589 4.1.1 Temporary, Permanent & Rescinding Issuer Cease Trading Orders ...... 8589 4.2.1 Temporary, Permanent & Rescinding Management Cease Trading Orders ...... 8589 4.2.2 Outstanding Management & Insider Cease Trading Orders ...... 8589

Chapter 5 Rules and Policies...... (nil)

Chapter 6 Request for Comments ...... (nil)

Chapter 7 Insider Reporting...... 8591

Chapter 9 Legislation ...... (nil)

Chapter 11 IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings ...... 8629

Chapter 12 Registrations ...... 8635 12.1.1 Registrants ...... 8635

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB

Chapter 1

Notices

1.4 Notices from the Office of the Secretary

1.4.1 Donna Hutchinson et al.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE October 24, 2019

DONNA HUTCHINSON, CAMERON EDWARD CORNISH, DAVID PAUL GEORGE SIDDERS and PATRICK JELF CARUSO, File No. 2017-54

TORONTO – The Commission issued its Reasons and Decision and an Order in the above named matter.

A copy of the Reasons and Decision and Order dated October 23, 2019 are available at www.osc.gov.on.ca.

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY GRACE KNAKOWSKI SECRETARY TO THE COMMISSION

For media inquiries: [email protected]

For investor inquiries:

OSC Contact Centre 416-593-8314 1-877-785-1555 (Toll Free)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8509

Notices

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8510

Chapter 2

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

2.1 Decisions

2.1.1 TokenGX Inc.

Headnote

OSC LaunchPad – Application for time-limited relief from the marketplace requirements and prospectus requirement – relief from marketplace requirements to allow the Filer to pilot test a platform that will facilitate the secondary trading of tokens that were issued pursuant to prospectus exemptions – prospectus relief in respect of the secondary trading of tokens – relief granted subject to certain conditions set out in the decision, including investment limits for retail investors – relief from marketplace requirements and prospectus relief is time-limited for pilot testing purposes – relief granted based on the particular facts and circumstances of the application with the objective of fostering capital raising by innovative businesses in Ontario and liquidity for investors – decision should not be viewed as a precedent for other filers in Ontario.

Statute cited

Securities Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.5, as am., ss. 1(1), 53, 74, 138.1, 138.4(7), 138.5, 138.6, 138.7.

Instruments cited

National Instrument 21-101 Marketplace Operation, s. 15.1. National Instrument 23-101 Trading Rules, s. 12.1. National Instrument 23-103 Electronic Trading and Direct Access to Marketplaces, s. 10. National Instrument 45-102 Resale of Securities, s. 2.5.

October 22, 2019

IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF ONTARIO (the “Jurisdiction”)

AND

IN THE MATTER OF TOKENGX INC. (The Filer)

DECISION

Background

The Ontario Securities Commission (OSC), through the OSC LaunchPad, engages with fintech businesses that have innovative products, services or applications that benefit investors. OSC LaunchPad assists businesses in navigating regulatory requirements and offers flexible approaches for them to fulfill regulatory requirements, including time-limited registration or exemptive relief from securities law requirements to allow them to test their innovative business models.

The Filer wishes to create a blockchain-based security token (token) trading platform for the trading among investors (investors) of their tokens that were distributed under prospectus exemptions in order to facilitate capital raising for issuers and to provide liquidity for the investors. The Filer is currently participating in the Creative Destruction Lab’s (CDL) Blockchain Incubator Stream, a 10-month program in which blockchain founders are mentored by veteran entrepreneurs, investors and visionaries in artificial intelligence and blockchain. CDL is an Ontario-based incubator program with locations across Canada and the UK that provides assistance to various seed-stage businesses, including technology businesses with a focus on blockchain applications.

Generally, some liquidity and transferability of tokens is desired by investors to access their funds and for issuers in the development or growth stage of their business. Liquidity is limited for offerings of tokens under a prospectus exemption as the tokens issued are subject to resale restrictions.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8511

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

The OSC recognizes that to keep abreast of and facilitate innovation, an environment to conduct commercial tests of novel business models, products and services is required. The Filer is seeking exemptive relief, as described below, to conduct a time-limited pilot test in order to gather data and operational feedback in a controlled environment, to assess the appropriate regulatory requirements, and to foster capital raising by innovative businesses in Canada and some liquidity for investors.

In the context of the OSC LaunchPad, the Filer submitted its business model and subsequently filed an application to the OSC as principal regulator to be exempted from certain requirements under applicable securities legislation to pilot test its proposed business model in a sandbox environment for a time-limited period. This Decision is based on the unique facts and circumstances of the Filer and for the limited purpose of allowing the Filer to pilot test its business in a limited commercial setting. Accordingly, this Decision should not be viewed as a precedent for other filers.

Relief Sought for Time-Limited Pilot Testing

The principal regulator in the Jurisdiction has received an application from the Filer, on behalf of itself and the Selling Token Holders (as defined below), for a decision under the securities legislation of the Jurisdiction of the principal regulator (the Legislation) pursuant to:

(a) section 15.1 of National Instrument 21-101 Marketplace Operation (NI 21-101) for relief in whole from the requirements of NI 21-101;

(b) section 12.1 of National Instrument 23-101 Trading Rules (NI 23-101) for relief in whole from the requirements of NI 23-101;

(c) section 10 of National Instrument 23-103 Electronic Trading and Direct Access to Marketplaces (NI 23-103) for relief in whole from the requirements of NI 23-103; and

(d) section 74 of the Securities Act (Ontario) (the Act) for relief from the prospectus requirement in section 53 of the Act (the Prospectus Relief) subject to conditions and restrictions outlined in the Decision in order to operate the Secondary Trading Platform (as defined below) for a pilot test period (collectively, the Relief Sought).

Interpretation

Terms defined in National Instrument 14-101 Definitions have the same meaning if used in this Decision, unless otherwise defined.

Representations

This Decision is based on the following facts represented by the Filer:

The Filer

1. The Filer is a blockchain business incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) on May 31, 2018. Its head office is located in Toronto, Ontario.

2. All of the outstanding common shares of the Filer are held equally by Alan Wunsche and Laura Pratt.

3. The Filer is an affiliate of Token Funder Inc. (TokenFunder). All of the outstanding common shares of TokenFunder are held by Leading Knowledge Ltd., an Ontario corporation controlled by Alan Wunsche and Matt Yang.

4. Pursuant to a decision dated October 17, 2017, TokenFunder was granted relief from the dealer registration requirement in the Legislation in order to distribute its own tokens (the FNDR Tokens) to fund the development of an on-line platform (the Primary Distribution Platform) that facilitates the initial distribution of crypto assets to investors pursuant to available prospectus exemptions.

5. TokenFunder subsequently completed an offering of the FNDR Tokens by way of an initial token offering (ITO), pursuant to the offering memorandum prospectus exemption (the OM Exemption) in section 2.9 of National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Requirements (NI 45-106).

6. TokenFunder completed the development of the Primary Distribution Platform and the Filer became registered as an Exempt Market Dealer (EMD) in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Québec on April 17, 2019 to operate the Primary Distribution Platform.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8512

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

7. The Filer’s registration is subject to terms and conditions given that it is a novel business focused on facilitating the ITOs through an on-line platform.

8. The Filer is not in default of securities legislation in any jurisdiction of Canada.

Initial Token Offerings on the Primary Distribution Platform

9. The Filer provides advisory, technology implementation and brokerage services for issuers in connection with crypto- asset offerings by way of ITOs. Each ITO is organized according to a set of rules via a smart contract (a Smart Contract) that is represented as a token on a distributed ledger, the Ethereum public blockchain. The Filer assists issuers in the deployment and management of standardized Smart Contracts specifically developed by TokenFunder for the Primary Distribution Platform.

10. The tokens are digital assets which represent an equity interest or debt, are distributed pursuant to prospectus exemptions and can only be distributed through the Primary Distribution Platform or Secondary Trading Platform (Issuer Tokens).

11. The Filer develops the Smart Contracts using open source code and will use various online resources to test and review the Smart Contracts. The Filer will review the smart contract audit reports generated by smart contract audit tools and will address any issues identified by those reviews prior to the deployment of those Smart Contracts.

12. As part of the investor account opening process, the Filer collects know-your-client information to verify the identity of the investor and collects information necessary for the Filer to conduct a suitability assessment for each investor. An investor’s information is added to a smart contract digital account identifier list (KYC Whitelist) that corresponds to the investor’s vetted investor category, such as accredited investor as defined in the Act and NI 45-106 (Accredited Investor). A prospective investor must be verified and approved by the Filer to be on the KYC Whitelist before they are permitted to participate in any offerings through the Primary Distribution Platform.

13. The Filer uses technology to facilitate the determination of whether a purchase of an Issuer Token is suitable for an investor before accepting an instruction from that investor to buy that Issuer Token on the Primary Distribution Platform.

14. The Filer requires investors to purchase Issuer Tokens through the Primary Distribution Platform using fiat currency. The funds are held at a Canadian custodian (as defined in section 1.1 of National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registration Obligations) in a trust account designated for that Issuer until such time the offering period has closed.

15. Investors purchasing Issuer Tokens through the Primary Distribution Platform do so through digital wallets not controlled by the Filer or affiliates of the Filer. An investor’s interest in Issuer Tokens is recorded on the Ethereum blockchain. Investors control the private keys to the public digital wallet address. The Filer does not act as custodian for any Issuer Tokens that are assets of the Filer’s clients.

16. All Issuer Tokens issued are deployed on the decentralized Ethereum public blockchain. Issuer Token transaction data will be immutably recorded on the blockchain and all Issuer Token transactions will be visible to the public and can be verified.

17. In order to address transferability restrictions of Issuer Tokens, the Filer designed a blockchain-based transfer controller (the Transfer Controller) which enables it to manage transactions of Issuer Tokens and future tokens issued. For example, the investor category from the KYC Whitelist (e.g. retail and Accredited Investor) is embedded in the Transfer Controller to manage transferability restrictions. This feature differentiates tokens issued via the Primary Distribution Platform from other “ERC-20” tokens in circulation on the Ethereum blockchain. The Primary Distribution Platform is designed to incorporate the KYC Whitelist and the Transfer Controller – for example, should an investor attempt to transfer an Issuer Token to another digital wallet belonging to an individual that has not been onboarded by the Primary Distribution Platform and included in the KYC Whitelist, the Transfer Controller would automatically stop the transfer of the Issuer Token to another wallet from occurring.

Secondary Trading Platform

18. Secondary trading of Issuer Tokens distributed on the Primary Distribution Platform pursuant to prospectus exemptions and FNDR Tokens will take place on the FreedomX platform (the Secondary Trading Platform) operated by the Filer.

19. The participants on the Secondary Trading Platform will be limited to sellers that are resident in Ontario (Selling Token Holders) and purchasers that are resident in Ontario (Purchasers, and together with Selling Token Holders, Participants).

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8513

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

20. The Secondary Trading Platform will be comprised of an order book displaying buy and sell orders entered by the Participants (the Order Book), with an interface system that utilizes blockchain smart contracts to execute the transactions that occur in the Order Book. The Participants will interact with one another on the Order Book.

21. Participants may view the Order Book and enter buy or sell orders for the FNDR Token or Issuer Token they wish to trade which includes the quantity and price. The Order Book will display buy and sell orders created by the Participants.

22. Participants who purchased Issuer Tokens through the Primary Distribution Platform will have previously been onboarded by the Filer. Parties that are seeking to purchase Issuer Tokens on the Secondary Trading Platform that did not purchase Issuer Tokens on the Primary Distribution Platform must first be onboarded by the Filer before being permitted to purchase Issuer Tokens. The Filer will onboard Participants to the Secondary Trading Platform in the same manner as any other investor on the Primary Distribution Platform, with the investor status included on the KYC Whitelist and with all transactions on the Secondary Trading Platform subject to the Transfer Controller mechanism. As such, all Participants are vetted by the Filer prior to gaining access and trading on the Secondary Trading Platform as set out in paragraphs 12 and 13 of the Decision.

23. The Filer, through the Transfer Controller, has rules regarding when transfers of FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens are permitted or prohibited, and which Participants may enter orders of FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens on the Secondary Trading Platform. This includes confirmation that a Participant is on the KYC Whitelist.

24. The Filer, through the Transfer Controller and KYC Whitelist, will confirm that the Purchaser is an Ontario resident and the Purchaser’s investor status.

25. For Purchasers that are not Accredited Investors, the Filer, through the Transfer Controller and KYC Whitelist, will not permit the acquisition cost of the FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens acquired by the Purchaser on the Secondary Trading Platform to exceed $2,500 for all trades on the Secondary Trading Platform.

26. Subject to suitability, once a Participant’s order is matched to an existing order, the smart contract automatically executes the transactions and the FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens are transferred between Participant’s digital wallets, with the transaction published on the public blockchain. The Order Book is simultaneously updated to reflect outstanding open orders. Payment is made using the Settlement Balance Token (as defined below).

27. The Filer will limit the tokens made available by Participants for trading on the Secondary Trading Platform during the pilot test to

(a) FNDR Tokens,

(b) Issuer Tokens from no more than ten (10) Ontario issuers whose tokens were issued through the Primary Distribution Platform, and

28. The Filer will require any issuer that wishes for its Issuer Tokens to be made available on the Secondary Trading Platform to have conducted at least one previous distribution in reliance of the OM exemption, such that there is an offering memorandum available, and be in compliance with the requirements pursuant to the OM Exemption.

29. The Filer will not facilitate the trading of any tokens created on other platforms.

30. The Filer’s technology enables FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens to be transferred between Participants without the involvement of custodians or clearing agencies.

31. Concurrent to the pilot test in the sandbox environment, the Filer intends to seek appropriate approvals from the principal regulator and the regulators or securities regulatory authorities of the jurisdictions in which the Filer is registered to expand the pilot test with the goal of offering the Secondary Trading Platform to investors and issuers in those other jurisdictions.

Settlement Balance Tokens

32. The Filer will require Purchasers to purchase tokens from the Filer that will be used for the sole purpose of facilitating payment for the FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens on the Secondary Trading Platform (the Settlement Balance Tokens).

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8514

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

33. The Filer will issue Settlement Balance Tokens to Participants at a price of one (1) Canadian dollar (CAD) per Settlement Balance Token.

34. Settlement Balance Tokens may be acquired by Purchasers by transferring funds to the Filer’s Trust Account (defined below) at a Canadian custodian through the Secondary Trading Platform.

35. Settlement Balance Tokens purchased by Participants from the Filer will be transferred by the Filer directly to the Participant’s digital wallet. A Participant’s holding of the Settlement Balance Tokens is recorded on the Ethereum blockchain. Participants will control the private keys to the public digital wallet address.

36. The Filer will maintain a separate business trust account (the Trust Account) at a Canadian custodian for the designated purpose of depositing funds received from the issuance of the Settlement Balance Tokens and funding the redemption of the Settlement Balance Tokens. The Filer will not use the Trust Account for any other purposes.

37. The Settlement Balance Tokens will be immediately usable as payment for FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens.

38. The Filer, through the Transfer Controller, will restrict Settlement Balance Tokens from being transferred to digital wallets external to the Secondary Trading Platform.

39. Sellers that receive Settlement Balance Tokens as payment for FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens may either use those Settlement Balance Tokens to purchase Issuer Tokens on the Secondary Trading Platform or request that the Filer repurchase the Settlement Balance Tokens.

40. The Filer will repurchase Settlement Balance Tokens at a price of one (1) CAD per Settlement Balance Token less applicable administration fees within one (1) business day of receiving a repurchase request. Upon a request from a Participant for redemption of Settlement Balance Tokens through the Participant’s online account on the Secondary Trading Platform, an authorized representative of the Filer will instruct the Canadian custodian to transfer funds from the Trust Account to the Participant’s bank account.

41. As long as there are outstanding Settlement Balance Tokens, the Filer will offer to repurchase Settlement Balance Tokens from Participants on the Secondary Trading Platform.

42. The Filer will reconcile, on a regular basis, the amount of outstanding Settlement Balance Tokens and the records of the Canadian custodian setting out the balance in the Trust Account.

Disclosures and Information Collected from Participants of the Secondary Trading Platform

43. The Filer will establish and maintain an ongoing dedicated page on the Secondary Trading Platform for each issuer with FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens available for trading on the Secondary Trading Platform. The Filer will require issuers to provide ongoing business disclosures to the Filer to be posted on the Secondary Trading Platform, including at a minimum:

(a) corporate information;

(b) FNDR Tokens or Issuer Token issuance details;

(d) quarterly financial and management reports, including how proceeds raised in the ITO have been used;

(e) the audited annual financial statements provided to prospective purchasers of the ITO and any subsequent audited annual financial statements required to be made reasonably available to each holder of a FNDR Tokens or Issuer Token acquired under the ITO; and

(f) as soon as practicable and in any event within ten (10) days, notice of any material change in the business, operations or capital of the issuer that would reasonably be expected to have a significant effect on the value of any of the FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens of the issuer, including but not limited to a change of the issuer’s business, change of the issuer’s industry, a change of control of the issuer and a change to information previously disclosed in the offering memorandum.

44. The Filer will conduct an ongoing review of the issuer’s disclosures as described in paragraph 43 to determine that it is complete, consistent and not misleading. If the Filer determines that a disclosure is incorrect, incomplete or misleading, the Filer will require the issuer to correct or make complete the disclosure within two (2) business days or the Filer will

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8515

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

remove the disclosure. The Filer will remove an issuer’s Issuer Tokens from trading on the Secondary Trading Platform if there are material disclosures that are not corrected or made complete.

45. The Filer does not permit officers, directors, or employees of issuers to trade in their own FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens during the pilot test if their FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens are available for trading on the Secondary Trading Platform.

46. The Filer will establish, maintain and monitor policies prohibiting the officers, directors or employees of the Filer and any affiliated entities from trading in their own FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens during the pilot test period.

Other

47. The Filer will require each Purchaser to acknowledge certain risks associated with the investments on the Secondary Trading Platform.

Decision

The principal regulator is satisfied that the Decision meets the tests set out in the Legislation for the principal regulator to make the Decision for purposes of pilot testing this novel business.

The Decision of the principal regulator under the Legislation is that the Relief Sought is granted on a time-limited basis, provided that all of the following conditions are met:

I. The Filer is registered as an EMD and complies with the requirements of a dealer under securities legislation for the operation of the Primary Distribution Platform and Secondary Trading Platform.

II. The Filer limits the tokens made available for trading by Participants on the Secondary Trading Platform to

(a) FNDR Tokens,

(b) Issuer Tokens from no more than ten (10) Ontario issuers whose tokens were issued through the Primary Distribution Platform, and

III. The Filer will require any issuer that wishes for its FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens to be made available on the Secondary Trading Platform to have conducted at least one previous distribution in reliance of the OM Exemption, such that there is an offering memorandum available, and be in compliance with the requirements pursuant to the OM Exemption.

IV. The Filer will not facilitate the trading of any tokens created on other platforms or that are able to be traded outside of the Secondary Trading Platform.

V. The Filer will maintain an ongoing dedicated page on the Secondary Trading Platform for each issuer with FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens available for trading on the Secondary Trading Platform as set out in paragraph 43 of the Decision.

Access to the Secondary Trading Platform

VI. The Filer ensures that each Participant accessing the Secondary Trading Platform has been onboarded as set out in paragraph 22 of the Decision.

VII. The Filer will ensure that only Participants that reside in Ontario will be permitted to participate on the Secondary Trading Platform.

VIII. The Filer will not permit unreasonable discrimination among Participants of the Secondary Trading Platform.

IX. The Filer will not unreasonably prohibit, condition or limit access by Participants to services offered by Secondary Trading Platform.

X. The Filer will establish written standards for access to the Secondary Trading Platform.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8516

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

XI. The Filer will not provide access to Participants to the Secondary Trading Platform unless it has the ability to terminate all or a portion of access of Participants, if required.

XII. The Filer will not permit officers, directors, or employees of:

(a) issuers to trade in their own Issuer Tokens if their Issuer Tokens are available for trading on the Secondary Trading Platform; and

(b) the Filer and any affiliated entities to trade in FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens on the Secondary Trading Platform during the pilot test period.

Settlement Balance Tokens

XIII. The Filer will issue Settlement Balance Tokens to Participants at a price of one (1) CAD per Settlement Balance Token for the sole purpose of facilitating payment for the FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens on the Secondary Trading Platform.

XIV. The Filer will repurchase Settlement Balance Tokens at a price of one (1) CAD per Settlement Balance Token less applicable funds transfer fees within one (1) business day of receiving a repurchase request.

XV. The Filer will continue to offer to repurchase Settlement Balance Tokens from Participants as long as there are outstanding Settlement Balance Tokens.

XVI. The Filer will maintain the Trust Account at a Canadian custodian for the designated purpose of depositing funds received from the issuance of the Settlement Balance Tokens and funding the redemption of the Settlement Balance Tokens. The Filer will not use the Trust Account for any other purposes.

XVII. The Filer will reconcile, on a regular basis, the value of outstanding Settlement Balance Tokens and the records of the Canadian custodian setting out the balance in the Trust Account.

XVIII. The Filer will promptly notify the principal regulator if, at any time, the balance in the Trust Account is less than the Canadian value of outstanding Settlement Balance Tokens.

Market Integrity

XIX. The Filer will take reasonable steps to ensure its operations do not interfere with fair and orderly markets.

XX. The Filer will establish price and volume thresholds as necessary in order to ensure trading on the Secondary Trading Platform does not interfere with fair and orderly markets and will not permit the execution of orders that exceed price and volume thresholds established by the Secondary Trading Platform.

XXI. The Filer will establish, maintain and ensure compliance with policies and procedures that identify and manage conflicts of interest arising form the operation of the Secondary Trading Platform, including conflicts between the interests of its owners, its commercial interests, and the responsibilities and sound functioning of the Secondary Trading Platform.

XXII. The Filer will only reverse a trade by entering into a new transaction to correct an error caused by a system or technological malfunctions of the Secondary Trading Platform or caused by an individual acting on behalf of the Secondary Trading Platform.

The Filer’s Oversight of Participants and Trading

XXIII. The Filer will have rules governing trading, including prohibitions against abusive trading, and mechanisms for monitoring trading and enforcing these rules.

Transparency of Marketplace Operations

XXIV. The Filer will disclose to issuers and Participants that the Filer has been granted time-limited relief to operate the Secondary Trading Platform and continued operations of the Secondary Trading Platform following expiry of the Decision will be subject to further approval by the principal regulator and any terms and conditions the principal regulator may impose.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8517

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

XXV. The Filer will disclose on the Secondary Trading Platform information reasonably necessary to enable a person or company to understand the operations or services the Secondary Trading Platform provides, including at a minimum:

(a) Access criteria, including how access is granted or denied and whether there are differences in access and trading;

(b) Description of how access is suspended or terminated;

(d) Hours of trading;

(e) All fees, including fees associated with the redemption of Settlement Balance Tokens, and will notify its Participants, in writing, at least five (5) business days prior to implementing any fee changes;

(f) How orders are entered, interact and execute;

(g) All order types;

(h) Policies and procedures relating to error trades, cancellations, modifications and dispute resolution;

(i) Information about the FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens available for trading;

(j) Information about the trades executed on the Secondary Trading Platform, including, at a minimum, the name of the FNDR Token or Issuer Token purchased or sold, the price and the volume of the trade;

(k) Conflicts of interest and the policies and procedures to manage them;

(l) Process for payment and settlement of transactions;

(m) Access arrangements with a third-party services provider, if any; and

(n) Rules governing trading, including prevention of manipulation and other market abuse.

Systems

XXVI. The Filer will have internal controls over systems that support order entry and execution.

XXVII. The Filer will have information technology controls including controls relating to operations, information security, change management, problem management, network support and system software support.

XXVIII. The Filer will promptly notify the principal regulator of any systems failure, malfunction, delay or security breach and provides timely updates on the status.

Risk Acknowledgement

XXIX. The Filer will require a Purchaser to directly acknowledge that they have read and understand each of the following statements immediately prior to the Purchaser submitting a buy order:

(a) Risk of loss – I could lose my entire investment of $[dollar value of trade].

(b) Liquidity risk – I may not be able to sell my investment quickly – or at all.

(d) No income – I may not earn any income, such as dividends or interest on this investment.

(e) No approval – This investment has not been reviewed or approved in any way by a securities regulatory authority.

(f) Limited legal rights – I will not have the same rights as if I purchased under a prospectus or through a stock exchange. If you want to know more about your legal rights, you should seek professional legal advice.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8518

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

(g) No ability to cancel a trade – Once an order is submitted and matched, the trade is final, I will have no ability to request a cancellation or reversal of the trade.

Investment Limits

XXX. If a Purchaser is not an Accredited Investor, the acquisition cost of the FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens acquired by the Purchaser on the Secondary Trading Platform does not exceed $2,500 for all trades on the Secondary Trading Platform.

Resale Restrictions

XXXI. Unless all of the conditions in subsection 2.5(2) of National Instrument 45-102 Resale of Securities are satisfied, subject to the exceptions from those conditions in subsection 2.5(3), the first trade of a FNDR Token or Issuer Token distributed under this Decision is deemed to be a distribution under the Legislation.

XXXII. The first trade of a Settlement Balance Token to a person that is not a Participant on the Secondary Trading Platform is deemed to be a distribution under the Legislation.

Ongoing Disclosure and Liability

XXXIII. The Filer will maintain an ongoing dedicated page on the Secondary Trading Platform for each issuer with FNDR Tokens or Issuer Tokens available for trading on the Secondary Trading Platform and will require each issuer to include, at a minimum, disclosures set out in paragraph 43 of the Decision.

XXXIV. The Filer will require each of the following persons or companies to provide Participants with a contractual right of action for damages where the disclosure provided to the Filer to be posted on the Secondary Trading Platform contains a misrepresentation:

(a) the issuer of the FNDR Token or Issuer Token;

(b) each director of the issuer at the time the disclosure was provided to the Filer to be posted on the Secondary Trading Platform;

(c) each officer of the issuer who authorized, permitted or acquiesced the providing of the disclosure to the Filer to be posted on the Secondary Trading Platform;

(d) each influential person (as defined in section 138.1 of the Act), and each director and officer of an influential person, who knowingly influenced,

(i) the issuer or any person or company acting on behalf of the issuer to provide the disclosure to the Filer to be posted on the Secondary Trading Platform, or

(ii) a director or officer of the issuer to authorize, permit or acquiesce in the providing of the disclosure to the Filer to be posted on the Secondary Trading Platform.

XXXV. The contractual right of action under paragraph XXXIV may provide that:

(a) a person or company is not liable in relation to a misrepresentation if that person or company proves any of the following:

(i) that the Participant acquired or disposed of the FNDR Token or Issuer Token with knowledge that the disclosure contained a misrepresentation;

(ii) before the release of the disclosure the containing the misrepresentation, the person or company conducted or caused to be conducted a reasonable investigation (with consideration of the factors in section 138.4(7) of the Act), and at the time the disclosure was posted on the Secondary Trading Platform, the person or company had no reasonable grounds to believe that the disclosure contained the misrepresentation;

(b) a person or company is not liable for a misrepresentation in forward-looking information if the person or company proves all of the following things:

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8519

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

(i) The disclosure containing the forward-looking information contained, proximate to that information,

1. reasonable cautionary language identifying the forward-looking information as such, and identifying material factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from a conclusion, forecast or projection in the forward-looking information, and

2. a statement of the material factors or assumptions that were applied in drawing a conclusion or making a forecast or projection set out in the forward-looking information.

(ii) The person or company had a reasonable basis for drawing the conclusions or making the forecasts and projections set out in the forward-looking information.

(c) a person or company, other than the issuer, is not liable if the misrepresentation was made without the knowledge or consent of that person or company and, if, after the person or company became aware of the misrepresentation before it was corrected,

(i) the person or company promptly notified the board of directors of the issuer, or other persons acting in similar capacity, of the misrepresentation; and

(ii) if no correction of the misrepresentation was made by the issuer within two (2) business days of the notification under (i), the person or company, unless prohibited by law or by professional confidentiality rules, promptly and in writing notified the Filer and the OSC of the misrepresentation.

(d) damages shall be assessed as set out in sections 138.5 to 138.7 of the Act, except that references to “the public correction of the misrepresentation or the disclosure of the material change in the manner required under this Act or the regulations” shall be replaced with “the public correction of the misrepresentation on the Secondary Trading Platform”.

Other

XXXVI. The Filer will keep books, records and other documents reasonably necessary for the proper recording of its business, including but not limited to:

(a) a record of all investors granted or denied access to the Secondary Trading Platform;

(b) daily trading summaries including FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens traded and transaction volumes and values;

(c) records of all orders and trades, including the price, volume, times when the orders are entered, matched, cancelled or rejected and posted on the blockchain;

(d) a copy of all information posted by the Filer or issuers on the Secondary Trading Platform; and

(e) the risk acknowledgement and know-your-client information for a period of eight (8) years and makes available the risk acknowledgement to the Participants of FNDR Tokens and Issuer Tokens.

XXXVII. Within 30 days of the end of each calendar quarter, the Filer must provide to the principal regulator

(a) copies of smart contract audit reports obtained in the calendar quarter;

(b) details of incidents and incidences of non-compliance by issuers and Participants in the calendar quarter, including any action taken by the Filer;

(d) monthly metrics of trading volume, dollar value of trades and type of Purchaser (e.g. Accredited Investor) for each issuer’s token being traded in the calendar quarter;

(e) monthly metrics of number of disclosures provided by each issuer of which FNDR Token or Issuer Token is being traded in the calendar quarter; and

(f) monthly metrics of new Purchasers participating on the Secondary Trading but not previously an investor in the primary distributions in the calendar quarter.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8520

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

XXXVIII. In addition to any other reporting required by securities legislation, the Filer will provide, on a timely basis, any report, document or information to the principal regulator that may be requested by the principal regulator from time to time for the purpose of monitoring compliance with securities legislation and the conditions in the Decision, in a format acceptable to the principal regulator.

XXXIX. The Filer files Form 21-102F2 Information Statement Alternative Trading System with the OSC to seek approval to operate a marketplace and files the required application to seek membership with the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada no later than six (6) months after the date of the Decision.

XL. This Decision may be amended by the principal regulator from time to time upon prior written notice to the Filer.

XLI. This Decision shall expire the earlier of:

(a) twelve (12) months after the closing of the first completed ITO of an issuer on the Primary Distribution Platform, and

(b) April 16, 2021.

In respect of the Relief Sought other than the Prospectus Relief:

"Pat Chaukos" Deputy Director Ontario Securities Commission

In respect of the Prospectus Relief:

"Grant Vingoe" Vice-Chair Ontario Securities Commission

"Tim Moseley" Vice-Chair Ontario Securities Commission

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8521

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

2.1.2 RBC Global Asset Management Inc.

Headnote

National Policy 11-203 Process for Exemptive Relief Applications in Multiple Jurisdictions – filer seeking relief from NI 81-102 to permit alternative mutual funds to short sell up to 100% of net assets in connection with “market neutral” or other short selling strategies – NI 81-102 would allow funds to achieve similar short exposure through derivatives – physical short selling is cheaper and more efficient and will not increase risk to the funds compared to short exposure through derivatives.

Applicable Legislative Provisions

National Instrument 81-102 Investment Funds – ss. 2.6.1(1)(c)(v), 2.6.2(1) and 19.1(2).

September 17, 2019

IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF ONTARIO (the Jurisdiction)

AND

IN THE MATTER OF THE PROCESS FOR EXEMPTIVE RELIEF APPLICATIONS IN MULTIPLE JURISDICTIONS

AND

IN THE MATTER OF RBC GLOBAL ASSET MANAGEMENT INC. (the Filer)

DECISION

Background

The principal regulator in the Jurisdiction has received an application from the Filer on behalf of RBC QUBE Market Neutral World Equity Fund (the Proposed Fund), a mutual fund that is currently offered for sale in Canada pursuant to an exemption from the prospectus requirements, but will be structured as an “alternative mutual fund” within the meaning of National Instrument 81-102 Investment Funds (NI 81-102), and such alternative mutual funds as may be established in the future and for which the Filer or an affiliate of the Filer acts as investment fund manager (the Future Funds and together with the Proposed Fund, the Funds, and each a Fund), for a decision under the securities legislation of the Jurisdiction (the Legislation) that exempts the Funds from the following provisions of NI 81-102 (the Short Selling Restrictions), in order to permit the Funds to short sell securities up to 100% of a Fund’s net asset value (NAV):

(i) Subparagraph 2.6.1(1)(c)(v) which restricts an alternative mutual fund from selling a security short if, at the time, the aggregate market value of all securities sold short by the fund exceeds 50% of the fund’s net asset value (NAV); and

(ii) Section 2.6.2, which prohibits an alternative mutual fund from borrowing cash or selling securities short if, immediately after entering into a cash borrowing or short selling transaction, the aggregate value of cash borrowed combined with the aggregate market value of all securities sold short by the investment fund would exceed 50% of the fund’s NAV

(the Requested Relief).

Under the Process for Exemptive Relief Applications in Multiple Jurisdictions (for a passport application):

(i) the Ontario Securities Commission is the principal regulator for this application; and

(ii) the Filer has provided notice that subsection 4.7(1) of Multilateral Instrument 11-102 Passport System (MI 11- 102) is intended to be relied upon in each of the other provinces and territories of Canada (the Other Jurisdictions and together with the Jurisdiction, the Jurisdictions).

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8522

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

Interpretation

Terms defined in NI 81-102, National Instrument 14-101 Definitions, and MI 11-102 have the same meaning if used in this decision, unless otherwise defined.

Representations

This decision is based on the following facts represented by the Filer:

Background Facts

The Filer

1. The Filer is registered as an adviser in the category of portfolio manager and as a dealer in the category of exempt market dealer under the securities legislation of each of the Jurisdictions, is registered as an investment fund manager in each of British Columbia, Ontario, Québec and Newfoundland and Labrador and is also registered in Ontario as a commodity trading manager. The Filer’s head office is in Toronto, Ontario.

2. The Filer is the investment fund manager and portfolio manager, and an affiliate is the trustee of the Proposed Fund, and the Filer or an affiliate of the Filer, will be the trustee, investment fund manager and portfolio manager of the Future Funds. The Filer is not in default of applicable securities legislation in any of the Jurisdictions.

The Funds

3. Units of the Proposed Fund are currently offered pursuant to certain exemptions from the prospectus requirements of the securities legislation of the provinces and territories of Canada. The Proposed Fund is not in default of any of its obligations under the securities legislation of the Jurisdictions. The Filer intends to convert and structure the Proposed Fund as a public alternative mutual fund and units of the Proposed Fund will be offered pursuant to a simplified prospectus, annual information form and fund facts prepared in accordance with National Instrument 81-101 – Mutual Fund Prospectus Disclosure (NI 81-101).

4. The Future Funds will be mutual funds created under the laws of the Province of Ontario or British Columbia and will be governed by the provisions of NI 81-102, subject to any relief therefrom granted by the securities regulatory authorities. Each Fund will be an alternative mutual fund for purposes of NI 81-102.

5. Units of the Funds will be offered by simplified prospectus, annual information form and fund facts prepared in accordance with NI 81-101, or by a long form prospectus and ETF Facts prepared in accordance with National Instrument 41-101 – General Prospectus Requirements (NI 41-101) as applicable, (a Prospectus) filed in all of the Jurisdictions and each Fund will be a reporting issuer in each of the Jurisdictions.

6. The investment objectives of the Proposed Fund are to provide consistent absolute returns that are substantially independent of the performance of the global equity market. The Proposed Fund intends to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in securities of issuers listed on global equity markets which are expected to outperform comparable securities, while selling short an equivalent dollar amount of global equity securities which are expected to underperform (the Market-Neutral Strategy).

7. The proposed investment objective for each Future Fund will differ, but in each case, a core investment strategy as stated in the simplified prospectus or long form prospectus, as applicable, will make the extensive use of short selling an investment strategy that is available to the portfolio manager in order to achieve the investment objectives of the applicable Fund and the portfolio manager’s desired combination of long and short positions.

Reasons for the Requested Relief

8. Because the Proposed Fund employs the Market-Neutral Strategy that requires a constant level of 100% shorts, the Short-Selling Restrictions would prevent the Proposed Fund from achieving its investment objectives through physical short selling alone. The Proposed Fund would instead have to use some combination of physical and synthetic short selling through derivatives in order to achieve the desired short exposure. The Future Funds that have investment strategies that contemplate short selling in excess of 50% of their NAV will be similarly restricted by the Short-Selling Restrictions.

9. The Filer would like the flexibility to enter into physical short positions when doing so is in the best interests of the Funds and not be obliged to enter into short positions synthetically through the use of derivatives in order to achieve a Fund’s investment objectives or strategies.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8523

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

10. The underlying investment exposure between a physical short position and a synthetic short position is the same. The Funds would not be subject to any additional risks by entering a physical short position over a synthetic short position.

11. In addition, while there may be certain situations in which using a synthetic short position may preferable, physical shorts are typically less costly, because of the ability to execute trades with a larger number of counterparties, compared to a single counterparty for synthetic shorts. This can result in wider options for borrowing securities resulting in lower borrowing costs. Funds are also exposed to less counterparty risk than with a synthetic short position (e.g. counterparty default, counterparty insolvency, and premature termination of derivatives).

12. The Requested Relief would provide the Filer with the necessary flexibility to make timely trading decisions between physical short and synthetic short positions based on what is in the best interest of the Funds. The Filer, as a registrant and a fiduciary, is in the best position to determine whether the Funds should enter into a physical short position or a synthetic short position, depending on the surrounding circumstances. Accordingly, the Requested Relief would permit the Filer to engage in the most effective portfolio management available for the benefit of the Funds and their unitholders.

General

13. The Prospectus for each Fund will comply with the requirements of and applicable to alternative mutual funds, including cover page text box disclosure to highlight how the Funds differ from other mutual funds, and emphasize that the short selling strategies permitted by the Funds are outside the scope of NI 81-102 applicable to both alternative mutual funds and conventional mutual funds.

14. The Filer will determine each Fund’s risk rating using the Investment Risk Classification Methodology as set out in Appendix F of NI 81-102.

15. The investment strategies of each Fund will clearly disclose the short selling strategies of the Funds which are outside the scope of NI 81-102, including that the aggregate market value of all securities sold short by the Fund may exceed 50% of the Fund’s NAV. The Prospectus will also contain appropriate risk disclosure, alerting investors of any material risks associated with such investment strategies.

16. The investment strategies of each Fund will permit it to sell securities short, provided that at the time the Fund sells a security short (a) the aggregate market value of securities of any one issuer (other than “government securities” as defined in NI 81-102) sold short by the Fund does not exceed 10% of the Fund’s NAV, and (b) the aggregate market value of all securities sold short by the Fund does not exceed 100% of its NAV.

17. The investment strategies of each Fund will permit the Fund to enter into a cash borrowing or short selling transaction, provided that at the time a Fund sells a security short, the aggregate value of cash borrowed combined with the aggregate market value of the securities sold short by the Fund does not exceed 100% of the Fund’s net asset value, or such other percentage required to achieve the investment objectives of the Fund.

18. The investment strategies of each Fund will permit the Fund to borrow cash, enter into specified derivative transactions or sell securities short, provided that immediately after entering into a cash borrowing, specified derivative or short selling transaction, the aggregate value of cash borrowed combined with the aggregate market value of all securities sold short by the Fund and the aggregate notional amount of the Fund’s specified derivatives positions (other than positions held for hedging purposes, as defined in NI 81-102) would not exceed 300% of the Fund’s NAV (the Leverage Limit). If the Leverage Limit is exceeded, the Fund shall, as quickly as commercially reasonable, take all necessary steps to reduce the aggregate value of cash borrowed combined with the aggregate market value of securities sold short and aggregate notional amount of the Fund’s specified derivatives position to be within the Leverage Limit, in compliance with section 2.9.1 of NI 81-102.

19. Any physical short position entered into by a Fund will be consistent with the investment objectives and strategies of the applicable Fund.

20. Each Fund will implement the following controls when conducting a short sale

(a) The Fund will assume the obligation to return to the borrowing agent the securities borrowed to effect the short sale;

(b) The Fund will receive cash for the securities sold short within normal trading settlement periods for the market in which the short sale is effected;

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8524

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(d) The security interest provided by the Fund over any of its assets that is required to enable the Fund to effect a short sale transaction is made in accordance with section 6.8.1 of NI 81-102 and will otherwise be made in accordance with industry practice for that type of transaction and relates only to obligations arising under such short sale transaction;

(e) The Fund will maintain appropriate internal controls regarding short sales, including written policies and procedures for the conduct of short sales, risk management controls and proper books and records; and

(f) The Filer and each Fund will keep proper books and records of short sales and all of its assets deposited with borrowing agents as security.

21. The Filer believes that it is in the best interests of the Funds to be permitted to engage in physical short selling in excess of the current limits set out in NI 81-102 applicable to alternative mutual funds.

22. Based on the foregoing, we respectfully submit that it would not be prejudicial to the public interest for the Commission to grant the Exemption Sought.

Decision

The decision of the principal regulator under the Legislation is that the Exemption Sought is granted provided that:

1. A Fund may sell a security short or borrow cash only if, immediately after the transaction:

(a) the aggregate market value of all securities sold short by the Fund does not exceed 100% of the Fund’s NAV;

(b) the aggregate value of cash borrowing by the Fund does not exceed 50% of the Fund’s NAV; and

(c) the aggregate market value of securities sold short by the Fund combined with the aggregate value of cash borrowing by the Fund does not exceed 100% of the Fund’s NAV.

2. Each short sale made by a Fund will otherwise comply with all of the short sale requirements applicable to alternative mutual funds under section 2.6.1 and 2.6.2 of NI 81-102.

3. A Fund’s aggregate exposure to short selling, cash borrowing and specified derivatives will not exceed the Leverage Limit.

4. Each short sale will be made consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies.

5. Each Fund’s Prospectus will disclose that the Fund can short sell securities in an amount up to 100% of the Fund’s NAV, including the material terms of this decision.

“Darren McKall” Manager, Investment Funds and Structured Products ONTARIO SECURITIES COMMISSION

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8525

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

2.1.3 CI Investments Inc. et al.

Headnote

National Policy 11-203 Process for Exemptive Relief Applications in Multiple Jurisdictions – approval of investment fund mergers – approval required because mergers do not meet the criteria for pre-approved reorganizations and transfers in National Instrument 81-102 Investment Funds – certain terminating funds and continuing funds do not have substantially similar fundamental investment objectives – certain mergers will not be a “qualifying exchange” or a tax-deferred transaction under the Income Tax Act (Canada) – certain merger will require significant portfolio realignment of the terminating fund – mergers otherwise comply with pre-approval criteria, including securityholder vote, IRC approval – securityholders provided with timely and adequate disclosure regarding the mergers.

Applicable Legislative Provisions

National Instrument 81-102 Investment Funds, ss. 5.5(1)(b), 5.7(1)(b) and 19.1(2).

October 24, 2019 IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF ONTARIO (the Jurisdiction)

AND

IN THE MATTER OF THE PROCESS FOR EXEMPTIVE RELIEF APPLICATIONS IN MULTIPLE JURISDICTIONS

AND

IN THE MATTER OF CI INVESTMENTS INC. (the Filer)

AND

CAMBRIDGE CANADIAN GROWTH COMPANIES FUND CI AMERICAN EQUITY FUND CI CAN-AM SMALL CAP CORPORATE CLASS CI GLOBAL SMALL COMPANIES CORPORATE CLASS CI GLOBAL SMALL COMPANIES FUND HARBOUR CANADIAN DIVIDEND FUND HARBOUR CORPORATE CLASS HARBOUR GLOBAL EQUITY CORPORATE CLASS HARBOUR GLOBAL EQUITY FUND HARBOUR GLOBAL GROWTH & INCOME CORPORATE CLASS HARBOUR VOYAGEUR CORPORATE CLASS LAWRENCE PARK STRATEGIC INCOME FUND MARRET HIGH YIELD BOND FUND SENTRY ALTERNATIVE ASSET INCOME FUND SENTRY CANADIAN BOND FUND SENTRY CONSERVATIVE MONTHLY INCOME FUND SENTRY DIVERSIFIED EQUITY FUND SENTRY ENERGY FUND SENTRY GLOBAL TACTICAL FIXED INCOME PRIVATE POOL SIGNATURE GOLD CORPORATE CLASS (each, a Terminating Fund, and collectively, the Terminating Funds)

DECISION

Background

The principal regulator in the Jurisdiction has received an application from the Filer on behalf of the Terminating Funds for a decision under the securities legislation of the Jurisdiction (the Legislation) approving the proposed mergers (each, a Merger,

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8526

Decisions, Orders and Rulings and collectively, the Mergers) of each of the Terminating Funds into the applicable Continuing Fund (each as defined below) pursuant to paragraph 5.5(1)(b) of National Instrument 81-102 Investment Funds (NI 81-102) (the Approval Sought).

Under the Process for Exemptive Relief Applications in Multiple Jurisdictions (for a passport application):

1. the Ontario Securities Commission is the principal regulator for this application; and

2. the Filer has provided notice that subsection 4.7(1) of Multilateral Instrument 11-102 Passport System (MI 11-102) is intended to be relied upon in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (together with Ontario, the Canadian Jurisdictions).

Interpretation

Terms defined in National Instrument 14-101 Definitions and MI 11-102 have the same meaning if used in this decision, unless otherwise defined. The following additional terms shall have the following meanings:

Continuing Corporate Fund means each of Cambridge Growth Companies Corporate, CI Canadian Investment Corporate Class, CI Global Value Corporate Class and Signature Global Income & Growth Corporate Class;

Continuing Fund means each of Cambridge Growth Companies Fund, Sentry U.S. Growth and Income Fund, Sentry Growth and Income Fund, CI Global Value Fund, CI Investment Grade Bond Fund, Signature High Yield Bond II Fund, Signature Diversified Yield II Fund, Signature Core Bond Plus Fund, Portfolio Series Income Fund, Sentry All Cap Income Fund, CI Global Unconstrained Bond Private Pool, Cambridge Growth Companies Corporate Class, CI Canadian Investment Corporate Class, CI Global Value Corporate Class, Signature Global Income & Growth Corporate Class, Signature Global Energy Corporate Class and Sentry Precious Metals Class;

Continuing Trust Fund means each of Cambridge Growth Companies Fund, Sentry U.S. Growth and Income Fund, Sentry Growth and Income Fund, CI Global Value Fund, CI Investment Grade Bond Fund, Signature High Yield Bond II Fund, Signature Diversified Yield II Fund, Signature Core Bond Plus Fund, Portfolio Series Income Fund, Sentry All Cap Income Fund and CI Global Unconstrained Bond Private Pool;

Corporation means CI Corporate Class Limited;

Fund means each of the Terminating Funds and the Continuing Funds;

Income Tax Act means the Income Tax Act (Canada);

IRC means the independent review committee for the Funds;

Sentry Funds means each of Sentry U.S. Growth and Income Fund, Sentry Growth and Income Fund, Sentry Alternative Asset Income Fund, Sentry Canadian Bond Fund, Sentry Conservative Monthly Income Fund, Sentry Diversified Equity Fund, Sentry All Cap Income Fund, Sentry Energy Fund, Sentry Global Tactical Fixed Income Private Pool and Sentry Precious Metals Class;

Terminating Corporate Fund means each of CI Can-Am Small Cap Corporate Class, CI Global Small Companies Corporate Class, Harbour Corporate Class, Harbour Global Equity Corporate Class, Harbour Global Growth & Income Corporate Class, Harbour Voyageur Corporate Class and Signature Gold Corporate Class; and

Terminating Trust Fund means each of Cambridge Canadian Growth Companies Fund, CI American Equity Fund, Harbour Canadian Dividend Fund, Harbour Global Equity Fund, Lawrence Park Strategic Income Fund, Marret High Yield Bond Fund, Sentry Alternative Asset Income Fund, Sentry Canadian Bond Fund, Sentry Conservative Monthly Income Fund, Sentry Diversified Equity Fund, Sentry Global Tactical Fixed Income Private Pool, Sentry Energy Fund and CI Global Small Companies Fund.

Representations

This decision is based on the following facts represented by the Filer:

The Filer and the Funds

1. The Filer is a corporation amalgamated under the laws of Ontario. The Filer is registered as follows:

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8527

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

(a) under the securities legislation of all provinces and territories as a portfolio manager;

(b) under the securities legislation of Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador as an investment fund manager;

(d) under the Commodity Futures Act (Ontario) as a commodity trading counsel and a commodity trading manager.

2. The Filer is the manager of each Fund.

3. Each Terminating Trust Fund and each Continuing Trust Fund is an open-end mutual fund trust governed by a declaration of trust.

4. Each of the Terminating Corporate Funds, Continuing Corporate Funds and Signature Global Energy Corporate Class is an open-end mutual fund comprised of two or more classes of convertible special shares of the Corporation.

5. Sentry Precious Metals Class is an open-end mutual fund comprised of a class of mutual fund shares, divided into multiple series, of Sentry Corporate Class Ltd.

6. Neither the Filer nor the Funds are in default of securities legislation in any of the Canadian Jurisdictions.

7. Each Fund is a reporting issuer under the securities legislation of the Canadian Jurisdictions and is subject to the requirements of NI 81-102 and National Instrument 81-101 Mutual Fund Prospectus Disclosure.

8. Each Fund follows the standard investment restrictions and practices established under the securities legislation of the Canadian Jurisdictions, except to the extent that the Funds have received an exemption from the securities regulatory authority of a Canadian Jurisdiction to deviate therefrom.

9. Other than the Sentry Funds, each Fund currently distributes its securities in the Canadian Jurisdictions pursuant to a simplified prospectus and annual information form dated August 2, 2019, as amended. Each Sentry Fund currently distributes its securities in the Canadian Jurisdictions pursuant to a simplified prospectus and annual information form dated June 25, 2019, as amended.

Reason for Approval Sought

10. Regulatory approval of the Mergers is required because none of the Mergers satisfy all of the criteria for pre-approved reorganizations and transfers set out in section 5.6 of NI 81-102. In particular,

(a) in respect of each of Merger 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 20 (each as defined below), a reasonable person may not consider the Terminating Fund to have a substantially similar fundamental investment objective as its corresponding Continuing Fund;

(b) none of Merger 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 or 20 (each as defined below) will be a “qualifying exchange” within the meaning of section 132.2 of the Income Tax Act or a tax-deferred transaction under subsection 85(1), 85.1(1), 86(1) or 87(1) of the Income Tax Act; and

(c) in respect of Merger 5, the portfolio of CI Global Small Companies Fund is expected to require significant realignment prior to the Merger.

11. Other than the criteria described in paragraph 10, each Merger complies with all the other criteria for pre-approved reorganizations and transfers set out in section 5.6 of NI 81-102.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8528

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

The Mergers

12. The Filer intends to merge each Terminating Fund into the Continuing Fund shown opposite its name in the table below:

Terminating Fund Continuing Fund

“Merger 1” Cambridge Canadian Growth Companies Cambridge Growth Companies Fund (to be Fund renamed Cambridge Global Smaller Companies Fund)

“Merger 2” CI American Equity Fund Sentry U.S. Growth and Income Fund

“Merger 3” CI Can-Am Small Cap Corporate Class Cambridge Growth Companies Corporate Class (to be renamed Cambridge Global Smaller Companies Corporate Class)

“Merger 4” CI Global Small Companies Corporate Cambridge Growth Companies Corporate Class Class (to be renamed Cambridge Global Smaller Companies Corporate Class)

“Merger 5” CI Global Small Companies Fund Cambridge Growth Companies Fund (to be renamed Cambridge Global Smaller Companies Fund)

“Merger 6” Harbour Canadian Dividend Fund Sentry Growth and Income Fund (to be renamed CI North American Dividend Fund)

“Merger 7” Harbour Corporate Class CI Canadian Investment Corporate Class

“Merger 8” Harbour Global Equity Corporate Class CI Global Value Corporate Class

“Merger 9” Harbour Global Equity Fund CI Global Value Fund

“Merger 10” Harbour Global Growth & Income Signature Global Income & Growth Corporate Corporate Class Class

“Merger 11” Harbour Voyageur Corporate Class CI Canadian Investment Corporate Class

“Merger 12” Lawrence Park Strategic Income Fund CI Investment Grade Bond Fund

“Merger 13” Marret High Yield Bond Fund Signature High Yield Bond II Fund (to be renamed Signature High Yield Bond Fund)

“Merger 14” Sentry Alternative Asset Income Fund Signature Diversified Yield II Fund (to be renamed Signature Diversified Yield Fund)

“Merger 15” Sentry Canadian Bond Fund Signature Core Bond Plus Fund

“Merger 16” Sentry Conservative Monthly Income Fund Portfolio Series Income Fund

“Merger 17” Sentry Diversified Equity Fund Sentry All Cap Income Fund

“Merger 18” Sentry Energy Fund Signature Global Energy Corporate Class

“Merger 19” Sentry Global Tactical Fixed Income CI Global Unconstrained Bond Private Pool Private Pool

“Merger 20” Signature Gold Corporate Class Sentry Precious Metals Class

13. The proposed Mergers were announced in:

(a) a press release dated September 23, 2019;

(b) a material change report dated September 26, 2019; and

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8529

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

each of which has been filed on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR).

14. As required by National Instrument 81-107 Independent Review Committee for Investment Funds, the Filer presented the terms of the Mergers to the IRC for its review. The IRC determined that the Mergers, if implemented, will achieve a fair and reasonable result for each of the Funds.

15. The Filer is convening a special meeting of the securityholders of each Terminating Fund in order to seek the approval of the securityholders of the Terminating Fund to complete its Merger, as required by paragraph 5.1(1)(f) of NI 81-102. The meeting will be held on or about November 11, 2019.

16. The Filer has concluded that the Mergers are not material changes to the Continuing Funds, and accordingly, there is no intention to convene a meeting of securityholders of the Continuing Funds to approve the Mergers pursuant to paragraph 5.1(1)(g) of NI 81-102.

17. However, in accordance with corporate law requirements, securityholders of each Continuing Corporate Fund will be asked to approve an amendment to the articles of the Corporation in connection with the exchange of securities for the applicable Continuing Corporate Fund related to its Merger at a special meeting to be held on or about November 11, 2019 (together with the special meetings referred to in paragraph 15, the Meetings).

18. By way of order dated July 28, 2017, the Filer was granted relief (the Notice-and-Access Relief) from the requirement set out in paragraph 12.2(2)(a) of National Instrument 81-106 Investment Fund Continuous Disclosure to send a printed management information circular to securityholders while proxies are being solicited, and, subject to certain conditions, instead allows a notice-and-access document (as described in the Notice-and-Access Relief) to be sent to such securityholders. In accordance with the Filer’s standard of care owed to the Funds pursuant to securities legislation, the Filer will only use the notice-and-access procedure for a particular meeting where it has concluded it is appropriate and consistent with the purposes of notice-and-access (as described in the Companion Policy to NI 54-101 Communication with Beneficial Owners of Securities of a Reporting Issuer) to do so, also taking into account the purpose of the meeting and whether the Funds would obtain a better participation rate by sending the management information circular with the other proxy-related materials.

19. Pursuant to requirements of the Notice-and-Access Relief, a notice-and-access document and applicable proxies in connection with the Meetings, along with the fund facts document(s) of the Continuing Fund, were mailed to securityholders on October 11, 2019 and were concurrently filed via SEDAR. The management information circular (the Circular), which the notice-and-access document provides a link to, was also concurrently filed via SEDAR.

20. If all required approvals for a Merger are obtained, it is intended that the Merger will occur after the close of business on or about November 22, 2019, other than a Merger involving a Terminating Corporate Fund, which is expected to occur after the close of business on or about April 3, 2020 (the Effective Date). The Filer therefore anticipates that each securityholder of a Terminating Fund will become a securityholder of its Continuing Fund after the close of business on the Effective Date. Each Terminating Fund will be wound-up as soon as reasonably possible following its Merger.

21. The tax implications of the Mergers as well as the differences between the investment objectives and other features of the Terminating Funds and the Continuing Funds and the IRC’s recommendation of the Mergers are described in the Circular, so that securityholders may make an informed decision before voting on whether to approve the Mergers. The Circular will also describe the various ways in which securityholders can obtain a copy of the simplified prospectus, annual information forms and fund facts documents for the Continuing Funds and their most recent interim and annual financial statements and management reports of fund performance.

22. When considering a merger of two or more funds, the Filer undertakes a process to ensure its fund line up meets the changing needs of investors. Once the Filer determines it is appropriate to no longer continue offering a particular mandate, the Filer selects the appropriate continuing fund to receive the assets of the terminating fund by considering both qualitative and quantitative factors. The qualitative factors considered include the comparability of investment objectives, investment strategies, risk ratings, investment philosophies and portfolio construction. When considering quantitative factors, the Filer reviews fund performance, the investment performance correlation between the potential terminating funds and continuing funds, any overlap in investment holdings, the asset / sector / geographic allocation of each fund, fees for each class or series, the difference in assets under management between the funds, a taxation analysis at both the fund and securityholder levels and any unique factors that would be applicable for the particular merger. Once each of these items has been reviewed, the Filer formalizes the analysis and recommends a continuing fund with which to proceed forward.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8530

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

23. Securityholders of each Terminating Fund will continue to have the right to redeem securities of the Terminating Fund at any time up to the close of business on the Effective Date. Following each Merger, all optional plans (including pre- authorized purchase programs, automatic withdrawal plans, systematic switch programs and automatic rebalancing services) which were established with respect to the Terminating Fund will be re-established in comparable plans with respect to its Continuing Fund, unless securityholders advise otherwise.

24. The costs of effecting the Mergers (consisting primarily of legal and regulatory fees, and proxy solicitation, printing and mailing costs) will be borne by the Filer.

25. No sales charges will be payable by securityholders of the Funds in connection with the Mergers.

26. Securities of the applicable Continuing Funds received by securityholders of the Terminating Funds as a result of the Mergers will have the same sales charge option and, for securities purchased under a deferred sales charge option, the same remaining deferred sales charge schedule, as their securities in the Terminating Funds.

27. The investment portfolio and other assets of each Terminating Fund to be acquired by the applicable Continuing Fund in order to effect the Mergers are currently, or will be, acceptable, on or prior to the Effective Date, to the portfolio manager(s) of the applicable Continuing Fund and are, or will be, consistent with the investment objective of the applicable Continuing Fund.

28. Securities of the Continuing Funds are, and are expected to continue to be at all material times, "qualified investments" under the Income Tax Act for registered retirement savings plans, registered retirement income funds, deferred profit sharing plans, registered education savings plans, registered disability savings plans and tax free savings accounts.

29. Should a Merger receive all required approvals, the right of securityholders to purchase, switch or redeem their securities of the Terminating Fund will cease as of the close of business on the Effective Date.

Merger Steps

30. Due to the different structures of the Funds, the procedures for implementing the Mergers will vary. The specific steps, taking into account the particular features of each Fund, to implement each Merger are as follows:

(a) With respect to the Merger of a Terminating Trust Fund into a Continuing Trust Fund (i.e., Mergers 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 19):

(i) Prior to the Merger, if required, the Terminating Trust Fund will sell any securities in its portfolio that do not meet the investment objective and investment strategies of the Continuing Trust Fund. As a result, the Terminating Trust Fund may temporarily hold cash or money market instruments and may not be fully invested in accordance with its investment objective for a brief period of time prior to the Merger being effected.

(ii) The value of the Terminating Trust Fund’s investment portfolio and other assets will be determined at the close of business on the Effective Date in accordance with the declaration of trust of the Terminating Trust Fund.

(iii) In respect of tax-deferred Mergers, each of the Terminating Trust Fund and the Continuing Trust Fund may declare, pay and automatically reinvest a distribution to its securityholders of net realized capital gains and net income, if any, to ensure that it will not be subject to tax for its current tax year.

(iv) In respect of taxable Mergers, each of the Terminating Trust Fund and the Continuing Trust Fund may declare, pay and automatically reinvest a distribution to its securityholders of net realized capital gains and net income, if any. For the Terminating Fund, this will ensure that it will not be subject to tax for its current tax year, and for the Terminating Fund’s securityholders, this will also ensure that they will not be subject to tax on any income generated in the Continuing Fund prior to the Merger.

(v) The Terminating Trust Fund will transfer substantially all of its assets to the Continuing Trust Fund. In return, the Continuing Trust Fund will issue to the Terminating Trust Fund units of the Continuing Trust Fund having an aggregate net asset value equal to the value of the assets transferred to the Continuing Trust Fund.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8531

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(vi) The Continuing Trust Fund will not assume liabilities of the Terminating Trust Fund and the Terminating Trust Fund will retain sufficient assets to satisfy its estimated liabilities, if any, as of the Effective Date.

(vii) Immediately thereafter, units of the Continuing Trust Fund received by the Terminating Trust Fund will be distributed to securityholders of the Terminating Trust Fund in exchange for their securities in the Terminating Trust Fund on a dollar-for-dollar and class-by-class basis (the term “class” as used herein also includes series).

(viii) The Terminating Trust Fund will be wound-up within 30 days following its Merger.

(b) With respect to the Merger of a Terminating Corporate Fund into a Continuing Corporate Fund (i.e., Mergers 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 11):

(i) Prior to the Merger, if required, the Corporation will sell any securities in the portfolio underlying the Terminating Corporate Fund that do not meet the investment objective and investment strategies of the Continuing Corporate Fund. As a result, the portfolio underlying the Terminating Corporate Fund may temporarily hold cash or money market instruments and may not be fully invested in accordance with its investment objective for a brief period of time prior to the Merger being effected.

(ii) The value of the Terminating Corporate Fund’s investment portfolio and other assets will be determined at the close of business on the Effective Date in accordance with the articles of incorporation of the Terminating Corporate Fund.

(iii) The Corporation may declare, pay and automatically reinvest ordinary dividends or capital gains dividends to securityholders of the Terminating Corporate Fund and/or the Continuing Corporate Fund, as determined by the Filer at the time of the Merger.

(iv) Each outstanding share of the Terminating Corporate Fund will be exchanged for share(s) of its equivalent class of the Continuing Corporate Fund based on their relative net asset values.

(v) The assets and liabilities of the Corporation attributed to the Terminating Corporate Fund will be reallocated to the Continuing Corporate Fund.

(vi) The articles of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, will be further amended so that all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Terminating Corporate Fund will be exchanged for shares of the Continuing Corporate Fund on a dollar-for-dollar and class-by-class basis, so that securityholders of the Terminating Corporate Fund become securityholders of the Continuing Corporate Fund and so that the shares of the Terminating Corporate Fund are cancelled.

(c) With respect to the Merger of a Sentry Energy Fund into Signature Global Energy Corporate Class (i.e. a class of the Corporation) and the Merger of Signature Gold Corporate Class (i.e. a class of the Corporation) into Sentry Precious Metals Class (i.e. a class of Sentry Corporate Class Ltd.) (i.e. Mergers 18 and 20):

(i) Prior to the Merger, if required, the Terminating Fund or the Corporation (in respect of Signature Gold Corporate Class), as applicable, will sell any securities in the Terminating Fund’s portfolio that do not meet the investment objective and investment strategies of the Continuing Fund. As a result, the Terminating Fund may temporarily hold cash or money market instruments and may not be fully invested in accordance with its investment objective for a brief period of time prior to the Merger being effected.

(ii) The value of the Terminating Fund’s investment portfolio and other assets will be determined at the close of business on the Effective Date in accordance with the constating documents of the Terminating Fund.

(iii) In respect of Merger 18, Sentry Energy Fund may declare, pay and automatically reinvest a distribution to its securityholders of net realized capital gains and net income, if any, to ensure that it will not be subject to tax for its current tax year.

(iv) In respect of Merger 18, the Corporation may declare, pay and automatically reinvest ordinary dividends or capital gains dividends to securityholders of the Continuing Fund, as determined by the Filer at the time of the Merger.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8532

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

(v) In respect of Merger 20, the Corporation may declare, pay and automatically reinvest ordinary dividends or capital gains dividends to securityholders of the Terminating Fund, as determined by the Filer at the time of the Merger.

(vi) In respect of Merger 20, Sentry Corporate Class Ltd. may declare, pay and automatically reinvest ordinary dividends or capital gains dividends to securityholders of the Continuing Fund, as determined by the Filer at the time of the Merger.

(vii) The Corporation or Sentry Corporate Class Ltd., as applicable, will acquire substantially all of the assets of the Terminating Fund. In return, the Corporation or Sentry Corporate Class Ltd., as applicable, will issue to the relevant Terminating Fund shares of the Continuing Fund having an aggregate net asset value equal to the value of the assets transferred to the Corporation or Sentry Corporate Class Ltd., as applicable.

(viii) Neither the Corporation, Sentry Corporate Class Ltd. nor the Continuing Fund will assume the liabilities of the Terminating Fund, and the Terminating Fund will retain sufficient assets to satisfy its estimated liabilities, if any, as of the Effective Date.

(ix) Immediately thereafter, shares of the Continuing Fund received by the Terminating Fund will be distributed to securityholders of the Terminating Fund in exchange for their securities in the Terminating Fund on a dollar-for-dollar and class-by-class basis (the term “class” as used herein also includes series).

(x) The Terminating Fund will be wound-up within 30 days following its Merger.

(xi) In respect of Merger 20, the articles of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, will be further amended so that all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Terminating Fund are cancelled.

31. Although the procedures for implementing the Mergers will vary, the result of each Merger will be that investors in each Terminating Fund will cease to be securityholders of the Terminating Fund and will become securityholders of its Continuing Fund, and the Continuing Funds will continue as publicly-offered open-end mutual funds.

Benefits of the Mergers

32. In the opinion of the Filer, the Mergers will be beneficial to securityholders of the Funds for the following reasons:

(a) It is expected that the Mergers will result in a more streamlined and simplified product line-up with less duplication that is easier for investors to understand;

(b) Following the Mergers, each Continuing Fund will have more assets, thereby allowing for increased portfolio diversification opportunities and a smaller proportion of assets set aside for fund redemptions;

(d) The management fee and administration fee with respect to each class of each Continuing Fund will be the same as (and, in certain cases, lower than) the management fee and administration fee that are currently payable by securityholders of the corresponding class of the applicable Terminating Fund.

33. In addition to the reasons set out in paragraph 32, the Filer believes that, in respect of Mergers 4, 9, 10 and 11, securityholders of each Terminating Fund will benefit by moving to a Continuing Fund with a much larger net asset value while retaining a substantially similar investment mandate and an identical (and, in certain cases, a lower) fee structure.

34. In addition to the reasons set out in paragraph 32, the Filer believes that in respect of Merger 19, securityholders of Sentry Global Tactical Fixed Income Private Pool, which currently does not qualify as a mutual fund trust under the Income Tax Act, will benefit by moving to a Continuing Fund that qualifies as such, with a much larger net asset value, while retaining a substantially similar investment mandate and a lower fee structure. 35. In addition to the reasons set out in paragraph 32, the Filer believes that in respect of Merger 13, securityholders of Marret High Yield Bond Fund, which currently does not qualify as a mutual fund trust under the Income Tax Act, will benefit by moving to a Continuing Fund that qualifies as such, with a much larger net asset value and an identical fee structure.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8533

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

Taxable Mergers

36. The Filer has also determined that it would not be appropriate to effect certain Mergers (namely Mergers 9, 12, 14, 15 and 18, where the Filer could have elected otherwise) as a "qualifying exchange" within the meaning of section 132.2 of the Income Tax Act or as a tax-deferred transaction for the following reasons: (i) the Terminating Trust Fund will utilize its loss carryforwards to shelter net capital gains that could arise for it on the taxable disposition of its portfolio assets pursuant to the Merger; (ii) to the extent that securityholders in the Terminating Trust Fund have an accrued capital loss on their securities, effecting the Merger on a taxable basis will afford them the opportunity to realize that loss and use it against current capital gains or even carry it forward or back as permitted under the Income Tax Act; (iii) effecting the Merger on a taxable basis would preserve the net losses and loss carryforwards in the Continuing Trust Fund; and/or (iv) effecting the Merger on a taxable basis will have no other tax impact on the Continuing Trust Fund.

Decision

The principal regulator is satisfied that the decision meets the test set out in the Legislation for the principal regulator to make the decision.

The decision of the principal regulator under the Legislation is that the Approval Sought is granted, provided that the Filer obtains the prior approval of the securityholders of the Terminating Funds and Continuing Corporate Funds at special meetings held for that purpose.

“Neeti Varma” Investment Funds and Structured Products Branch Ontario Securities Commission

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8534

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

2.2 Orders

2.2.1 Donna Hutchinson et al. – s. 127(1)

File No. 2017-54

IN THE MATTER OF DONNA HUTCHINSON, CAMERON EDWARD CORNISH, DAVID PAUL GEORGE SIDDERS and PATRICK JELF CARUSO

Timothy Moseley, Vice-Chair and Chair of the Panel

October 23, 2019

ORDER (Subsection 127(1) of the Securities Act, RSO 1990, c. S.5)

WHEREAS following a hearing held on February 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, March 20, and June 10 and 12, 2019, the Ontario Securities Commission issued its Reasons and Decision dated October 23, 2019, in which it found that the respondent Cameron Edward Cornish contravened Ontario securities law;

IT IS ORDERED THAT unless otherwise ordered by the Commission on written request of Staff of the Commission or Cornish, filed on or before November 1, 2019, the hearing with respect to a sanctions and costs order against Cornish shall be held in writing according to the following schedule:

a. on or before November 29, 2019, Staff shall file with the Registrar affidavit evidence as to costs, and written submissions as to sanctions and costs;

b. Cornish shall file responding materials, if any, on or before December 13, 2019; and

c. Staff shall file reply materials, if any, on or before January 10, 2020.

“Timothy Moseley”

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8535

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

2.2.2 Boliden AB

Headnote

National Policy 11-206 Process for Cease to be a Reporting Issuer Applications – Application by a reporting issuer for an order that it is not a reporting issuer in the jurisdictions of Canada – Issuer is a public company governed by the Swedish Companies Act and its securities are traded only on a market or exchange outside of Canada – Based on diligent inquiry, residents of Canada (i) do not directly or indirectly beneficially own more than 2% of each class or series of outstanding securities of the issuer worldwide, and (ii) do not directly or indirectly comprise more than 2% of the total number of securityholders of the issuer worldwide – Issuer has provided notice through a press release that it has submitted an application to cease to be a reporting issuer in the jurisdictions of Canada – Issuer will deliver to Canadian securityholders continuous disclosure documents required to be prepared under Swedish securities laws.

Applicable Legislative Provisions

Securities Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.5, as am., s. 1(10)(a)(ii). National Policy 11-206 Process for Cease to be a Reporting Issuer Applications.

October 25, 2019

IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF ONTARIO (THE JURISDICTION)

AND

IN THE MATTER OF THE PROCESS FOR CEASE TO BE A REPORTING ISSUER APPLICATIONS

AND

IN THE MATTER OF BOLIDEN AB (THE FILER)

ORDER

Background

The principal regulator in the Jurisdiction has received an application from the Filer for an order under the securities legislation of the Jurisdiction of the principal regulator (the Legislation) that the Filer has ceased to be a reporting issuer in all jurisdictions of Canada in which it is a reporting issuer (the Order Sought).

Under the Process for Cease to be a Reporting Issuer Applications (for a passport application):

(a) the Ontario Securities Commission is the principal regulator for this application, and

(b) the Filer has provided notice that subsection 4C.5(1) of Multilateral Instrument 11-102 Passport System (MI 11-102) is intended to be relied upon in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador.

Interpretation

Terms defined in National Instrument 14-101 Definitions and MI 11-102 have the same meaning if used in this order, unless otherwise defined.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8536

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

Representations

This order is based on the following facts represented by the Filer:

1. The Filer is a company governed by the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551) with company registration number 556051-4142.

2. The Filer is a metal mining company engaged in the exploration, mining, smelting, and recycling of metals with a main focus on zinc-, copper-, lead-, gold- and silver-bearing ores.

3. The Filer’s head office is located at Klarabergsviadukten 90, P.O. Box 44, SE-101 20 Stockholm, Sweden. The Company maintains no office and has no employees in Canada.

4. As of September 30, 2019, the Filer’s issued capital is 273,511,169 shares with a nominal value of SEK 2.12 each (each, a “Share”). All Shares have the same voting power and grants the same entitlement to dividends. The Filer has no other securities outstanding except for the Shares. The share capital of the Filer totals SEK 578,914,338.

5. The Filer has no debt obligations other than ordinary course trade payables, external bank credit facilities and bonds. The Filer has issued two corporate bonds in the Swedish capital markets. The first bond (SEK 500 million) was issued in 2014 and the second bond (SEK 750 million) was issued in 2019 (the “Bond Offering”). Marketing of the Bond Offerings only targeted local (Nordic) markets, which is further highlighted by the raised volumes being in Swedish Kronor (SEK). Residents of Canada do not directly own any of the outstanding debt issued pursuant to the Bond Offerings and, to the knowledge of the Filer, residents of Canada do not beneficially own any of the outstanding debt issued pursuant to the Bond Offerings.

6. The Shares have been listed on the NASDAQ Stockholm Exchange (the “NSE”), segment Large Cap, under the trading symbol “BOL” since December 5, 2001.

7. In 1997, the Shares were listed on the TSX and the Filer became a reporting issuer in certain Canadian jurisdictions.

8. The Filer’s securities have only been listed on the NSE and the TSX.

9. The Filer is not a reporting issuer in any jurisdiction in Canada other than Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador.

10. The Filer had discussions with the TSX regarding a voluntary delisting of its Shares from the TSX and the TSX delisted the Shares on or about April 23, 2013.

11. The Filer is subject to all applicable corporate requirements of a company formed in Sweden and the applicable securities laws and rules of the NSE. The Filer is not in default of any requirements of Swedish law or the rules or requirements of the NSE applicable to it.

12. The Filer is not in default of securities legislation in any jurisdiction of Canada.

13. The Filer is unable to rely on the simplified procedure set out in NP 11-206 to seek an order that it is not a reporting issuer in the applicable jurisdictions of Canada as the Filer has, among other things, more than 50 securityholders worldwide.

14. The Filer is a non-U.S. issuer incorporated or organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and listed on a major foreign exchange. As the Filer (i) meets the 2% test regarding the Filer’s securityholder base in Canada and (ii) can demonstrate that its Canadian securityholders will receive adequate continuous disclosure under foreign securities law (both as described below), it is eligible to apply for the Order under the modified procedure set out in NP 11-206.

15. None of the Filer’s securities are listed, traded or quoted on a marketplace in Canada (as that term is defined in National Instrument 21-101 Marketplace Operation) and the Filer does not intend to have its securities listed, traded or quoted on any such marketplace in Canada.

16. The Filer has no material connection to Canada other than certain non-operating subsidiaries and a limited number of securityholders who are residents of Canada. In particular:

a) the Filer’s registered office is located in Sweden;

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8537

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

b) the Filer’s annual general meetings of securityholders take place outside of Canada and will continue to take place outside of Canada;

c) the Filer has no material assets or operations in Canada; and

d) none of the Filer’s directors, officers or employees are residents of Canada.

17. In support of the representations set forth below concerning the percentage of outstanding securities and the total number of security holders in Canada, the Filer has:

(a) undertaken a thorough and diligent examination of the Filer's list of shareholders (the Register) maintained by its counsel in Canada;

(b) undertaken a thorough and diligent examination of the Filer's share register (the “Registered Shareholder List”) maintained by Euroclear Sweden (“Euroclear”), the Swedish Securities Register Center;

(c) caused Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (Broadridge) to conduct a search (the Broadridge Search) to confirm the residency of the beneficial holders of the shares held through intermediaries who are clients of Broadridge; and

(d) undertaken a thorough and diligent examination of the Filer's non-objecting beneficial owner list.

18. Because the Filer does not have a Canadian transfer agent, the Filer is unable to confirm whether the holdings of the Canadian-resident nominee (“Canadian Nominee”) and the international resident nominees (the “International Nominees”) are reflected in the Broadridge Search.

19. Based on the information contained in the Register, and the information provided by Broadridge and Euroclear, the Filer estimates that there are 485 beneficial shareholders with a Canadian address holding 2,580,142 Shares.

20. As of September 30, 2019, there were 273,511,169 Shares issued and outstanding. Based on the information provided by Broadridge and Euroclear and the Filer’s estimates in paragraph 19 above, Canadian residents beneficially owned no more than 2,580,142 Shares, representing 0.943% of the total outstanding Shares.

21. To the knowledge of the Filer, residents of Canada do not directly or indirectly comprise more than 2% of the total number of shareholders of the Filer worldwide. The due diligence conducted by the Filer in support of the foregoing representation is as follows:

According to the Registered Shareholder List, as of September 30, 2019, there were 79,749 registered holders. Based on the Filer’s estimates referenced in paragraph 19 above, there were 485 beneficial shareholders with a Canadian address holding an aggregate of 2,580,142 Shares, and accordingly residents of Canada do not directly or indirectly comprise more than 0.608% of the total number of shareholders of the Filer.

22. Accordingly, based on the foregoing, as of September 30, 2019, residents of Canada do not:

(a) directly or indirectly beneficially own more than 2% of each class or series of outstanding securities (including debt securities) of the issuer worldwide; and

(b) directly or indirectly comprise more than 2% of the total number of securityholders of the issuer worldwide.

23. The Filer has no current intention to seek public or private financing by way of an offering of securities in any jurisdiction of Canada.

24. In the past 12 months, the Filer has not taken any steps that indicate there is a market for its securities in Canada and has not conducted a prospectus or private placement offering in Canada, nor has it established or maintained a listing on an exchange in Canada or had its securities traded on a marketplace or other facility in Canada for bringing together buyers and sellers where trading data is publicly reported. The Filer only attracted a de minimis number of Canadian investors and the Filer voluntarily delisted its Shares from the TSX on or about April 23, 2013. The Filer has no plans to seek a public offering of its securities in Canada or an offering pursuant to an exemption from the prospectus requirements of Canadian securities laws.

25. The Filer has not issued securities in Canada pursuant to a prospectus or an exemption from the prospectus requirements.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8538

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

26. The Filer files continuous disclosure reports under Swedish securities laws and follows the exchange requirements of the NSE. All such continuous disclosure documents of the Filer will be in the English language and publicly available to all of the Filer’s securityholders on the Filer’s website at www.boliden.com.

27. The Filer qualifies as a “designated foreign issuer” under National Instrument 71-102 - Continuous Disclosure and Other Exemptions Relating to Foreign Issuers (“NI 71-102”) and has relied on and complied with the exemptions from Canadian continuous disclosure requirements afforded to designated foreign issuers under Part 5 of NI 71-102.

28. The Filer has provided advanced notice to Canadian resident securityholders in a press release dated June 5, 2019 that it has applied to the OSC for an order stating that it is not a reporting issuer in the Jurisdictions and, if that order is made, the Filer will no longer be a reporting issuer in any jurisdiction in Canada.

29. The Filer undertakes to concurrently deliver to its Canadian security holders an English language version of all disclosure the Filer would be required under Swedish securities laws or exchange requirements to deliver to Swedish- resident securityholders.

30. Upon the receipt of the Order Sought, the Filer will no longer be a reporting issuer in any jurisdiction of Canada.

Order

The principal regulator is satisfied that the order meets the test set out in the Legislation for the principal regulator to make the order.

The decision of the principal regulator under the Legislation is that the Order Sought is granted.

“Heather Zordel” Commissioner

“Cecilia Williams” Commissioner

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8539

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

2.2.3 Endocan Solutions Inc. – s. 144

Headnote

Application by an issuer for a revocation of a cease trade order issued by the Commission – cease trade order issued because the issuer had failed to file certain continuous disclosure materials required by Ontario securities law – defaults subsequently remedied by bringing continuous disclosure filings up-to-date – cease trade order revoked.

Applicable Legislative Provisions

Securities Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.5, as am., ss. 127 and 144.

IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES ACT, R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER S. 5, AS AMENDED (the Act)

AND

IN THE MATTER OF ENDOCAN SOLUTIONS INC.

ORDER (Section 144 of the Act)

WHEREAS the securities of Endocan Solutions Inc. (formerly Worldwide Marijuana Inc.) (the Applicant) are subject to a cease trade order dated May 6, 2016, issued by the Director of the Ontario Securities Commission (the Commission) pursuant to paragraph 2 of subsection 127(1) of the Act (the Ontario Cease Trade Order) directing that all trading in the securities of the Applicant, whether direct or indirect, shall cease until the Ontario Cease Trade Order is revoked by the Director.

AND WHEREAS the Ontario Cease Trade Order was made because the Applicant was in default of certain filing requirements under Ontario securities law as described in the Ontario Cease Trade Order.

AND WHEREAS the Applicant has applied to the Commission under section 144 of the Act for a full revocation of the Ontario Cease Trade Order.

AND UPON the Applicant having represented to the Commission that:

1. The Applicant was incorporated on May 11, 2011 under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia).

2. The Applicant’s head office is located at 1400 – 1040 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1.

3. The Applicant is a junior development company in the marijuana sector.

4. The Applicant is a reporting issuer under the securities legislation of the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario (the Reporting Jurisdictions). The Applicant is not a reporting issuer in any other jurisdiction in Canada. The Applicant’s principal regulator is the British Columbia Securities Commission (the BCSC).

5. The Applicant’s authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares, without nominal or par value (the Common Shares). As of the date hereof, there are 2,323,855 Common Shares issued and outstanding.

6. The Applicant has no other securities, including debt securities, issued and outstanding.

7. The Common Shares were suspended from trading on the CSE on August 18, 2016. The Common Shares have not been and are not currently listed on any other exchange or market in Canada or elsewhere.

8. The Ontario Cease Trade Order was issued as a result of the Applicant’s failure to file its annual audited financial statements, the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) and related certifications of annual filings as required by National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in the Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings (NI 52-109) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015 (the 2015 Annual Filings).

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8540

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

9. The Applicant is also subject to a cease trade order issued by the BCSC dated May 3, 2016 (the BC Cease Trade Order) (collectively with the Ontario Cease Trade Order, the Cease Trade Orders).

10. The Applicant has concurrently applied to the BCSC for a full revocation of the BC Cease Trade Order.

11. Subsequent to the issuance of the Ontario Cease Trade Order, the Applicant failed to file in the Reporting Jurisdictions the following continuous disclosure documents within the prescribed time-frame in accordance with the requirements of applicable securities laws:

i. all audited annual financial statements, accompanying MD&A and related NI 52-109 certificates for the financial years ended October 31, 2016 to October 31, 2017; and

ii. all unaudited interim financial statements, accompanying MD&A and related NI 52-109 certificates for the interim periods ended January 31, 2016 through July 31, 2018.

12. Since the issuance of the Ontario Cease Trade Order, the Applicant has filed in the reporting Jurisdictions:

i. the consolidated audited financial statements, accompanying MD&A and related NI 52-109 certificates for each of the fiscal years ended October 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018; and

ii. the unaudited interim financial statements, accompanying MD&A and related NI 52-109 certificates for the interim periods ended January 31, 2018 and 2019, April 30, 2018 and 2019, and July 31, 2018 and 2019.

13. The Applicant has not filed unaudited interim financial statements, accompanying MD&A, and related NI 52- 109 certificates for the interim periods ended January 31, 2016 to July 31, 2017 (collectively the Outstanding Filings) and has requested the Commission to exercise its discretion in accordance with section 6 of National Policy 12-202 Revocation of a Compliance-related Cease Trade Order and elect not to require the Applicant to file the Outstanding Filings.

14. Except for the Outstanding Filings, the Applicant is (i) up to date with all of its continuous disclosure obligations; (ii) not in default of any requirements under applicable securities legislation or the rules and regulations made pursuant thereto in any of the Reporting Jurisdictions, except for the existence of the Cease Trade Orders and that it has not held its annual general shareholders meeting for 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018; and (iii) not in default of any of its obligations under the Ontario Cease Trade Order.

15. The Applicant has paid all outstanding activity, participation and late filing fees that are required to be paid.

16. The Applicant’s issuer profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) profile and issuer profile supplement on the System for Electronic Disclosure by Insiders (SEDI) are current and accurate.

17. Since the issuance of the Cease Trade Orders, there have not been any material changes in the business, operations or affairs of the Applicant that have not been disclosed to the public.

18. The Applicant has given the Commission a written undertaking that it will hold an annual meeting of its shareholders within three months after the date on which the Ontario Cease Trade Order is revoked.

19. Upon the issuance of this revocation order and concurrent revocation order from the BCSC, the Applicant will issue a news release announcing the revocation of the Cease Trade Orders and concurrently file the news release and related material change report on SEDAR.

AND UPON considering the application and the recommendation of the staff of the Commission;

AND UPON the Director being satisfied that it would not be prejudicial to the public interest to revoke the Ontario Cease Trade Order;

IT IS ORDERED pursuant to section 144 of the Act that the Ontario Cease Trade Order is revoked.

DATED at Toronto, Ontario on this 15th day of October, 2019.

“Marie-France Bourret” Manager, Corporate Finance Ontario Securities Commission

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8541

Decisions, Orders and Rulings

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8542

Chapter 3

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

3.1 OSC Decisions

3.1.1 Donna Hutchinson et al. – s. 127(1)

Citation: Hutchinson (Re), 2019 ONSEC 36 Date: October 23, 2019 File No. 2017-54

IN THE MATTER OF DONNA HUTCHINSON, CAMERON EDWARD CORNISH, DAVID PAUL GEORGE SIDDERS and PATRICK JELF CARUSO

REASONS AND DECISION (Subsection 127(1) of the Securities Act, RSO 1990, c S.5)

Hearing: February 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22; March 20; June 10 and 12, 2019 Decision: October 23, 2019 Panel: Timothy Moseley Vice-Chair and Chair of the Panel Appearances: Matthew Britton For Staff of the Commission Raphael T. Eghan Joseph Groia For David Paul George Sidders David Sischy James D.G. Douglas For Patrick Jelf Caruso Caitlin Sainsbury Ashley Thomassen No one appeared on behalf of Cameron Edward Cornish

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. OVERVIEW II. THE RESPONDENTS A. Hutchinson B. Cornish C. Caruso D. Sidders III. PRELIMINARY MATTERS A. Cornish’s failure to appear B. Motion by Caruso and Sidders to preclude Staff from relying on testimony given by Cornish during the investigation, in support of Staff’s case against Caruso and Sidders 1. Overview 2. Analysis C. Motion by Staff to preclude Caruso and Sidders from relying on Cornish’s compelled testimony 1. Overview 2. Analysis IV. ANALYSIS A. Evidentiary matters 1. Standard and burden of proof 2. Hearsay

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8543

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

3. Circumstantial evidence and inferences generally 4. Adverse inferences 5. Credibility and reliability of witnesses B. Analysis relevant to all transactions 1. The origin of the alleged scheme generally 2. Hutchinson’s access to information and her exchange of information for money 3. The Act’s prohibition against insider trading 4. The Act’s prohibition against tipping 5. Evidence of telephone communications 6. Definition of “material fact” 7. Proving knowledge of material facts 8. Special relationships 9. Patterns 10. Transfers of funds C. Quadra 1. The transaction: KGHM acquires Quadra 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Publicly available information 4. Price trends during the relevant time 5. Cornish 6. Caruso 7. Sidders D. Barrick/Newmont 1. The contemplated transaction: Barrick confidentially expresses interest in acquiring Newmont 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Publicly available information 4. Price trends during the relevant time 5. Cornish 6. Caruso 7. Sidders E. Rainy River 1. The transaction: New Gold acquires Rainy River 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Cornish F. Aurora 1. The transaction: Baytex acquires Aurora 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Publicly available information 4. Price trends during the relevant time 5. Cornish 6. Caruso 7. Sidders G. Osisko 1. The transaction: Agnico and Yamana acquire Osisko 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Publicly available information 4. Price trends during the relevant time 5. Cornish 6. Caruso H. Allergan 1. The transaction: Valeant proposes to merge with Allergan 2. Allergan was not a reporting issuer 3. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 4. Publicly available information 5. Price trends during the relevant time 6. Cornish 7. Caruso I. Tim Hortons 1. The transaction: Burger King acquires Tim Hortons 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Publicly available information 4. Price trends during the relevant time 5. Cornish

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8544

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

6. Caruso J. Xtreme Drilling 1. The transaction: Schlumberger acquires XSR from Xtreme 2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish 3. Publicly available information 4. Price trends during the relevant time 5. Cornish 6. Caruso V. CONCLUSION

REASONS AND DECISION

I. OVERVIEW

[1] This proceeding involves allegations of insider tipping and insider trading. Staff of the Commission alleges that:

a. from October 1, 2011 to April 30, 2016 (the Material Time), the respondent Donna Hutchinson, a former legal assistant at Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP (Davies), a Toronto law firm, communicated material non- public information (MNPI) about eight potential corporate transactions to her friend, the respondent Cameron Edward Cornish;

b. Cornish, in turn, communicated some of that MNPI to his friends, the respondents Patrick Jelf Caruso and David Paul George Sidders; and

c. Cornish, Caruso and Sidders, while in possession of the MNPI, traded1 securities of certain of the issuers that were involved in the transactions.

[2] In 2018, Hutchinson settled the allegations against her. This proceeding continued against Cornish, Caruso and Sidders. At the hearing on the merits, Caruso appeared in person and with counsel. Sidders appeared through counsel only. Cornish did not appear.

[3] Hutchinson testified at the hearing. She stated that she had an arrangement with Cornish to provide MNPI to him about transactions in which Davies was involved. For the reasons set out below, I find that Cornish traded in securities of two issuers while in possession of MNPI he received from Hutchinson, and that these trades constituted illegal insider trading. I dismiss Staff’s allegation that Cornish illegally traded in securities of a third issuer.

[4] There was no direct evidence that Caruso or Sidders traded in securities of any of the subject issuers while they were in possession of MNPI. Staff’s case against Caruso and Sidders was based on circumstantial evidence, including the frequency and timing of communications among the respondents, the nature of the various trades (including size and timing), and other factors.

[5] As I explain below, while in a number of instances the circumstantial evidence justifies suspicions that Caruso and/or Sidders may have engaged in illegal insider trading, in none of the instances does the evidence rise to the necessary level of clear, convincing and cogent evidence that makes it more likely than not that they did so. Accordingly, all of Staff’s allegations against Caruso and Sidders are dismissed. Similarly, Staff’s allegations that Cornish tipped Caruso and Sidders are also dismissed.

II. THE RESPONDENTS

A. Hutchinson

[6] Hutchinson was a legal assistant at Davies from 1983 to 2000 and then again from 2003 to 2017. During her time at Davies, Hutchinson worked with lawyers who practiced in different areas, including mergers and acquisitions. Typically, Hutchinson worked for lawyers directly, although for about 14 months during 2012 and 2013 she worked as a floater, covering assistants who were on holidays or sick.

[7] Davies terminated her employment in 2017 because of the matters described in these reasons.

1 The definition of “trade” in s. 1(1) of the Securities Act, RSO 1990, c S.5, does not explicitly include a purchase or acquisition. For convenience in these reasons, I use the word “trade” to refer to both purchases and sales of securities. Subsection 76(1) of the Securities Act, which prohibits illegal insider trading, refers explicitly to purchases and sales (see paragraph [98] below), and has as its heading “Trading where undisclosed change”.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8545

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[8] On April 24, 2018, the Commission approved a settlement agreement between Hutchinson and Staff.2 In that agreement, Hutchinson admitted that she contravened s. 76(2) of the Act by participating in the scheme. She agreed to testify as a witness in this proceeding.

[9] Hutchinson testified that she lives with her mother and sisters. She says that she is unemployed and that she has had difficulty finding a job.

B. Cornish

[10] Cornish did not appear at the hearing. Evidence in the record establishes that he is an experienced professional trader who spent over 25 years working at various brokerage and capital management firms.

[11] Throughout the Material Time, Cornish worked at Brant Securities. He traded securities in Brant’s inventory account. He split any trading profits and losses equally with Brant.

[12] During Hutchinson’s three-year break in her employment at Davies (from 2000 to 2003), Hutchinson worked at a bar in Toronto. She worked there with Cornish, who was a co-owner of the bar, and with whom she lived and had a personal relationship. That relationship ended after a few years, in about 2003 or 2004. Hutchinson and Cornish have remained friends since then. At one time, Cornish had trading authority in Hutchinson’s brokerage account.

[13] During the Material Time, Hutchinson and Cornish communicated regularly by phone, and met in person, including over lunch and after work. For at least some part of the Material Time, Cornish struggled to make money and was broke. In 2016, he filed for consumer protection.

C. Caruso

[14] Caruso testified at the hearing. He gave unchallenged and uncontradicted evidence that:

a. he worked in the investment industry since 1982 as a trader of bonds and equities, including in senior positions;

b. he completed the Canadian Securities Course, and the Officers and Directors Course, and obtained various designations related to options and futures;

c. he met Cornish when they worked together at a securities firm in the early 1980s;

d. he socialized with Cornish outside of work, including with their wives;

e. he met Hutchinson through Cornish, and knew Hutchinson worked for a law firm, but did not know which firm or the practice area in which Hutchinson worked;

f. he is an active trader who is an avid reader of relevant news and articles;

g. he has traded through personal and corporate investment accounts;

h. trading had become his primary focus by the late 1990s;

i. he and Cornish spoke daily about various topics, including the securities industry generally, and news and commentary about the market and specific securities; and

j. by the beginning of the Material Time, he had somewhere between $5 million and $8 million to invest.

[15] Hutchinson confirmed that she met Caruso through Cornish. She testified that Cornish told her that Caruso traded stock and had money.

D. Sidders

[16] While Sidders appeared through counsel, he did not attend the hearing. No agreed facts were tendered regarding his background, and Staff’s investigator witness, Jamie Stuart, was unable to confirm suggestions put to him on cross-examination about Sidders’s employment over the years. However, evidence in the record establishes that Sidders worked in the securities industry for over 25 years.

2 Hutchinson (Re), (2018) 41 OSCB 3499 (Order), (2018) 41 OSCB 3500 (Settlement Agreement) and 2018 ONSEC 22, (2018) 41 OSCB 3841 (Oral Reasons and Decision)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8546

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[17] In 2005, Sidders opened a trading account at Verdmont Capital Ltd. (Verdmont), a brokerage firm in Panama. In account documentation he completed at the time, Sidders stated that he intended to engage in active day trading, and that he planned to do between 20 and 40 trades per month. He indicated that his net worth was more than $500,000, and that his annual income was more than $150,000.

[18] In 2008, Sidders completed documentation asking that an additional sub-account be opened under his primary account at Verdmont. This sub-account is described as the “Sub-B account”. No documentation or other evidence was adduced regarding any other sub-accounts in Sidders’s name.

[19] In June 2011, Sidders opened a trading account at Canaccord Genuity Corp. (Canaccord) in Canada. In account opening documentation that Sidders appears to have completed, he states that he was employed at the time as an “independent trader” at Tidal Asset Management in Bermuda and that he had been in that position for one year. Two different versions of the account information document were tendered; on one the information is mostly handwritten; on the other it is mostly typewritten. Both are dated June 2011. The information is substantially identical between the two versions, although on one, Sidders’s net worth is stated to be $50,000 (net of $300,000 of “other liabilities”), and on the other it appears as $350,000 (with no “other liabilities” shown). No explanation was offered for the discrepancy.

[20] In June 2012, Sidders provided an account information update to Canaccord in which he stated that his net worth was $50,000.

[21] As is evidenced by Sidders’s 2010 certificate of marriage, on which Cornish appears as a witness, the two have known each other since at least that time.

[22] Hutchinson testified that she met Sidders through Cornish. Cornish told her that Sidders used to trade stocks.

III. PRELIMINARY MATTERS

A. Cornish’s failure to appear

[23] On September 21, 2017, the Secretary to the Commission issued the Notice of Hearing in this proceeding, fixing October 24, 2017, as the date of the hearing. Staff served Cornish with the Notice of Hearing and with Staff’s Statement of Allegations by email on September 21, 2017, and by courier on September 25, 2017.3

[24] Cornish did not appear at the October 24 hearing. At the request of the Panel, Staff sent Cornish an email, asking whether he wanted to receive pre-hearing disclosure. Cornish replied that he did. Staff provided the disclosure. Cornish did not further respond and has neither appeared nor participated in any other way at any time during this proceeding.

[25] Where a party has been given proper notice of a hearing but does not attend, the tribunal may proceed in the party’s absence and the party is not entitled to any further notice in the proceeding.4 Even though Cornish was not entitled to further notice following the first attendance, Staff provided disclosure to him, and later sent to him the Commission’s order of July 17, 2018, setting the dates for the merits hearing.5

[26] I concluded, based on Staff’s service of the Notice of Hearing and Statement of Allegations, and based on the fact that Cornish replied to Staff’s email to him, that he was given proper notice of the hearings in this proceeding, and that the hearing on the merits could proceed in his absence.

B. Motion by Caruso and Sidders to preclude Staff from relying on testimony given by Cornish during the investigation, in support of Staff’s case against Caruso and Sidders

1. Overview

[27] On June 28, 2017, as part of its investigation, Staff examined Cornish under oath. The examination (the Cornish Examination) was conducted pursuant to s. 13 of the Act, which allows an investigator appointed under s. 11 of the Act (typically, as in this case, a member of Staff) to compel the attendance of an individual to give testimony regarding the matter under investigation.

3 Exhibit 1 (First Attendance Hearing), Affidavit of Service of Laura Filice sworn September 27, 2017 4 Statutory Powers Procedure Act, RSO 1990, c S.22 (SPPA), s 7(1), and Ontario Securities Commission Rules of Procedure and Forms, (2019) 42 OSCB 6528, r 21(3) 5 Exhibit 1, Affidavit of Service of Laura Filice sworn February 6, 2019; Exhibit 561, Affidavit of Laura Filice sworn February 14, 2019

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8547

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[28] At the merits hearing, Staff sought to use portions of the Cornish Examination against Caruso and Sidders. Caruso and Sidders objected. The question was argued as a motion, on which it was common ground that:

a. whether Staff sought to adduce Cornish’s testimony by reading in portions of the transcript of the Cornish Examination, or by way of oral evidence from the Staff investigator who conducted the examination, that evidence would be hearsay;

b. pursuant to s. 15 of the SPPA, the Commission has the authority to admit hearsay evidence; and

c. the result of this motion would be the same, whether Cornish’s testimony was adduced by reading in from the transcript or by hearing from the investigator who conducted the examination.

[29] After hearing submissions, I gave an oral decision that Staff could not rely on Cornish’s testimony as against Caruso or Sidders. I advised that my reasons for that decision would be included in my reasons at the conclusion of the merits hearing. The reasons for the motion decision are as follows.

2. Analysis

[30] The central issue is whether Staff can rely on one respondent’s testimony, gathered by way of a compelled examination during the investigation, in support of its case against another respondent. Caruso and Sidders submitted that:

a. the Commission has previously decided that testimony given on a compelled examination by one respondent cannot be used against other respondents; and

b. these previous decisions reflect the principle that it would be unfair to allow Staff to rely on such testimony, given that it was obtained in a setting in which the respondents against whom it is to be used were unable to participate.

[31] In the Commission’s 2012 decision in Axcess Automation LLC (Re) (Axcess),6 the Commission stated that it “agree[d] with Staff’s position… that the compelled testimony made by a respondent would only be used as evidence against that particular respondent.”7 While that statement suggests the result requested by Caruso and Sidders in this case, the words do not fully and definitively dispose of the issue on this motion, because it appears that in Axcess it was Staff’s choice not to rely on one respondent’s testimony in support of Staff’s case against any other respondent. The Commission was therefore not required to resolve the question in the context of opposing submissions.

[32] The Commission was more definitive in its 2013 decision in York Rio Resources Inc (Re) (York Rio),8 although once again the question does not appear to have been fully argued. The Commission noted that Staff did not seek to rely on a compelled examination of any one respondent against other respondents. The Commission then stated:

We accept that it would be inappropriate to do so, particularly in this case, given the conflicting evidence we received from the various Individual Respondents about the roles played by other Individual Respondents, and the inherent unreliability of such statements.9

[33] Caruso and Sidders also relied on two decisions of Ontario’s Superior Court of Justice, both of which considered a similar question in the context of civil proceedings. In Cain v Peterson10 and in Urbacon Building Groups Corp v Guelph (City),11 the Court considered Rule 31 of the Rules of Civil Procedure,12 and specifically the possible use by one party of the examination for discovery of another party. While those cases recite well-settled principles about the relative unreliability of hearsay evidence, I did not find either case to be useful for this motion for two reasons:

a. s. 15 of the SPPA, which permits the admission of hearsay evidence, applies to proceedings before the Commission but not to proceedings governed by the Rules of Civil Procedure; and

b. the relationship between Staff and respondents in an enforcement proceeding such as this one is of a different character than that between parties to a civil action, and an enforcement proceeding engages procedural fairness considerations beyond those that are present in civil proceedings.

6 2012 ONSEC 34, (2012) 35 OSCB 9019 7 Axcess at para 94 8 2013 ONSEC 10, (2013) 36 OSCB 3499 9 York Rio at para 77 10 2005 CanLII 38122 (ON SC) 11 2013 ONSC 5773 12 RRO 1990, Reg 194

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8548

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[34] In responding to Caruso’s and Sidders’s motion, Staff submitted that Cornish’s testimony is necessary to prove the case against Caruso and Sidders. Staff asked that I dismiss the motion, that I admit Cornish’s testimony, and that at the end of the merits hearing I consider any other evidence that corroborates Cornish’s testimony and determine at that time what weight, if any, to attach to Cornish’s testimony.

[35] In support of its position, Staff cited the Alberta Court of Appeal decision in Alberta Securities Commission v Brost (Brost).13 In that case, the Court considered the argument, made here by Caruso and Sidders, that respondents against whom evidence was proposed to be used were not able to be present during the taking of that evidence and therefore were unable to cross-examine the witness.

[36] The Alberta Court of Appeal rejected the argument, holding that the Alberta Securities Commission had not denied the parties the opportunity to test the evidence, because it was open to the parties to request the issuance of a summons to compel the witness’s attendance at the hearing.14 As Staff points out, the same is true in this case.

[37] I note that while Brost was decided years before the Commission’s decisions in Axcess and York Rio, it is not referred to in either of those two decisions for the point at issue here. This may be explained by the fact noted above, that the question on this motion does not appear to have been fully argued in those cases. However, I also note that Brost was before the Commission panel in York Rio on an unrelated point. While Brost clearly came to the panel’s attention, it is unclear whether the panel adverted to it on the question at issue here.

[38] I have carefully considered Brost. However, I was not persuaded that I should follow it in the face of Axcess and York Rio. Those who are subject to the jurisdiction of this Commission are entitled, when governing their affairs, to rely reasonably on previous decisions of the Commission. While the Commission is permitted to depart from earlier decisions,15 it should strive for consistency.16

[39] Arguably, that principle should be of less force in this case because of the fact that the question on this motion was not fully argued in Axcess and York Rio. In my view, however, the Commission’s words in York Rio are sufficiently clear, in that they do not merely report a position adopted by Staff; rather, they explicitly characterize the contrary position as “inappropriate”. I am loath to depart from that clear statement without a compelling reason to do so, and no such reason has been advanced in this case.

[40] Further, I refer to an important distinction between Brost and this case. As noted in paragraph [36] above, the Court in Brost observed that the appellants could have sought to compel the witnesses to testify at the hearing. The Court characterized the appellants’ choice not to do so as “tactical decisions… fully within their control.”17 In contrast, there is nothing in the record before me to indicate whether Caruso or Sidders made a “tactical decision” not to attempt to call Cornish as a witness (and perhaps an adverse one) in order to challenge the testimony that he gave on his examination. Staff reported that despite many attempts it has been unable to maintain contact with Cornish, who apparently is outside Canada. Cornish failed to appear for this proceeding. I have no basis to conclude that either Caruso or Sidders would have had any more success in securing Cornish’s attendance to testify, even assuming it was open to them to do so. I therefore cannot conclude, as was the case in Brost, that it was “fully within their control” to have Cornish available for cross-examination.

[41] I say “even assuming it was open to them to do so” in the previous paragraph because Sidders’s counsel raised the question as to whether fairness concerns would preclude a respondent from seeking to compel the attendance of another respondent who had chosen not to appear at the proceeding. While this question was raised, the point was not argued, and I expressly decline to resolve it.

[42] In this case, reliability and procedural fairness are paramount concerns. To the extent that Cornish’s testimony incriminates him, it is more likely to be reliable. To the extent that it implicates Caruso and Sidders, the same cannot be said. An individual in Cornish’s position may perceive an advantage in pointing fingers at others. Caruso and Sidders were not present and did not have an opportunity to test whether Cornish was succumbing to that temptation.

[43] For all these reasons, I concluded that I ought to follow this Commission’s decisions in Axcess and York Rio, and grant the motion brought by Caruso and Sidders. I will not consider any of Cornish’s compelled testimony in support of Staff’s case against either Caruso or Sidders.

13 2008 ABCA 326 14 Brost at para 36 15 Donnini (Re), [2003] O.J. No. 3541 (Div Ct) at para 35 (rev’d on other grounds: Donnini v Ontario Securities Commission, 2005 CanLII 1622); Sara Blake, Administrative Law in Canada, 5th ed (Toronto: LexisNexis Canada, 2011) at 140 16 Robert W Macaulay, James LH Sprague & Lorne Sossin, Practice and Procedure Before Administrative Tribunals, (Toronto: Carswell, 1988) (loose-leaf updated 2019, release 5), ch 6 at 6-17 17 Brost at para 36

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8549

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

C. Motion by Staff to preclude Caruso and Sidders from relying on Cornish’s compelled testimony

1. Overview

[44] During the hearing, Caruso and Sidders advised that for the purpose of responding to Staff’s case against them, they wished to rely on portions of the Cornish Examination. Staff submitted that given my decision not to permit Staff to rely on Cornish’s testimony on that examination, Caruso and Sidders ought similarly to be precluded from doing so.

[45] As with the previous motion, the parties acknowledged that any excerpts from the Cornish Examination would be hearsay. That hearsay would be admissible pursuant to s. 15 of the SPPA.

[46] After hearing submissions, I decided that Caruso and Sidders could seek to rely on Cornish’s compelled testimony in their favour, subject to my ability to decide what weight, if any, I would attach to that evidence. My reasons for the motion decision follow.

[47] Before turning to that analysis, I note that again on this motion, there was some discussion about the two forms in which Cornish’s testimony at the Cornish Examination might be admitted at this hearing – as excerpts from the transcript of his examination, or as oral evidence from a Staff witness who was present at the examination and who reported what Cornish said. The outcome of this motion would be the same either way.

2. Analysis

[48] I begin with Staff’s submission that because it cannot rely on the Cornish Examination as against Caruso and Sidders, the reverse must necessarily be true, i.e., Caruso and Sidders cannot rely on it either. I disagree. I accept Caruso’s and Sidders’s submission that they are in a different position from Staff, because Staff was able to question Cornish and test his responses in a way that amounts, effectively, to cross-examination. Neither Caruso nor Sidders had any such opportunity.

[49] As a result, I am permitted but not required to allow Caruso and Sidders to adduce Cornish’s testimony. Should I do so?

[50] I agree with Staff’s submission that neither the Commission’s motion decision in Agueci (Re)18 nor the Divisional Court’s decision on the appeal in that proceeding19 is of assistance on this question. While in that proceeding the Commission did permit some respondents to read in portions of another respondent’s transcript, the scope was broader there, in that two of the respondents were alleged to have made misleading statements contrary to s. 122 of the Act, and one of the respondents was alleged to have disclosed information regarding Staff’s investigation, contrary to s. 16 of the Act. Further, it is unclear from the decisions precisely what use Staff had made of the transcript.

[51] In arguing that I should permit Caruso and Sidders to adduce portions of the Cornish Examination, Caruso submits that since Staff will rely on some parts of the Cornish Examination as against Cornish, I ought to be concerned about Staff “cherry-picking”. Caruso ought therefore to be permitted to rely on other parts if necessary, in order to put into context the excerpts that Staff cites.

[52] I do not accept that submission. For the reasons set out above, Staff’s reliance on the Cornish Examination is confined to the case against Cornish. None of Cornish’s testimony can prejudice Caruso or Sidders, no matter what I decide with respect to Cornish. If I decide against Cornish on the merits, partly in reliance on his own compelled testimony, Staff must still independently prove its case against Caruso and Sidders based on evidence admissible against them, so my findings against Cornish are irrelevant. If I find in favour of Cornish, for some reason that might apply equally to Caruso and/or Sidders, then it is inconceivable that I would reach contradictory conclusions; there would be nothing to “put into context” and again, there is no risk of prejudice to Caruso and/or Sidders.

[53] Having said all of that, I concluded during the hearing that Cornish’s testimony was potentially relevant to the matters in issue for Caruso and Sidders, that there was no legal impediment to my admitting and considering that testimony, and that its value might depend on later developments in the hearing. I therefore decided to exercise my discretion under s. 15 of the SPPA to admit the testimony.

[54] The question remains as to what weight, if any, I ought to give Cornish’s testimony. I address this issue as necessary in my analysis below, in the context of specific elements on which Caruso or Sidders seek to rely.

18 2013 ONSEC 45, (2013) 36 OSCB 12133 at para 133 19 Fiorillo v Ontario Securities Commission, 2016 ONSC 6559

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8550

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

IV. ANALYSIS

[55] I turn now to my analysis of Staff’s allegations against Cornish, Caruso and Sidders. I begin with a review of certain evidentiary matters, followed by consideration of several substantive issues that are applicable to all eight subject transactions. I then review each transaction in turn.

A. Evidentiary matters

1. Standard and burden of proof

[56] The standard of proof applicable to Commission proceedings is the balance of probabilities. Staff must prove, on the basis of clear, convincing and cogent evidence, that it is more likely than not that the alleged events occurred.20

[57] If Staff fails to do so, or if a respondent presents an alternative explanation that is as likely as the explanation asserted by Staff, then Staff will not have met its burden.21

2. Hearsay

[58] As noted above in paragraph [28], s. 15 of the SPPA provides that a panel may admit as evidence any relevant oral testimony or document even if not given under oath or affirmation, or admissible in court. This extends to hearsay evidence.

[59] Hearsay evidence is not necessarily less reliable than direct evidence.22 The panel hearing the evidence must determine the weight to be accorded to the evidence, and should “avoid placing undue reliance on uncorroborated evidence that lacks sufficient indicia of reliability”.23

3. Circumstantial evidence and inferences generally

[60] As the Commission has previously observed, it is often the case that certain elements of insider trading and tipping cases must be proved by circumstantial evidence rather than direct evidence, because “the only persons who have direct knowledge of relevant communications are the wrongdoers themselves.”24 Circumstantial evidence can “fill an evidentiary gap” created by the absence of direct evidence.25

[61] Circumstantial evidence does not itself establish the alleged fact; rather, the panel may draw an inference from the circumstantial evidence. Those inferences must be reasonably and logically drawn from a fact or group of facts established by the evidence,26 should be drawn from the combined weight of the evidence,27 and cannot be drawn from speculated facts.28

[62] For an inference to be validly drawn, it need not be the only possible inference; nor does it need to be the most obvious or the most easily drawn.29 However, as is suggested in paragraph [57] above, if the circumstantial evidence equally supports two opposing inferences, one in favour of Staff and one in favour of a respondent, Staff will not have met its burden of proof.

[63] Staff submits that I ought not to assess each individual piece of evidence on its own. Rather, as the Commission has previously done, I should base my conclusions “on the combined weight of the evidence”.30 I accept the latter proposition, but not the former as described by Staff. In my view, I must assess each piece of evidence on its own, to determine whether the evidence deserves weight, whether it supports a finding of fact, and if so, whether that fact alone or together with other facts then supports a suggested inference.

20 FH v McDougall, 2008 SCC 53 at paras 40, 46, 49; Azeff (Re), 2015 ONSEC 11, (2015) 38 OSCB 2983 (Azeff) at paras 41-42 21 Sidney N Lederman, Alan W Bryant & Michelle K Fuerst, Sopinka, Lederman & Bryant: The Law of Evidence in Canada, 5th ed (Toronto: LexisNexis Canada, 2018) (Lederman) at 97 22 Rex Diamond Mining Corp v Ontario Securities Commission, 2010 ONSC 3926 (Div Ct) (Rex Mining) at para 4 23 Starson v Swayze, 2003 SCC 32 at para 115, cited in Agueci (Re), 2015 ONSEC 2, (2015) 38 OSCB 1573 at para 33 24 Azeff at para 43 25 Finkelstein v Ontario (Securities Commission), 2016 ONSC 7508 (Div Ct) (FinkelsteinDiv) at para 19 26 Finkelstein v Ontario Securities Commission, 2018 ONCA 61 (FinkelsteinCA) at para 61 27 FinkelsteinDiv at para 24; Suman (Re), 2012 ONSEC 7, (2012) 35 OSCB 809 (Suman) at para 309 28 Azeff at para 49; R v Munoz, 2006 CanLII 3269 (ON SC) (Munoz) at para 31 29 Suman at para 308, citing Munoz at para 31 30 Suman at para 309

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4. Adverse inferences

(a) Introduction

[64] In civil cases, under certain circumstances, an adverse inference may be drawn against a party who, without explanation, does not testify. The party’s failure to testify amounts to an implied admission that the party’s evidence would not have been helpful to that party.31

[65] The Commission has previously drawn such an inference in respect of a respondent who failed to testify.32

[66] In this case, Caruso initially submitted that I may draw an adverse inference against Staff because a former Staff member who was the primary investigator did not testify. Caruso later refined that submission, as I explain below.

[67] Separately, Staff submits that I should draw an adverse inference against Cornish and Sidders for their failure to testify. I address each of these submissions in turn.

(b) Adverse inference against Staff

[68] Caruso submitted that I may draw an adverse inference against Staff because Michael Bordynuik, the Senior Investigator originally assigned as the primary investigator on this case, did not testify at the hearing. As of March 2018 (after this proceeding was commenced), Bordynuik is no longer a member of Staff. Stuart, who testified as Staff’s investigator, was assigned to the file after the investigation was already in progress. He assisted Bordynuik during the investigation.

[69] Stuart was asked on cross-examination, but did not know, why Staff did not call Bordynuik as a witness.

[70] Caruso submitted that it is within my discretion to infer that Bordynuik’s testimony would be contrary to Staff’s case, or that it would not support Staff’s case, although Caruso did not explicitly submit that I should draw that inference. In oral submissions, Caruso’s counsel refined the point by submitting that without evidence directly from Bordynuik (and because Stuart had no knowledge on the point), I ought not to draw any conclusions about how difficult it may have been for Staff to obtain records from foreign jurisdictions. As a result, argued Caruso, I am not in a position to conclude that Caruso was being secretive by having trading accounts in jurisdictions outside Canada.

[71] As I explain later in these reasons, I do not make any such finding against either Caruso or Sidders. Accordingly, I need not determine what the effect of Bordynuik’s absence would be on this issue. I do note that Staff does not have exclusive control over Bordynuik, and I was provided with no authority for the proposition that an adverse inference against a party can be drawn with respect to the absence of a witness over whom that party does not have exclusive control.

[72] Bordynuik’s absence does become relevant with respect to Sidders’s trading records. Some of the documentary evidence Staff adduced against him is incomplete. Stuart was not involved when those records were gathered, and he was unable to explain why they are incomplete. Bordynuik is more likely to have been able to explain. Sidders submits that rather than drawing an adverse inference, I should simply note the documents’ limited usefulness. I agree. I return to that point in my analysis beginning at paragraph [216] below.

[73] Staff submits that I should draw adverse inferences against each of Cornish and Sidders because neither of them testified, provided affidavit evidence or called a witness in this proceeding.

[74] While Sidders agrees that a panel may draw an adverse inference against a respondent who does not testify, Sidders submits that I may draw only a “confirmatory” adverse inference after Staff has already met its burden of proof. Sidders relies on the Commission’s decision in Sextant (Re), but in its reasons in that case the Commission first noted its “stand-alone findings” of fraud against an individual respondent. The Commission then added that it drew an adverse inference from the respondent’s failure to testify, “as confirmatory of those findings.”33 The Commission’s reasons did not suggest that the stand-alone findings were a necessary pre-condition to an adverse inference, and thus the reasons did not limit the availability of an adverse inference as Sidders has suggested. I reject Sidders’s submission.

[75] Sidders further submitted that even if it were open to me to draw an adverse inference against him, I should not do so, since it was open to Staff to call him as a witness. That proposition is inconsistent with the authorities described above,

31 Lederman at 406-407 32 Mega-C Power Corp (Re), 2010 ONSEC 19, (2010) 33 OSCB 8290 at paras 275-76 33 Sextant (Re), 2011 ONSEC 15, (2011) 34 OSCB 5829 at para 246

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and in my view is not supported by the decision of the Alberta Securities Commission that Sidders cited to me. In that case, the Alberta Commission declined to draw an adverse inference, but the potential witnesses that were not called were not aligned in interest with either party in the proceeding.34 That is not the case here. I reject the submission.

[76] I therefore conclude that where Staff establishes a prima facie case regarding a particular factual conclusion, it would be appropriate for me to draw an adverse inference against Cornish and/or Sidders for their failure to testify, in respect of that conclusion. In other words, Staff must first adduce evidence that appears to be credible and reliable and that is sufficiently strong for the respondent to be called on to answer it; then, if Staff has done so, I may draw the adverse inference.35 I apply this principle as appropriate in my analysis below, in the context of each transaction.

5. Credibility and reliability of witnesses

[77] In assessing the credibility and reliability of witnesses, I am guided by the decision of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice in Springer v Aird & Berlis LLP,36 in which Newbould J. adopted the following words from a British Columbia Court of Appeal decision:

The most satisfactory judicial test of truth lies in its harmony or lack of harmony with the preponderance of probabilities disclosed by the facts and circumstances in the conditions of the particular case.37

[78] I need not necessarily come to one overarching conclusion about any particular witness’s credibility or reliability. I may find a witness to have been credible in some respects but not in others. I may conclude that some aspects of a witness’s testimony are reliable, but that other aspects are not.38

[79] Neither Caruso nor Sidders challenged the credibility or reliability of Stuart, Staff’s investigator witness. I found Stuart to be candid and forthright, and I accept his evidence.

[80] I reach no overall conclusion with respect to the credibility or reliability of the remaining two witnesses, Hutchinson and Caruso. I make findings about the reliability of various aspects of their testimony, in the course of my analysis below.

B. Analysis relevant to all transactions

[81] Before reviewing each transaction separately, I consider the following, each of which is potentially relevant to all of the transactions:

a. the origin of the alleged scheme generally;

b. Hutchinson’s access to MNPI and her exchange of information for money;

c. the Act’s prohibition against insider trading;

d. the Act’s prohibition against tipping;

e. evidence of telephone communications;

f. the definition of “material fact”;

g. proving knowledge of material facts;

h. special relationships; and

i. patterns.

1. The origin of the alleged scheme generally

[82] As to the origin of the alleged scheme, Staff relies primarily on Hutchinson’s testimony at the hearing. That testimony contradicted what Hutchinson told Staff on the first of her two examinations during the investigation, at which time she denied the existence of the scheme. During the hearing, she explained that she lied during her first examination because she was afraid of losing her job, she did not have counsel, and she did not take the matter seriously enough.

34 Ironside (Re), 2006 ABASC 1930 at paras 527-530 35 Dwyer v Mark II Innovations Ltd, 2006 CanLII 9406 (ON CA) at para 4, cited in Lederman at 407 36 (2009) 95 OR (3d) 325 (Springer) 37 R v Pressley, [1948] 94 CCC 29 (BCCA) at para 12, cited in Springer at para 14 38 Meharchand (Re), 2018 ONSEC 51, (2018) 41 OSCB 8434 at para 62

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She said that after that examination she spoke to a friend, changed her mind, and decided to tell Staff the truth. Those steps led to her settlement of the allegations against her.

[83] In her testimony at the hearing, Hutchinson said that in 2010 or 2011, Cornish was having financial trouble, and that he suggested to her that she give him information about pending corporate transactions in which Davies was involved. Cornish told Hutchinson that he intended to relay the information to Caruso, who would trade with the benefit of that information. Cornish would not do any trading himself, because he had little or no money, and because he wanted to minimize the risk of detection by distancing Hutchinson from the trading.

[84] Hutchinson’s evidence about how the scheme came to be and how it would work was consistent with the admissions she made in her settlement with Staff. Her testimony was not seriously challenged on cross-examination and was uncontradicted, other than by Cornish’s denials during the Cornish Examination.

[85] Because Cornish was not present at the hearing, his compelled testimony in the Cornish Examination is hearsay. It is admissible, but I must determine what weight it deserves.

[86] In my view, his compelled testimony lacks any indicia of reliability; indeed, I find it to be unreliable.

[87] There is no reason to prefer Cornish’s self-serving denials, made during the investigation stage and not repeated in person during the hearing before me, over Hutchinson’s candid and self-incriminating testimony. I accept her explanation about why she lied during her first examination, and I accept her evidence regarding the origin of the scheme. I do not accept Caruso’s submission that Cornish had little motive to lie; nor do I accept Caruso’s submission that I should assess whether Hutchinson’s settlement was a “sweetheart” deal that would have motivated her to be untruthful. I return, beginning at paragraph [136] below, to consider Hutchinson’s testimony about Caruso’s involvement in the scheme.

[88] With respect to Sidders, Hutchinson testified that if he was involved in the scheme, she was unaware, and she was surprised to learn about Staff’s allegations against him. Cornish did not mention Sidders’s name to Hutchinson in any of their discussions. Similarly, Caruso testified that he had no knowledge as to whether Sidders traded in any of the issuers involved in the transactions. Staff’s case against Sidders therefore depends entirely on documentary evidence.

2. Hutchinson’s access to information and her exchange of information for money

[89] Hutchinson testified that while at Davies, she had access to the firm’s email storage system (called Decisive) and the firm’s document management system (called DM). She was able to search both systems. Her ability to search emails in Decisive did not depend on the lawyer or the file to which she might be assigned, and the system did not record who was accessing its contents. In contrast, her access to DM was limited depending on which files she was working on, and the system maintained a record of who accessed documents and on what date and at what time.

[90] Hutchinson stated that she often searched these systems to get information regarding pending corporate transactions. For some part of the Material Time, she also reviewed conflict checks circulated by the firm. She conducted these searches and reviews so that she could relay information to Cornish.

[91] It is clear from Hutchinson’s evidence that she regularly had access to confidential information regarding transactions for which Davies had been retained. However, both in her examination-in-chief and on cross-examination, Hutchinson was candid in admitting that she had little or no specific recollection as to when she accessed the systems, when she became aware of specific information, or what she passed along to Cornish and when. She also agreed that when Davies used code names for parties involved, she may not have known the identity of the parties until toward the end of a transaction.

[92] Hutchinson and Cornish were friends and they saw each other regularly. When she gave him information about a transaction, she met with him face-to-face. She avoided texting or emailing him. In general, she told him about the parties to a transaction when she learned that information. She updated him about a transaction’s status, timing, and purchase price, sometimes on her own initiative and sometimes in response to his request for an update. She testified that she would usually not find out the price until toward the end of the transaction.

[93] According to Hutchinson, from the inception of the scheme until it ended, she received approximately $17,000 for providing information to Cornish. She received her payments in cash, usually about $1,000 at a time so as not to attract suspicion. Cornish handed the cash to her, although on one occasion he gave it to her in a newspaper.

[94] Hutchinson’s evidence regarding the access she had to the systems, the efforts she made to gather information, the manner in which she conveyed the information to Cornish, and the payments she received from him, was

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uncontradicted (other than by Cornish’s denials on his examination, which I reject) and was not shaken on cross-examination. I accept it.

[95] Staff also relied on records obtained from Davies, which purported to identify individuals who had access to documents related to the transactions, and when those individuals accessed the system. Caruso and Sidders note that Staff did not call a witness from Davies to explain how the records were created, who created them, or when they were created. However, neither Caruso nor Sidders offered any reason to doubt the accuracy of the information shown in the records. I am satisfied that the records constitute reliable hearsay evidence, and I accept them for the truth of their contents.

3. The Act’s prohibition against insider trading

[96] Staff alleges that each of Cornish, Caruso and Sidders engaged in prohibited insider trading.

[97] The Act’s prohibition against insider trading aligns with two of the three fundamental purposes of the Act; namely, to provide protection to investors from unfair, improper or fraudulent practices, and to foster fair and efficient capital markets and confidence in capital markets.39 The prohibition exists for three principal reasons:

a. fairness requires that all investors have equal access to information about an issuer that would likely affect the market value of the issuer’s securities;

b. insider trading may undermine investor confidence in the capital markets; and

c. capital markets operate efficiently on the basis of timely and full disclosure of all material information.40

[98] The prohibition is found in s. 76(1) of the Act, which provides:

No person or company in a special relationship with an issuer shall purchase or sell securities of the issuer with the knowledge of a material fact or material change with respect to the issuer that has not been generally disclosed.

[99] None of Staff’s allegations in this case relates to a material change, as opposed to material facts. For convenience, the balance of these reasons will omit any reference to material change.

[100] In order to establish its allegation that a respondent engaged in prohibited insider trading, Staff must therefore prove each of the following elements:

a. the respondent purchased or sold securities of the issuer;

b. at the time of the purchase or sale, the respondent had knowledge of a material fact about the issuer;

c. the material fact had not been generally disclosed; and

d. at the time of the purchase or sale, the respondent was in a special relationship with the issuer.

[101] With respect to the second of those elements, proof of knowledge of the information is sufficient. Staff need not prove that a respondent made use of the information when trading shares. 41

4. The Act’s prohibition against tipping

[102] The prohibition against tipping is found in s. 76(2) of the Act, which provides, in relevant part:

No… person… in a special relationship with an issuer shall inform, other than in the necessary course of business, another person… of a material fact… with respect to the issuer before the material fact… has been generally disclosed.

39 Act, s 1.1 40 FinkelsteinCA at paras 23-25 41 Donald (Re), 2012 ONSEC 26, (2012) OSCB 7383 (Donald) at para 261

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[103] The only tipping allegation before me is that Cornish tipped Caruso and Sidders regarding the transactions. If Cornish did tip, it cannot be said that he did so “in the necessary course of business”. Therefore, in order to establish its tipping allegation, Staff must prove all of the following:

a. Cornish informed Caruso and/or Sidders of a material fact with respect to the issuer;

b. at the time Cornish informed Caruso and/or Sidders, the material fact had not been generally disclosed; and

c. Cornish was in a special relationship with the issuer.

5. Evidence of telephone communications

[104] As part of the circumstantial evidence that Staff relies on in support of its allegations, Staff adduced the following cellular telephone records:

a. for Hutchinson, monthly invoices for five months in 2011 and for most of 2013 and 2014, which invoices:

i. itemize outgoing and incoming calls; and

ii. give total numbers of, but do not itemize (i.e., specify date and time of) text messages;

b. for Cornish:

i. monthly invoices from August 2010 to November 2012, which specify the date and time of incoming and outgoing calls, and give total numbers of, but do not specify the date and time of, text messages;

ii. Excel worksheets that appear to specify details (including date and time) of communications for all months from September 2013 to September 2014, but that include a “call type” code for each item, which codes were not explained during the hearing; and

iii. printouts of Excel worksheets for each of November 18, 2013, and January 22, 2014, with the same characteristics as those described immediately above;

c. for Caruso, monthly invoices for most but not all months between September 2010 and October 2014, and between August 2015 and October 2015, all of which invoices:

i. itemize outgoing and incoming calls; and

ii. give total numbers of, but do not itemize (i.e., specify date and time of) text messages; and

d. for Sidders, Excel worksheets showing calls (incoming and outgoing) and text messages (incoming and outgoing) from December 1, 2010, to December 30, 2011, and from October 7, 2012, to April 16, 2015.

[105] These records show the date and time of calls made, and in some instances text messages sent, to or from the particular phone. The records typically show the length of a voice call in minutes. The records do not indicate whether a particular call was answered or not, or, if the call went to voice mail, whether the caller left a message or not. The records do not give any information about the content of a call, voice mail, or text message.

[106] Many calls listed in the phone records indicate a length of one minute. Some may have been as short as a few seconds; others may have lasted a full minute. Each call may have been a live conversation, or a voice mail message, or neither (i.e., the caller hanging up during the voice mail greeting). Calls that are longer than one minute are likely to have been either a live conversation or a voice mail message.

[107] Given all these varying characteristics, in what ways could phone records support Staff’s allegations? As is typical in insider trading cases, Staff highlights two different aspects of the communications – frequency and timeliness.

[108] In many instances in this case, Staff notes that there were frequent calls between two individuals in the days or weeks leading up to trades that were conducted by the alleged tippee. However, it is not enough to say that the alleged tipper and tippee were in frequent contact. For the frequency during a particular period to have any persuasive value it must be uncharacteristically high. In no instance in this case did Staff provide an analysis of call frequency showing that the two individuals involved contacted each other by telephone any more frequently at opportune times than they did at times unrelated to the particular transaction.

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[109] Further, Staff’s position regarding frequency of communication, and whether that frequency supports the inference that a trading respondent was in possession of MNPI, was not entirely clear. On the one hand, Staff often asserted that the frequent contact between respondents supported such an inference – Staff made this point in opening submissions, Staff’s investigator witness testified about the frequency of contact, and then Staff repeated the point in closing written submissions with respect to most of the transactions.

[110] On the other hand, however, in closing oral submissions Staff counsel acknowledged that the respondents were routinely in frequent contact with each other, and stated that the frequency of communication was “not what we’re basing our case on”.42 Staff submitted that instead, it relied on the fact that there was “opportunity” for the respondents to transfer MNPI between them.

[111] Because it is not clear to me that in making those oral submissions Staff was fully abandoning the argument it had made repeatedly in written submissions, I have chosen out of an abundance of caution to assume that Staff was not abandoning the argument.

[112] Turning to timeliness, or opportunity, the same question must be asked as was relevant for frequency. In other words, for a particular communication to have some persuasive value because of the time at which it occurred, that timing must be noteworthy in some way. Where an alleged tipper calls a tippee one evening and the tippee trades the following morning, for example, that communication is suspect if the tipper and tippee do not normally speak by phone in the evening. If the two speak by phone every evening, then there is nothing about the communication that implicates the participants.

[113] Staff’s submissions highlighted certain communications, but did so selectively. It is one thing to point to a call that occurred at an opportune time; it requires a further step to demonstrate that the call’s timing was uncharacteristically opportune. As a practical matter, Staff left it to me, as the hearing panel, to do further analysis of records that were in different forms, overlapped in time, and had unintelligible elements. That is insufficient. In some insider trading cases, the basis for Staff’s position would be abundantly clear, e.g., when two individuals do not communicate at all for weeks, but suddenly communicate several times at a very opportune time. This is not that kind of case. Here, the call and message volumes are significant, not only during the time periods relevant to each of the subject transactions, but before and after those time periods as well.

[114] Leaving further analysis to the hearing panel is inconsistent with this tribunal’s procedural fairness obligations to the respondents, who would be deprived of the opportunity to review that analysis and to make submissions about any errors or about how the information ought to be interpreted and weighed.

[115] I want to be clear about what, in my view, was missing here. The record did contain “raw material”, i.e., details of the many communications, but what I did not have was an aggregation or summary of those details (e.g., on a weekly or monthly basis), from which one could draw conclusions about frequency or timeliness. That kind of aggregation or summary (which is purely factual and involves no opinion) is different from a witness’s opinion about frequency or timeliness; as I advised counsel several times during the hearing, I was not prepared to give any weight to such an opinion from a fact witness, including Stuart, Staff’s investigator.

[116] Staff bears the burden of proving its allegations. In the circumstances of this case, especially given the extremely high volume of communications among the respondents, that burden requires more than a bald submission that communications at a particular time were frequent, or that two respondents spoke by phone or exchanged text messages at a particular time. Context is essential.

[117] Accordingly, I attach little if any weight to the evidence of communications among the respondents. I return to this conclusion in my analysis below, in the context of each transaction.

6. Definition of “material fact”

[118] To establish a contravention of the insider trading provision, Staff must prove that a person traded with knowledge of a “material fact”. Similarly, to establish a contravention of the tipping provision, Staff must prove that the tipper communicated a “material fact”. Subsection 1(1) of the Act defines “material fact” as a fact that significantly affects, or would reasonably be expected to have a significant effect on, the market price or value of such securities.

[119] Materiality is to be determined objectively, taking into account all the relevant circumstances.43 Several facts may be material when considered together, even when one or more of the facts do not appear to be material when considered alone.44

42 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), June 10, 2019 at 23 lines 23-24 43 Rex Diamond at para 6; Donald at para 199 44 YBM Magnex International Inc (Re), (2003) 26 OSCB 5285 at para 94, cited in Donald at para 203

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[120] I agree with the statement of the Alberta Securities Commission in Holtby (Re), that information that an entity is seriously considering the acquisition of a publicly-traded issuer would generally have a significant effect on the target issuer’s securities.45

7. Proving knowledge of material facts

[121] The second of the four elements of the insider trading provision (as set out in paragraph [100] above) is that the person traded with knowledge of a material fact about the issuer. To prove this element, Staff need not lead evidence of actual knowledge. Knowledge may be inferred based on circumstantial evidence of the person’s ability and opportunity to acquire the information, and the characteristics of the person’s trading. The following is a non-exhaustive list of characteristics that may suggest knowledge of material facts:

a. timely trades;

b. unusual trading patterns;

c. unusually risky trades, including because they represent a significant percentage of the portfolio;

d. highly profitable trades; or

e. a first-time purchase of the security.46

[122] As the Commission has previously held, insider trading and tipping cases “are established by a mosaic of circumstantial evidence which, when considered as a whole, leads to the inference that it is more likely than not that the trader, tipper or tippee possessed or communicated material non-public information.”47

[123] In this case, there is no real controversy as to whether the respondents had the opportunity to acquire MNPI. In the case of Caruso and Sidders, with respect to whom there is no direct evidence of the transmittal of MNPI, the determination of whether either of them had actual knowledge of MNPI about an issuer will depend on the circumstantial evidence relating to his trading in securities of the issuer.

8. Special relationships

(a) Generally

[124] The prohibitions against insider trading and against tipping both require the determination of whether a person was “in a special relationship” with an issuer. That term is defined in s. 76(5) of the Act (the Special Relationship Definition), which specifies the various relationships that would qualify. Those relationships include the following, which are particularly relevant here:

a. broadly speaking, firms that provide professional services to parties to a proposed merger or take-over bid involving the issuer48 (Staff alleges, and it is not disputed, that this element of the definition includes Davies with respect to every transaction in this case);

b. employees of those professional services firms49 (which includes Hutchinson in this case);

c. individuals who learn of a material fact from someone described in (b) above, and who know or ought reasonably to know that the tipper (i.e., the person from whom they learned the fact) was in a special relationship with the issuer50 (Staff alleges that Cornish falls within this description, in that he learned of material facts from Hutchinson); and

45 2013 ABASC 45 at paras 510 and 511 46 Suman at para 307; Azeff at para 45 47 Azeff at para 47 48 Clause (b) of the Special Relationship Definition extends the class to “a person… that is engaging in any business or professional activity” on behalf of: a. the issuer; or b. a person or company that: i. was considering or evaluating whether to make a take-over bid, or proposed to make a take-over bid, for securities of the issuer, or ii. was considering or evaluating whether to become a party, or proposed to become a party, to a reorganization, amalgamation, merger or arrangement or similar business combination with the issuer. 49 Subclause (c)(iv) of the Special Relationship Definition 50 Clause (e) of the Special Relationship Definition

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d. successive tippees who learn of a material fact from someone described in (c) above, and who know or ought reasonably to know that their tipper was in a special relationship with the issuer51 (Staff alleges that Caruso and Sidders fall within this category).

[125] As the Commission has previously observed, the purpose of extending the definition to those mentioned in (c) and (d) of the preceding paragraph is:

…to proscribe the abusive activities of an indefinite chain of indirect tippees. By using both the subjective element of “knows” and the objective test of “ought reasonably to have known” the intent of the legislature was to encompass a broad spectrum of actors who impair confidence in the capital markets by using confidential information not available to all investors. At the same time, the legislature provided safeguards so that there would not be a regime of indefinite liability.52

[126] That definition requires Staff to establish two connections between the tipper and the tippee:

a. an “information connection”: i.e., that the tippee learned of a material fact from a person in a special relationship (as opposed to, for example, that he already knew the information); and

b. a “person connection”: i.e., that the tippee knew or ought reasonably to have known that the tipper was in a special relationship.53

[127] With respect to the person connection, and the question of whether a tippee ought reasonably to have known that the tipper was in a special relationship, the Commission has identified factors to be considered:

a. the relationship between the tipper and the tippee;

b. the professional qualifications of the tipper and of the tippee;

c. the specificity of the MNPI that is conveyed;

d. the time elapsed between the communication of the MNPI and the trading by the tippee;

e. intermediate steps taken by the tippee before trading, to verify the information received;

f. whether the tippee has traded the issuer’s securities before; and

g. whether the tippee’s trade was significant in the context of the tippee’s portfolio.54

[128] There is considerable overlap between these factors (relating to whether the tippee ought to have known that the tipper was in a special relationship with the issuer) and the characteristics listed in paragraph [121] above (relating to whether the tippee traded while in possession of MNPI). This overlap makes sense. For example, an uncharacteristic, risky and profitable trade, executed shortly after communication between an alleged tipper and tippee, and before public announcement of a transaction, could tend to indicate both that the tippee possessed MNPI and that the tippee ought to have known that the tipper was in a special relationship.

[129] With these general principles and factors in mind, I will now consider how they may apply to each of Cornish, Caruso and Sidders.

(b) Cornish

[130] I accept Hutchinson’s evidence that in some instances, she communicated material facts to Cornish before those facts were generally disclosed, thereby establishing the “information connection”. I say “some instances” because I do not reach that conclusion with respect to all eight of the subject transactions. I explain below the findings I make with respect to each particular transaction.

[131] To the extent that the information connection is established with respect to a particular transaction, I find that the person connection is established as well. This is so because Cornish knew about Hutchinson’s job and about her access to confidential information, and he solicited the confidential information from her.

51 Clause (e) of the Special Relationship Definition 52 Azeff at para 57 53 FinkelsteinCA at paras 44-49 54 FinkelsteinCA at para 48

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[132] My conclusion that Cornish was in a special relationship with one or more of the issuers in any given transaction leaves unanswered the question of when he became a person in a special relationship. I return to that question in the context of each transaction below.

[133] To prove that Caruso was in a special relationship with the issuers in which he carried out impugned trading, Staff must establish the information connection (that Caruso learned of material facts from Cornish), and the person connection (that Caruso knew or ought reasonably to have known that Cornish was in a special relationship).

[134] In submitting that the evidence proves those connections, Staff relies first on Hutchinson’s testimony, in which she implicated Caruso in the scheme when she reported what she says Cornish said to her. In order for me to find that Hutchinson’s testimony should implicate Caruso, I must address two issues:

a. whether I believe Hutchinson’s account of what Cornish said to her about Caruso’s involvement; and

b. second, even if I do believe what Hutchinson says, should I accept the hearsay evidence as truth of what Cornish said?

[135] A careful analysis is warranted, given the potentially serious consequences for Caruso.

[136] As to the first issue, i.e., whether I believe the portion of Hutchinson’s testimony that implicates Caruso, I have found Hutchinson to be generally credible and reliable. I am troubled by the specific reference to Caruso, however. In particular, I heard no convincing explanation for why Cornish would implicate Caruso in the way that Hutchinson said he did, while at the same time not mentioning Sidders’s involvement at all. One possible explanation, suggested by Caruso and Sidders in closing submissions, is that Hutchinson implicated Caruso in an effort to minimize the consequences she faced as a result of her own misconduct. I am not prepared to make that finding, but the absence of a better explanation leaves me skeptical about the reliability of her evidence on that point.

[137] Even if I were to believe her testimony about Caruso’s involvement, it is hearsay. Caruso did not have the opportunity to cross-examine Cornish. While Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence is admissible pursuant to s. 15 of the SPPA, I must determine what weight it deserves.

[138] In this instance, determining that weight is a difficult exercise that requires consideration of competing factors. On the one hand, I must ask whether there are sufficient indicia of reliability for me to accept that what Cornish told Hutchinson about Caruso’s involvement was true. On the other hand, one could reasonably ask what reason Cornish might have to lie to Hutchinson about Caruso’s involvement. In pondering that question, I start by noting that Cornish lied under oath to Staff. While that shows that Cornish was willing to lie, there is nothing surprising about that, given what was at stake and given Cornish’s interest in protecting himself.

[139] I find it more significant that, if Hutchinson has accurately reported Cornish’s statements to her, he lied to her too, in that he told her that he was not doing any trading himself when in fact he did, in three of the subject transactions.

[140] Perhaps Cornish lied to Hutchinson in a misguided effort to shield her from future liability. Perhaps he did so on the mistaken assumption that her lack of knowledge of his trading might weigh in his favour if the scheme were to come to light. But my use of “perhaps”, and the speculation that the word invokes, reveal the potential frailties of hearsay evidence. While it is true, as I noted above in paragraph [59], that hearsay evidence is not necessarily less reliable than direct evidence, it often is less reliable. Hutchinson’s evidence regarding Cornish’s statements to her is an example. When the truth of a statement is in question, but the author of the statement is not present to testify, or to be cross- examined, about what motivated the author to make the statement, we are left to engage in impermissible speculation or to draw inferences.

[141] It is tempting to yield to the question asked above: Why would Cornish tell Hutchinson that Caruso was involved, if that weren’t true? But that question leads back to another question asked above: If the scheme was as Staff says it was, why did Cornish tell Hutchinson about Caruso but not about Sidders? And if Cornish was trying to limit Hutchinson’s knowledge or his own exposure, why was he comfortable with her knowing that he was engaging in illegal tipping? Why did he feel the need to tell Hutchinson the identity of one of the people to whom he was passing information, as opposed to keeping that identity to himself? Perhaps there are good explanations, but none was suggested, and without Cornish present, there was no opportunity to explore those questions.

[142] Further, the circumstances in which Cornish made that statement to Hutchinson lack indicia of reliability. For example, the statement was neither self-incriminating nor made while he was in a state of shock or surprise.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8560

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[143] Hutchinson’s incentive to implicate someone else in the hope she would face less serious consequences, as well as the unanswered questions, the lack of indicia of reliability, and the lack of compelling evidence of necessity, together cause me enough discomfort that I cannot rely on Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence as to Caruso’s involvement.

[144] I will therefore turn to consider other evidence cited by Staff.

[145] Staff notes that Cornish and Caruso were good friends during the Material Time, that they discussed securities almost daily, and that Caruso had approximately 25 years’ experience in the securities industry. In my view, these facts are no more consistent with Caruso having been involved in the scheme than they are with his innocence. I do not rely on them to implicate Caruso.

[146] Staff also seeks to rely on the nature of the MNPI that Staff says Cornish conveyed to Caruso. There is no direct evidence of Cornish having conveyed MNPI, so any finding of fact I make in that regard would have to be an inference based on circumstantial evidence.

[147] Finally, Staff cites the characteristics of the various transactions, as listed in paragraph [121] above (e.g., timing, riskiness). In my analysis below, I return to consider these factors in the context of each transaction.

(d) Sidders

[148] As noted above, Hutchinson did not implicate Sidders. As far as she knew, Sidders was not involved in the scheme. Staff must therefore rely on circumstantial evidence to prove that Sidders was in a special relationship with the relevant issuers.

[149] Staff submits that Cornish and Sidders were good friends during the Material Time, that they discussed securities almost daily, and that Sidders had approximately 25 years’ experience in the securities industry.55 As I concluded with respect to Caruso, I do not view these facts as implicating Sidders. They are equally consistent with Sidders not having participated in the scheme.

[150] There is no evidence that Sidders knew the extent of the relationship between Cornish and Hutchinson (including whether Cornish and Hutchinson were still in touch with each other during the Material Time), or that he knew what Hutchinson did for a living.

[151] As was the case for Caruso, Staff’s allegations against Sidders will depend on the characteristics of any trades that he carried out, and any communications between Cornish and Sidders. I consider the appropriate circumstantial evidence below, in the context of each of the three transactions where Sidders is alleged to have engaged in illegal insider trading.

9. Patterns

[152] Staff submits that an overall view of this case, taking into account all of the transactions, supports the allegations that Cornish engaged in tipping and that Cornish, Sidders and Caruso engaged in insider trading. Staff cites the improbability that the respondents repeatedly traded in the transactions, all of which were directly connected to Hutchinson and Davies, by coincidence.

[153] As the Commission did in Azeff, I reject the submission that I should view the transactions through the lens of similar fact evidence.56 There are sufficient dissimilarities between the transactions (e.g., none of Cornish, Caruso or Sidders is alleged to have traded in the same subset of transactions as any other respondent, and the timing of Caruso’s and Sidders’s impugned trading is inconsistent), that to do so would result in a prejudicial effect that outweighs the probative value of that evidence.

[154] I conclude that I must adjudicate each transaction separately and consider each respondent’s conduct independently.

10. Transfers of funds

[155] Staff cites evidence of various transfers of funds between Cornish, Caruso and Sidders, and/or entities allegedly controlled by them.

55 In support of this submission, Staff purports to rely in part on the Cornish Examination, although as explained above, Staff is precluded from doing so as against Sidders. I have not taken the Cornish Examination into account with respect to any allegations against Sidders. However, as noted earlier, other evidence in the record establishes Sidders’s years of experience in the industry. 56 Azeff at paras 8-10

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8561

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[156] Most of the subject transfers occurred well before the Material Time. The two largest of those were payments of $277,700 and $247,000, both from Caruso to Sidders, although Caruso testified that he believed he was returning those funds to Cornish but wired the funds as Cornish instructed him to. Other transfers were from Verdmont to Cornish’s roommate, or from Cornish’s roommate to a corporate account owned by Cornish. Staff notes that none of the payments received by Cornish’s roommate or Cornish’s corporate account exceeded the $10,000 reporting threshold prescribed by the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC). However, I note that some transfers went to Cornish’s employer, Brant Securities, in amounts that did exceed the FINTRAC reporting threshold. During Staff’s investigation, Brant’s President and Chief Financial Officer advised Staff that he understood that the payments were to cover Cornish’s trading losses in his inventory account.

[157] There was no evidence of any connection between these pre-Material Time payments and the allegations in this proceeding, other than to establish pre-existing relationships among the respondents. Staff appeared to be trying to create an air of suspicion around the flow of funds, by speculating that the two large transfers noted above were to enable Cornish to trade, and by noting that many transfers were in amounts less than the FINTRAC reporting threshold. However, Staff did not clearly articulate what conclusions I ought to draw from these payments. I draw none.

[158] Staff did cite two small transfers that occurred during the Material Time. I refer to them below in paragraph [401], in my analysis of the transaction involving Tim Hortons.

[159] I will now review each of the eight transactions in turn.

C. Quadra

1. The transaction: KGHM acquires Quadra

[160] The first of the transactions is the acquisition by KGHM Polska Miedz SA (KGHM) of all of the outstanding shares of Quadra FNX Mining Ltd. (Quadra).

[161] Staff alleges that Cornish, Caruso and Sidders traded in shares of Quadra while in possession of MNPI that Hutchinson communicated to Cornish and that Cornish then communicated to Caruso and Sidders. Quadra was a reporting issuer in Ontario, with its shares trading on the TSX.

[162] Davies was retained by KGHM and opened its file on October 14, 2011. The file was given a code name.

[163] At 9:00am on December 6, 2011, KGHM publicly announced that it had agreed to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Quadra for $15 per share, which was a 41% premium to Quadra’s share price at the time.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[164] At the relevant time, Hutchinson worked for a Davies lawyer who helped draft the agreement between KGHM and Quadra. According to records from Davies, Hutchinson was added to the file on October 19, and she accessed relevant documents on numerous days between October 19 and 31.

[165] There is no evidence as to the date on which Hutchinson became aware that Quadra was the target. Hutchinson was unable to specify what documents she reviewed and when. However, she testified that she passed on “information about this deal” to Cornish,57 including the names of the parties.58

[166] The Davies records show her accessing DM (the Davies document management system) in October but do not show when she reviewed other information, including emails. Despite these facts, I reject Caruso’s and Sidders’s submission that it would be impermissible speculation for me to draw inferences about her knowledge. I have accepted her evidence about her access to confidential information generally, about her general practice, about how she followed that practice with respect to the Quadra transaction, and about how she conveyed at least the parties’ names to Cornish. It is logical and reasonable to infer that she knew the names of the parties, as well as the timing of the transaction as the announcement date approached. I draw that inference.

[167] Hutchinson testified that she received $2,000-$3,000 from Cornish for the information she conveyed, and that she understood that the funds came from Caruso.

57 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 22 lines 14-16 58 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 49 lines 11-13

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8562

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

3. Publicly available information

[168] There is no evidence that the essential elements of the Quadra transaction had been generally disclosed prior to December 5, 2011, the day before the public announcement of the transaction. In light of that, and in light of the increase in the closing price on December 6, I find that the material facts, and in particular the price at which the transaction was to proceed, had not been generally disclosed.

[169] However, the respondents submit that there was publicly available information that would support purchases of Quadra shares by someone who did not possess MNPI. The publicly available information included the following:

a. on September 9, 2010, KGHM’s CEO announced that KGHM was in early discussions with a target listed company, with a view to acquiring a second copper deposit in Canada;

b. on September 14, 2011, Quadra issued a news release advising that it had completed a joint venture to develop a project in Chile;

c. on October 14, 2011, Quadra announced that it had had its strongest quarter since 2009, with its copper production having increased 9% over the previous quarter;

d. on October 17, 2011, Scotia Capital’s DailyEdge equity research report highlighted Quadra as a “top pick” among base metal producers and proposed a $28 one-year target price (which contrasted with Quadra’s then- current trading price of approximately $10); and

e. on November 14, 2011, TD Securities’s Action Notes, which reported favourably on a visit to one of Quadra’s mines (described as one of Quadra’s most important assets), and which continued to recommend the purchase of Quadra shares.

4. Price trends during the relevant time

[170] The closing price of Quadra shares varied between $13.00 and $15.00 throughout June 2011 and the first half of July 2011. In the latter half of July, the price increased to $16.00 per share before dropping to $13.00 in mid-August.

[171] The closing price then ranged from $9.00 to $13.00 until the announcement on December 6, 2011. On that day, the shares closed at $15.88. The closing price remained above $15.00 throughout the rest of December.

5. Cornish

[172] According to trading records from Brant, Cornish began to buy shares of Quadra on November 2, 2011, less than three weeks after Davies opened its file. Cornish bought and sold Quadra shares between November 2, 2011, and December 6, 2011, and ultimately made a profit of approximately $114,000.

[173] As I concluded above in paragraph [168], none of the essential elements of the Quadra transaction was generally disclosed before the transaction was announced.

[174] Staff must therefore prove that at the time of Cornish’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Quadra, and that he was in a special relationship with Quadra. As I explained above in paragraph [130], I find that Cornish was in a special relationship with Quadra beginning at the time that he was in possession of MNPI. It remains to be determined when that occurred.

[175] As noted above, Hutchinson testified that she told Cornish the names of the parties. Contrary to Staff’s submission, Hutchinson did not testify that she conveyed the transaction price and the announcement date; in fact, on cross-examination she agreed that she did not recall having given Cornish information other than the names of the parties.59 Hutchinson does not remember when she spoke to Cornish about the transaction.

[176] I accept Hutchinson’s uncontradicted evidence that at some time prior to the announcement of the transaction on December 6, 2011, she told Cornish the names of the parties. I find that this was a material fact with respect to Quadra, in that it would reasonably be expected to have a significant effect on the market price or value of Quadra shares. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that the closing price of the shares increased by 41% on the day of the announcement.

59 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 49 lines 14-17

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8563

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[177] Based on Hutchinson’s evidence alone, however, I cannot reach a conclusion as to when she communicated that fact to Cornish. If I am to find that Cornish knew that information when he purchased Quadra shares, I must reach that conclusion based on circumstantial evidence.

[178] Staff relies in part on telephone records that show frequent contact between Hutchinson and Cornish in the weeks leading up to the December 6 announcement. For the reasons discussed above, I do not find these records persuasive. My difficulty in reaching Staff’s proposed conclusion (that the phone records suggest communication of MNPI) is compounded by Hutchinson’s evidence, which I accept, that she and Cornish often saw each other in person, and that when she communicated deal-related information to him, she did so in their face-to-face meetings. As a result, I have no basis to conclude that the frequency of contact between them leading up to the impugned trades was uncharacteristically high and that it therefore indicates the communication of MNPI.

[179] The timing of Cornish’s trading is inconclusive. He began buying shares on November 2, 2011. The following day, Sidders sent Cornish two emails, the first with a link to a Bloomberg Business Week article regarding KGHM. Sidders directed Cornish to the bottom of the article where there was a “direct indication” that KGHM would buy a Canadian company. The second, which followed a few minutes later, indicated in the subject line “here it is clearer”, and described public statements made by KGHM’s CEO on October 11 and 20, confirming that KGHM intended to make a bid for a Canadian mining company. That same day (November 3), Cornish forwarded this information to an email address (the owner of which was not identified at the hearing), musing as to which company might be the target, and listing four candidates, including Quadra.

[180] The fact that in his November 3 email Cornish wondered about the identity of KGHM’s target is inconsistent with him having learned that information from Hutchinson before that time, unless he already knew the identity of the target but deliberately wrote the email that way in order to create the misleading impression that he did not know. That is a possibility, but it is a speculative leap I am not prepared to make.

[181] Further, Cornish traded in Quadra shares on sixteen days between November 3 and December 6. On fifteen of those sixteen days (including on December 1 and 5), Cornish both bought and sold Quadra shares. On some of those days (including on December 1 and 5), he sold more than he bought. On some of the days where he both bought and sold, he made a net profit; on other days he suffered a net loss. The only day during that period on which Cornish bought but did not sell shares was December 2. This pattern of trading does not suggest that he possessed MNPI well before the public announcement, nor is it necessarily inconsistent with his having had MNPI on a particular day.

[182] To summarize, neither the pattern of communication nor the timing of Cornish’s trading clearly shows when Cornish came into possession of MNPI regarding this transaction. However, Hutchinson did testify that at some time before December 6, she told Cornish the identities of the parties involved. On that basis, I find that Cornish’s December 5 trades of Quadra shares were effected while he knew from Hutchinson that Quadra was a party to the planned transaction, and while he was in a special relationship with Quadra. It therefore follows that those trades were in violation of s. 76(1) of the Act. I make that finding in full recognition of the fact that on December 5, Cornish sold more Quadra shares than he bought. In my view, it is more likely than not that Cornish knew the MNPI before December 5, but I have no clear basis to choose one specific date over another.

[183] As for Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso and Sidders regarding this transaction, there is no direct evidence that he did so. Any such conclusion would have to be based on circumstantial evidence. I return to this question following my analysis of whether Caruso and Sidders traded while in possession of MNPI.

6. Caruso

[184] On November 24, 2011, approximately two weeks before the public announcement, Caruso started buying Quadra shares in an account in his name at TD Waterhouse. By December 6, the date of the announcement, he had purchased 3800 shares. On December 6, he sold 3800 shares for a profit of approximately $23,600.

[185] Staff must prove that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Quadra, and that he was in a special relationship with Quadra.

[186] Staff alleges, and Caruso denies, that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding Quadra. There is no direct evidence that he did. Staff relies on:

a. Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence that Cornish told her he would pass along information to Caruso;

b. Hutchinson’s evidence that she received $2,000-$3,000 from Cornish for the information, and that she understood that the funds came from Caruso; and

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8564

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

c. circumstantial evidence regarding Caruso’s trading.

[187] For the reasons set out beginning at paragraph [134] above, I give no weight to Hutchinson’s evidence about Caruso’s involvement. I will review the circumstantial evidence to determine whether Caruso was in possession of MNPI at the time of the trades, and whether Caruso was in a special relationship at the time. In this case, given the alleged tipping chain, one follows naturally from the other.

[188] Circumstantial evidence can be sufficient to establish improper insider trading, even in the absence of any direct evidence that such trading took place.60 The circumstantial evidence on which Staff relies includes the fact that Caruso and Cornish communicated frequently by telephone between October and December 2011, and that in the evening of November 23, the day before Caruso started buying, there were several calls between them. Staff’s submission in this regard fails to put these facts in context, however. The evidence also indicates that:

a. during September 2011, well before Davies opened its file, Caruso and Cornish called each other approximately 50 times;

b. between October 3 and 13, still before Davies had opened its file, Caruso and Cornish called each other approximately 12 times;

c. between October 19 and November 22 (i.e., in the five weeks before the calls to which Staff refers), Caruso and Cornish called each other approximately 50 times, i.e., with the same frequency as during September; and

d. in each month from January to April 2012, after the Quadra announcement, and before the next subject transaction (the relevant time period for which began in September 2012), Caruso and Cornish called each other approximately 20 to 30 times.

[189] Staff has not demonstrated that the calls on which it relies were uncharacteristic of the normal pattern between Cornish and Caruso. Indeed, as Stuart agreed on cross-examination, Cornish and Caruso communicated with each other extremely frequently during periods unconnected with any of the transactions. I therefore attach no weight to the November 23 calls, or to any others in close proximity to the Quadra announcement.

[190] As a separate point, Staff submits that Caruso is not a credible witness because he denied ever discussing Quadra or any of the other subject issuers with Cornish. Staff says that Caruso’s denial flies in the face of Caruso’s own testimony that he often spoke to Cornish about the capital markets generally and about specific issuers. As Caruso’s counsel pointed out, however, Caruso did not rule out having communicated with Cornish about Quadra. Rather, Caruso’s counsel asked him in examination-in-chief: “Do you have any recollection of discussing Quadra with Mr. Cornish at all during this period of time?”. Caruso replied, “No.” His testimony was therefore that he did not recall. Staff did not follow up on this point to clarify whether Caruso was ruling out the possibility. Caruso’s answer is unsurprising, given that more than seven years elapsed between when he traded and when he testified.

[191] Regarding the size of the trades, Caruso testified that the trades were not significant in the context of his portfolio. Staff makes two submissions in response.

[192] First, Staff submits that despite this evidence, overall Caruso’s trading was significant relative to his portfolio. The submission was unsupported by any clear evidence or analysis as to the size of Caruso’s portfolio. I cannot accept it.

[193] Second, and arguably inconsistently with the first submission, Staff suggests that Caruso deliberately kept some trades to smaller amounts so as not to attract suspicion. Staff’s submission that Caruso made smaller trades in less highly traded issuers and larger trades in issuers with greater volume was unsupported by evidence or analysis to that effect. I cannot accept it.

[194] In any event, while it may be true that some trades were small, in order to accede to Staff’s submission that this was deliberate in order to avoid detection, I would have to engage in impermissible conjecture. The suggested inference is no more likely than an innocent explanation; accordingly, it is not an inference I am prepared to draw. This is particularly so in the absence of evidence that the trades were unusual for Caruso. Further, and as a general matter, this submission leads to a presumption of guilt for all respondents – small trades are suspicious because they are engineered to avoid detection, and large trades are suspicious because they suggest risk-taking that would occur only if the trader were in possession of MNPI. The latter proposition is well-established,61 and I find it to be more persuasive. Accordingly, without any corroborating evidence, I do not accept Staff’s position on this point with respect to Caruso’s trades.

60 Suman at paras 305-309 61 Azeff at para 45

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8565

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[195] Staff also notes that Caruso had never traded in Quadra before and that he first traded in Quadra only after Davies was retained. Caruso testified that he has no specific memory as to why he traded Quadra when he did. Caruso notes that he has a long and active history of trading in securities and he submits that the trades were consistent with his overall trading strategy. In particular, he testified that he:

a. looks at a company’s public filings, value, cash flow and trading price;

b. relies on a 13- and a 26-week weighted moving average;

c. trades options, for which he bases his trading decisions on yield;

d. makes both short- and long-term trades; and

e. considers selling if a security increases in price by 10%.

[196] With respect to Quadra specifically, Caruso notes that the closing price declined in the weeks leading up to his first purchases. Quadra shares closed at $12.19 on October 27, declined to $10.95 by November 10, and declined further to $9.41 on November 23, the day before Caruso acquired shares for between $9.43 and $9.48. Caruso testified that it was consistent with his usual trading practice to purchase shares following a decline in price.

[197] Caruso purchased a further 2500 shares on November 29, at $10.12. He then sold 5500 shares the following day (six days before the December 6 announcement), at $10.80 to $10.88. He submits that these trades were consistent with his practice of selling after an approximately 10% increase in price, and that they were inconsistent with his having been in possession of MNPI.

[198] Staff submits that Caruso developed these explanations after the fact, based on publicly available information. Staff suggests that I should follow the approach in Suman, in which the Commission rejected the respondents’ assertion that their trading decisions had been innocent and had been based on a set of five specified criteria. The Commission held that the criteria had likely been developed after the fact.

[199] There are significant distinctions between Suman and the case against Caruso. In Suman, unlike in the present case, the Commission found that:

a. the trades were “highly uncharacteristic” and “risky”, and were a “fundamental shift in the nature of [the respondents’] trading”;

b. the respondents had never applied the five criteria before; and

c. the five criteria were merely rules of thumb, and did not justify the respondents’ price target.62

[200] Staff did not lead evidence to show that Caruso had engaged in other trading that was inconsistent with his professed strategy. Staff has not persuaded me that it is more likely than not that Caruso developed his explanations after the fact. Further, in considering that Caruso had never traded in Quadra before, I attach much less significance to that factor than I would if he were not the long-time active trader that he was. (This same logic applies to all of the transactions in this case.)

[201] Finally, Staff cites Caruso’s admission that he knew regulators surveyed the market for suspicious trading during the Material Time. Staff submits that this supports the conclusion that Caruso operated in a manner to avoid detection. I do not accept the submission. Given Caruso’s experience in the industry, his admission is unsurprising; in fact, the opposite would be more surprising. His awareness is no more consistent with an attempt to avoid detection than it is inconsistent with that conclusion.

[202] By way of additional response, Caruso submits that there is no evidence that any material consideration flowed from him to Cornish. I agree, in that there is no documentary evidence to that effect and given that I do not rely on Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence implicating Caruso (including her testimony that Cornish told her that the cash payments Cornish gave her came from Caruso). Having said that, I do not take the absence of evidence of consideration as being conclusive of the fact that there were no payments; rather, it is neutral to Staff’s case.

[203] Caruso makes an additional submission that highlights a challenge for Staff in proving, based on circumstantial evidence, insider trading cases involving successive tippees. The challenge arises from the distinction between a prohibited communication of actual MNPI, and a mere recommendation or encouragement without communication of

62 Suman at paras 179, 207

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8566

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

any MNPI. This distinction is reflected in the amendment, in 2016, of s. 76 of the Act, which now prohibits, in s. 76(3.1), a person with knowledge of MNPI from recommending or encouraging the purchase or sale of securities of the relevant issuer. While the person making the recommendation or doing the encouraging is caught by s. 76(3.1), the recipient of the recommendation or encouragement does not, without more, contravene the section by trading in securities of the issuer. This is so because the existence of a “special relationship” for a successive tippee depends on the communication of a material fact.

[204] As the Court of Appeal of Alberta noted in Walton v Alberta (Securities Commission), “even if a certain trading pattern might be consistent with ‘tipping’, it might equally be consistent with merely having been ‘encouraged’… [G]iven the serious consequences of a finding of culpability, clear and cogent evidence should be expected before any particular inference is drawn.”63

[205] Caruso therefore submits that even if I believe that Cornish communicated with Caruso about Quadra in a way that prompted Caruso to buy Quadra shares, I have no basis to conclude that Cornish communicated MNPI, as opposed to merely recommending or encouraging Caruso’s purchase of Quadra shares, if Cornish did even that.

[206] The circumstances of this case increase the challenge Staff faces. Given the lengthy friendship between Cornish and Caruso, and given their profession, it is entirely plausible that Caruso would trade based on a recommendation from Cornish that did not include MNPI. Such an outcome would be less plausible following a communication between two acquaintances, neither of whom had any connection to the securities industry.

[207] I conclude my review of the circumstantial evidence by recalling that I must consider the weight of all the evidence. Once I do so, I must decline Staff’s invitation to infer that Caruso possessed MNPI when he traded. In my view, there are too many weaknesses in the evidence for me to find that it is clear, convincing and cogent. Those weaknesses are as follows:

a. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading;

b. the existence of publicly available information that would support investment in Quadra shares;

c. a credible explanation for the trading, as being consistent with objective standards and Caruso’s established practice;

d. an absence of direct evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme (other than Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence, which I have declined to rely on to implicate Caruso);

e. insufficient evidence to establish when Hutchinson conveyed MNPI to Cornish;

f. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

g. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

h. transactions that were inconsistent with the possession of MNPI (unless they were done deliberately to give that appearance, a speculative leap I am not prepared to make);

i. an absence of evidence that Caruso attempted to conceal his trading (given that all his trading in Quadra was in his TD Waterhouse account in his name); and

j. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[208] Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding Quadra are dismissed. It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Caruso regarding Quadra is dismissed.

7. Sidders

[209] Sidders’s Verdmont account began to accumulate Quadra shares on November 8, 2011, four weeks before the public announcement. Sidders acknowledges that the transactions occurred in his personal Verdmont account, but he notes that there is no evidence as to who placed the orders and when they were placed. That is true, but in the absence of any indication that it was anyone other than Sidders, I draw the reasonable and logical inference that he, as the

63 2014 ABCA 273 (Walton) at para 29

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

account owner, gave the instructions and placed the orders at some time close to the time of the trade. It was open to Sidders to adduce evidence to the contrary. He chose not to.

[210] On November 8, Sidders purchased 15,000 shares, but sold them the same day at a loss of approximately $0.23 per share. He then continued to purchase shares until December 2, although he sold 3000 shares on November 30. By December 2, he had accumulated approximately $500,000 worth of Quadra shares.

[211] Staff must prove that at the time of Sidders’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Quadra, and that he was in a special relationship with Quadra.

[212] Staff alleges that Cornish tipped Sidders regarding Quadra. There is no direct evidence that he did. Further, and in contrast to the case against Caruso, Hutchinson did not implicate Sidders at any time. As noted above, she had no reason to believe that Sidders was involved in the scheme, and she was surprised to learn of Staff’s allegations against Sidders.

[213] Any conclusion that Sidders was in possession of material facts about Quadra, or that he was in a special relationship with Quadra, will require an inference drawn based on communications between him and Cornish, and the nature of his trading.

[214] Staff points to telephone contact between Cornish and Sidders between October 14 and December 6, 2011. However, Staff does not submit that this contact was uncharacteristic of the usual pattern of communication between them. Cornish and Sidders communicated frequently in the months leading up to October 2011, and as Stuart agreed on cross-examination, the pattern of telephone contact between Cornish and Sidders did not change after Sidders sold his shares following the December 6 announcement. Accordingly, I place no weight on this evidence.

[215] As for Sidders’s trades, Staff submits that these were risky for him given the value at stake when compared to his net worth. Based on the only relevant evidence adduced, Sidders’s net worth was no higher than $350,000 in June 2011. It is possible that Sidders understated his net worth, but there is no evidence to that effect, and it is logical to infer that the information he provided is accurate. The documents are sufficient for me to draw an adverse inference from Sidders’s choice not to dispute their contents.

[216] I therefore accept Staff’s submission that Sidders’s significant concentration in one issuer relative to his net worth suggests (but does not establish) that Sidders was in possession of MNPI. However, net worth is not the only relevant basis of measurement. I am unable to determine whether Sidders’s Quadra trades represented a significant percentage of his overall portfolio,64 or whether they were uncharacteristic for him, because the trading records entered into evidence were incomplete. They show the trades in Sidders’s Sub-B account, but not in what are presumably one or more other sub-accounts. Staff was not able to advise how many other sub-accounts or principal accounts Sidders held at Verdmont.

[217] The significance of the incomplete trading records is further highlighted by the fact that while Staff adduced the Canaccord account document to establish Sidders’s net worth, I received no evidence or analysis about any trading Sidders may have conducted in that account. Moreover, in the Canaccord account document, Sidders states that he is employed as an “Independent Trader” at an asset management firm in Bermuda. I received no evidence or analysis about Sidders’s trading at that firm.

[218] Further, the records from Verdmont were redacted to show only certain trades. Stuart testified that Staff received the records in redacted form from staff at the British Columbia Securities Commission, but he was unable to explain why the redactions were made or who made them. It is tempting to conclude that the records were redacted to show only trades in Quadra, but that would require speculation on my part. Further, even if that is correct, it leaves me unable to get a sense of how the trades that are visible fit into Sidders’s overall portfolio and trading patterns.

[219] For the same reasons, I must reject Staff’s submission that its allegations against Sidders are supported by the fact that there is no evidence that Sidders had previously traded in Quadra. The limited evidence adduced is insufficient for me to make that finding.

[220] With respect to trading records generally, Staff submits, and I agree, that there is no obligation on Staff to conduct a world-wide search to ensure that it has collected all of an individual’s account and trading records. However, the fact remains that the records produced here are obviously incomplete. In my view, they fall short of what would be necessary for me to draw inferences about the impugned trading, and they fall short of supporting the drawing of an adverse inference as a result of Sidders’s decision not to testify about his trading. He ought not to be put to that burden

64 Azeff at para 45

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on the basis of these records, and in the absence of a specific allegation, of which he had notice, alleging that these were his first trades in Quadra.

[221] Staff also maintains that by trading in an off-shore account, Sidders sought to conceal his trading. I do not accept this submission. Sidders traded Quadra shares in an account in his name, that he appeared to have had since 2005, well before the scheme is alleged to have begun.

[222] As Caruso did, Sidders points to the publicly available information regarding Quadra (see paragraph [169] above). In addition, Sidders refers to, among other things, the following correspondence between him and Cornish:

a. On October 17, Cornish sent Sidders the Scotia Capital report referred to in paragraph [169] above. The report named Quadra as a top pick and set a one-year target price well in excess of the then-current trading price. It is noteworthy that Cornish sent this to Sidders two days before Hutchinson was added to the Quadra file at Davies.

b. On November 3, Sidders sent Cornish the two e-mails, referred to in paragraph [179] above, that described the public statements made by KGHM’s CEO confirming that KGHM intended to make a bid for a Canadian mining company.

c. On November 14, Cornish sent Sidders the TD Securities Action Notes referred to in paragraph [169] above.

[223] Further, Sidders submits that his sales of shares on November 8 and December 2 are inconsistent with his having had MNPI. I do not find the November 8 sale persuasive, given that it came at the beginning of his accumulation of Quadra shares. The December 2 sale does suggest that he was not in possession of MNPI.

[224] Finally, Sidders submits that Staff’s entire case against him is unsustainable because Staff makes no allegations that he engaged in improper trading in five of the eight subject transactions, and Staff has offered no theory as to why Cornish would tip Sidders on only three of the transactions. I do not accept the full force of that submission, although I do consider the lack of congruity to be a relevant factor. Having said that, I do not give it significant weight.

[225] Taking all of the circumstantial evidence into account, I am not prepared to infer that Sidders traded while in possession of MNPI regarding Quadra. The evidence against Sidders in respect of Quadra is not clear, convincing and cogent, due to the following weaknesses:

a. the incompleteness of the trading records, which precludes an assessment of how Sidders’s Quadra purchases compare to his overall portfolio or to his usual trading patterns;

b. the existence of publicly available information that would support investment in Quadra shares;

c. communication between Cornish and Sidders that included publicly available information regarding Quadra;

d. Hutchinson’s surprise that Sidders is alleged to have participated in the scheme;

e. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Sidders;

f. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement; and

g. no attempt by Sidders to conceal his trading.

[226] Staff’s allegations against Sidders relating to Quadra are dismissed. It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Sidders regarding Quadra is dismissed.

D. Barrick/Newmont

1. The contemplated transaction: Barrick confidentially expresses interest in acquiring Newmont

[227] The second of the potential transactions is the proposed acquisition by Barrick Gold Corporation (Barrick) of all of the outstanding shares of Newmont Mining Corporation (Newmont).

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[228] Staff alleges that Caruso and Sidders traded in securities of Newmont and Barrick while in possession of MNPI about both issuers. Staff alleges that Hutchinson communicated that MNPI to Cornish, who then relayed it to Caruso and Sidders. Both Barrick and Newmont were reporting issuers in Ontario, with their shares trading on the TSX.

[229] On September 21, 2012 Davies opened a file for this transaction, with Barrick as its client. The file was given a code name.

[230] On February 18, 2013, Barrick confidentially communicated to Newmont that Barrick was interested in acquiring Newmont. On March 15, 2013, Newmont confidentially declined Barrick’s expression of interest.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[231] Hutchinson was added to the file on January 11, 2013. She testified that there were many lawyers working on the transaction, and that she was able to see the emails of everyone involved. There is no evidence as to when Hutchinson became aware of any particular information relating to the proposed deal.

[232] Staff adduced records from Davies showing time spent on the file by lawyers and others, and documents created by Davies. Each of these documents is headed “Documents created on or before February 19, 2013”. Staff offered no explanation as to the reason for that date limitation (being one day after the expression of interest) and why there is no evidence of any activity after February 19.

[233] In her testimony, Hutchinson initially stated that when she first began working for a particular Davies lawyer, she saw that lawyer’s many binders relating to the transaction. However, on cross-examination, she conceded that she had not started to work for the lawyer until 2014, after the relevant time for this transaction. Records from Davies showing who billed time to the file up to February 18, 2013, do not show that lawyer’s name.

[234] Hutchinson testified that she told Cornish the names of the parties involved, and that Davies was representing Barrick. However, when asked whether she remembered telling Cornish any other specific information, she said:

Not specifically. I just remember because it was an on-and-off deal, and it was more a merger of equals, so I think I must have told him the price because I didn’t think they did it because the premium was so low at that point because it was – it was all over the street.65

[235] On cross-examination, Hutchinson elaborated, agreeing that there were “many rumours around at the time about the transaction”.66

[236] Hutchinson received no money for this transaction. She testified that she did not believe that Cornish or Caruso traded.

3. Publicly available information

[237] There was no evidence led regarding analyst reports or similar discussions of these issuers or a potential transaction. However, Hutchinson’s testimony that “it was all over the street” is noteworthy.

4. Price trends during the relevant time

[238] Shares of Newmont closed at prices ranging between $44.10 and $45.28 between February 4 and 14, 2013. The closing price dropped steadily to $40.56 over the next three trading days, opening at $40.69 on the day of Caruso’s first trade in Newmont securities, three days after Barrick communicated its interest to Newmont.

[239] From February 1 to 19, 2013, shares of Barrick closed at prices ranging between $31.72 and $32.84. The closing price dropped to below $31.00 on February 20 and 21, but then recovered during the following week. During March, the closing price ranged from $29.22 to $30.61.

5. Cornish

[240] Staff does not allege that Cornish traded in securities of Barrick or Newmont while in possession of MNPI. As for Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso and Sidders, there is no direct evidence that he did so. I will address that allegation in my analysis below regarding Caruso’s and Sidders’s trading.

65 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 24 lines 7-11 66 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 51 lines 13-15

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

6. Caruso

[241] On February 21, 2013, three days after Barrick delivered its expression of interest to Newmont, Caruso bought 50 Barrick put options and 50 Newmont call options. That same day, he bought 15,000 shares of Newmont, for a total cost of approximately $610,000. Over the ensuing three weeks, Caruso completed the following transactions:

a. on February 25, he sold 3,000 shares of Newmont and 25 of the Barrick put options;

b. on February 27, he bought 3,000 shares of Newmont and sold 25 of the Newmont call options;

c. on February 28, he bought 25 Barrick put options and then later sold 50 Barrick put options; and

d. on March 18, he sold the 15,000 Newmont shares.

[242] Staff provided no analysis as to the profit that Caruso made, or the loss he suffered, on these trades.

[243] Staff must prove that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Barrick and Newmont, and that he was in a special relationship with those issuers.

[244] Staff alleges, and Caruso denies, that Cornish tipped Caruso. There is no direct evidence that he did. Staff relies on:

a. Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence that Cornish told her he would pass along information to Caruso; and

b. circumstantial evidence regarding Caruso’s trading.

[245] As I explained above with respect to Quadra, I give no weight to Hutchinson’s evidence about Caruso’s involvement. I turn to a review of the circumstantial evidence.

[246] Staff relies on phone contact between Hutchinson and Cornish, and between Cornish and Caruso, from January 11 to March 15, 2013. However, Staff did not provide any analysis of this phone contact to suggest that it was uncharacteristically frequent.

[247] While Staff notes that Caruso called Cornish on the morning of Caruso’s first trades (February 21, 2013), I cannot conclude that the call was suspicious. First, it was from Caruso to Cornish rather than the other way around; that fact does not exclude the possibility that Cornish was tipping Caruso, but neither does it suggest that he was. Second, as discussed above, the two communicated so frequently that it is not noteworthy that they communicated that morning.

[248] Once again, Staff contends that Caruso should not be believed, because he implausibly denies having discussed Barrick with Cornish. In fact, his answer to that question was “Not to my recollection.” If Staff wanted to rely on a categorical denial, Staff needed to follow up in some way, for example by asking Caruso on cross-examination whether Caruso was ruling out the possibility.

[249] Staff submits that Caruso’s decision to buy Newmont call options and Barrick put options is consistent with his having known that Barrick intended to acquire Newmont. This is so, according to Staff, because following announcement of the transaction, the share price of Newmont (the target) would rise, and the share price of Barrick (the acquiror) would drop. While I accept that generally, one would expect the price of a prospective target’s shares to rise on news (or rumour) that the target is in play, I do not accept, without analysis in support, that the price of an acquiror’s shares would reliably be expected to decline in such circumstances.

[250] In any event, Caruso denies that he possessed any MNPI, and he submits that there were good reasons for his trades:

a. on February 14, 2013, one week before his first trades, an article in the financial press referred to Barrick taking a US$4.2 billion write-down relating to disappointing results at one of its mines;

b. Barrick’s share price hit a high of $33.38 on February 14, but closed at $30.81 on February 20, the day before Caruso’s first trades; and

c. on February 21, Newmont issued press releases that could reasonably be seen to have contained positive news.

[251] Caruso testified that he had watched Barrick and Newmont for some time, and that his trades were consistent with his usual trading strategy. His evidence was neither contradicted nor seriously challenged on cross-examination. I have no

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reason to disbelieve it. Further, Caruso’s trades were not unidirectional with respect to either issuer. In other words, there is no pattern to his trading that suggests convincingly that he possessed MNPI.

[252] As I explained with respect to the Quadra transaction, I do not find it persuasive that there is no evidence that Caruso had previously traded in securities of Barrick or Newmont.

[253] Once again, I do not find that the evidence is clear, convincing and cogent. In weighing all the evidence, I note the following weaknesses:

a. Hutchinson’s apparent confusion about for whom she worked in connection with this transaction, and when and how she first learned of information regarding the transaction;

b. the absence of any evidence as to when Hutchinson learned that Newmont was the other party to the transaction;

c. Hutchinson’s inability to recall whether she told Cornish anything other than the names of the parties;

d. Hutchinson’s testimony that “it was all over the street”, which suggests that any information that Cornish might have passed along to Caruso and/or Sidders would already be reflected in the prices of the securities, and therefore would not be MNPI;

e. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading;

f. a credible explanation for the trading, as being consistent with objective standards and Caruso’s established practice;

g. no evidence or explanation as to any activities after February 18, 2013, involving Hutchinson or anyone else at Davies, leaving an unanswered question as to what MNPI would have guided Caruso’s trading after his initial trades;

h. an absence of direct evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme (other than Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence, which I have declined to rely on to implicate Caruso);

i. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

j. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

k. transactions that were inconsistent with the possession of MNPI (unless they were done deliberately to have that effect, a speculative leap I am not prepared to make); and

l. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[254] I therefore find that Staff has not established that Caruso was in possession of MNPI at the time of his trades in securities of Barrick or Newmont. Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding this transaction are dismissed.

[255] It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Caruso regarding Barrick or Newmont is dismissed.

7. Sidders

(a) Did Sidders conduct any trades at all in shares of Newmont (i.e., did Staff establish that Sidders controlled the Rhinoceros Capital account)?

[256] In the Statement of Allegations, Staff alleges that Sidders carried out his trading in two accounts at Verdmont – one account in Sidders’s own name (through which Sidders traded in Quadra shares), and one account in the name of “his Panama-incorporated company”. That company is not identified in the Statement of Allegations.

[257] At the hearing, Staff adduced evidence with respect to an account at Verdmont in the name of Rhinoceros Capital S.A. (Rhinoceros Capital). The Rhinoceros Capital account purchased 7000 shares of Newmont between February 20 and 22, 2013, and sold 2500 shares of Newmont on March 7, 2013, at a loss. There is no evidence as to when, if ever, Rhinoceros Capital sold the remaining 4500 shares.

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[258] Staff submits that Sidders was the owner of the Rhinoceros Capital account and that he directed the trading in that account while in possession of MNPI obtained from Cornish. Sidders submits that Staff has failed to prove these allegations.

[259] Staff relies on account documentation for the Rhinoceros Capital account, which shows that Rhinoceros Capital was incorporated on February 1, 2013, and that the beneficial owner of the account was Fairpoint Capital Foundation. At the time of the impugned trades, Sidders’s address was 9 Fairpoint Gardens, Pembroke, Bermuda.

[260] Staff also relies on an affidavit that Sidders swore in February 2015 (two years after the impugned trading), in a United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proceeding, in which Sidders sought to have the SEC release the assets of “Rhinoceros Inc.”. In closing submissions, Staff suggested that Rhinoceros Inc. and Rhinoceros Capital S.A. are the same corporation, in that the suffixes “Inc.” and “S.A.” are equivalent, depending on whether the relevant jurisdiction operates under common law or civil law. While there may be some truth to that in substance, I am not prepared to accept, without more, that in Panama, “Inc.” and “S.A.” are mere translations of each other with respect to the same company. Further, Staff’s suggestion does not explain why the word “Capital” is present in Rhinoceros Capital S.A. but not in Rhinoceros Inc.

[261] In addition, Staff relies on communications and trading in connection with the Aurora Oil & Gas Limited (Aurora) transaction, which I discuss beginning at paragraph [288] below. For the purposes of the Barrick/Newmont transaction, and particularly Staff’s allegation that Sidders directed trading in the Rhinoceros Capital account, I consider the Aurora- related communications and trades here. The evidence establishes that approximately one hour before Rhinoceros Capital purchased 5,000 shares of Aurora, Cornish forwarded Sidders emails from two brokerage firms. The emails included analyses of a number of companies, including Aurora, and classified Aurora’s stock as “buy” and “outperform”.

[262] Finally, Staff relies on an undated Verdmont Due Diligence Form. The first page of that document refers to Sidders, and under the heading “Advisor's Comments”, it says: “related to his individual account (that has been closed), Fairpoint Capital Foundation”.

[263] Sidders objected to this form being made part of the record, due to the circumstances surrounding its introduction:

a. prior to the hearing, the parties assembled a joint hearing brief;

b. by using document ID numbers, Caruso and Sidders identified some documents, disclosed to them by Staff early in the proceeding, that Caruso and Sidders wished to be included in the joint hearing brief;

c. Sidders’s counsel identified two sequential ID numbers that were not actual documents; rather they were two pages from a multi-page document that included the Verdmont form as well;

d. Sidders’s counsel did not explicitly state that it was only the two pages that should be included;

e. Staff inserted the full multi-page document into the hearing brief without verifying Sidders’s counsel’s intention;

f. the hearing brief was marked as an exhibit on consent, without Sidders’s counsel adverting to the fact that the full document had been included; and

g. it was not until oral closing submissions that the misunderstanding came to light.

[264] The parties agree, and I accept, that the misunderstanding arose through pure inadvertence. I sought submissions from the parties and decided to re-open the evidentiary portion of the hearing to allow Stuart, Staff’s investigator witness, to testify about the Verdmont form. Sidders’s counsel had the opportunity to cross-examine Stuart.

[265] I overruled Sidders’s objection and admitted the Verdmont form. In my view, while Staff ought to have been more diligent in confirming with Sidders’s counsel the instructions to insert two pages, Sidders’s counsel ought to have been more diligent in reviewing the exhibit entered on consent. Any prejudice that might be occasioned to Sidders was, in my view, overcome by his ability to cross-examine Stuart and to lead evidence in response, if necessary.

[266] Sidders submits in the alternative that I should place no weight on the form, since it is neither dated nor signed. Stuart agreed on cross-examination that he did not know who completed the form or when, and that he did not know who put together the package of documents containing the form. These are good reasons to treat the form with caution, but in my view, it is appropriate to consider the form in light of the other evidence on this issue.

[267] While I reject (for the reasons set out above) Staff’s suggestion that Rhinoceros Inc. and Rhinoceros Capital are the same corporation, the common use of “Rhinoceros” suggests a connection between the two entities. If that were the

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

only evidence, I would find it insufficient to conclude that Sidders was behind Rhinoceros Capital and that he directed trading in that account.

[268] However, I consider that evidence along with: (i) the fact that “Fairpoint” is part of Sidders’s address and part of the name of the beneficial owner of the Rhinoceros Capital account; (ii) the fact that the Verdmont due diligence form describes Fairpoint Capital Foundation as “his [Sidders’s] personal account”; and (iii) the timing of the communications and trading relating to the Aurora transaction. Taking all of that evidence together, I find that Staff has made out a prima facie case that Sidders owned and directed the trading in the Rhinoceros Capital account. In other words, that evidence is sufficient for me to draw an adverse inference against Sidders as a result of his failure to testify to the contrary. I draw that adverse inference, and I find that Sidders owned and directed the trading in the Rhinoceros Capital account from its inception.

[269] I do so despite Sidders’s submissions that:

a. Fairpoint Capital Foundation is identified as the beneficial owner of the Rhinoceros Capital account, but not as an authorized signatory; and

b. there is no evidence of who controlled Fairpoint Capital Foundation, or of who placed the orders to trade.

[270] In my view, these submissions are speculative, and the inference I have drawn above is the most likely one. If there were some truth to Sidders’s submissions to the contrary, it was open to him to testify to that effect. He did not.

(b) Did Sidders acquire the Newmont shares while he was in possession of MNPI?

[271] Staff must prove that at the time of the Rhinoceros Capital trades, Sidders had knowledge of MNPI regarding Newmont. Staff alleges that Cornish tipped Sidders. There is no direct evidence that he did. Again, any conclusion that Sidders possessed MNPI depends on circumstantial evidence regarding communications between Cornish and Sidders, and regarding Sidders’s trading.

[272] On February 19, 2013, the day before the Rhinoceros Capital account began to acquire Newmont shares, there were 20 text messages from Sidders to Cornish.67 Staff provided no analysis as to whether this was uncharacteristic. I give that evidence no weight.

[273] Staff cites the fact that the cost of the Newmont shares that Sidders acquired was approximately $285,000. As was the case with Quadra, this fact by itself tends to indicate that Sidders possessed MNPI, given that his net worth approximately nine months earlier appears to have been $50,000. However, I am unable to reach that conclusion in the face of Hutchinson’s evidence that “it was all over the street”.

[274] Staff also relied on the absence of evidence that Sidders had previously traded in Newmont shares. While the Rhinoceros Capital records are not redacted in the same way that Sidders’s personal account records were, the incompleteness of the records precludes the suggested conclusion. In addition, and as was the case with the Quadra transaction, there is an insufficient basis for me to draw an adverse inference on this point.

[275] In conclusion, I am not prepared to infer that Sidders traded in shares of Newmont while in possession of MNPI. The evidence against him is not clear, convincing and cogent, due to:

a. Hutchinson’s apparent confusion about for whom she worked in connection with this transaction, and when and how she first learned of information regarding the transaction;

b. the absence of any evidence as to when Hutchinson learned that Newmont was the other party to the transaction;

c. Hutchinson’s inability to recall whether she told Cornish anything other than the names of the parties – her assertion that she “must have” told him the price of the contemplated transaction was not convincing;

67 In written submissions, Staff stated that there were 34 text messages exchanged between Cornish and Sidders that day. Staff cited only Sidders’s phone records in support. My analysis of those records shows 20 text messages from Sidders to Cornish and no information about incoming text messages to Sidders.

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e. no evidence or explanation as to any activities after February 18, 2013, involving Hutchinson or anyone else at Davies, leaving an unanswered question as to what MNPI would have guided Caruso’s trading after his initial trades;

f. the fact that the only evidence of a sale by Rhinoceros Capital of Newmont shares resulted in a loss;

g. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Sidders;

h. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Sidders to Cornish or Hutchinson;

i. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

j. the incompleteness of Sidders’s trading records, which precludes an assessment of how his purchases compare to his overall portfolio or to his usual trading patterns; and

k. Hutchinson’s surprise that Sidders is alleged to have participated in the scheme.

[276] Staff’s allegations against Sidders with respect to Newmont are dismissed. It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Sidders regarding Newmont is dismissed.

E. Rainy River

1. The transaction: New Gold acquires Rainy River

[277] The third of the transactions is the acquisition by New Gold Inc. (New Gold) of all of the outstanding shares of Rainy River Resources Ltd. (Rainy River).

[278] Staff alleges that Cornish traded in shares of Rainy River while in possession of MNPI that Hutchinson communicated to him. Rainy River was a reporting issuer in Ontario. Its shares traded on the TSX.

[279] All of the dates discussed below fall within the year 2013.

[280] Davies opened a file for this transaction, with Rainy River as its client, on May 14. Davies appears to have had a limited role, and another law firm was Rainy River’s primary counsel.

[281] On May 31, New Gold acquired Rainy River.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[282] Hutchinson accessed documents relating to this transaction on May 23. She remembered this deal but did not remember anything specific about it. She did not work on the transaction very much, and while she could not remember for certain that she told Cornish that Davies acted for Rainy River, she said she was “sure [she] must have.”68

[283] Hutchinson does not remember receiving any money for this transaction.

3. Cornish

[284] On May 30, Cornish purchased and sold 27,000 Rainy River shares in Brant’s institutional account for a loss of $1,173.

[285] Staff relies on the fact that Hutchinson and Cornish had phone contact between May 23 and May 31. Staff did not provide any analysis to demonstrate that this contact was uncharacteristic or particularly timely.

[286] I find that Staff has not established that Cornish was in possession of MNPI at the time of his trades in shares of Rainy River. I reach this conclusion because:

a. there is no evidence about what Hutchinson knew about this transaction and when she knew it;

b. Hutchinson has no recollection of telling Cornish even that Davies acted for Rainy River;

68 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 25 lines 8-12

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c. there is no evidence that Cornish’s trades were uncharacteristic, especially significant, or particularly risky;

d. Cornish’s sales of the shares the same day he purchased them, and the loss he experienced on the sales, do not suggest that he was in possession of MNPI at the time;

e. there is no evidence of uncharacteristic or particularly timely communication between Hutchinson and Cornish; and

f. Cornish did not attempt to conceal his trading.

[287] Staff’s allegations against Cornish regarding Rainy River are dismissed.

F. Aurora

1. The transaction: Baytex acquires Aurora

[288] The fourth transaction is the acquisition by Baytex Energy Corp. (Baytex) of all of the outstanding shares of Aurora Oil & Gas Limited (Aurora).

[289] Staff alleges that Caruso and Sidders traded in securities of Aurora while in possession of MNPI. Staff alleges that Hutchinson communicated that MNPI to Cornish, who then relayed it to Caruso and Sidders. Aurora was a reporting issuer in Ontario with its shares trading on the TSX.

[290] Davies opened a file for this transaction, with Aurora as its client, on November 18, 2013.

[291] On February 6, 2014, after the market close, Baytex announced that it would acquire all of Aurora’s outstanding shares.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[292] Caruso points out that in Hutchinson’s settlement agreement, she made no admissions regarding this transaction. I give that fact no weight. A settlement agreement is a product of negotiation, and there may be many reasons the parties to the agreement choose to include or exclude certain matters.

[293] Records from Davies indicate that Hutchinson accessed a document on this file on November 18, 2013, the day that Davies was retained. The Davies records do not disclose any other access by Hutchinson to documents.

[294] During her investigation interviews, Hutchinson told Staff that she did not remember this transaction. At the hearing, she testified that she recalled the names of the parties but had no other recollection regarding the transaction. She had no memory of advising Cornish of any information regarding the deal. She does not recall receiving any money.

3. Publicly available information

[295] There is no evidence that information regarding the Aurora transaction had been generally disclosed prior to the public announcement.

[296] On January 2, 2014, Aurora issued a press release that forecast an almost 50% increase in total 2014 production. On January 9, 2014, an industry publication contained an article entitled “Are Beach Energy and Aurora Oil and Gas set to soar?”.

[297] On January 22, 2014, two brokerage firms issued positive commentary regarding Aurora, with target prices more than 50% greater than its trading price at the time.

4. Price trends during the relevant time

[298] In the first half of January 2014, Aurora shares closed at prices ranging from $2.73 to $2.97 per share. The price experienced a relatively steady decline through that period.

[299] From mid-January 2014 to February 6, 2014, the closing price ranged from $2.62 to $2.80 per share, and was at the lower end of that range for the week leading up to the February 6 announcement.

[300] On February 7, 2014, after the announcement, the shares closed at $4.06.

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

5. Cornish

[301] Staff does not allege that Cornish traded in securities of Aurora while in possession of MNPI. As for Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso and Sidders, there is no direct evidence that he did so. I will address that allegation in my analysis below regarding Caruso’s and Sidders’s trading.

6. Caruso

[302] On January 27, 2014, Caruso purchased 10,000 shares of Aurora in his TD Waterhouse account, for a total cost of approximately $26,800. On February 7, 2014, he sold those shares for a profit of approximately $13,800.

[303] Staff must provide that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Aurora, and that he was in a special relationship with Aurora.

[304] Staff alleges, and Caruso denies, that Cornish tipped Caruso about the transaction. As with the other transactions, there is no direct evidence that he did, and I disregard Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence as to Caruso’s involvement.

[305] As part of the circumstantial evidence on which Staff relies, Staff submits that between November 18, 2013, and February 7, 2014, there was frequent phone contact between Hutchinson and Cornish. Staff did not provide any analysis to demonstrate that this contact was uncharacteristic or particularly timely. I attach no weight to the evidence of communication between them.

[306] Staff submits that Caruso implausibly denied discussing Aurora with Cornish. Caruso’s answer regarding this transaction was closer to a denial than was the case with most of the other transactions, but again it was qualified: “Not to my knowledge, no.” Even if I were to take that answer as a denial, I am not persuaded that Caruso’s general answer about discussing specific securities with Cornish means that Caruso was saying that he discussed with Cornish every security he traded. I cannot accede to Staff’s submission that Caruso gave inconsistent evidence in this regard.

[307] Caruso testified that his purchase of Aurora shares followed a steady decline of the share price and that the purchase was consistent with his trading strategy. Staff did not cross-examine Caruso on this point, and identified no specific reason for me to disbelieve Caruso’s testimony. I accept it.

[308] I find that the evidence against Caruso is not clear, convincing or cogent, for the following reasons in particular:

a. Hutchinson having advised Staff in her investigation interview that she did not remember the transaction;

b. Hutchinson’s evidence at the hearing that she did not remember telling Cornish anything about the transaction, and that she did not remember receiving any money for the transaction;

c. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading by Caruso;

d. a credible explanation for the trading, as being consistent with objective standards and Caruso’s established practice;

e. an absence of direct evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme (other than Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence, which I have declined to rely on to implicate Caruso);

f. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

g. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

h. an absence of evidence that Caruso attempted to conceal his trading; and

i. no evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[309] I therefore find that Staff has not established that Caruso was in possession of MNPI at the time of his Aurora trades. Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding Aurora are dismissed.

[310] It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Caruso regarding Aurora is dismissed.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8577

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

7. Sidders

[311] The Rhinoceros Capital account at Verdmont purchased a total of 10,000 shares of Aurora on January 22 and January 27, 2014. On February 7, 2014, after Baytex announced the acquisition of Aurora, the Rhinoceros Capital account sold the Aurora shares for a profit of approximately $12,700.

[312] As I explained above with respect to the Barrick/Newmont transaction, I find that Sidders owned and controlled the Rhinoceros Capital account at the relevant time and that he directed the trading in that account.

[313] Staff must prove that at the time of Sidders’s trades in the Rhinoceros Capital account, he had knowledge of material facts about Aurora, and that he was in a special relationship with Aurora.

[314] Staff alleges that Cornish tipped Sidders about the transaction. There is no direct evidence that he did. Staff relies on circumstantial evidence.

[315] As Staff points out, there appears to have been telephone contact between Cornish and Sidders on January 20, 2014, two days before Rhinoceros Capital’s first purchase of Aurora shares. That call was seven seconds long. My review of Cornish’s phone records suggests that there were also three calls between Cornish and Sidders on December 26, 2013, one on January 3, 2014, and one on each of February 18 and 24, 2014. Taking into account the length of the January 20 call and the distribution of the other calls in December and February, I do not find the evidence sufficiently compelling to draw any conclusions about the content (if any) of the January 20 call.

[316] Sidders notes that at 10:30am on January 22, Cornish sent him two emails attaching the analyst coverage referred to in paragraph [297] above. Sidders asserts that this email preceded the Rhinoceros Capital trade that day, although I was not directed to any evidence in support of that assertion. Nonetheless, it is at least as likely that the assertion is correct than it is incorrect. Sidders also notes that the emails preceded the seven-second call between Cornish and Sidders referred to above.

[317] I am not prepared to find that the evidence against Sidders is clear, convincing and cogent, for the following reasons in particular:

a. Hutchinson advised Staff in her investigation interview that she did not remember the transaction;

b. Hutchinson’s evidence at the hearing that she did not remember telling Cornish anything about the transaction, and that she did not remember receiving any money for the transaction;

c. the existence of positive public commentary about Aurora shares;

d. Cornish’s emails of January 22, which included positive analyst coverage regarding Aurora, and which appear to have preceded Sidders’s first trade;

e. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading by Sidders;

f. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Sidders;

g. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

h. no evidence of compensation flowing from Sidders to Cornish or Hutchinson; and

i. Hutchinson’s surprise that Sidders is alleged to have participated in the scheme.

[318] Staff’s allegations against Sidders with respect to Aurora are dismissed. It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Sidders regarding Aurora is dismissed.

G. Osisko

1. The transaction: Agnico and Yamana acquire Osisko

[319] The fifth transaction is the acquisition of Osisko Mining Corporation (Osisko) by Agnico Eagle Mines Limited (Agnico) and Yamana Gold Inc. (Yamana).

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[320] Staff alleges that Caruso traded in shares of Osisko while in possession of MNPI that Hutchinson communicated to Cornish and that Cornish then communicated to Caruso. Osisko was a reporting issuer in Ontario, with its shares trading on the TSX.

[321] All of the relevant dates discussed below fall within the year 2014.

[322] On January 13, Goldcorp Inc. made a $2.6 billion unsolicited take-over bid for Osisko. Following that, Agnico began to explore a potential bid for Osisko.

[323] Agnico retained Davies with respect to the potential bid. The evidence was unclear as to precisely when Davies opened its file, although it appears that it was in mid-January, and nothing turns on the particular date.

[324] Through the rest of January, and through February, Agnico had discussions with its advisers and with Osisko about a potential transaction. In March and April, Agnico and Newmont (one of the issuers in the Barrick/Newmont transaction referred to above) discussed a possible alternative transaction involving Osisko.

[325] On April 2, Osisko issued a press release in which it announced that Osisko and Yamana had entered into an agreement pursuant to which Yamana would acquire a 50% interest in Osisko’s mining and exploration assets.

[326] Ultimately, on April 14, Agnico and Yamana confidentially submitted a joint proposal to acquire Osisko. Agnico’s and Yamana’s acquisition of Osisko was announced publicly on April 16.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[327] Hutchinson testified that she remembered this transaction, and that it kept changing, including as to the number of parties involved. She stated that she was not working for a lawyer involved in the deal, but that she had access to the emails of a lawyer who was involved.

[328] Records from Davies establish that on January 15, 16 and 20, Hutchinson sent and received emails with attachments regarding this transaction, including an overview of Goldcorp Inc.’s offer and a document referred to as a confidentiality agreement regarding Osisko. According to information obtained from Agnico by Staff, Agnico entered into a confidentiality agreement with Osisko on January 17.

[329] Stuart testified about a letter sent to Staff from Agnico’s General Counsel during Staff’s investigation, in response to Staff’s request for information regarding, among other things, individuals who may have had knowledge, prior to the April 16 announcement, of Agnico’s interest in pursuing an acquisition of Osisko. The letter lists Hutchinson among more than 100 individuals, and states that based on information received from Davies, Hutchinson would first have been aware on April 14.

[330] Caruso’s counsel objected to admission of the letter from Agnico, on the ground that it was hearsay evidence. Indeed, it is at least double hearsay with respect to the time that Hutchinson became aware of the transaction, in that it is Stuart testifying about a letter from Agnico that purports to advise what Davies told Agnico about Hutchinson’s knowledge. There is further reason to be cautious about the assertion, in that the Agnico letter explicitly states certain assumptions that were made about when individuals became aware. Stuart was, of course, not in a position to shed light on whether those assumptions were valid with respect to Hutchinson.

[331] Even without the Agnico letter’s statement about Hutchinson’s knowledge, but based on the undisputed sequence of events in the Agnico transaction, I conclude that Hutchinson was aware of Agnico’s interest in Osisko by no later than April 14.

[332] Hutchinson testified that she remembers telling Cornish about the transaction, including that Davies represented Agnico, the change in structure of the deal, and the date (when she became aware of it). She stated that Cornish gave her approximately $2,000-$3,000 for information regarding this transaction. Hutchinson understood from Cornish that this money came from Caruso.

3. Publicly available information

[333] There is no evidence that information regarding this transaction was generally disclosed before the public announcement on April 16.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8579

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

4. Price trends during the relevant time

[334] Shares of Osisko closed at $7.35 on April 2 (the day of the Osisko/Yamana partnership announcement, and two weeks before the final announcement), and closed at prices ranging from $7.22 to $7.63 over the next eleven days, hitting that peak on April 14. On April 15, the day before the announcement, the closing price dropped from $7.63 to $7.43. On April 16, after the announcement, the closing price jumped to $7.94.

5. Cornish

[335] Staff does not allege that Cornish traded in securities of any issuers connected with this transaction, while he was in possession of MNPI. As for Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso, there is no direct evidence that he did so. I will address that allegation in my analysis below regarding Caruso’s trading.

6. Caruso

[336] On April 1, Caruso bought 11,000 shares of Osisko in his personal TD Waterhouse account. He sold the shares the next day, for an average profit of $0.23 per share.

[337] On April 15, Caruso bought 30,000 shares of Osisko in his personal TD Waterhouse account, and 50,000 shares of Osisko in an account he held at Barrington Investments Ltd. in the name of his corporation, Q Capital Investments Ltd. (Q Capital). The purchases were for $7.49 to $7.50 per share, prices below the closing price on each of the five previous trading days.

[338] The following day, after the announcement of this transaction, Caruso sold his shares in both accounts, for a total profit of approximately $27,200.

[339] Staff must prove that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Osisko, and that he was in a special relationship with Osisko.

[340] Staff alleges, and Caruso denies, that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding Osisko. As with the other transactions, there is no direct evidence that he did, and I disregard Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence as to Caruso’s involvement.

[341] As part of the circumstantial evidence on which Staff relies, Staff cites the fact that Hutchinson called Cornish twice on April 14, 2014, and once on April 15, 2014. Staff also notes that Cornish and Caruso exchanged text messages later in the morning of April 15, 2014, the day of Caruso’s trades. Staff says that the timing of these communications is suspicious.

[342] That selective submission highlights the problem I discussed at paragraphs [104] to [117] above. My own review of Hutchinson’s phone records reveals that she called Cornish twice on each of April 10 and 11, six times on April 2, once on each of March 27 and April 1, three times on March 26, and frequently in the preceding weeks. Cornish’s phone records show that he and Caruso exchanged text messages very frequently on many of the days leading up to April 15 – my review suggests they did so 30 times on April 12, sixteen times on April 13, and nine times on April 14. To further illustrate the point by selecting dates in early March, well before any impugned trading, Cornish and Caruso exchanged text messages eight times on March 2, ten times on March 5, and seven times on March 6.

[343] Again, Staff has not demonstrated that the communications on which it relies were uncharacteristic. I attach no weight to them.

[344] As with other transactions, Staff submits that Caruso implausibly denied discussing Osisko with Cornish. Once again, Caruso did not rule out the possibility. When asked, Caruso replied: “Not to my recollection.”

[345] Staff also relies on the fact that Caruso did some of his trading through the Q Capital account, where Staff says his interest was veiled. The suggested implication, that Caruso did so in order to conceal his trading, is undermined by the fact that Caruso traded at the same time in the TD Waterhouse account in his name.

[346] I also have difficulty with Staff’s contention that Caruso split his trading across multiple accounts so as to avoid drawing attention to the amount of trading. A pattern to that effect might be persuasive, but in this case there is no such pattern. In two of the subject transactions, Caruso did all of his trading in his TD Waterhouse accounts. Further, in fairness to Caruso, if Staff wanted to ask me to draw this conclusion, it was incumbent on Staff to ask Caruso in cross-examination why he was trading in multiple accounts simultaneously.69 There are plausible innocent explanations for doing so, and

69 Walton at para 143

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without that question having been explored with Caruso, I cannot find that it is more likely than not that Caruso did so for nefarious purposes.

[347] I also find that the April 1 and 2 trades are inconsistent with Caruso having had MNPI. They are not inconsistent with his having acquired MNPI between April 3 and 15, but there is no evidence of that happening. Caruso testified that he bought Osisko shares on April 15 because Goldcorp had increased its bid, he thought another bid may be forthcoming, and the gold industry was very active at the time. Staff did not offer a basis to reject Caruso’s explanation. I accept his evidence.

[348] I do not find that the evidence in support of Staff’s allegations against Caruso with respect to Osisko is clear, convincing and cogent. I note the following weaknesses:

a. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading;

b. a credible explanation for the trading, as being consistent with objective standards and Caruso’s established practice;

c. an absence of direct evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme (other than Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence, which I have declined to rely on to implicate Caruso);

d. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

e. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

f. evidence that is inconsistent with an attempt by Caruso to conceal his trading; and

g. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[349] I therefore find that Staff has not established that Caruso was in possession of MNPI at the time of his Osisko trades. Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding Osisko are dismissed.

[350] It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Caruso regarding Osisko is dismissed.

H. Allergan

1. The transaction: Valeant proposes to merge with Allergan

[351] The sixth transaction was the proposed merger of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (Valeant) with Allergan, Inc. (Allergan).

[352] Staff alleges that Caruso traded in shares of Allergan while in possession of MNPI that Hutchinson communicated to Cornish and that Cornish then communicated to Caruso.

[353] All of the dates discussed below fall within the year 2014.

[354] Davies acted for a US investment firm that was a shareholder of Allergan. The US firm was assisting Valeant with the transaction.

[355] Davies opened its file on February 20. On April 22, Valeant announced that it proposed to acquire Allergan.

2. Allergan was not a reporting issuer

[356] In its current form, s. 76(1) of the Act, which prohibits illegal insider trading, refers to trading in any “issuer”, which term is defined in s. 76(5) to include any reporting issuer, or any other issuer whose securities are publicly traded.

[357] However, in 2014, the relevant time with respect to this transaction, the insider tipping and trading provisions in s. 76 of the Act were limited to reporting issuers. Allergan was not a reporting issuer. Therefore, Staff could not, and did not attempt to, establish that Caruso contravened s. 76(1) of the Act. Staff alleges instead that Caruso’s conduct would have amounted to illegal insider trading had Allergan been a reporting issuer, and that his conduct was contrary to the public interest.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8581

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

3. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[358] As was the case with the Aurora transaction, Caruso notes that in Hutchinson’s settlement agreement, she made no admissions regarding the Allergan transaction. For the reasons set out above in paragraph [292], I give that fact no weight.

[359] Staff adduced no specific evidence as to Hutchinson’s involvement with the Allergan deal or the timing of her involvement. Staff led no evidence that Hutchinson had access to any documents related to the deal, or to relevant emails at the critical time. In written submissions, Staff asserts that during this transaction, Hutchinson had access to a lawyer’s emails “as this transaction overlapped with the Allergan [sic] Transaction.”70 I presume that the intended reference is to the Osisko transaction, given the proximity in time. However, there is no clear evidence to support Staff’s submission, and while it would not be surprising if it were factually true, it would be impermissible speculation on my part to reach that conclusion.

[360] Hutchinson testified that she vaguely remembered the deal, although on cross-examination, Hutchinson agreed that she did not “really remember” the transaction.71 Further, she had no specific recollection of speaking to Cornish about the transaction (but believes that she did) or that Davies was representing the US firm. She had no memory of being paid regarding this transaction.

[361] Staff did not ask her about this transaction during her investigation interviews, and she stated during the second of those interviews that she had no recollection of any transactions that had not been addressed by Staff.

4. Publicly available information

[362] There is no evidence that information regarding the Allergan transaction was in the public domain prior to the April 22 announcement.

5. Price trends during the relevant time

[363] In the week preceding Caruso’s purchase of Allergan shares, the closing price on the NYSE climbed steadily from US$116.63 on April 10, to US$133.93 on April 17. On April 21, the day of Caruso’s purchase, the shares closed at US$142.00. On April 22, the day that Caruso sold the shares, the closing price was US$163.65.

6. Cornish

[364] Staff does not allege that Cornish traded in securities of Allergan while in possession of MNPI. As for Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso, there is no direct evidence that he did so. I will address that allegation in my analysis below regarding Caruso’s trading.

7. Caruso

[365] On April 21, Caruso bought 2700 shares of Allergan in his TD Waterhouse accounts and 5800 shares of Allergan in his Q Capital account at Barrington Investments. These were significant purchases, totaling approximately US$1.2 million.

[366] On April 22, after the public announcement of Valeant’s merger proposal, Caruso sold all of his Allergan shares for a total profit of approximately US$205,000.

[367] Staff alleges that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Allergan, and that he was in a special relationship with Allergan. Staff further alleges that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding Allergan. There is no direct evidence that he did. Staff relies on circumstantial evidence.

[368] Records obtained by Staff from Davies disclose that between April 19 and 21, a senior Davies partner was reviewing a draft offer letter and press release relating to this transaction. On April 20, and in the morning of April 21, Hutchinson and Cornish were in contact by telephone. Staff says that the timing of these communications was suspicious. However, again, Staff has not demonstrated that the communications were uncharacteristic. I attach no weight to them.

[369] Because Caruso effected approximately one third of his trades through his personal TD Waterhouse accounts, I also reject Staff’s submission that Caruso attempted to conceal his trading.

[370] Finally, Caruso notes that on April 21, after he first entered his order for the Allergan shares, but before that order was filled, Caruso entered two “Change Former Orders”, in an attempt to obtain a marginally lower price rather than an

70 Closing Written Submissions of Staff dated May 3, 2019 at para 374 71 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 56 lines 18-20

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

immediate fill. Caruso submits that this behaviour is inconsistent with him having known that a bid was about to be announced. I accept this submission. I cannot find, as Staff asks me to, that it is more likely than not that Caruso entered these Change Former Orders in a deliberate effort to conceal illegal trading.

[371] I do not find that the evidence in support of Staff’s allegations against Caruso with respect to Allergan is clear, convincing and cogent. I note the following weaknesses:

a. critically, the absence of any clear evidence that Hutchinson had access to confidential documents or emails;

b. Hutchinson’s evidence in her investigation examination that she did not remember this transaction;

c. Hutchinson’s testimony at the hearing that she only vaguely remembers the deal, and has no memory of speaking to Cornish about it, or of being paid any money for it;

d. a credible explanation for the trading, given the steadily increasing price of the shares in the days leading up to Caruso’s purchase;

e. Caruso’s entering of the Change Former Orders;

f. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading;

g. an absence of reliable evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme;

h. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

i. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

j. evidence that is inconsistent with an attempt by Caruso to conceal his trading; and

k. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[372] I therefore decline to find that Caruso engaged in conduct contrary to the public interest with respect to his trades in Allergan. Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding Allergan are dismissed.

[373] It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Caruso regarding Allergan is dismissed.

I. Tim Hortons

1. The transaction: Burger King acquires Tim Hortons

[374] The seventh transaction is the acquisition by Burger King Worldwide Inc. (Burger King) of all of the shares of Tim Hortons Inc. (Tim Hortons).

[375] Staff alleges that Cornish and Caruso traded in securities of Tim Hortons while in possession of MNPI that Hutchinson communicated to Cornish and that Cornish then communicated to Caruso. Tim Hortons was a reporting issuer in Ontario, with its shares trading on the TSX.

[376] All dates discussed below are in 2014.

[377] Davies acted for Burger King. Davies opened its file on February 24, using a code name.

[378] On August 24, Tim Hortons and Burger King confirmed publicly that they were in discussions regarding a potential strategic transaction. On August 26, Tim Hortons and Burger King entered into an agreement for Burger King to acquire the shares of Tim Hortons, for approximately $89.32 per share, being about a 30% premium over the trading price of Tim Hortons shares at that time.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[379] Hutchinson testified that she was not working for a lawyer involved with the file but that she learned about this transaction from reading the emails of a lawyer who was involved.

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[380] Hutchinson’s evidence about the transaction was limited to the following:

a. she remembered the deal, but could not remember what emails or documents she accessed;

b. she knew Burger King was acquiring Tim Hortons;

c. the deal “kept going back and forth”,72 including with respect to its price;

d. she told Cornish about the transaction towards the beginning of the deal, including that Davies was representing Burger King;

e. she believed the beginning of the deal was in 2013 or 2014;

f. she updated Cornish “as to the status of the deal over however long the period of time was”,73 whenever something changed about the deal, but she could not remember specifically what she told Cornish or when she told him;

g. Cornish told her that he was trading in Tim Hortons shares, because he had traded Tim Hortons before and it would therefore not look as suspicious; and

h. Cornish paid her $7,000 in cash, which she understood came from him and Caruso.

[381] I accept that evidence, which was neither contradicted nor seriously challenged.

[382] However, Staff failed to lead evidence to establish that Hutchinson ever told Cornish that Tim Hortons was the target. I return to this point below.

3. Publicly available information

[383] There is no evidence that information regarding this transaction was in the public domain prior to the August 24 announcement. Increases in the trading price of Tim Hortons shares, as described below, suggest that there may have been some information, or at least speculation, in the market no later than August 6, eighteen days before the first announcement.

4. Price trends during the relevant time

[384] From February 24 (the day Davies opened its file) to March 12, the closing price of Tim Hortons shares climbed from $57.94 to $62.38. After March 12, the closing price dropped slightly and then ranged between those figures to and including August 5.

[385] On August 6, the shares closed at $64.52, up from $60.08 the previous day. The closing price hit $68.31 by August 13 and ranged between $66.90 and $68.16 until August 21. The closing price climbed to $68.78, $82.03 and $88.71 on August 22nd, 25th (the day after the announcement confirming discussions) and 26th (the day of the final announcement) respectively.

5. Cornish

[386] Between March 25 and August 26, Cornish bought shares of Tim Hortons in his Brant inventory account. He earned a profit of approximately $128,000.

[387] Staff alleges that Cornish traded in Tim Hortons shares while in possession of MNPI and while he was in a special relationship with Tim Hortons.

[388] Because Staff led no evidence that Hutchinson told Cornish that Tim Hortons was the target, any finding I make to that effect must be by inference. Based on Hutchinson’s knowledge that Tim Hortons was the target, and based on her other evidence about information she did convey to Cornish and the payment she received from Cornish, I conclude that it is reasonable and logical to infer that she told Cornish about Tim Hortons. I also consider it appropriate to draw an adverse inference against Cornish on this point, given that Staff has established a sufficient case for him to answer, and given his failure to testify.

72 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 29 lines 15-16 73 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), February 21, 2019 at 30 lines 9-10

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Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[389] I further find that the information Hutchinson conveyed to him, including the names of the parties and the transaction price, was MNPI. This conclusion is supported by the rise in the closing price of Tim Hortons shares, as described above.

[390] It therefore follows, for the reasons set out beginning at paragraph [130] above, that Cornish was in a special relationship with Tim Hortons once Hutchinson conveyed that information to him.

[391] While I cannot be certain exactly when that occurred, I have accepted Hutchinson’s evidence that it was near the beginning of the transaction. When I combine that evidence with the timing of Cornish’s trading, I conclude that Cornish knew the identity of the parties, and some pricing information, no later than March 25. He was therefore in a special relationship with Tim Hortons by that time.

[392] I reach that conclusion without relying on what Staff describes as frequent phone contact between Hutchinson and Cornish from February 25 to September 11. Once again, Staff did not provide any analysis of this phone contact to suggest that it was uncharacteristically frequent or that there was a pattern indicating the communication of MNPI.

[393] Having found that Cornish had knowledge of MNPI about Tim Hortons, and that he was in a special relationship with Tim Hortons, no later than March 25, it follows, and I find, that Cornish’s trades were in violation of s. 76(1) of the Act.

[394] With respect to Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding this transaction, there is no direct evidence that he did so. Any such conclusion would have to be based on circumstantial evidence, and will flow logically from my conclusions as to whether Caruso traded while in possession of MNPI.

6. Caruso

[395] On February 25, 2014, Caruso purchased 380 Tim Hortons call option contracts with an expiry date of October 18, 2014, for approximately US$320,000. From February 25, 2014, to September 11, 2014, Caruso purchased and sold Tim Hortons shares and options in his Q Capital account and in two accounts in his name at TD Waterhouse.

[396] After the transaction was generally disclosed, Caruso earned a profit of approximately US$1.9 million in his Q Capital account and $128,000 in his TD Waterhouse accounts.

[397] Staff must prove that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Tim Hortons, and that he was in a special relationship with Tim Hortons. Staff alleges, and Caruso denies, that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding Tim Hortons. There is no direct evidence that he did, and as explained above I give no weight to Hutchinson’s evidence about Caruso’s involvement.

[398] Staff relies on circumstantial evidence, including communications between Hutchinson and Cornish, and between Cornish and Caruso. Staff notes that on February 24, 2014, the day before Caruso’s first purchase of Tim Hortons securities, Hutchinson communicated four times by phone with Cornish. That evening, Cornish and Caruso exchanged five text messages. Staff further submits that between February 25, 2014, and September 11, 2014, Hutchinson and Cornish were in frequent phone contact.

[399] Staff provided no analysis to demonstrate that any of this contact was uncharacteristic in its frequency or timeliness.

[400] Once again, Staff asserts that Caruso implausibly denied discussing Tim Hortons with Cornish. Caruso’s answer was: “No, not to my recollection.” Staff did not follow up to clarify.

[401] Staff also cites two payments to Cornish’s company from Riverview Capital Inc. (Riverview), a company that Caruso employed to make investments and to operate a used car business. Riverview issued bank drafts for $12,000 and $3,000 on May 7 and July 10, 2014, both payable to Cornish’s company. However, there was nothing particularly noteworthy about the timing or amounts of these payments. Staff did not suggest what conclusion I should draw from them. I draw none.

[402] Caruso testified that:

a. he had always been interested in Tim Hortons, because customers were “always lined up”,74 and because he had once considered purchasing a franchise;

74 Hearing Transcript, Hutchinson (Re), March 20, 2019 at 66 line 12

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8585

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

b. his attention was drawn to Tim Hortons at the relevant time because Canada Post had recently decided it was advantageous to sell some products through Tim Hortons, given the higher customer traffic in Tim Hortons stores;

c. he believed that the Tim Hortons options were incorrectly priced in the market (i.e., they were less expensive than they ought to have been) and that he was seeking to make a profit on that error in the pricing.

[403] Caruso also notes that on March 13, less than three weeks after his first purchase, and after the price had climbed almost 8% in that time, he exercised 280 call options and immediately sold the resulting 28,000 shares. Had he waited to exercise the options and sell the shares until after the Tim Hortons transaction was announced, he would have realized a significantly greater profit. Caruso therefore submitted that his trading pattern in the Tim Hortons options was inconsistent with the trading of an individual in possession of MNPI.

[404] Similarly, on August 22, two days before Burger King and Tim Hortons announced that they were engaged in discussions, Caruso gave instructions to exercise 100 options. On August 25, the day before the transaction was announced, Caruso exercised a further 380 options, and sold the 48,000 shares resulting from the two exercises. Given that the closing price of Tim Hortons shares jumped from $74.70 on August 25 to $81.00 on August 26, Caruso submits that he lost the opportunity for approximately $240,000 in profit, and that his trades were inconsistent with his having possessed MNPI.

[405] Caruso’s evidence regarding his trading strategy was neither contradicted by any other evidence, nor undermined on cross-examination. It is of course possible that Caruso created the explanation after the fact, with the benefit of hindsight and publicly available information, but I would have no basis other than speculation to reach that conclusion. It was open to Staff to point out a flaw in Caruso’s logic, but I heard none. Staff observed that Caruso’s evidence on this point was uncorroborated, but Staff did not assist by identifying what kind of corroboration would be expected but was absent.

[406] The timing of Caruso’s first trades, and the size of the trades and of the profit he realized, give cause to be suspicious that he possessed MNPI. However, I do not find that the evidence in support of Staff’s allegations is sufficiently clear, convincing and cogent. I reach that conclusion because:

a. Caruso had a credible explanation for his trading, as being consistent with objective standards and his established practice;

b. Caruso engaged in trades that appear to be inconsistent with his having possessed MNPI, unless he engaged in those trades to create the appearance that he did not, a speculative conclusion I am not prepared to reach;

c. an absence of direct evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme (other than Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence, which I have declined to rely on to implicate Caruso);

d. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

e. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

f. an absence of evidence that Caruso attempted to conceal his trading; and

g. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[407] I therefore find that Staff has not established that Caruso was in possession of MNPI at the time of his trades in securities of Tim Hortons. Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding the Tim Hortons transaction are dismissed.

[408] It follows that Staff’s allegation against Cornish that he tipped Caruso regarding Tim Hortons is dismissed.

J. Xtreme Drilling

1. The transaction: Schlumberger acquires XSR from Xtreme

[409] The final transaction involves the acquisition by Schlumberger Limited (Schlumberger) of the XSR Coiled Tubing Services Segment from Xtreme Drilling and Coil Services Corp. (Xtreme).

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8586

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[410] Staff alleges that Caruso traded in shares of Xtreme while in possession of MNPI that Hutchinson communicated to Cornish and that Cornish then communicated to Caruso. Xtreme was a reporting issuer in Ontario, with its shares trading on the TSX.

[411] Davies opened its file on May 6, 2015, with Schlumberger as its client.

[412] On April 27, 2016, Schlumberger publicly announced that it would acquire the business from Xtreme for approximately $205 million.

2. Hutchinson’s knowledge about the transaction and communication of information to Cornish

[413] Hutchinson testified that she remembered this transaction. She recalled that it began as a share transaction and ended up as an asset transaction, that the price fluctuated a lot, and that the price ultimately paid was significantly less than was initially contemplated. Hutchinson worked for lawyers who were involved with the deal.

[414] Hutchinson told Cornish information about the deal, including that Davies represented Schlumberger. She gave Cornish updates regarding the structure, price and timing of the deal as it progressed.

[415] Hutchinson did not receive any money for this transaction. She testified that she was told that “they” lost money on the transaction, although she specified neither the person who told her that (presumably Cornish, although she did not say) nor who “they” was (presumably Cornish and Caruso, although she did not say that).

3. Publicly available information

[416] There is no evidence that information regarding this transaction was in the public domain prior to the announcement on April 27, 2016.

4. Price trends during the relevant time

[417] In the seven months following Schlumberger’s retainer of Davies, the closing price for Xtreme shares ranged from $1.50 to $2.91. From January 2016 to April 26, 2016, the day before the announcement, the closing price ranged from $1.39 to $1.83. There were no price trends during either period that are noteworthy for the purposes of this proceeding.

[418] On April 27, 2016, the day of the announcement, Xtreme shares closed at $2.62, a 43% increase over the previous day’s close.

5. Cornish

[419] Staff does not allege that Cornish engaged in illegal insider trading with respect to this transaction. As for Staff’s allegation that he tipped Caruso, there is no direct evidence that he did so. I will address that allegation in my analysis below regarding Caruso’s trading.

6. Caruso

[420] Between October 5, 2015, and April 26, 2016, Caruso accumulated more than 140,000 shares of Xtreme in his personal account, his Q Capital account, and in an account held by Riverview at RBC Direct Investing Inc.

[421] After the public announcement of the transaction, Caruso sold his shares of Xtreme, realizing a profit of approximately $30,000.

[422] Staff must prove that at the time of Caruso’s trades, he had knowledge of material facts about Xtreme, and that he was in a special relationship with Xtreme. Staff alleges, and Caruso denies, that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding Xtreme. As with the other transactions, there is no evidence that he did, and I disregard Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence as to Caruso’s involvement.

[423] There is little circumstantial evidence to support Staff’s allegations against Caruso with respect to this transaction. Staff relies on what it describes as the “proximity” of telephone contact between Cornish and Caruso, and Caruso’s trading, but again provided no analysis to show that the contact was suspiciously frequent or timely.

[424] When asked whether he discussed Xtreme with Cornish, Caruso testified: “Not to my recollection.” Staff did not clarify. For the reasons discussed above with respect to other transactions, I cannot find that Caruso gave inconsistent evidence about discussing specific securities with Cornish.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8587

Reasons: Decisions, Orders and Rulings

[425] Staff also relies on the fact that some of Caruso’s trading was through off-shore and corporate accounts. I give that submission no force, given that a substantial portion of Caruso’s trading was through accounts in his name in Ontario.

[426] There was nothing about Caruso’s trading in Xtreme that was risky or particularly timely. Caruso bought and sold shares of Xtreme throughout the relevant period, sometimes at a loss. Caruso explained that this trading was often in order to lower his average cost. Staff did not successfully challenge this explanation.

[427] The evidence in support of Staff’s allegations against Caruso with respect to Xtreme is not clear, convincing and cogent, for the following reasons:

a. Caruso had a credible explanation for his trading, as being consistent with objective standards and his established practice;

b. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic (i.e., especially significant or risky) trading;

c. Caruso engaged in trades that appear to be inconsistent with his having possessed MNPI, unless he engaged in those trades to create the appearance that he did not, a speculative conclusion I am not prepared to reach;

d. an absence of direct evidence of Caruso’s involvement in the scheme (other than Hutchinson’s hearsay evidence, which I have declined to rely on to implicate Caruso);

e. an absence of evidence of uncharacteristic or suspiciously timely communication between Cornish and Caruso;

f. no basis to conclude that any impugned communication included MNPI, as opposed to a mere recommendation or encouragement;

g. an absence of evidence that Caruso attempted to conceal his trading; and

h. no reliable evidence of compensation flowing from Caruso to Cornish or Hutchinson.

[428] I therefore find that Staff has not established that Caruso was in possession of MNPI at the time of his Xtreme trades. Staff’s allegations against Caruso regarding Xtreme are dismissed.

[429] It follows that Staff’s allegation that Cornish tipped Caruso regarding Xtreme is dismissed.

V. CONCLUSION

[430] Staff’s allegations against Caruso and Sidders are dismissed with respect to all transactions.

[431] With respect to Cornish:

a. Staff’s allegations that he contravened s. 76(2) of the Act by tipping Caruso and/or Sidders are dismissed with respect to all transactions;

b. Staff’s allegations that he contravened s. 76(1) of the Act by engaging in illegal insider trading in shares of Rainy River are dismissed; and

c. I find that Cornish contravened s. 76(1) of the Act by engaging in illegal insider trading in shares of Quadra and Tim Hortons.

[432] Unless otherwise ordered by the Commission on written request of Staff or Cornish filed on or before November 1, 2019, a hearing with respect to a sanctions and costs order against Cornish shall be held in writing according to the following schedule:

a. on or before November 29, 2019, Staff shall file with the Registrar affidavit evidence as to costs, and written submissions as to sanctions and costs;

b. Cornish shall file responding materials, if any, on or before December 13, 2019; and

c. Staff shall file reply materials, if any, on or before January 10, 2020.

Dated at Toronto this 23rd day of October, 2019.

“Timothy Moseley”

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8588

Chapter 4

Cease Trading Orders

4.1.1 Temporary, Permanent & Rescinding Issuer Cease Trading Orders

Date of Temporary Date of Date of Company Name Date of Hearing Order Permanent Order Lapse/Revoke

THERE IS NOTHING TO REPORT THIS WEEK.

Failure to File Cease Trade Orders

Date of Company Name Date of Order Revocation

BetterU Education Corp. 03 October 2019 23 October 2019

4.2.1 Temporary, Permanent & Rescinding Management Cease Trading Orders

Date of Lapse Company Name Date of Order

THERE IS NOTHING TO REPORT THIS WEEK.

4.2.2 Outstanding Management & Insider Cease Trading Orders

Date of Date of Order or Date of Date of Issuer Company Name Date of Hearing Temporary Order Permanent Order Lapse/ Expire Temporary Order

Performance Sports 19 October 2016 31 October 2016 31 October 2016 Group Ltd.

Company Name Date of Order Date of Lapse

CannTrust Holdings Inc. 15 August 2019

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8589

Cease Trading Orders

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8590

Chapter 7

Insider Reporting

The following is a weekly summary of insider transactions by insiders of Ontario reporting issuers in SEDI® (the System for Electronic Disclosure by Insiders).1 The weekly summary contains insider transactions reported during the 7-day period ending Sunday at 11:59 p.m. (i.e. the Sunday prior to the Bulletin Issue date).2

Guide to Codes Relationship of Insider to Issuer (Rel=n)

1 Issuer 2 Subsidiary of Issuer 3 10% Security Holder of Issuer 4 Director of Issuer 5 Senior Officer of Issuer 6 Director or Senior Officer of 10% Security Holder 7 Director or Senior Officer of Insider or Subsidiary of Issuer (other than in 4,5,6) 8 Deemed Insider – 6 Months before becoming Insider

Nature of Transaction (T/O)

00 Opening Balance-Initial SEDI Report 10 Acquisition or disposition in the public market 11 Acquisition or disposition carried out privately 15 Acquisition or disposition under a prospectus 16 Acquisition or disposition under a prospectus exemption 22 Acquisition or disposition pursuant to a take-over bid, merger or acquisition 30 Acquisition or disposition under a purchase/ ownership plan 35 Stock dividend 36 Conversion or exchange 37 Stock split or consolidation 38 Redemption, retraction, cancellation, repurchase 40 Short sale 45 Compensation for property 46 Compensation for services 47 Acquisition or disposition by gift 48 Acquisition by inheritance or disposition by bequest 50 Grant of options 51 Exercise of options 52 Expiration of options 53 Grant of warrants 54 Exercise of warrants 55 Expiration of warrants 56 Grant of rights 57 Exercise of rights 59 Exercise for cash 70 Acquisition or disposition (writing) of third party derivative 71 Exercise of third party derivative 72 Other settlement of third party 73 Expiration of third party derivative 90 Change in nature of ownership 97 Other 99 Correction of Information

Note: The asterisk in the “Date/Month End Holding” column indicates the insider disagreed with the system calculated balance when the transaction was reported.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8591

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings 1933 Industries Inc Common Shares Taoussanopoulos, 4 2019-10-25 10 0.265 55,000 25,000 Theodore 48North Cannabis Corp. Common Shares Caland, Pierre 3 2019-10-21 10 0.55 14,341,145 100,000

4Front Ventures Corp. Subordinate Voting Aldworth, Betty 4 2019-09-23 00 113 Shares (Class B Subordinate Proportionate Voting Shares) 66 Resources Corp. Common Shares Grandy, David 4 2019-08-22 10 0.3425 240,000 -10,000 66 Resources Corp. Common Shares Grandy, David 4 2019-08-28 10 0.3195 230,000 -10,000 66 Resources Corp. Common Shares Grandy, David 4 2019-08-30 10 0.35 222,500 -7,500 66 Resources Corp. Common Shares Grandy, David 4 2019-09-06 10 0.35 219,500 -1,500 66 Resources Corp. Common Shares Grandy, David 4 2019-09-20 10 0.19 203,500 -8,000 66 Resources Corp. Common Shares Grandy, David 4 2019-09-24 10 0.165 183,800 -17,000 A&W Revenue Royalties Trust Units Mindell, David Allen 4 2019-09-30 10 40.9 2,042 57 Income Fund

ABCOURT MINES INC. Options MESTRALLET, 3, 4 2013-12-06 00 300,000 FRANCOIS JOSEPH PIERRE MARIE ABCOURT MINES INC. Options MESTRALLET, 3, 4 2019-02-18 52 0 -300,000 FRANCOIS JOSEPH PIERRE MARIE Acreage Holdings, Inc. Rights Restricted MacDonald, James 5 2019-10-21 57 1,056,559 -23,046 (formerly Applied Shares Units (RSU) Tyson Inventions Management Corp.) Acreage Holdings, Inc. Subordinate Voting MacDonald, James 5 2019-10-21 57 8.27 59,566 10,970 (formerly Applied Shares Tyson Inventions Management Corp.) Aether Catalyst Common Shares Woodward, Paul John 3, 4, 6, 2019-10-24 10 0.4 2,972,200 -1,000 Solutions, Inc. Courtney 5 Africa Oil Corp. Common Shares Nicodeme, Pascal 5 2019-10-14 00 Daniel Africa Oil Corp. Options Nicodeme, Pascal 5 2019-10-14 00 Daniel Africa Oil Corp. Performance Share Nicodeme, Pascal 5 2019-10-14 00 Units Daniel Africa Oil Corp. Restricted Share Nicodeme, Pascal 5 2019-10-14 00 Units Daniel AGF Management Common Shares AGF Management 1 2019-10-21 38 5.9529 29,100 29,100 Limited Class B Limited, La Societe de Gestion AGF Limitee AGF Management Common Shares AGF Management 1 2019-10-21 38 5.9529 0 -29,100 Limited Class B Limited, La Societe de Gestion AGF Limitee AGF Management Common Shares AGF Management 1 2019-10-22 38 5.9403 28,100 28,100 Limited Class B Limited, La Societe de Gestion AGF Limitee AGF Management Common Shares AGF Management 1 2019-10-22 38 5.9403 0 -28,100 Limited Class B Limited, La Societe de Gestion AGF Limitee AGF Management Common Shares AGF Management 1 2019-10-25 38 5.6297 29,100 29,100 Limited Class B Limited, La Societe de Gestion AGF Limitee AGF Management Common Shares AGF Management 1 2019-10-25 38 5.6297 0 -29,100 Limited Class B Limited, La Societe de Gestion AGF Limitee AGF Management Common Shares BASARABA, Adrian 5 2019-10-18 56 5.92 66,591 888 Limited Restricted Share Units AGF Management Common Shares BUCHAN, JANE 4 2019-10-18 56 5.92 49,385 658 Limited Deferred Share Units MELISSA AGF Management Common Shares Camilli, Kathleen Mary 4 2019-10-18 56 5.92 14,211 190 Limited Deferred Share Units AGF Management Common Shares Davis, Sarah Ruth 4 2019-10-18 56 5.92 52,950 706 Limited Deferred Share Units

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8592

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings AGF Management Common Shares Derry, Douglas 4 2019-10-18 56 5.92 92,237 1,230 Limited Deferred Share Units AGF Management Restricted Share Goldring, Blake Charles 4, 5 2019-10-18 56 5.92 156,516 2,087 Limited Units AGF Management Restricted Share Goldring, Judy 4, 5 2019-10-18 56 5.92 55,041 734 Limited Units AGF Management Common Shares Guay, Charles 4 2019-10-18 56 5.92 15,397 205 Limited Deferred Share Units AGF Management Common Shares Jackson, Charles 5 2019-10-18 56 5.92 30,534 407 Limited Restricted Share Christopher Units AGF Management Common Shares MCCREADIE, KEVIN 5 2019-10-18 56 5.92 474,208 6,323 Limited Deferred Share Units ANDREW AGF Management Common Shares MCCREADIE, KEVIN 5 2019-10-18 56 5.92 112,828 1,505 Limited Restricted Share ANDREW Units AGF Management Common Shares Squibb, Geoffrey 4 2019-10-18 10 5.82 24,430 331 Limited Class B Wayne AGF Management Common Shares Squibb, Geoffrey 4 2019-10-18 56 5.92 142,018 1,894 Limited Deferred Share Units Wayne AgraFlora Organics Common Shares Habuda, Jerry 4 2019-10-21 10 0.265 3,373,111 11,111 International Inc. AgraFlora Organics Common Shares Habuda, Jerry 4 2019-10-21 10 0.255 3,382,111 9,000 International Inc. AgraFlora Organics Common Shares Hornung, Christopher 4 2019-10-21 10 0.2547 3,619,825 12,000 International Inc. Paul AgraFlora Organics Common Shares Hornung, Christopher 4 2019-10-21 10 0.255 3,627,825 8,000 International Inc. Paul AgraFlora Organics Common Shares O'Neill, Brian Stephen 4 2019-10-21 10 0.26 400 400 International Inc. Robert AgraFlora Organics Common Shares O'Neill, Brian Stephen 4 2019-10-21 10 0.265 18,400 18,000 International Inc. Robert AgraFlora Organics Common Shares Perino, Joseph 4 2019-10-18 10 0.27 2,052,000 10,000 International Inc. AgraFlora Organics Common Shares Perino, Joseph 4 2019-10-21 10 0.25 2,062,000 10,000 International Inc. Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-21 38 46.421 25,000 25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-21 38 0 -25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-22 38 45.711 25,000 25,000 Shares

Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-22 38 0 -25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-23 38 45.584 25,000 25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-23 38 0 -25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-24 38 46.071 25,000 25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-24 38 0 -25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-25 38 45.989 25,000 25,000 Shares Air Canada Class B Voting Air Canada 1 2019-10-25 38 0 -25,000 Shares AIRBOSS OF AMERICA Common Shares Flatt, James Gordon 3 2019-10-24 10 7.475 4,632,300 200,000 CORP. Akumin Inc. Common Shares Fitzgerald, Christopher 5 2019-10-17 30 159 6 Gifford Akumin Inc. Common Shares Kassa, Laura Mae 5 2019-10-17 30 495 19 Akumin Inc. Common Shares Luckey, Michael 5 2019-10-17 30 409 19 Akumin Inc. Common Shares Meredith, Michael 5 2019-10-17 30 370 16 Akumin Inc. Common Shares Moore, Karen 7 2019-10-17 30 200 13 Akumin Inc. Common Shares Quesenberry, Marcus 5 2019-10-17 30 416 15 Akumin Inc. Common Shares Richardson, Jason 5 2019-10-17 30 489 19

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8593

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Alamos Gold Inc. Common Shares Thompson, Rebecca 5 2019-10-15 00 Class A

Alamos Gold Inc. Options Thompson, Rebecca 5 2019-10-15 00

Alamos Gold Inc. Rights Rights Thompson, Rebecca 5 2019-10-15 00 Performance Share Units Alba Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Arias, Carlos 4 2019-10-23 10 0.025 468,000 -100,000 Alba Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Arias, Carlos 4 2019-10-23 10 0.03 458,000 -10,000

Algonquin Power & Performance Share Bronicheski, David John 5 2019-10-15 30 18.338 370 Utilities Corp. Units Algonquin Power & Performance Share Bronicheski, David John 5 2019-10-15 30 18.338 102,946 370 Utilities Corp. Units Altiplano Metals Inc. Common Shares Williamson, John 3, 4 2019-10-18 10 0.11 3,315,168 10,000 Altiplano Metals Inc. Common Shares Williamson, John 3, 4 2019-10-22 10 0.1 3,325,168 10,000 Altiplano Metals Inc. Common Shares Yaseniuk, Jeremy 4 2019-10-18 10 0.85 1,763,950 11,000

Altus Group Limited Restricted Shares Bartolini, Angelo 5 2019-08-13 56 37.883 920 Altus Group Limited Restricted Shares Bartolini, Angelo 5 2019-08-13 56 37.883 8,954 1,213 AMPD Ventures Inc. Common Shares Brown, Anthony 4, 5 2019-07-01 00 3,632,886 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Warrants Brown, Anthony 4, 5 2019-07-01 00 2,000,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Common Shares Bustin, Donald 4, 5 2019-06-01 00 3,632,884 (formerly, E-Gaming Creighton Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Warrants Bustin, Donald 4, 5 2019-06-01 00 2,000,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Creighton Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Options Donaldson, Howard 4 2019-10-11 00 200,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Common Shares HURSTHOUSE, JAMES 5 2019-10-15 00 1,638,918 (formerly, E-Gaming ROGER Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Warrants HURSTHOUSE, JAMES 5 2019-10-15 00 1,000,000 (formerly, E-Gaming ROGER Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Common Shares Mari, Paul Phillip 5 2019-09-01 00 3,632,884 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.)

AMPD Ventures Inc. Options Mari, Paul Phillip 5 2019-09-01 00 200,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Options Ross, John Charles 5 2019-10-17 00 100,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Common Shares Taylor, Mark Graham 5 2019-09-01 00 3,632,884 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Options Taylor, Mark Graham 5 2019-09-01 00 200,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Options Windelen, Markus 4 2019-09-01 00 (formerly, E-Gaming Franziskus Ventures Corp.) AMPD Ventures Inc. Options Windelen, Markus 4 2019-09-01 00 200,000 (formerly, E-Gaming Franziskus Ventures Corp.) Anaconda Mining Inc. Common Shares Bullock, Kevin 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.21 615,000 13,000 Ansar Financial and Common Shares Jalaluddin, Mohammed 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.58 1,352,549 6,500 Development Corporation Ansar Financial and Common Shares Jalaluddin, Mohammed 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.58 2,118,020 17,500 Development Corporation

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8594

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Ansar Financial and Common Shares Nasim, Pervez 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.58 1,352,549 6,500 Development Corporation Ansar Financial and Common Shares Nasim, Pervez 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.58 2,118,020 17,500 Development Corporation Aphria Inc. (formerly, Common Shares Gedeon, Christelle 5 2018-06-01 00 Black Sparrow Capital Corp.)

Aphria Inc. (formerly, Common Shares Gedeon, Christelle 5 2019-10-17 57 45,000 45,000 Black Sparrow Capital Corp.)

Aphria Inc. (formerly, Rights Restricted Gedeon, Christelle 5 2019-10-17 57 20,696 -45,000 Black Sparrow Capital Share Units Corp.) Aphria Inc. (formerly, Common Shares Persofsky, Renah 4 2019-10-18 10 6.2 18,662 4,000 Black Sparrow Capital Corp.) Aritzia Inc. Subordinate Voting Bensadoun, Aldo 4 2019-10-18 10 240,000 -110,000 Shares Aritzia Inc. Subordinate Voting Bensadoun, Aldo 4 2019-10-21 10 145,000 -95,000 Shares Aritzia Inc. Subordinate Voting Bensadoun, Aldo 4 2019-10-22 10 115,000 -30,000 Shares Arrow Exploration Corp. Options McDonald, Bruce 4 2019-10-17 52 0 -1,245,000 (formerly Front Range Resources Ltd.) Artemis Gold Inc. Options Armstrong, William Paul 4 2019-07-19 00 Artemis Gold Inc. Options Armstrong, William Paul 4 2019-10-24 50 1.16 100,000 100,000 Artemis Gold Inc. Options Atkinson, Robert 4 2019-07-19 00 George Artemis Gold Inc. Options Atkinson, Robert 4 2019-10-24 50 1.16 100,000 100,000 George Artemis Gold Inc. Options Batalha, Christopher 5 2019-07-19 00 Ross Artemis Gold Inc. Options Batalha, Christopher 5 2019-10-24 50 1.16 350,000 350,000 Ross Artemis Gold Inc. Options Black, W. David 4 2019-07-19 00 Artemis Gold Inc. Options Black, W. David 4 2019-10-24 50 1.16 100,000 100,000 Artemis Gold Inc. Options Dean, Steven 4, 5 2019-07-19 00 Artemis Gold Inc. Options Dean, Steven 4, 5 2019-10-24 50 1.16 700,000 700,000

Artis Real Estate Preferred Shares Artis Real Estate 1 2019-10-18 38 7,500 1,900 Investment Trust Series E Investment Trust Artis Real Estate Preferred Shares Artis Real Estate 1 2019-10-24 38 -2,000 -9,500 Investment Trust Series E Investment Trust Artis Real Estate Preferred Shares Artis Real Estate 1 2019-10-25 38 21.372 1,200 3,200 Investment Trust Series E Investment Trust Artis Real Estate Deferred Units Rodney, Benjamin Ryan 4 2019-10-15 56 12.61 2,484 4 Investment Trust Asante Gold Corporation Warrants Heath, Alexandre 4 2014-04-11 00 Nicolas Asante Gold Corporation Warrants Heath, Alexandre 4 2019-04-29 53 0.15 3,024 3,024 Nicolas Asbestos Corporation Common Shares MONETTE, SERGE 3, 4 2019-10-21 10 0.495 158,700 4,000 Limited Ascot Resources Ltd. Common Shares CARTER, KENNETH 4 2019-10-21 10 0.53 719,100 -31,000 MARTIN Asian Television Network Common Shares CHANDRASEKAR, 4, 5 2019-10-15 10 0.1 16,835,018 25,000 International Limited SUBRAHMAN Asian Television Network Common Shares CHANDRASEKAR, 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.1 16,860,018 25,000 International Limited SUBRAHMAN Asian Television Network Common Shares CHANDRASEKAR, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.1 16,897,018 37,000 International Limited SUBRAHMAN Asian Television Network Common Shares CHANDRASEKAR, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.1 16,922,018 25,000 International Limited SUBRAHMAN Asian Television Network Common Shares CHANDRASEKAR, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.1 16,925,018 3,000 International Limited SUBRAHMAN

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8595

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Aurania Resources Ltd. Options Barron, Keith Michael 3, 4, 5 2019-10-24 50 450,000 50,000

Aurania Resources Ltd. Options Gilman, Warren Philip 4 2019-06-20 00

Aurania Resources Ltd. Options Gilman, Warren Philip 4 2019-10-24 50 200,000 200,000 Aurania Resources Ltd. Options Wood, Antony 5 2019-10-24 50 2.7 230,000 50,000 Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Milne, George M 4 2019-10-16 10 4.96 20,000 10,000 Inc. Ayr Strategies Inc. Subordinate Voting Ayr Strategies Inc. 1 2019-10-25 38 11.25 7,400 2,500 (formerly, Cannabis Shares Strategies Acquisition Corp.)

Azarga Metals Corp. Common Shares Baker Steel Resources 3 2019-04-12 00 Trust Ltd. Azarga Metals Corp. Common Shares Baker Steel Resources 3 2019-10-23 97 0.06 1,470,443 1,470,443 Trust Ltd. Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Catchpole, Glenn 4, 5 2019-10-18 46 0.193 1,630,844 50,035 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Havlin, Joseph 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 1,643,900 21,443 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Havlin, Joseph 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 1,679,636 35,736 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Hilditch, Todd 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 1,770,495 17,154 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Hilditch, Todd 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 1,799,088 28,593 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Jamison, Delos Cy 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 304,838 17,154 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Jamison, Delos Cy 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 333,431 28,593 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares MacKay, Sandra Rose 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 560,285 17,154 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares MacKay, Sandra Rose 4 2019-10-18 46 0.193 588,878 28,593 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares O'Brien, Daniel 5 2017-12-04 00 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares O'Brien, Daniel 5 2019-07-29 46 0.25 125,000 125,000 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares O'Kane, Matthew James 6 2019-10-18 46 0.193 936,189 21,443 Gerard Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares O'Kane, Matthew James 6 2019-10-18 46 0.193 971,925 35,736 Gerard Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Steele, Blake Albert 5 2019-07-29 46 0.25 5,555,214 675,000 Azarga Uranium Corp. Common Shares Steele, Blake Albert 5 2019-10-18 46 0.193 5,698,170 142,956 Banyan Gold Corp. Common Shares Alexco Resource Corp. 3 2019-10-18 11 0.055 10,736,644 2,000,000 Class "A" Banyan Gold Corp. Warrants - April 19, Alexco Resource Corp. 3 2017-05-08 00 2021 exercisable at $0.09 Banyan Gold Corp. Warrants - April 19, Alexco Resource Corp. 3 2019-10-18 11 0.09 1,000,000 1,000,000 2021 exercisable at $0.09 Banyan Gold Corp. Warrants Exercisable Alexco Resource Corp. 3 2019-09-08 55 0.115 1,780,822 -4,375,000 @$0.115 Expire Sept 8 2019 Bengal Energy Ltd. Common Shares Chakrabarty, Chayan 4, 5 2019-10-22 30 0.096 1,117,436 39,991 Bengal Energy Ltd. Common Shares Moorman, Matthew 5 2019-10-22 30 0.096 321,723 31,298 Joseph Benton Resources Inc. Common Shares Stares, Stephen 4 2019-10-21 10 0.05 4,651,265 54,000 Benton Resources Inc. Common Shares Stares, Stephen 4 2019-10-24 10 0.055 1,047,750 60,000 BIGG Digital Assets Inc. Common Shares BIGG Digital Assets Inc 1 2019-10-16 10 0.485 427,000 BIGG Digital Assets Inc. Common Shares BIGG Digital Assets Inc 1 2019-10-16 10 0.0485 427,000 427,000 BIGG Digital Assets Inc. Common Shares BIGG Digital Assets Inc 1 2019-10-21 10 0.04 957,000 30,000 BIGG Digital Assets Inc. Common Shares BIGG Digital Assets Inc 1 2019-10-22 11 0.04 1,097,000 140,000 BIGG Digital Assets Inc. Common Shares BIGG Digital Assets Inc 1 2019-10-24 10 0.045 1,297,000 200,000 BIGG Digital Assets Inc. Common Shares Binns, Mark Andrew 4 2019-10-21 10 0.04 300,000 140,000 Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Surbey, James William 4 2019-10-21 90 2.41 504,900 3,500 Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Surbey, James William 4 2019-10-21 90 2.41 0 -3,500 Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Preferred Shares Surbey, James William 4 2019-10-21 90 24.93 63,300 28,000 Series A Preferred Shares Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Preferred Shares Surbey, James William 4 2019-10-21 90 24.93 0 -28,000 Series A Preferred Shares

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8596

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Preferred Shares Surbey, James William 4 2019-10-21 90 24.73 21,900 8,500 Series C (Cumulative Redeemable) Birchcliff Energy Ltd. Preferred Shares Surbey, James William 4 2019-10-21 90 24.73 0 -8,500 Series C (Cumulative Redeemable) Bird Construction Inc. MTIP (Phantom Bergman, J. Paul 5 2019-10-18 35 12,602 69 Shares)

Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Bird, John Richard 4 2019-10-18 35 16,845 90

Bird Construction Inc. MTIP (Phantom Boyd, Ian Jeffrey 5 2019-10-18 35 20,485 111 Shares)

Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Brooks, Karyn Anne 4 2019-10-18 35 41,731 222

Bird Construction Inc. MTIP (Phantom CAZA, Charles Joseph 5 2019-10-18 35 7,762 42 Shares)

Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Charette, Paul Alphonse 4 2019-10-18 35 28,712 152

Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Doyle, Donald Gregory 4 2019-10-18 35 87,449 466

Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units DuPont, Bonnie Dianne 4 2019-10-18 35 59,667 318 Rose Bird Construction Inc. MTIP (Phantom GINGRICH, WAYNE 5 2019-10-18 35 12,075 66 Shares) RICHARD Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Messier, Luc Jean- 4 2019-10-18 35 43,891 234 Francois Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Munkley, Ronald David 4 2019-10-18 35 72,405 386 Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Raboud, Paul Robert 4 2019-10-18 35 15,195 81 Bird Construction Inc. MTIP (Phantom ROYER, GILLES 5 2019-10-18 35 24,353 133 Shares) GERALD Bird Construction Inc. Deferred Share Units Thorsteinson, Arni 4 2019-10-18 35 74,289 396 Clayton BitRush Corp. Common Shares Arend, Karsten Achim 4, 5 2016-04-05 00 Richard BitRush Corp. Common Shares Arend, Karsten Achim 4, 5 2016-04-05 00 Richard BitRush Corp. Common Shares Arend, Karsten Achim 4, 5 2019-10-25 97 4,700,000 Richard BitRush Corp. Common Shares Arend, Karsten Achim 4, 5 2019-10-25 97 4,700,000 Richard Black Iron Inc. Common Shares Detmold, John 4 2019-10-21 10 0.07 1,620,909 350,000 Black Iron Inc. Common Shares Detmold, John 4 2019-10-23 10 0.075 1,700,909 80,000 Blackline Safety Corp. Common Shares Gilewich, Brad 4 2015-06-23 00 Blackline Safety Corp. Common Shares Gilewich, Brad 4 2019-10-25 90 1.8 100,000 100,000

Blackline Safety Corp. Common Shares Gilewich, Brad 4 2019-10-25 51 100000 100,000

Blackline Safety Corp. Common Shares Gilewich, Brad 4 2019-10-25 51 100000 100,000 Blackline Safety Corp. Common Shares Gilewich, Brad 4 2019-10-25 90 1.8 -57,250 -100,000 Blackline Safety Corp. Common Shares Gilewich, Brad 4 2019-10-25 51 1.8 42,750 100,000 Blackline Safety Corp. Options Gilewich, Brad 4 2019-10-25 51 1.8 200,000 -100,000 Blue Star Gold Corp. Options Baker, Judith Catharine 4 2018-12-17 00 Blue Star Gold Corp. Options Baker, Judith Catharine 4 2019-10-17 50 0.06 600,000 600,000 Blue Star Gold Corp. Options Wilkinson, Stephen 4, 5 2019-09-14 52 0.1 1,700,000 400,000 James Blue Star Gold Corp. Options Wilkinson, Stephen 4, 5 2019-10-18 50 0.06 2,800,000 1,100,000 James Bombardier Inc. Subordinate Voting Desjardins, Daniel 7, 5 2015-05-03 90 64,844 Shares Classe B/ Class B Shares ( Subordinate Voting) Bombardier Inc. Subordinate Voting Desjardins, Daniel 7, 5 2015-05-03 90 64,844 Shares Classe B/ Class B Shares ( Subordinate Voting) Braingrid Limited Common Shares European High Growth 3 2019-09-19 10 0.005 896,000 -104,000 Opportunities Securitization Fund Braingrid Limited Common Shares European High Growth 3 2019-09-26 36 1,271,000 Opportunities Securitization Fund

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8597

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Braingrid Limited Common Shares European High Growth 3 2019-09-26 36 2,271,000 1,375,000 Opportunities Securitization Fund BRAMPTON BRICK Subordinate Voting Bratty, Rudolph 4 2019-10-23 11 7.1927 506,923 266,800 LIMITED Shares - Class A BRAMPTON BRICK Subordinate Voting Brazos Brick Holdings 3 2019-10-23 11 7.1927 2,143,843 533,600 LIMITED Shares - Class A Limited Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.135 2,391,000 -14,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.145 2,394,000 3,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.135 2,356,500 -37,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.15 2,359,500 3,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.135 2,346,000 -13,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.15 2,349,000 3,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.135 2,351,500 2,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.13 2,371,500 20,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.12 2,391,500 20,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.13 2,399,500 8,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Berzins, Ian Martin 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.15 2,402,000 2,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Matlock, Aaron 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.1433 6,595,001 15,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Matlock, Aaron 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.14 6,596,001 1,000 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Matlock, Aaron 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.135 6,602,501 6,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Matlock, Aaron 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.145 6,610,001 7,500 Inc. Braveheart Resources Common Shares Matlock, Aaron 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.14 6,612,501 2,500 Inc. Brompton Oil Split Corp. Class A Shares Kikuchi, Craig 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 1.35 5,800 -3,300

Brookfield Business Limited Partnership Cockwell, Jack Lynn 6 2019-10-22 47 225,804 -100,000 Partners L.P. Units BRP Inc. Options LaBerge, Anne-Marie 5 2019-10-21 51 27.064 68,550 -7,325 BRP Inc. Subordinate Voting LaBerge, Anne-Marie 5 2019-10-21 51 27.064 7,325 7,325 Shares BRP Inc. Subordinate Voting LaBerge, Anne-Marie 5 2019-10-21 10 56.13 0 -7,325 Shares BRP Inc. Options Le Breton, Anne 5 2019-10-18 51 21.5 79,075 -7,875 BRP Inc. Subordinate Voting Le Breton, Anne 5 2019-10-18 51 21.5 7,929 7,875 Shares BRP Inc. Subordinate Voting Le Breton, Anne 5 2019-10-18 10 56.5 54 -7,875 Shares Canada Cobalt Works Common Shares Setter, Robert 4 2019-10-18 51 0.05 85,106 60,000 Inc. Canada Cobalt Works Common Shares Setter, Robert 4 2019-10-18 51 0.35 25,106 -60,000 Inc. Canada Cobalt Works Options Setter, Robert 4 2019-10-18 51 0.05 250,000 -60,000 Inc. Canntab Therapeutics Options Fonseca, Vitor M 4 2018-04-11 00 Limited Canntab Therapeutics Options Fonseca, Vitor M 4 2019-02-21 50 0.25 400,000 400,000 Limited Cardiol Therapeutics Inc. Common Shares Chalmers, Iain 4 2019-10-17 10 3.25 600 600 (Class A) Cascadero Copper Common Shares McWilliam, William 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.015 4,359,370 79,000 Corporation James

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8598

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings CB2 Insights Inc. Common Shares Qureshi, Kashaf 4 2019-10-18 10 0.09 8,399,948 5,000

Cervus Equipment Common Shares Henkelman, Wendy 4 2019-09-18 00 Corporation

Cervus Equipment Common Shares Henkelman, Wendy 4 2019-09-18 00 Corporation Deferred Shares CGX Energy Inc. Common Shares Mills, Dennis Joseph 4, 6 2019-10-16 51 0.32 60,000 60,000 CGX Energy Inc. Options Mills, Dennis Joseph 4, 6 2019-10-16 51 0.32 0 -60,000 CIBT Education Group Common Shares CIBT Education Group 1 2019-10-18 10 0.65 2,611,500 6,500 Inc. Inc CIBT Education Group Common Shares CIBT Education Group 1 2019-10-21 10 0.65 2,616,000 4,500 Inc. Inc CIBT Education Group Common Shares CIBT Education Group 1 2019-10-24 10 0.64 2,623,500 7,500 Inc. Inc Cipher Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Godin, Christian 4 2019-10-21 30 1.07 56,496 823 Inc. Cipher Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Wolkin, Harold Morton 4 2019-10-21 30 1.07 213,980 3,476 Inc. Citation Growth Corp. Common Shares Huhn, Richard Dieter 4 2019-10-25 10 0.43 16,514,844 -24,300 City View Green Common Shares Fia, Roberto 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.09 20,575,916 1,000 Holdings Inc. CO2 GRO Inc. Common Shares Gledhill, Stephen Mark 5 2019-10-18 10 0.24 2,499 -19,242 Cobalt 27 Capital Corp. Common Shares Vydra, Martin 5 2019-10-24 10 4.2635 165,000 15,000 Colonial Coal Common Shares Emri, David 3 2019-10-23 10 0.24 8,116,000 7,000 International Corp. Condor Petroleum Inc. Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-18 10 0.32 3,109,500 9,500 Constellation Software Common Shares Leonard, Mark Henri 4, 5 2019-10-21 30 1305 2,700 -100 Inc. COPPER REEF MINING Common Shares Cudney, Robert 3 2019-10-18 00 22,467,000 CORPORATION Douglas COPPER REEF MINING Common Shares Cudney, Robert 3 2019-10-18 10 0.04 22,717,000 250,000 CORPORATION Douglas COPPER REEF MINING Common Shares Cudney, Robert 3 2019-10-18 00 3,066,000 CORPORATION Douglas COPPER REEF MINING Warrants Cudney, Robert 3 2019-10-18 00 13,750,000 CORPORATION Douglas COPPER REEF MINING Warrants Cudney, Robert 3 2019-10-18 00 1,500,000 CORPORATION Douglas COPPER REEF MINING Common Shares Peters, Brent James 4 2019-09-17 00 CORPORATION COPPER REEF MINING Common Shares Peters, Brent James 4 2019-10-18 11 0.02 1,500,000 1,500,000 CORPORATION

COPPER REEF MINING Warrants Peters, Brent James 4 2019-09-17 00 CORPORATION COPPER REEF MINING Warrants Peters, Brent James 4 2019-10-18 11 0.05 1,500,000 1,500,000 CORPORATION Copperbank Resources Common Shares Kovacevic, John Gianni 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.04 18,216,815 50,000 Corp. Cryptanite Blockchain Common Shares Eagleton, John 3, 4, 5 2019-10-16 10 0.0135 9,097,600 22,000 Technologies Corp. (formerly, Westbay Ventures Inc.) Crystal Peak Minerals Common Shares Basse, Daniel William 4 2019-10-25 10 0.13 1,820,382 18,500 Inc. Voting Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. Multiple Voting Jordan, Boris Alexis 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 36 106,970,705 -1,500,000 (formerly Lead Ventures Shares Inc.) Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. Subordinate Voting Jordan, Boris Alexis 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 36 17,200,843 1,500,000 (formerly Lead Ventures Shares Inc.) Currency Exchange Common Shares Pinna, Randolph W. 3, 4, 5 2019-10-25 11 13.18 1,372,705 12,155 International, Corp. CUV Ventures Corp. Common Shares PETTIT, JAMES, 4 2019-10-24 51 0.05 716,100 230,000 GAYDON CUV Ventures Corp. Options PETTIT, JAMES, 4 2019-10-24 51 0.05 1,464,500 -230,000 GAYDON

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8599

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings CWC Energy Services Common Shares CWC Energy Services 1 2019-10-22 10 0.1 27,500 27,500 Corp. Corp. CWC Energy Services Common Shares CWC Energy Services 1 2019-10-24 10 0.1 28,500 1,000 Corp. Corp. CWC Energy Services Common Shares CWC Energy Services 1 2019-10-24 10 0.1 47,500 19,000 Corp. Corp. Cymat Technologies Ltd. Common Shares Johnson, Harold James 5 2019-10-22 51 88,400 33,333 Cymat Technologies Ltd. Options Johnson, Harold James 5 2019-10-22 51 0.185 619,333 -33,333 Cymat Technologies Ltd. Common Shares Kleebaum, Darryl 5 2019-10-23 51 0.185 167,200 100,000 Gregory Cymat Technologies Ltd. Options Kleebaum, Darryl 5 2019-10-23 51 0.185 700,000 -100,000 Gregory Cymat Technologies Ltd. Common Shares Liik, Michael M. 4, 5 2019-10-21 51 0.185 452,261 225,224 Cymat Technologies Ltd. Options Liik, Michael M. 4, 5 2019-10-21 51 0.185 2,917,842 -225,224

DataMetrex AI Limited Options Gunter, Jerry Marshall 5 2019-10-09 00 300,000 (previously, Everfront Ventures Corp.) DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Edwards, Gerald 4, 5 2013-07-02 00 CORPORATION Share Units Terence DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Edwards, Gerald 4, 5 2019-10-24 56 5,000 5,000 CORPORATION Share Units Terence DECISIVE DIVIDEND Common Shares Jeffrey, Peter Dudley 4 2013-11-13 00 CORPORATION Restricted Share Units DECISIVE DIVIDEND Common Shares Jeffrey, Peter Dudley 4 2019-10-24 56 5,000 5,000 CORPORATION Restricted Share Units DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Louie, Robert 4 2013-07-02 00 CORPORATION Share Unit DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Louie, Robert 4 2019-10-24 56 5,000 5,000 CORPORATION Share Unit DECISIVE DIVIDEND Common Shares Paterson, James 4, 5 2019-10-24 56 183,100 15,000 CORPORATION Andrew DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Pirie, Timothy James 4 2013-07-02 00 CORPORATION Share Unit DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Pirie, Timothy James 4 2019-10-24 56 5,000 5,000 CORPORATION Share Unit DECISIVE DIVIDEND Common Shares Redekop, David 4, 5 2013-07-02 00 CORPORATION Restricted Share Unit

DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Redekop, David 4, 5 2013-07-02 00 CORPORATION

DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Redekop, David 4, 5 2019-10-24 56 5,000 5,000 CORPORATION DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Redekop, David 4, 5 2013-07-02 00 CORPORATION Share Unit DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Redekop, David 4, 5 2019-10-24 56 5,000 CORPORATION Share Unit DECISIVE DIVIDEND Rights Restricted Redekop, David 4, 5 2019-10-24 56 5,000 CORPORATION Share Unit Delta 9 Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Arbuthnot IV, John 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.6 14,815,500 -50,000 William (John) Delta 9 Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Arbuthnot IV, John 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.6 14,565,500 -250,000 William (John) Delta 9 Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Arbuthnot IV, John 3, 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.66 14,539,500 -26,000 William (John) DHX Media Ltd. Rights (Common Wright, Donald Arthur 4 2006-05-19 00 Voting) DHX Media Ltd. Rights (Common Wright, Donald Arthur 4 2019-10-18 56 1.67 160,000 160,000 Voting) DHX Media Ltd. Rights (Common Wright, Donald Arthur 4 2006-05-19 00 Voting) DHX Media Ltd. Rights (Common Wright, Donald Arthur 4 2019-10-18 56 1.67 183,535 183,535 Voting) Diamond Estates Wines Deferred Share Units Beutel, David Michael 4 2019-10-21 56 0.195 645,787 61,538 & Spirits Inc.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8600

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Diamond Estates Wines Deferred Share Units De Sousa, Joao (John) 4 2019-10-19 46 0.195 324,503 29,487 & Spirits Inc. Diamond Estates Wines Deferred Share Units HARRIS, KEITH 3, 4 2019-10-21 46 0.195 372,030 34,615 & Spirits Inc. RAYMOND Diamond Estates Wines Deferred Share Units Hick, John Walter 4 2019-10-21 56 361,637 32,051 & Spirits Inc. Wallen Digital Consumer Trust Units Brasseur, Jeremy 6 2019-10-18 10 9.435 25,000 1,000 Dividend Fund Digital Consumer Trust Units Brasseur, Jeremy 6 2019-10-24 10 9.45 25,500 500 Dividend Fund Digital Consumer Trust Units Digital Consumer 1 2019-10-18 38 9.4 187,800 500 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Digital Consumer Trust Units Digital Consumer 1 2019-10-21 38 9.3927 194,100 6,300 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Digital Consumer Trust Units Digital Consumer 1 2019-10-22 38 9.44 196,200 2,100 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Digital Consumer Trust Units Digital Consumer 1 2019-10-23 38 9.4415 199,500 3,300 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Digital Consumer Trust Units Digital Consumer 1 2019-10-24 38 9.3646 213,500 14,000 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Dimension Five Common Shares Zimtu Capital Corp. 3 2019-10-22 10 0.04 6,260,000 25,000 Technologies Inc. Dream Office Real Rights deferred trust Leitch, Kellie 4 2019-10-21 57 23,904 -586 Estate Investment Trust units Dream Office Real Trust Units Series A Leitch, Kellie 4 2010-05-06 00 Estate Investment Trust Dream Office Real Trust Units Series A Leitch, Kellie 4 2010-05-06 00 Estate Investment Trust Dream Office Real Trust Units Series A Leitch, Kellie 4 2019-10-21 57 586 Estate Investment Trust Dream Office Real Trust Units Series A Leitch, Kellie 4 2019-10-21 57 586 Estate Investment Trust Dundee Precious Metals Rights Deferred Share Young, Donald Walter 4 2019-08-26 56 4.46 3,363 Inc. Units Dundee Precious Metals Rights Deferred Share Young, Donald Walter 4 2019-09-30 56 4.46 108,948 3,363 Inc. Units E Split Corp. Preferred Shares Brasseur, Jeremy 6 2019-10-18 10 10.25 2,000 200 E Split Corp. Preferred Shares Brasseur, Jeremy 6 2019-10-24 10 10.2 3,400 1,400 Echelon Financial Deferred Share Units Thomson, David 4 2019-03-31 46 13.82 6,272 678 Holdings Inc. Alexander Eldorado Gold Common Shares Allaway, Cara Lea 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 368 47 Corporation Eldorado Gold Common Shares Aram, Karen Christine 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 912 116 Corporation Eldorado Gold Common Shares Burns, George 4, 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 4,159 406 Corporation Raymond Eldorado Gold Common Shares CHO, JASON 5 2014-01-01 00 Corporation Eldorado Gold Common Shares CHO, JASON 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 304 304 Corporation Eldorado Gold Common Shares Skayman, Paul James 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 2,168 329 Corporation Eldorado Gold Common Shares Williams, Shane James 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 978 124 Corporation Eldorado Gold Common Shares Yee, Philip Chow 5 2019-10-18 30 10.254 954 121 Corporation Elixxer Ltd. Common Shares Zalt, Ferras 4 2019-10-22 10 0.0539 2,488,000 98,000 Elixxer Ltd. Common Shares Zalt, Ferras 4 2019-10-22 10 0.0531 2,490,000 2,000 Emera Incorporated Common Shares Steele, Judy Ann 5 2019-10-24 00 60 Emera Incorporated DSU Steele, Judy Ann 5 2019-10-24 00 55,178 Emera Incorporated Options Steele, Judy Ann 5 2019-10-24 00 56,700 Emera Incorporated Performance Share Steele, Judy Ann 5 2019-10-24 00 15,269 Units Endurance Gold Common Shares Boyd, Robert T. 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.035 1,568,000 5,000 Corporation

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8601

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Endurance Gold Common Shares Boyd, Robert T. 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.035 1,574,000 6,000 Corporation EnerSpar Corp. (formally Common Shares Arnold, John Martin 4, 5 2019-10-21 59 0.1 125,000 125,000 Walmer Capital Corp.) EnerSpar Corp. (formally Options Arnold, John Martin 4, 5 2019-10-21 51 0.1 0 -125,000 Walmer Capital Corp.) Engagement Labs Inc. Common Shares Brown, Steven 5 2019-10-22 10 0.045 198,344 -367,613

Enthusiast Gaming Common Shares MONTGOMERY, 4 2019-09-06 00 Holdings Inc. (formerly ADRIAN J55 Capital Corp.)

Enthusiast Gaming Common Shares MONTGOMERY, 4 2019-10-17 10 1.99 50,000 Holdings Inc. (formerly ADRIAN J55 Capital Corp.)

Enthusiast Gaming Common Shares MONTGOMERY, 4 2019-10-17 10 1.99 50,000 Holdings Inc. (formerly ADRIAN J55 Capital Corp.) Enthusiast Gaming Common Shares Montgomery, Adrian 3, 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 1.99 3,193,700 50,000 Holdings Inc. (formerly Taylor J55 Capital Corp.) EnWave Corporation Common Shares Budreski, John Philip 4 2019-10-23 10 1,671,411 5,400 Adrian Epsilon Energy Ltd. Common Shares Epsilon Energy Ltd. 1 2019-10-21 38 3.3024 395,487 24,457 Epsilon Energy Ltd. Common Shares Epsilon Energy Ltd. 1 2019-10-22 38 3.36 396,087 600 Epsilon Energy Ltd. Common Shares Epsilon Energy Ltd. 1 2019-10-23 38 3.53 396,387 300 ESSA Pharma Inc. Common Shares BERGER, FRANKLIN 4 2019-10-17 10 3.577 464,688 2,000 MILAN ESSA Pharma Inc. Options Brettman, Ari 1 2019-10-07 50 3.23 25,000 25,000 ESSA Pharma Inc. Options Brettman, Ari 1 2019-10-17 00 Ethos Gold Corp. Common Shares Roberts, Craig A. 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.16 1,302,500 72,000 Ethos Gold Corp. Common Shares Roberts, Craig A. 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.165 1,322,500 20,000 Ethos Gold Corp. Common Shares Roberts, Craig A. 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.16 1,324,500 2,000 Ethos Gold Corp. Common Shares Roberts, Craig A. 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.17 1,474,500 150,000 European Focused Trust Units European Focused 1 2019-10-21 38 7.9104 1,019,800 2,300 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund European Focused Trust Units European Focused 1 2019-10-22 38 7.882 1,025,300 5,500 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund European Focused Trust Units European Focused 1 2019-10-23 38 7.8961 1,028,100 2,800 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund European Focused Trust Units European Focused 1 2019-10-24 38 7.9246 1,031,800 3,700 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Benamar, Abdelkrim 5 2018-05-29 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Benamar, Abdelkrim 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 11,849 11,849 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Benamar, Abdelkrim 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 45,822 14,811 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Benamar, Abdelkrim 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 57,671 11,849 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share BULL, STEPHEN 5 2002-09-30 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share BULL, STEPHEN 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 11,405 11,405 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share BULL, STEPHEN 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 104,968 11,405 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share BULL, STEPHEN 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 104,257 -711 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8602

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting BULL, STEPHEN 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 49,170 711 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting BULL, STEPHEN 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 48,459 -711 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Chabot, StÚphane 5 2015-06-01 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Chabot, StÚphane 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 7,738 7,738 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Chabot, StÚphane 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 67,986 7,738 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Chabot, StÚphane 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 67,570 -416 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Chabot, StÚphane 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 416 416 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Chabot, StÚphane 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 0 -416 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Daneau, Suzanne 5 2019-10-07 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Daneau, Suzanne 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 4,950 4,950 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Daneau, Suzanne 5 2019-10-07 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Daneau, Suzanne 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 4,950 4,950 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Gagnon, Etienne 5 2019-02-11 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Gagnon, Etienne 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 5,718 5,718 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.)

EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Gagnon, Etienne 5 2019-02-11 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Gagnon, Etienne 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 6,931 6,931 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Gagnon, Etienne 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 12,649 5,718 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Gagnon, Luc 5 2000-06-29 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Gagnon, Luc 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 8,039 8,039 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Gagnon, Luc 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 77,870 8,039 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Gagnon, Luc 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 77,329 -541 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Gagnon, Luc 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 26,524 541 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Gagnon, Luc 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 25,983 -541 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8603

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Johnston, Floyd Allen 5 2019-09-03 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Johnston, Floyd Allen 5 2019-10-17 56 3.83 15,258 15,258 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Johnston, Floyd Allen 5 2019-09-03 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Johnston, Floyd Allen 5 2019-10-17 56 3.83 30,000 30,000 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Johnston, Floyd Allen 5 2019-10-17 56 3.83 45,258 15,258 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.)

EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Mazzuca, Claudio 5 2012-03-12 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Mazzuca, Claudio 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 8,834 8,834 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Mazzuca, Claudio 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 87,142 8,834 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Mazzuca, Claudio 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 86,548 -594 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Mazzuca, Claudio 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 14,704 594 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Mazzuca, Claudio 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 14,371 -333 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Morin, Philippe 5 2015-11-09 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Morin, Philippe 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 28,965 28,965 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Morin, Philippe 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 342,039 15,000 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Morin, Philippe 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 371,004 28,965 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Morin, Philippe 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 369,261 -1,743 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Morin, Philippe 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 659,802 1,743 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Morin, Philippe 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 658,835 -967 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Plamondon, Pierre 7, 5 2002-10-09 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Plamondon, Pierre 7, 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 13,878 13,878 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Plamondon, Pierre 7, 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 131,340 13,878 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Plamondon, Pierre 7, 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 130,417 -923 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Plamondon, Pierre 7, 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 113,428 923 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8604

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Plamondon, Pierre 7, 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 112,505 -923 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.)

EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Ringuette, Benoit 5 2004-04-13 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Ringuette, Benoit 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 2,079 2,079 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Ringuette, Benoit 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 20,745 4,158 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.)

EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Scheppke, Michael 5 2016-10-10 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 10,729 10,729 know as EXFO Electro- Units William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 69,236 10,729 know as EXFO Electro- Units William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 67,236 -2,000 know as EXFO Electro- Units William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 66,656 -580 know as EXFO Electro- Units William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Scheppke, Michael 5 2016-10-10 00 know as EXFO Electro- Shares William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 2,000 2,000 know as EXFO Electro- Shares William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 2,580 580 know as EXFO Electro- Shares William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 580 -2,000 know as EXFO Electro- Shares William Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Scheppke, Michael 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 0 -580 know as EXFO Electro- Shares William Optical Engineering Inc.)

EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2016-08-15 00 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Performance Share Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 11,553 11,553 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 86,348 15,000 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2019-10-17 56 5.05 97,901 11,553 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Restricted Share Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 97,289 -612 know as EXFO Electro- Units Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2019-10-21 57 5.48 2,962 612 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) EXFO Inc. (formerly Subordinate Voting Te Niet, Willem Jan 5 2019-10-23 10 5.3186 2,635 -327 know as EXFO Electro- Shares Optical Engineering Inc.) Experion Holdings Ltd. Common Shares Corlac Resources Ltd. 2 2019-10-18 10 0.115 314,000 10,000 (formerly Viridium Pacific Group Ltd.) Experion Holdings Ltd. Common Shares Corlac Resources Ltd. 2 2019-10-18 10 0.12 369,000 55,000 (formerly Viridium Pacific Group Ltd.)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8605

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Experion Holdings Ltd. Common Shares Corlac Resources Ltd. 2 2019-10-24 10 0.115 453,000 84,000 (formerly Viridium Pacific Group Ltd.) Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Godsy, mark 4 2019-10-18 10 0.275 140,000 15,000 Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Godsy, mark 4 2019-10-18 10 0.2683 155,000 15,000 Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Godsy, mark 4 2019-10-22 10 0.28 166,500 11,500 Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Godsy, mark 4 2019-10-22 10 0.285 177,000 10,500

Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Godsy, mark 4 2017-07-27 00 Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Godsy, mark 4 2019-10-21 16 0.27 370,370 370,370 Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Meekison, William John 5 2019-10-21 16 0.27 38,518 18,518

Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Ozdemir, Sue 5 2019-09-01 00 Exro Technologies Inc. Common Shares Ozdemir, Sue 5 2019-10-21 16 0.27 37,037 37,037

Falco Resources Ltd. Common Shares Mehta, Angelina 4 2019-01-23 00 (formerly Falco Pacific Resource Group Inc.) Falco Resources Ltd. Common Shares Mehta, Angelina 4 2019-10-22 10 0.23 20,000 20,000 (formerly Falco Pacific Resource Group Inc.) Falcon Gold Corp. Common Shares Rayani, Karim 4 2019-09-19 10 0.051 3,096,000 50,000 Falcon Gold Corp. Common Shares Rayani, Karim 4 2019-10-23 10 0.04 3,527,000 51,000 Falcon Gold Corp. Common Shares Rayani, Karim 4 2019-10-23 10 0.035 3,951,000 424,000 Fiorentina Minerals Inc. Common Shares Coltura, Robert 5 2019-10-21 15 0.1 350,000 100,000 Fiorentina Minerals Inc. Common Shares Williams, Allan William 4 2019-10-18 15 0.1 1,750,000 250,000 First Mining Gold Corp. Common Shares Karwowska, Malgorzata 5 2019-10-17 10 0.225 112,100 19,600 First Mining Gold Corp. Common Shares Wilton, Daniel William 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.236 490,000 50,000 First National Financial Common Shares First National Securities 3 2019-10-24 47 38.23 16,035,087 -17,264 Corporation Corporation First National Financial Common Shares FNSC Holdings Inc. 3 2019-10-24 10 38.24 7,003,888 17,264 Corporation First National Financial Common Shares Smith, Stephen 4, 7, 5 2019-10-24 47 38.23 16,035,087 -17,264 Corporation First National Financial Common Shares Smith, Stephen 4, 7, 5 2019-10-24 10 38.24 7,003,888 17,264 Corporation First Quantum Minerals Common Shares Pangaea Investment 3 2019-10-17 00 74,638,998 Ltd Management Limited Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares McElroy, Ross E. 5 2019-10-23 10 0.295 2,046,289 20,500 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares McElroy, Ross E. 5 2019-10-24 10 0.3 2,061,289 15,000

Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-05-03 10 10,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-05-03 10 0.63 4,178,819 10,000

Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 73,333 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 0.2505 4,273,313 73,333 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 93,334 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 0.2505 4,366,647 93,334 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2018-02-02 10 50,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2018-02-02 10 0.72 4,438,823 50,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2018-08-17 10 7,500 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2018-08-17 10 0.6 4,466,637 7,500 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2018-11-26 10 40,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2018-11-26 10 0.62 4,506,637 40,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-06-06 10 25,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-06-06 10 0.4767 4,556,142 25,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-07-25 10 20,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-07-25 10 0.395 4,607,608 20,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-08-08 10 20,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-08-08 10 0.36 4,627,608 20,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-08-13 10 10,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-08-13 10 0.35 4,637,608 10,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-08-20 10 15,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-08-20 10 0.33 4,652,608 15,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-10-23 10 219,000

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8606

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-10-23 10 0.3 4,871,608 219,000 Fission Uranium Corp. Common Shares Randhawa, Devinder 5 2019-10-24 10 0.3 4,921,608 50,000

Fission Uranium Corp. Options Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 -73,333 Fission Uranium Corp. Options Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 0.2505 5,818,334 -73,333 Fission Uranium Corp. Options Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 -93,334 Fission Uranium Corp. Options Randhawa, Devinder 5 2017-10-13 51 0.2505 5,725,000 -93,334 Fortress Technologies Common Shares Crumb, Joshua Dale 4 2019-10-17 10 0.135 600,000 -400,000 Inc. (formerly, Fortress Blockchain Corp.)

Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Andersen, Grayson 5 2019-10-16 56 64,137 1,187 Corporation Martin

Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Bonilla Lagos, Alejandra 5 2019-10-16 56 65,507 1,212 Corporation

Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Campagnaro, Renata 5 2019-10-16 56 82,238 1,522 Corporation

Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Dyck, David Allan 5 2019-10-16 56 112,434 2,081 Corporation Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Herbert, Richard 5 2019-10-16 56 158,728 2,937 Corporation Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Kent, Andrew 5 2019-10-16 56 42,428 785 Corporation Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Nightingale, Duncan 5 2019-10-16 56 84,256 1,559 Corporation James Frontera Energy Restricted Stock Units Pineros Ospina, 5 2019-10-16 56 71,026 1,314 Corporation Alejandro FSD Pharma Inc. Options Bokhari, Raza 4 2019-10-16 37 313,432 -62,686,568 FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Bokhari, Raza 4 2019-10-16 37 104,114 -20,822,886 Shares Class B FSD Pharma Inc. Options Brennan, Jr., Edward 5 2019-10-16 37 2,487 -497,513 Joseph FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Brennan, Jr., Edward 5 2019-10-16 37 6,567 -1,313,433 Shares Class B Joseph FSD Pharma Inc. Options Carroll, Donal 5 2019-10-16 37 24,875 -4,975,125 FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Carroll, Donal 5 2019-10-16 37 4,777 -895,223 Shares Class B FSD Pharma Inc. Options Ciaruffoli, Robert 4 2019-10-16 37 14,925 -2,985,075 Joseph FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Ciaruffoli, Robert 4 2019-10-16 37 6,567 -1,313,433 Shares Class B Joseph

FSD Pharma Inc. Options Datin, James Anthony 4 2019-10-16 37 14,925 -2,985,075

FSD Pharma Inc. Multiple Voting Fairfull, Thomas 7 2019-10-16 37 24 -4,976 Shares Class A Alexander FSD Pharma Inc. Options Fairfull, Thomas 7 2019-10-16 37 49,751 -9,950,249 Alexander FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Fairfull, Thomas 7 2019-10-16 37 49,751 -9,950,249 Shares Class B Alexander FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Fairfull, Thomas 7 2019-10-16 37 197,426 -39,485,317 Shares Class B Alexander FSD Pharma Inc. Options Goldberg, Gerald 4 2019-10-16 37 7,462 -1,492,538 FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Goldberg, Gerald 4 2019-10-16 37 2,487 -497,513 Shares Class B FSD Pharma Inc. Multiple Voting Saeed, Zeeshan 4 2019-10-16 37 24 -4,976 Shares Class A FSD Pharma Inc. Options Saeed, Zeeshan 4 2019-10-16 37 149,253 -29,850,747 FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Saeed, Zeeshan 4 2019-10-16 37 317,543 -63,508,686 Shares Class B FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Sara, Rachel May 5 2019-10-16 37 1,869 -373,981 Shares Class B FSD Pharma Inc. Multiple Voting Xorax Family Trust 3 2019-10-16 37 24 -4,976 Shares Class A FSD Pharma Inc. Subordinate Voting Xorax Family Trust 3 2019-10-16 37 317,543 -62,508,686 Shares Class B G2 Goldfields Inc. Common Shares Noone, Daniel Joseph 4 2019-07-19 54 0.2 4,317,500 500,000 G2 Goldfields Inc. Common Shares Noone, Daniel Joseph 4 2019-07-19 54 0.2 500,000

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8607

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

G2 Goldfields Inc. Common Shares Sheridan, Patrick John 3, 4, 5 2019-10-24 16 29,589,074 10,500,000 GABY Inc. Common Shares Corriente Master Fund 3 2019-10-18 10 0.11 17,537,717 161,500 II, LP Galway Metals Inc. Common Shares Hinchcliffe, Robert 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.28 12,694,619 10,000 Galway Metals Inc. Common Shares Hinchcliffe, Robert 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.28 12,709,619 15,000 Galway Metals Inc. Common Shares Hinchcliffe, Robert 3, 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.3 12,729,619 20,000 Galway Metals Inc. Common Shares Hinchcliffe, Robert 3, 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.29 12,749,619 20,000 Galway Metals Inc. Common Shares Hinchcliffe, Robert 3, 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.28 12,769,619 20,000 Genesis Metals Corp Common Shares Sundar, Jeffrey Rohit 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.06 2,379,500 20,000 (formerly Entourage Metals Ltd.)

Genesis Metals Corp Common Shares Sundar, Jeffrey Rohit 4, 5 2019-10-19 10 0.06 20,000 (formerly Entourage Metals Ltd.) GENIUS METALS INC. Common Shares Goulet, Guy 5 2019-10-21 10 0.187 1,372,686 21,000 GENIUS METALS INC. Common Shares Goulet, Guy 5 2019-10-24 10 0.17 1,375,686 3,000 Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 5,579,110 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 6,199,110 620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 -620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 -620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 3,120,000 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 2,500,000 -620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 -620,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Ferguson, Michael John 4, 5 2019-10-24 50 5,000,000 2,500,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Martin, Paul Joseph 4 2019-10-23 51 0.06 1,384,615 600,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Martin, Paul Joseph 4 2019-10-24 51 0.06 600,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Martin, Paul Joseph 4 2019-10-23 51 0.06 2,000,000 -600,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Martin, Paul Joseph 4 2019-10-24 51 0.06 -600,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Martin, Paul Joseph 4 2019-10-24 50 0.14 2,750,000 750,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Morsky, Deborah Ann 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 1,779,669 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Morsky, Deborah Ann 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 200,000 Corporation

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8608

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Gensource Potash Options Morsky, Deborah Ann 5 2019-10-23 51 3,128,859 -200,000 Corporation

Gensource Potash Options Morsky, Deborah Ann 5 2019-10-24 51 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Morsky, Deborah Ann 5 2019-10-24 50 0.14 4,378,859 1,250,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Mueller, Mike 4 2019-10-24 50 0.14 2,500,000 1,000,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Redlick, Calvin 4 2019-10-24 50 0.14 3,750,000 750,000 Corporation

Gensource Potash Common Shares Theoret, T. Robert 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Common Shares Theoret, T. Robert 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 4,693,658 200,000 Corporation

Gensource Potash Common Shares Theoret, T. Robert 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Theoret, T. Robert 5 2019-10-23 51 0.06 3,120,000 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Theoret, T. Robert 5 2019-10-24 51 0.06 -200,000 Corporation Gensource Potash Options Theoret, T. Robert 5 2019-10-24 50 0.14 4,870,000 1,750,000 Corporation Geomega Resources Options Bourdeau, Mathieu 5 2019-10-23 50 0.155 650,000 200,000 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Demers, Jean 4 2016-11-29 00 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Demers, Jean 4 2016-11-29 00 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Demers, Jean 4 2019-10-25 50 0.155 175,000 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Demers, Jean 4 2019-10-25 50 0.155 175,000 175,000 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Gingras, Gilles 4 2019-10-23 50 0.155 490,000 75,000 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Kostic, Kosta 4 2019-10-23 50 350,000 75,000 Inc. Geomega Resources Options Spino, Mario 4 2019-10-23 50 375,000 75,000 Inc. GFG Resources Inc. Common Shares Lepage, Marc Joseph 5 2019-10-21 10 0.165 415,000 30,000 Andrew

GFG Resources Inc. Common Shares Skanderbeg, Brian 5 2019-10-21 57 3,893,800 600,000 Neville GFG Resources Inc. Common Shares Skanderbeg, Brian 5 2019-10-22 10 0.17 3,918,800 25,000 Neville GIGA Metals Corporation Common Shares Young, Leslie 5 2019-10-24 10 0.42 52,240 -25,000 Gildan Activewear Inc. Common Shares Bajaj, Arun Douglas 5 2019-10-21 00 Gildan Activewear Inc. Options Bajaj, Arun Douglas 5 2019-10-21 00 Gildan Activewear Inc. Performance Share Bajaj, Arun Douglas 5 2019-10-21 00 Units Gildan Activewear Inc. Restricted Share Bajaj, Arun Douglas 5 2019-10-21 00 Units Glacier Media Inc. Common Shares Osmium Partners, LLC 3 2019-10-10 10 0.5895 12,787,682 -219,500 Global Innovation Trust Units Global Innovation 1 2019-10-18 38 9.8447 940,500 1,500 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Global Innovation Trust Units Global Innovation 1 2019-10-22 38 9.7615 941,800 1,300 Dividend Fund Dividend Fund Global Real Estate & E- Trust Units Global Real Estate & E- 1 2019-10-18 38 10.85 389,900 1,600 Commerce Dividend Commerce Dividend Fund Fund Global Real Estate & E- Trust Units Global Real Estate & E- 1 2019-10-21 38 10.796 394,100 4,200 Commerce Dividend Commerce Dividend Fund Fund Global Real Estate & E- Trust Units Global Real Estate & E- 1 2019-10-23 38 10.847 394,800 700 Commerce Dividend Commerce Dividend Fund Fund

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8609

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Global Real Estate & E- Trust Units Global Real Estate & E- 1 2019-10-24 38 10.802 402,300 7,500 Commerce Dividend Commerce Dividend Fund Fund Golden Lake Exploration Common Shares England, Michael Bruno 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.1 980,000 20,000 Inc. John Franz Golden Leaf Holdings Options Martin, Larry Howard 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 2,230,000 Ltd.

Golden Leaf Holdings Options Martin, Larry Howard 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 2,330,000 Ltd. Golden Leaf Holdings Options Martin, Larry Howard 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 5,730,000 2,230,000 Ltd.

Golden Leaf Holdings Options McKnight, Robert 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 2,230,000 Ltd. Buchner, Jr.

Golden Leaf Holdings Options McKnight, Robert 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 2,330,000 Ltd. Buchner, Jr. Golden Leaf Holdings Options McKnight, Robert 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 5,730,000 2,230,000 Ltd. Buchner, Jr. Golden Leaf Holdings Options Winch, Alexander David 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 2,230,000 Ltd. Golden Leaf Holdings Options Winch, Alexander David 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 2,330,000 Ltd. Golden Leaf Holdings Options Winch, Alexander David 4 2019-09-02 50 0.06 5,930,000 2,230,000 Ltd. Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Finkielsztain, Andres 4 2019-10-18 57 20,225 10,163 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Fray, steve 5 2019-10-18 57 17,803 5,646 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-16 57 407,170 20,329 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-18 57 20,329 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-24 57 432,170 25,000 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-09-30 56 170,021 20,329 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-15 56 20,329 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-16 57 149,692 -20,329 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-18 57 -20,329 BitGold Inc.) Share Units

Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Premoli, Alessandro 5 2019-10-24 57 124,692 -25,000 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Sebag, Roy 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 57 19,305,489 40,653 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Turk, James J 4 2019-10-18 57 2,112,572 14,680 BitGold Inc.) Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Turk, James J 4 2019-10-15 56 14,680 14,680 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Turk, James J 4 2019-10-18 57 0 -14,680 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Turk, James J 4 2019-10-15 56 14,680 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Rights Restricted Turk, James J 4 2019-10-15 56 14,680 BitGold Inc.) Share Units Goldmoney Inc. (formerly Common Shares Wieler, Stefan 4, 5 2019-10-18 57 76,061 9,599 BitGold Inc.) Goldrea Resources Common Shares Eratie, Allan 4 2015-04-07 00 820,000 Corp. Goldrea Resources Common Shares Eratie, Allan 4 2018-05-10 10 0.12 865,750 45,750 Corp. Goldrea Resources Common Shares Eratie, Allan 4 2018-05-24 10 0.095 908,250 42,500 Corp. Goldrea Resources Common Shares Eratie, Allan 4 2018-06-18 10 0.12 947,750 39,500 Corp. Goldrea Resources Common Shares Eratie, Allan 4 2018-08-27 10 0.08 982,750 35,000 Corp.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8610

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.14 18,332,930 97,500 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.14 18,404,230 71,300 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.14 21,810,090 153,700 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.14 21,922,490 112,400 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.14 32,048,456 150,900 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.14 32,158,956 110,500 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.14 879,610 2,100 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.14 881,210 1,600 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.14 2,992,400 15,500 Gran Tierra Energy Inc. Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.14 3,003,800 11,400 Granite Oil Corp. Common Shares Carrigy, Brendan 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.51 1,072,222 5,000 Richard Granite Oil Corp. Common Shares Carrigy, Brendan 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.51 1,082,222 10,000 Richard Granite Oil Corp. Common Shares Kabanuk, Michael Lyle 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.52 1,150,976 5,000

Great Canadian Gaming Common Shares Essery, Garth Matthew 5 2019-06-18 00 Corporation Great Canadian Gaming Common Shares Essery, Garth Matthew 5 2019-10-22 10 41.44 140 140 Corporation Green Rise Capital Common Shares Tatomir, Matthew 3 2019-09-30 00 7,263,159 Corporation Greenlane Renewables Options Freeman, Lynda 5 2019-10-15 00 100,000 Inc. (formerly, Creation Capital Corp.) Group Eleven Resources Common Shares Jaworski, Bart 4 2019-10-22 10 0.09 3,348,301 5,000 Corp. Grown Rogue Common Shares Gledhill, Stephen Mark 5 2019-10-18 10 0.17 75,000 -10,500 International Inc. GTA Financecorp Inc. Common Shares Clausi, Peter Michael 4, 5 2019-10-17 16 0.025 88,514 80,000 GTA Financecorp Inc. Common Shares Crawford, Brian Lorne 4, 5 2019-10-17 16 0.025 91,642 80,000 Guerrero Ventures Inc. Common Shares de la Plante, Joseph 3, 4 2019-10-18 00 5,303,220 Guerrero Ventures Inc. Common Shares Keast, Branden 6 2019-10-18 00 5,853,220 Guerrero Ventures Inc. Common Shares Keast, Riley 6 2019-10-18 00 5,853,220 Guerrero Ventures Inc. Common Shares Medalist Capital Limited 3 2019-10-18 00 5,853,220 Guerrero Ventures Inc. Common Shares Metcalfe, Vincent 3, 5 2019-10-18 00 5,303,220 Guerrero Ventures Inc. Common Shares Sandusky, Stephen 6 2019-10-18 00 5,853,220 Heritage Cannabis Common Shares Senger, Debra Lynn 4 2019-10-22 10 0.29 9,378,500 -21,500 Holdings Corp. (formerly Umbral Energy Corp.)

Heritage Cannabis Common Shares Senger, Debra Lynn 4 2019-10-24 11 0.29 -176,500 Holdings Corp. (formerly Umbral Energy Corp.) Heritage Cannabis Common Shares Senger, Debra Lynn 4 2019-10-24 10 0.29 9,202,000 -176,500 Holdings Corp. (formerly Umbral Energy Corp.) Heritage Cannabis Common Shares Senger, Debra Lynn 4 2019-10-24 10 0.29 9,200,000 -2,000 Holdings Corp. (formerly Umbral Energy Corp.) Hornby Bay Mineral Common Shares Brady, James Martin 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 11 30,039,789 -193,000 Exploration Ltd. (formerly, Unor Inc.) Hornby Bay Mineral Common Shares Leigh, Frederic 4, 5 2019-10-21 11 1,543,000 193,000 Exploration Ltd. (formerly, Unor Inc.) Hornby Bay Mineral Common Shares Leigh, Frederic 4, 5 2019-10-21 11 7,260,523 5,717,523 Exploration Ltd. (formerly, Unor Inc.) Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares Baker, Richard Alan 4 2012-11-26 00 Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares Baker, Richard Alan 4 2012-11-26 00 Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares Baker, Richard Alan 4 2019-01-03 11 9.45 17,953,536 Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares Baker, Richard Alan 4 2019-01-03 11 9.45 17,953,536 Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares L&T B (Cayman) Inc. 3 2014-06-11 00 Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares L&T B (Cayman) Inc. 3 2014-06-11 00 Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares L&T B (Cayman) Inc. 3 2019-01-03 11 9.45 17,953,536

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8611

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Hudson's Bay Company Common Shares L&T B (Cayman) Inc. 3 2019-01-03 11 9.45 17,953,536

IMPACT Silver Corp. Options lishman, robert william 4 2019-10-15 52 200,000

IMPACT Silver Corp. Options lishman, robert william 4 2019-10-15 52 0 -200,000 IMPACT Silver Corp. Options lishman, robert william 4 2019-10-23 50 0.36 100,000 100,000 IMPACT Silver Corp. Options TANAKA, VICTOR 4 2019-10-25 50 0.36 475,000 100,000 AKIRA IMPACT Silver Corp. Options Tredger, Peter N. 4 2019-10-25 50 300,000 100,000 Imperial Metals Common Shares Fairholme Capital 3 2019-10-22 10 1.84 14,380,269 -18,825 Corporation Management, L.L.C. Imperial Metals Common Shares Fairholme Capital 3 2019-10-25 10 1.88 14,372,837 -7,432 Corporation Management, L.L.C. Imperial Metals Common Shares Moeller, Larry G. 4 2019-10-18 30 2.37 3,035,405 2,742 Corporation Imperial Metals Common Shares North, Janine Marie 4 2019-10-18 30 2.37 18,404 2,742 Corporation Imperial Metals Common Shares Veitch, James Patrick 4 2019-10-18 30 2.37 18,404 2,742 Corporation Imperial Oil Limited Common Shares Exxon Mobil 3 2019-10-18 38 32.46 522,640,057 -108,551 Corporation Imperial Oil Limited Common Shares Exxon Mobil 3 2019-10-21 38 33.01 522,531,507 -108,550 Corporation Imperial Oil Limited Common Shares Exxon Mobil 3 2019-10-22 38 33.22 522,422,956 -108,551 Corporation Imperial Oil Limited Common Shares Exxon Mobil 3 2019-10-23 38 33.21 522,314,406 -108,550 Corporation Imperial Oil Limited Common Shares Exxon Mobil 3 2019-10-24 38 33 522,205,855 -108,551 Corporation InMed Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Colwill, Bruce 5 2019-10-24 10 0.27 50,000 5,000 Inc. InMed Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Mancini, Alexandra 5 2019-10-21 10 0.27 136,500 2,500 Inc. Diane Janet InMed Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Mancini, Alexandra 5 2019-10-22 10 0.265 146,500 10,000 Inc. Diane Janet InMed Pharmaceuticals Common Shares Mancini, Alexandra 5 2019-10-24 10 0.26 148,000 1,500 Inc. Diane Janet Innergex Renewable UnitÚs d'actions Francisci, Nathalie 4 2019-10-24 56 9,928 883 Energy Inc. diffÚrÚes (UAD)/Deferred Shares Units (DSU)

Innergex Renewable UnitÚs d'actions Gagnon, Richard 4 2019-10-24 56 9,928 883 Energy Inc. diffÚrÚes (UAD)/Deferred Shares Units (DSU) Innergex Renewable UnitÚs d'actions McGuinty, Dalton 4 2019-10-24 56 15,982 883 Energy Inc. diffÚrÚes (UAD)/Deferred Shares Units (DSU) Innergex Renewable UnitÚs d'actions Mercier, Monique 4 2019-10-24 56 19,048 1,163 Energy Inc. diffÚrÚes (UAD)/Deferred Shares Units (DSU) Innergex Renewable UnitÚs d'actions Sananikone, Ouma 4 2019-10-24 56 3,882 1,232 Energy Inc. diffÚrÚes (UAD)/Deferred Shares Units (DSU) InnoCan Pharma Common Shares Lintern, Joshua Aaron 4, 6 2019-09-25 00 Corporation InnoCan Pharma Options Lintern, Joshua Aaron 4, 6 2019-09-25 00 300,000 Corporation InnoCan Pharma Units Common Lintern, Joshua Aaron 4, 6 2019-09-25 00 166,000 Corporation Shares/Half Warrant InnoCan Pharma Options Orsing, Hans Ola 6 2019-09-25 00 Corporation InnoCan Pharma Common Shares Solsken Limited 3 2019-09-25 00 30,496,817 Corporation InnoCan Pharma Options Solsken Limited 3 2019-09-25 00 15,981,916 Corporation

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8612

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Inspira Financial Inc. Common Shares Greene, Roger Scott 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.12 5,747,103 36,500 Intouch Insight Ltd. Common Shares Oliver, William 4 2019-10-23 10 0.39 50,000 25,000

Intrinsyc Technologies Common Shares Bird, Michael William 4 2019-05-20 51 0.8 6,250 Corporation Intrinsyc Technologies Common Shares Bird, Michael William 4 2019-05-20 51 0.8 48,570 6,250 Corporation Inventus Mining Corp. Common Shares Spears, Stephan 6 2019-10-18 10 0.075 857,501 49,000 Michael Seydegart Irving Resources Inc. Common Shares Buchanan, Douglas B. 4 2019-10-21 54 0.55 294,999 30,000 Irving Resources Inc. Warrants Buchanan, Douglas B. 4 2019-10-21 54 0.55 0 -30,000

Isracann Biosciences Common Shares Bromley, Sean 4 2019-10-17 10 0.25 10,000 Inc. (formerly, Atlas Blockchain Group Inc.) Isracann Biosciences Common Shares Bromley, Sean 4 2019-10-17 10 0.25 10,000 10,000 Inc. (formerly, Atlas Blockchain Group Inc.) Isracann Biosciences Common Shares Bromley, Sean 4 2019-10-21 10 0.295 20,000 10,000 Inc. (formerly, Atlas Blockchain Group Inc.) Itafos (formerly, MBAC Restricted Share Burdette, George 5 2019-02-01 56 130,714 70,714 Fertilizer Corp.) Units Wrigley Itafos (formerly, MBAC Common Shares Cina, Anthony 4 2019-10-21 10 1.35 35,000 Fertilizer Corp.) Itafos (formerly, MBAC Common Shares Cina, Anthony 4 2019-10-21 10 1.35 35,000 Fertilizer Corp.) Itafos (formerly, MBAC Common Shares Cina, Anthony 4 2019-10-21 10 1.35 29,125 -35,000 Fertilizer Corp.) Itafos (formerly, MBAC Restricted Share Ibnabdeljalil, Mohamed 4, 5 2019-09-30 57 -9,339 Fertilizer Corp.) Units Itafos (formerly, MBAC Restricted Share Ibnabdeljalil, Mohamed 4, 5 2019-09-30 57 155,986 -13,500 Fertilizer Corp.) Units Itafos (formerly, MBAC Restricted Share Planchart, Fernando 5 2019-09-30 00 111,448 Fertilizer Corp.) Units Ivrnet Inc. Common Shares Topolniski, Chris 5 2019-10-17 10 0.02 730,500 -100,000 Jericho Oil Corporation Common Shares Williamson, Brian 7 2019-10-22 10 0.25 675,000 10,000 (fka Dakar Resource Corp.) Josemaria Resources Debentures 2019 Lorito Holdings S.Ó.r.l. 3 2009-05-31 00 Inc. US$20 Million

Josemaria Resources Debentures 2019 Lorito Holdings S.Ó.r.l. 3 2019-10-25 11 $20,000,000 $20,000,000 Inc. US$20 Million Karmin Exploration Inc. Common Shares Faucher, Richard Regis 4 2019-10-25 97 0.77 0 -480,000 Kew Media Group Inc. Variable Voting Kwak, Erick 7, 5 2019-10-10 22 10.25 17,437 1,043 Shares and Common Voting Shares Kew Media Group Inc. Variable Voting McCathie, Tobias Leslie 7 2019-10-10 22 10.25 3,545 212 Shares and Common Voting Shares Kew Media Group Inc. Variable Voting Phillips, Gregory Martin 7 2019-10-10 22 10.25 31,049 1,725 Shares and Common Voting Shares Kew Media Group Inc. Variable Voting Webb, Geoffrey Richard 7, 5 2019-10-10 22 10.25 29,801 1,783 Shares and Common Voting Shares Kew Media Group Inc. Variable Voting Webb, Geoffrey Richard 7, 5 2019-10-10 22 10.25 6,061 358 Shares and Common Voting Shares Kew Media Group Inc. Variable Voting Webb, Geoffrey Richard 7, 5 2019-10-10 22 10.25 5,053 302 Shares and Common Voting Shares Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Rights Deferred Share Lewis-Gray, Elizabeth 4 2019-09-26 00 Unit Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Rights Deferred Share Lewis-Gray, Elizabeth 4 2019-10-21 56 408 408 Unit Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Common Shares OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-17 51 4.95 105,000 100,000 Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Common Shares OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-17 10 59.66 55,000 -50,000 Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Common Shares OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-17 10 59.24 5,000 -50,000

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8613

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Common Shares OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-22 51 4.95 55,000 50,000 Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Common Shares OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-22 10 58.956 5,000 -50,000 Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Options OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-17 51 4.95 50,000 -100,000 Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. Options OLSON, BARRY 4 2019-10-22 51 4.95 0 -50,000 Kontrol Energy Corp. Common Shares Lavereau, Kristian 5 2019-10-22 10 0.52 1,257,167 6,500 KWG Resources Inc. Subordinate Voting Hodgman, Bruce 5 2019-10-21 10 0.005 745,462 -200,000 Shares Ronald LeoNovus Inc. Common Shares Archambault, Denis 4 2019-10-22 10 0.025 4,751,500 124,000 LeoNovus Inc. Common Shares Archambault, Denis 4 2019-10-23 10 0.025 4,800,500 49,000 LeoNovus Inc. Common Shares Archambault, Denis 4 2019-10-23 10 0.025 367,000 167,000 Leucrotta Exploration Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-18 10 0.49 11,111,000 3,000 Inc. Leucrotta Exploration Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-21 10 0.4958 11,145,000 34,000 Inc. Leucrotta Exploration Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-23 10 0.48 11,168,000 23,000 Inc. Leucrotta Exploration Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-24 10 0.4514 11,228,500 60,500 Inc. Lions Bay Mining Corp. Common Shares Poirier, Jeremy 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.145 77,651 3,500 Lions Bay Mining Corp. Common Shares Poirier, Jeremy 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.145 80,651 3,000 Lithium Americas Corp. Common Shares LeBlanc, Rene James 5 2019-10-18 10 3.95 57,846 -6,000 William Lithium Americas Corp. Common Shares LeBlanc, Rene James 5 2019-10-21 10 3.98 51,846 -6,000 William Lithium Americas Corp. Common Shares LeBlanc, Rene James 5 2019-10-22 10 3.91 43,746 -8,100 William Lithium Americas Corp. Common Shares LeBlanc, Rene James 5 2019-10-23 10 3.96 39,846 -3,900 William Logica Ventures Corp. Common Shares Mesburis, Paul 4 2019-10-16 00 560,000 1,340,000 Lotus Ventures Inc. Common Shares McClanaghan, Dale 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.1 -29,836 3,500 MAG Silver Corp. Common Shares Clark, Richard Peter 4 2019-10-22 10 12.41 78,513 10,000 Mandalay Resources Common Shares AZVALOR ASSET 3 2019-10-18 10 1,267,498 74,200 Corporation MANAGEMENT SGIIC Mandalay Resources Common Shares AZVALOR ASSET 3 2019-10-21 10 1,308,298 40,800 Corporation MANAGEMENT SGIIC Maple Leaf Foods Inc. Options Employee Hathaway, Suzanne 5 2019-03-11 00 71,100 Maple Leaf Foods Inc. Rights PSU - Hathaway, Suzanne 5 2019-03-11 00 7,710 Performance Share Units settled with market shares Maple Leaf Foods Inc. Rights Restricted Hathaway, Suzanne 5 2019-03-11 00 7,710 Share Units settled with market shares Marathon Gold Common Shares Portmann, Hannes 5 2019-10-16 00 40,000 Corporation Philip Marathon Gold Common Shares Portmann, Hannes 5 2019-10-16 00 26,000 Corporation Philip Marathon Gold Options Portmann, Hannes 5 2019-10-16 00 800,000 Corporation Philip Mawson Resources Common Shares Hudson, Michael Robert 4 2019-10-18 11 0.16 1,577,119 -325,000 Limited Maxim Power Corp. Common Shares Chernoff, M. Bruce 3, 4 2019-10-16 11 1.6 12,449,381 360,331 MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-18 38 6.5317 4,100 4,100 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-18 38 0 -4,100 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-21 38 6.5929 700 700 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-21 38 0 -700 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-22 38 6.5909 1,100 1,100 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-22 38 0 -1,100 Equity Shares

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8614

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-23 38 6.62 400 400 Equity Shares

MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-23 38 0 -400 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-24 38 6.6 400 400 Equity Shares MBN Corporation Common Shares MBN Corporation 1 2019-10-24 38 0 -400 Equity Shares MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.99 2,832 55 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.99 3,780 74 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.99 6,161 120 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-07-30 30 15.95 11,261 37 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-08-15 30 15.24 11,299 38 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-08-30 30 15.788 11,336 37 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-16 30 15.75 11,373 37 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-27 30 15.93 11,410 37 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Common Shares Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.57 11,643 233 Corporation MCAN Mortgage Performance Deferred Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.917 6,607 66 Corporation Share Units MCAN Mortgage Performance Deferred Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.917 6,648 41 Corporation Share Units MCAN Mortgage Performance Deferred Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.917 6,672 24 Corporation Share Units MCAN Mortgage Restricted Share Pinto, Sylvia 5 2019-09-30 30 15.917 2,296 45 Corporation Units Media Central Common Shares Gledhill, Stephen Mark 5 2019-10-22 00 Corporation Inc. (formerly IntellaEquity Inc.) Media Central Options Gledhill, Stephen Mark 5 2019-10-22 00 Corporation Inc. (formerly IntellaEquity Inc.)

Media Central Common Shares Kalish, Brian 4, 5 2019-10-23 00 Corporation Inc. (formerly IntellaEquity Inc.) Media Central Common Shares Kalish, Brian 4, 5 2019-10-23 22 0.05 28,500,000 28,500,000 Corporation Inc. (formerly IntellaEquity Inc.) Medicure Inc. Common Shares Friesen, Albert David 4, 5 2019-10-21 11 0 -106,952 MEG Energy Corp. Notes 6.500% Senior MEG Energy Corp. 1 2019-10-21 38 $11,704,000 $11,704,000 Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025 MEG Energy Corp. Notes 6.500% Senior MEG Energy Corp. 1 2019-10-21 38 $12,800,000 $1,096,000 Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025 MEG Energy Corp. Notes 6.500% Senior MEG Energy Corp. 1 2019-10-23 38 $1,096,000 -$11,704,000 Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025 MEG Energy Corp. Notes 6.500% Senior MEG Energy Corp. 1 2019-10-23 38 $0 -$1,096,000 Secured Second Lien Notes due 2025 Melcor Developments Common Shares Melcor Developments 1 2019-10-18 38 12.3 10,800 1,000 Ltd. Ltd. Melcor Developments Common Shares Melcor Developments 1 2019-10-21 38 12.282 11,800 1,000 Ltd. Ltd.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8615

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Melcor Developments Common Shares Melcor Developments 1 2019-10-22 38 12.2 12,800 1,000 Ltd. Ltd. Melcor Developments Common Shares Melcor Developments 1 2019-10-23 38 12.45 12,900 100 Ltd. Ltd. Melcor Developments Common Shares Melcor Developments 1 2019-10-24 38 12.41 13,900 1,000 Ltd. Ltd. Melcor Developments Common Shares Melcor Developments 1 2019-10-25 38 12.5 14,900 1,000 Ltd. Ltd. Melcor Real Estate Trust Units Melcor Real Estate 1 2019-10-24 38 7.58 0 -5,816 Investment Trust Investment Trust

Metallic Minerals Corp. Common Shares 2176423 Ontario Ltd. 3 2019-10-18 00 Metallic Minerals Corp. Common Shares 2176423 Ontario Ltd. 3 2019-10-18 11 0.156 12,500,000 12,500,000

Metallic Minerals Corp. Warrants 2176423 Ontario Ltd. 3 2019-10-1800 Metallic Minerals Corp. Warrants 2176423 Ontario Ltd. 3 2019-10-18 11 0.25 6,250,000 6,250,000

Metallic Minerals Corp. Common Shares Sprott, Eric S. 3 2019-10-1800 Metallic Minerals Corp. Common Shares Sprott, Eric S. 3 2019-10-18 11 0.156 12,500,000 12,500,000 Metallic Minerals Corp. Warrants Sprott, Eric S. 3 2019-10-18 00 Metallic Minerals Corp. Warrants Sprott, Eric S. 3 2019-10-18 11 0.25 6,250,000 6,250,000 Metals Creek Resources Options MacIsaac, Michael 5 2019-10-21 52 0.49 775,000 -17,144 Corp. Metals Creek Resources Options Reid, Newman Wayne 4, 5 2019-10-21 52 0.49 535,000 -14,285 Corp. Metals Creek Resources Options Stares, Alexander 4 2019-10-21 52 0.49 950,000 -25,715 Corp. Metals Creek Resources Options Stares, Michael 4 2019-10-21 52 0.49 535,000 -14,285 Corp. Metals Creek Resources Options Tsimidis, Nick 4, 5 2019-10-21 52 535,000 -10,000 Corp. Methanex Corporation Common Shares M&G Investment 3 2019-10-21 10 36.355 4,366,018 -2,446 Management Limited Methanex Corporation Common Shares M&G Investment 3 2019-10-22 10 35.307 4,360,862 -5,156 Management Limited Mineral Mountain Options Baker, Bradley 4 2019-10-21 50 0.175 1,700,000 250,000 Resources Ltd. Mineral Mountain Options Corrall, Brian Frederick 4 2019-10-07 50 0.175 350,000 200,000 Resources Ltd. Mineral Mountain Common Shares Thomas, Trevor 4 2016-09-22 00 Resources Ltd. Mineral Mountain Common Shares Thomas, Trevor 4 2019-10-17 11 0.15 75,000 75,000 Resources Ltd. Mineral Mountain Options Thomas, Trevor 4 2019-10-17 50 0.175 550,000 200,000 Resources Ltd. Mineral Mountain Warrants Thomas, Trevor 4 2016-09-22 00 Resources Ltd. Mineral Mountain Warrants Thomas, Trevor 4 2019-10-17 53 0.25 75,000 75,000 Resources Ltd. MLI Marble Lending Inc. Common Shares Scharfe, Jason Wesley 4 2019-10-24 10 0.22 793,500 6,500 Monarch Gold Common Shares Bouchard, Michel 4 2019-10-21 10 0.21 93,000 3,000 Corporation Monarch Gold Common Shares SÚguin, Mathieu 5 2019-10-17 10 0.2077 2,100,000 100,000 Corporation Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.1 10,723,667 32,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.105 10,788,667 65,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.105 10,793,667 5,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.11 10,843,667 50,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.105 10,857,667 14,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.118 10,873,167 15,500 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.12 10,878,167 5,000 Products Inc.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8616

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.13 10,898,167 20,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.12 10,927,667 29,500 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.12 10,930,667 3,000 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.12 10,946,167 15,500 Products Inc. Mondias Natural Common Shares Rancourt, AndrÚ 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.12 10,947,667 1,500 Products Inc. MPV Exploration Inc. Common Shares Perras, Jean-Francois 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.06 1,287,920 86,000 MPX International Common Shares BOYES, WILLIAM 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.5 4,272,350 25,000 Corporation SCOTT MPX International Common Shares BOYES, WILLIAM 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.5 4,297,350 25,000 Corporation SCOTT MPX International Common Shares BOYES, WILLIAM 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.5 4,347,350 50,000 Corporation SCOTT MPX International Common Shares BOYES, WILLIAM 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.48 4,397,350 50,000 Corporation SCOTT MTY Food Group Inc. Common Shares ARMUTLU, MURAT 4 2019-10-21 10 52.75 31,000 1,000 MTY Food Group Inc. Common Shares ARMUTLU, MURAT 4 2019-10-21 90 0 -1,000 Must Capital Inc. Common Shares Marrandino, Michele 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.08 20,000 2,000 (formerly Intrinsic4D Inc.) Nabis Holdings Inc. Common Shares Krytiuk, Mark 5 2019-10-16 10 0.07 11,595,666 52,000 (formerly, Innovative Properties Inc.) Nabis Holdings Inc. Common Shares Krytiuk, Mark 5 2019-10-17 10 0.07 11,773,666 178,000 (formerly, Innovative Properties Inc.) Nabis Holdings Inc. Common Shares Krytiuk, Mark 5 2019-10-21 10 0.08 11,834,666 61,000 (formerly, Innovative Properties Inc.) Neptune Wellness Common Shares Cammarata, Michael 4 2019-10-23 57 4.43 605,163 150,617 Solutions Inc. (formerly Taylor Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc.) Neptune Wellness Restricted Share Cammarata, Michael 4 2019-10-23 57 4.43 2,649,383 -150,617 Solutions Inc. (formerly Units Taylor Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc.) Neptune Wellness Restricted Share Cammarata, Michael 4 2019-10-23 59 4.43 2,566,666 -82,717 Solutions Inc. (formerly Units Taylor Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc.) Nevada Sunrise Gold Warrants Boddy, Christina Lynn 5 2019-10-20 55 0 -5,500 Corporation NioBay Metals Inc. Common Shares David, Jean-SÚbastien 4 2019-10-21 10 0.53 424,632 60,000 (formerly MDN INC.) NioBay Metals Inc. Common Shares David, Jean-SÚbastien 4 2019-10-23 10 0.52 464,632 40,000 (formerly MDN INC.) NioBay Metals Inc. Common Shares David, Jean-SÚbastien 4 2019-10-24 10 0.5 484,632 20,000 (formerly MDN INC.) NORTHERN LIGHTS Common Shares Bahnsen, Jason 4, 5 2019-10-15 10 0.04 1,236,000 10,000 RESOURCES CORP. NORTHERN LIGHTS Common Shares Bahnsen, Jason 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.035 1,256,000 20,000 RESOURCES CORP. Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-21 10 0.045 13,152,777 444,444 Resources Inc. Montgomery Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-22 10 0.055 13,359,777 207,000 Resources Inc. Montgomery Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-22 10 0.05 13,379,777 20,000 Resources Inc. Montgomery Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-23 10 0.055 13,383,777 4,000 Resources Inc. Montgomery Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-23 10 0.06 13,795,777 412,000 Resources Inc. Montgomery

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8617

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-23 10 0.065 13,813,333 17,556 Resources Inc. Montgomery Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-25 10 0.06 13,900,000 86,667 Resources Inc. Montgomery Northern Shield Common Shares Richards, Russell 4 2019-10-25 10 0.065 14,000,000 100,000 Resources Inc. Montgomery Nouveau Monde Common Shares Desaulniers, Eric 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.2 671,000 15,000 Graphite Inc. (auparavant Nouveau Monde Mining Enterprises Inc.)

Nouveau Monde Common Shares Tarte, Charles-Olivier 5 2019-10-25 10 275,000 25,000 Graphite Inc. (auparavant Nouveau Monde Mining Enterprises Inc.) Novoheart Holdings Inc. Common Shares Ngan Ng, Yu Ying 4 2019-09-30 10 0.2954 2,754,728 67,500

Nuran Wireless Inc. Common Shares B╔DARD, Martin 3 2019-10-18 97 0 -5,000,000 (formerly 1014372 B.C. Ltd.) NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.57 5,573,700 74,100 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.62 5,620,200 46,500 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.57 10,048,700 114,600 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.62 10,120,800 72,100 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.57 7,645,200 116,700 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.62 7,718,600 73,400 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.62 116,250 1,600 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.62 117,250 1,000 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-23 10 1.57 1,000,900 11,800 LTD. NUVISTA ENERGY Common Shares GMT Capital Corp 3 2019-10-24 10 1.62 1,008,300 7,400 LTD. Oceanus Resources Common Shares Holmes, Glenn 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.05 1,656,007 50,000 Corporation Olympia Financial Group Common Shares Skauge, Rick 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 46.33 18,934 23 Inc. Oncolytics Biotech Inc. Options Kruimer, Leonard 4 2019-10-02 00 Oncolytics Biotech Inc. Options Kruimer, Leonard 4 2019-10-02 50 0.54 50,000 50,000 ONEX CORPORATION Forward Purchase Onex Corporation 1 2019-10-16 70 80.92 1,209,610 -54,173 (Forward contract entered into for hedging purposes) OREX MINERALS INC. Common Shares Cope, Gary Gordon 5 2019-10-21 10 0.1 15,282,200 114,000 OREX MINERALS INC. Common Shares Cope, Gary Gordon 5 2019-10-21 10 0.095 15,318,200 36,000 OREX MINERALS INC. Common Shares Cope, Gary Gordon 5 2019-10-23 10 0.1 15,412,200 94,000 OREX MINERALS INC. Common Shares Cope, Gary Gordon 5 2019-10-23 10 0.1 15,418,200 6,000 Organto Foods Inc. Common Shares Gianulis, Peter 6 2019-10-24 10 0.055 4,194,500 135,000 Lawrence ORTHO Common Shares Mainville, Luc 5 2019-10-21 10 0.2 100,000 22,000 REGENERATIVE TECHNOLOGIES INC. ORTHO Convertible Mainville, Luc 5 2019-10-08 10 1000 $175 REGENERATIVE Debentures 10%, 2 TECHNOLOGIES INC. years, $0.30 Conversion Price ORTHO Convertible Mainville, Luc 5 2019-10-08 16 0.3 $175,000 $175,000 REGENERATIVE Debentures 10%, 2 TECHNOLOGIES INC. years, $0.30 Conversion Price

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8618

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

OSISKO GOLD Common Shares Le Bel, AndrÚ 5 2019-05-04 97 13.37 -8,918 ROYALTIES LTD OSISKO GOLD Common Shares Le Bel, AndrÚ 5 2019-05-04 97 13.37 48,942 8,918 ROYALTIES LTD Osisko Mining Inc. Common Shares Burzynski, John Feliks 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 2.9 345,000 10,000 Osisko Mining Inc. Common Shares Burzynski, John Feliks 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 2.89 350,000 5,000 Pacific Empire Minerals Common Shares Ritchie, Rory 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.03 1,002,000 5,000 Corp. Pacific Empire Minerals Common Shares Ritchie, Rory 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.03 1,029,500 27,500 Corp. Palamina Corp. Common Shares Thomson, Andrew 4 2019-10-22 10 0.22 1,351,202 2,000 Palamina Corp. Common Shares Thomson, Andrew 4 2019-10-21 10 0.22 322,316 1,500 Palamina Corp. Common Shares Thomson, Andrew 4 2019-10-24 10 0.24 323,816 1,500 Parkland Fuel Common Shares Hogarth, Timothy 4 2019-10-18 10 46.045 268,538 -15,000 Corporation Peloton Minerals Common Shares ELLWOOD, EDWARD 5 2019-10-16 10 0.095 3,871,796 5,000 Corporation LEITH Peloton Minerals Common Shares ELLWOOD, EDWARD 5 2019-10-22 10 0.09 3,901,796 14,000 Corporation LEITH Peloton Minerals Common Shares ELLWOOD, EDWARD 5 2019-10-22 10 0.095 3,909,796 8,000 Corporation LEITH Pershimex Resources Common Shares Bureau, Roger 3, 4, 6 2019-10-18 10 0.04 10,969,333 10,000 Corporation Pershimex Resources Common Shares Bureau, Roger 3, 4, 6 2019-10-19 10 4 10,000 Corporation Pieridae Energy Limited Common Shares Ciz, Thomas Dmitro 5 2019-10-24 97 584,021 -33,884 (formerly Petrolia Inc.) Pieridae Energy Limited Options Ciz, Thomas Dmitro 5 2019-10-21 50 0.92 441,152 1 (formerly Petrolia Inc.) Pieridae Energy Limited Options Dawson, Thomas 5 2019-10-21 50 225,000 75,000 (formerly Petrolia Inc.) Pieridae Energy Limited Common Shares Erikson National Energy 3 2019-10-17 00 23,255,813 (formerly Petrolia Inc.) Inc. Pieridae Energy Limited Options Sorensen, Alfred 3, 4, 1, 2019-10-21 50 0.92 315,000 120,000 (formerly Petrolia Inc.) 5 PIKE MOUNTAIN Common Shares Amezquita, Carmen 5 2019-09-13 00 MINERALS INC. PIKE MOUNTAIN Options Amezquita, Carmen 5 2019-09-13 00 MINERALS INC. PIKE MOUNTAIN Options Amezquita, Carmen 5 2019-10-21 50 0.15 110,000 110,000 MINERALS INC.

PIKE MOUNTAIN Common Shares Henneberry, Ralph 4, 5 2018-07-13 00 MINERALS INC. options Timothy PIKE MOUNTAIN Common Shares Henneberry, Ralph 4, 5 2019-10-21 50 0.15 200,000 200,000 MINERALS INC. options Timothy PIKE MOUNTAIN Options Meekison, William John 3, 4 2019-03-21 00 MINERALS INC. PIKE MOUNTAIN Options Meekison, William John 3, 4 2019-10-21 50 200,000 200,000 MINERALS INC. PIKE MOUNTAIN Options Poirier, Jeremy 4 2019-10-21 00 70,000 MINERALS INC. Pine Cliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-08 10 0.13 11,454,000 100,000 Pine Cliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-22 11 0.13 11,459,000 5,000 Pine Cliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-21 10 0.13 20,680,087 24,500 Pine Cliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-24 10 0.12 20,692,691 100,000 Pine Cliff Energy Ltd. Common Shares Disbrow, Robert 3 2019-10-22 10 0.13 20,683,087 3,000 Plateau Energy Metals Common Shares Relling, Thomas Peter 3 2019-10-23 10 0.2033 7,214,894 -108,500 Inc. Max Pond Technologies Common Shares McLeese, Robert 4 2019-10-18 10 0.486 584,370 35,500 Holdings Inc. Stewart POSaBIT Systems Options Gledhill, Stephen Mark 5 2019-04-05 00 Corporation POSaBIT Systems Options Gledhill, Stephen Mark 5 2019-10-17 50 0.15 200,000 200,000 Corporation

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8619

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Prophecy Development Common Shares Lee, John 4, 5 2019-10-18 11 0.4 13,709,901 400,000 Corp. without par value

Prophecy Development Common Shares Plavutska, Irina 5 2019-10-21 10 0 -182,500 Corp. without par value Prophecy Potash Corp. Common Shares McDonald, Ian 4 2019-10-24 10 0.1 4,020,766 1,100 Puma Exploration Inc. Common Shares Robillard, Marcel 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.0125 5,621,465 20,000 Puma Exploration Inc. Common Shares Robillard, Marcel 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.015 5,641,465 20,000 QMX Gold Corporation Common Shares Humphrey, Bradley 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.061 1,464,000 219,000 (formerly Alexis Minerals Dean Corporation) QMX Gold Corporation Common Shares Humphrey, Bradley 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.06 1,549,000 85,000 (formerly Alexis Minerals Dean Corporation) QMX Gold Corporation Common Shares Humphrey, Bradley 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.055 1,749,000 200,000 (formerly Alexis Minerals Dean Corporation) Rare Element Resources Common Shares Synchron, a California 3 2019-10-16 51 5E+06 50,825,000 24,175,000 Ltd. corporation Rare Element Resources Options Synchron, a California 3 2019-10-16 51 5E+06 0 -1 Ltd. corporation Ravensource Fund Trust Units Reid, Scott 3 2019-10-23 10 17.09 2,000 (formerly The First Asia Income Fund) Ravensource Fund Trust Units Reid, Scott 3 2019-10-23 10 17.09 166,487 2,000 (formerly The First Asia Income Fund) Ravensource Fund Trust Units Reid, Scott 3 2019-10-23 10 17.91 166,287 -200 (formerly The First Asia Income Fund) Ravensource Fund Trust Units Reid, Scott 3 2019-10-23 10 17.9 163,487 -2,800 (formerly The First Asia Income Fund) Razor Energy Corp. Common Shares Bailey, Douglas George 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 1.32 1,281,515 100 Razor Energy Corp. Common Shares Bailey, Douglas George 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 1.34 1,282,415 900 Regency Gold Corp. Common Shares Radvak, William Joseph 4 2019-10-23 99 964,771 -181,775 Reko International Group Common Shares Reko International 1 2019-10-21 38 3.6547 1,700 1,700 Inc. Group Inc. Reko International Group Common Shares Reko International 1 2019-10-21 38 3.6547 0 -1,700 Inc. Group Inc. Reko International Group Common Shares Reko International 1 2019-10-25 38 3.69 2,000 2,000 Inc. Group Inc. Reko International Group Common Shares Reko International 1 2019-10-25 38 3.69 0 -2,000 Inc. Group Inc. Renforth Resources Inc. Common Shares Breede, Kurt 4 2019-04-17 10 0.045 89,000 Renforth Resources Inc. Common Shares Breede, Kurt 4 2019-04-17 10 0.045 90,000 90,000 Renforth Resources Inc. Common Shares Breede, Kurt 4 2019-10-21 10 0.045 230,000 140,000 Resverlogix Corp. Options WONG, NORMAN C.W. 5 2019-10-22 52 25,000 -150,000 Revival Gold Inc. Common Shares Agro, Hugh 3, 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.49 3,370,100 23,000 Richelieu Hardware Ltd. Common Shares Auclair, Antoine 5 2019-10-22 51 9.14 32,335 30,000 Richelieu Hardware Ltd. Common Shares Auclair, Antoine 5 2019-10-22 10 27.015 2,335 -30,000 Richelieu Hardware Ltd. Options Auclair, Antoine 5 2019-10-22 51 9.14 145,000 -30,000 Ridgewood Canadian Units Ridgewood Capital 3 2019-10-21 10 16.361 9,523,819 841 Investment Grade Bond Asset Management Fund Ridgewood Canadian Units Ridgewood Capital 3 2019-10-21 10 16.361 9,522,957 -862 Investment Grade Bond Asset Management Fund Ridgewood Canadian Units Ridgewood Capital 3 2019-10-22 10 16.393 9,523,845 888 Investment Grade Bond Asset Management Fund Ridgewood Canadian Units Ridgewood Capital 3 2019-10-22 10 16.4 9,523,535 -310 Investment Grade Bond Asset Management Fund Ridgewood Canadian Units Ridgewood Capital 3 2019-10-23 10 17 9,525,005 1,470 Investment Grade Bond Asset Management Fund

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8620

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Ridgewood Canadian Units Ridgewood Capital 3 2019-10-23 10 17 9,523,535 -1,470 Investment Grade Bond Asset Management Fund Ridgewood Canadian Units Simpson, John H. 5 2019-10-21 10 16.361 38,513 -552 Investment Grade Bond Fund Ridgewood Canadian Units Simpson, John H. 5 2019-10-23 10 17 37,043 -1,470 Investment Grade Bond Fund Royal Bank of Canada Common Shares Gottschling, Helena 5 2019-10-22 51 55.041 2,297 882 Royal Bank of Canada Common Shares Gottschling, Helena 5 2019-10-22 10 107.98 1,415 -882 Royal Bank of Canada Options Gottschling, Helena 5 2019-10-22 51 55.041 63,130 -882 Royal Bank of Canada Common Shares McKay, David Ian 4, 5 2019-10-22 51 55.041 14,131 8,258 Royal Bank of Canada Common Shares McKay, David Ian 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 108.05 5,873 -8,258 Royal Bank of Canada Options McKay, David Ian 4, 5 2019-10-22 51 55.041 886,170 -8,258 Sanatana Resources Inc. Common Shares Miles, Peter Leighton 3, 4, 5 2019-10-15 10 0.03 12,788,886 100,000 Sanatana Resources Inc. Common Shares Miles, Peter Leighton 3, 4, 5 2019-10-17 10 0.03 13,088,886 300,000 Score Media and Options Schneider, Lorry H. 4 2019-03-15 51 0.13 426,666 -13,334 Gaming Inc. (formerly theScore, Inc.) Score Media and Subordinate Voting Schneider, Lorry H. 4 2019-03-15 51 0.13 195,004 13,334 Gaming Inc. (formerly Shares - Class A theScore, Inc.) ScoZinc Mining Ltd. Common Shares Haywood, Mark 5 2019-10-21 10 0.775 377,000 1,000 Stephen Richard Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-22 10 0.325 1,189,200 -5,000 Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-22 10 0.32 1,184,200 -5,000 Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-22 10 0.32 1,179,200 -5,000 Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-22 10 0.32 1,168,200 -11,000 Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-25 10 0.32 1,164,200 -4,000 Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-25 10 0.32 1,161,200 -3,000 Seahawk Ventures Inc. Common Shares Ekholm, Ian Jack 3 2019-10-25 10 0.32 1,158,200 -3,000 Sernova Corp. Options SWETLOW, DAVID 5 2019-10-08 00 Sernova Corp. Options SWETLOW, DAVID 5 2019-10-23 50 750,000 750,000 Shamrock Enterprises Common Shares Rayani, Nizar 4, 5 2019-10-12 00 Inc. Sherritt International Deferred Share Units Belanger, Maryse 4 2019-10-15 56 0.28 351,780 80,358 Corporation Sherritt International Deferred Share Units Warwick, John Michael 4 2019-10-15 56 0.28 397,208 80,358 Corporation Shopify Inc. Multiple Voting Finkelstein, Harley 5 2019-10-24 51 0.152 2,459 2,459 Shares Class B Michael Multiple Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Multiple Voting Finkelstein, Harley 5 2019-10-24 36 0 -2,459 Shares Class B Michael Multiple Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Options Finkelstein, Harley 5 2019-10-24 51 0.152 24,099 -2,459 Michael Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Finkelstein, Harley 5 2019-10-24 36 2,638 2,459 Shares Class A Michael Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Finkelstein, Harley 5 2019-10-24 30 303.07 179 -2,459 Shares Class A Michael Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Lutke, Tobias Albin 4, 5 2019-10-21 30 324.78 40,000 -8,000 Shares Class A Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Multiple Voting Miller, Craig Stuart 5 2019-10-21 51 6.22 2,916 2,916 Shares Class B Multiple Voting Shares

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8621

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Shopify Inc. Multiple Voting Miller, Craig Stuart 5 2019-10-21 36 0 -2,916 Shares Class B Multiple Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Options Miller, Craig Stuart 5 2019-10-21 51 6.22 154,088 -2,916 Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Miller, Craig Stuart 5 2019-10-21 36 3,035 2,916 Shares Class A Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Miller, Craig Stuart 5 2019-10-21 30 316.55 119 -2,916 Shares Class A Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Options Shapero, Amy Elizabeth 5 2019-10-21 51 137.72 60,884 -149 Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Shapero, Amy Elizabeth 5 2019-10-21 51 137.72 5,778 149 Shares Class A Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Shapero, Amy Elizabeth 5 2019-10-21 30 317 5,629 -149 Shares Class A Subordinate Voting Shares Shopify Inc. Subordinate Voting Shapero, Amy Elizabeth 5 2019-10-21 30 317 5,550 -79 Shares Class A Subordinate Voting Shares SilverCrest Metals Inc. Common Shares Ritchie, Christopher 5 2019-10-18 10 8 708,500 -8,800 Kyle SilverCrest Metals Inc. Common Shares Ritchie, Christopher 5 2019-10-18 10 7.917 687,800 -20,700 Kyle SilverCrest Metals Inc. Common Shares Ritchie, Christopher 5 2019-10-18 10 7.907 683,400 -4,400 Kyle SilverCrest Metals Inc. Common Shares Ritchie, Christopher 5 2019-10-21 10 7.7353 652,300 -31,100 Kyle SilverCrest Metals Inc. Common Shares Ritchie, Christopher 5 2019-10-22 54 2.29 878,200 225,900 Kyle SilverCrest Metals Inc. Warrants Ritchie, Christopher 5 2019-10-22 54 2.29 0 -225,900 Kyle Sirona Biochem Corp. Common Shares Verrico, Howard Jarman 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 7,571,250 -230,000 Sirona Biochem Corp. Common Shares Verrico, Howard Jarman 4, 5 2019-10-25 11 7,351,250 -220,000 Sirona Biochem Corp. Common Shares Verrico, Howard Jarman 4, 5 2019-10-25 54 0.25 7,884,584 533,334 Sirona Biochem Corp. Common Shares Verrico, Howard Jarman 4, 5 2019-10-25 54 0.25 8,351,251 466,667 Sirona Biochem Corp. Warrants Verrico, Howard Jarman 4, 5 2019-10-25 54 0.25 966,666 -533,334 Sirona Biochem Corp. Warrants Verrico, Howard Jarman 4, 5 2019-10-25 54 0.25 499,999 -466,667 SITKA GOLD CORP. Common Shares Coe, Corwin 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.12 9,000 SITKA GOLD CORP. Common Shares Coe, Corwin 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.115 1,504,500 9,000 Sixty North Gold Mining Common Shares Kirk, Gavin 4 2019-10-25 00 300,000 Ltd. Sixty North Gold Mining Options Kirk, Gavin 4 2019-10-25 00 150,000 Ltd. Sixty North Gold Mining Options Webb, David Ralph 5 2019-10-07 00 Ltd. Sixty North Gold Mining Options Webb, David Ralph 5 2019-10-07 00 250,000 Ltd. Skarb Exploration Corp. Options Dykun, Roman 3, 5 2019-10-21 50 0.1 200,000 200,000 Skarb Exploration Corp. Options Hally, Ota 4, 5 2019-10-21 50 0.1 400,000 300,000 Skarb Exploration Corp. Options Jacuta, Marco 4 2019-01-29 00 Skarb Exploration Corp. Options Jacuta, Marco 4 2019-10-21 50 210,000 210,000 Skarb Exploration Corp. Options Parry, Craig Andrew 3, 4, 5 2019-01-29 00 Skarb Exploration Corp. Options Parry, Craig Andrew 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 50 0.1 480,000 480,000 Skyharbour Resources Common Shares Trimble, Jordan 4 2019-10-22 10 0.19 774,250 5,000 Ltd. Skyharbour Resources Common Shares Trimble, Jordan 4 2019-10-24 10 0.18 779,250 5,000 Ltd. SociÚtÚ d'exploration Common Shares Fedosiewich, Mark 5 2019-10-16 10 0.1 5,642,000 14,000 miniÞre Vior Inc. Brian

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8622

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings SociÚtÚ d'exploration Common Shares Fedosiewich, Mark 5 2019-10-16 10 0.105 5,648,000 6,000 miniÞre Vior Inc. Brian SociÚtÚ d'exploration Common Shares Fedosiewich, Mark 5 2019-10-17 10 0.095 5,668,000 20,000 miniÞre Vior Inc. Brian SociÚtÚ d'exploration Common Shares Fedosiewich, Mark 5 2019-10-22 10 0.11 5,671,000 3,000 miniÞre Vior Inc. Brian SociÚtÚ d'exploration Common Shares Fedosiewich, Mark 5 2019-10-23 10 0.1 5,672,500 1,500 miniÞre Vior Inc. Brian SociÚtÚ d'exploration Common Shares Fedosiewich, Mark 5 2019-10-23 10 0.105 5,675,500 3,000 miniÞre Vior Inc. Brian Solarvest BioEnergy Inc. Common Shares Greenham, Gerri 4 2019-10-22 10 0.14 8,317,000 5,000 Joseph

Spectra Inc. Options Malion, Andrew 4, 5 2003-05-09 00 900,000

Sphinx Resources Ltd. Warrants Biron, Franþois 4 2018-12-11 16 0.07 50,000 Sphinx Resources Ltd. Warrants Biron, Franþois 4 2018-12-11 16 0.07 150,000 50,000

Sphinx Resources Ltd. Warrants Biron, Franþois 4 2019-09-22 55 50,000 -100,000

Sphinx Resources Ltd. Common Shares Laforest, Jean 4 2019-08-29 00 Sphinx Resources Ltd. Common Shares Laforest, Jean 4 2019-10-23 10 0.03 70,000 70,000 Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares AYOUB, ANTON 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.1 2,233,958 3,000 Ltd. MICHEL Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares AYOUB, ANTON 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.1 2,235,458 1,500 Ltd. MICHEL Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares AYOUB, ANTON 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.1 2,236,458 1,000 Ltd. MICHEL Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares AYOUB, ANTON 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.1 2,237,958 1,500 Ltd. MICHEL Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares Lorenzo, John Michael 4 2019-10-18 10 0.091 9,757,900 25,000 Ltd. Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares Lorenzo, John Michael 4 2019-10-21 10 0.1 9,772,900 15,000 Ltd. Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares Lorenzo, John Michael 4 2019-10-22 10 0.1 9,782,900 10,000 Ltd. Spot Coffee (Canada) Common Shares Lorenzo, John Michael 4 2019-10-23 10 0.096 9,807,900 25,000 Ltd. Steppe Gold Ltd. Common Shares Waraich, Aneel Singh 4, 5 2019-10-16 10 1.05 569,305 1,500 Steppe Gold Ltd. Common Shares Waraich, Aneel Singh 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 1.03 570,305 1,000 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Braaten, Lyle 5 2019-06-17 00 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Braaten, Lyle 5 2019-10-21 50 0.25 240,000 240,000

Strategic Resources Inc. Options Hathaway, Peter Leofric 5 2019-06-17 00 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Hathaway, Peter Leofric 5 2019-10-21 50 0.25 240,000 240,000

Strategic Resources Inc. Options Hicks, Scott Victor 4, 5 2019-06-10 00 Andrew Strategic Resources Inc. Options Hicks, Scott Victor 4, 5 2019-10-21 50 220,000 220,000 Andrew Strategic Resources Inc. Options Mõki, Timo 4 2019-06-10 00 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Mõki, Timo 4 2019-10-21 50 0.25 200,000 200,000 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Moore, Michael Peter 4 2016-09-09 00 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Moore, Michael Peter 4 2019-10-21 50 0.25 240,000 240,000 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Rip, Martin Raymond 5 2019-06-17 00 Danziger Strategic Resources Inc. Options Rip, Martin Raymond 5 2019-10-21 50 0.25 180,000 180,000 Danziger Strategic Resources Inc. Options Serdan, Mark 4 2019-06-10 00 Strategic Resources Inc. Options Serdan, Mark 4 2019-10-21 50 200,000 200,000 Street Capital Group Inc. Common Shares RFA Capital Holdings 3 2019-10-18 00 Inc. Street Capital Group Inc. Common Shares RFA Capital Holdings 3 2019-10-18 22 122,184,182 122,184,182 Inc. Stuart Olson Inc. Convertible Danard, Chad 4 2019-10-23 38 $0 -$150,000 Debentures A (Sept 2014) Stuart Olson Inc. Convertible Decore, Joette 5 2019-10-23 38 $0 -$10,000 Debentures A (Sept 2014)

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8623

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Stuart Olson Inc. Convertible LeMay, David 5 2019-10-23 38 $0 -$125,000 Debentures A (Sept 2014)

Stuart Olson Inc. Convertible Loberg, Carmen 4 2019-10-23 38 $0 -$25,000 Debentures A (Sept Richard 2014) Summit Industrial Trust Units Morassutti, Lawrence 4 2019-10-15 30 12.62 108,485 383 Income REIT Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units BAGLIONE, Joe 5 2019-10-16 56 2.43 2,410 62 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Boivin, Nicole Laura 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 10,676 278 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Boivin, Nicole Laura 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 13,482 2,806 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Emerson, Steward J. 5 2019-10-16 56 2.43 61,394 1,600 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Gauer, Edward 5 2019-10-16 56 2.43 6,734 175 Alexander Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Kobrynsky, Georges 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 24,452 637 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Kobrynsky, Georges 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 26,135 1,683 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Paradis, Dany 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 23,415 610 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Paradis, Dany 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 26,221 2,806 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Prenevost, Guy 5 2019-10-16 56 2.43 7,517 196 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Richardson, Steven P. 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 10,676 278 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Richardson, Steven P. 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 13,482 2,806 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Sullivan, Andrew I. 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 18,972 494 (Drew) Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units Sullivan, Andrew I. 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 21,778 2,806 (Drew) Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units White, Warren Joseph 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 20,376 531 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units White, Warren Joseph 4 2019-10-16 56 2.43 21,779 1,403 Supremex Inc. Deferred Share Units YEZZA, Islem 5 2019-10-16 56 2.43 4,668 121 Tanzanian Gold Common Shares Sinclair, James E. 4, 5 2019-10-10 10 1.07 2,007,570 -6,000 Corporation Tanzanian Gold Common Shares Sinclair, James E. 4, 5 2019-10-11 10 1.07 2,003,370 -4,200 Corporation Target Capital Inc. Common Shares Mottahed, Shahin 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.02 5,235,000 1,035,000 (Sonny) Target Capital Inc. Common Shares Mottahed, Shahin 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.02 5,697,000 462,000 (Sonny) Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-18 10 0.045 1,929,000 25,000 Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.04 1,944,000 15,000 Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.045 1,949,000 5,000 Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.04 1,973,000 24,000 Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.045 1,975,000 2,000 Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.04 1,980,000 5,000 Tartisan Nickel Corp. Common Shares Appleby, D. Mark 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.045 2,172,000 192,000 Tempus Capital Inc. Common Shares Tanz, Russell 5 2019-10-23 10 0.06 5,690,503 2,000 Tempus Capital Inc. Common Shares Tanz, Russell 5 2019-10-23 10 0.065 5,758,503 68,000 Tempus Capital Inc. Common Shares Tanz, Russell 5 2019-10-23 10 0.075 5,759,503 1,000 Tempus Capital Inc. Common Shares Tanz, Russell 5 2019-10-23 10 0.09 5,760,003 500 The Keg Royalties Trust Units Cara Operations Limited 3 2019-10-21 10 15.99 18,500 6,800 Income Fund The Keg Royalties Trust Units Cara Operations Limited 3 2019-10-22 10 15.99 250,000 231,500 Income Fund The Western Investment Common Shares Tannas, Scott 4, 7, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.35 891,808 5,000 Company of Canada Limited Theratechnologies Inc. UnitÚs d'actions Frame, Sheila 4 2019-10-21 56 4.732 4,229 1,585 diffÚrÚes (DSU) Tidewater Midstream Common Shares Fraser, Douglas Scott 4 2019-10-23 57 0.96 297,633 11,666 and Infrastructure Ltd. Tidewater Midstream Restricted Share Fraser, Douglas Scott 4 2019-10-23 57 0.96 46,414 -11,666 and Infrastructure Ltd. Units Tidewater Midstream Common Shares Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 478,003 143,000 and Infrastructure Ltd.

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8624

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Tidewater Midstream Common Shares Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 567,624 89,621 and Infrastructure Ltd. Tidewater Midstream Common Shares Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 598,984 31,360 and Infrastructure Ltd. Tidewater Midstream Common Shares Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 603,250 4,266 and Infrastructure Ltd. Tidewater Midstream Restricted Share Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 755,674 -275,000 and Infrastructure Ltd. Units Tidewater Midstream Restricted Share Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 583,320 -172,354 and Infrastructure Ltd. Units Tidewater Midstream Restricted Share Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 523,009 -60,311 and Infrastructure Ltd. Units Tidewater Midstream Restricted Share Williams, Jarvis 5 2019-10-21 57 0.99 514,802 -8,207 and Infrastructure Ltd. Units

Torex Gold Resources Common Shares Gilligan, Jonathan 5 2019-10-07 00 Inc.

Torex Gold Resources Rights Performance Gilligan, Jonathan 5 2019-10-07 00 Inc. Share Units under Employee Share Unit Plan Torex Gold Resources Rights Restricted Gilligan, Jonathan 5 2019-10-07 00 Inc. Share Units under Employee Share Unit Plan Torrent Capital Ltd. Common Shares Dawe, Wade K. 5 2019-10-22 10 0.35 2,956,000 1,000 Torrent Capital Ltd. Common Shares Dawe, Wade K. 5 2019-10-24 10 0.35 2,965,000 9,000 Torrent Capital Ltd. Common Shares Dawe, Wade K. 5 2019-10-25 10 0.35 2,994,000 29,000 Torstar Corporation Rights Restricted Oliver, Ian Alan 7 2019-08-26 56 8,607 Share Units Torstar Corporation Rights Restricted Oliver, Ian Alan 7 2019-09-30 56 8,607 Share Units Torstar Corporation Rights Restricted Oliver, Ian Alan 7 2019-09-30 56 304,739 8,607 Share Units Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Rose, Mike 5 2019-10-21 10 11.762 10,536,830 2,500 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Rose, Mike 5 2019-10-21 10 11.809 10,539,330 2,500 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Rose, Mike 5 2019-10-22 10 11.742 10,541,830 2,500 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Rose, Mike 5 2019-10-23 10 11.55 10,544,330 2,500 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Rose, Mike 5 2019-10-24 10 11.45 10,546,830 2,500 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Tourmaline Oil Corp. 1 2019-10-18 38 11.547 185,000 150,000 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Tourmaline Oil Corp. 1 2019-10-21 38 11.71 335,000 150,000 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Tourmaline Oil Corp. 1 2019-10-23 38 11.55 370,000 35,000 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Tourmaline Oil Corp. 1 2019-10-24 38 11.571 420,000 50,000 Tourmaline Oil Corp. Common Shares Tourmaline Oil Corp. 1 2019-10-25 38 11.507 470,000 50,000 Trevali Mining Common Shares Trevali Mining 1 2019-10-18 38 0.2033 1,153,500 297,500 Corporation Corporation Trevali Mining Common Shares Trevali Mining 1 2019-10-21 38 0.1995 1,459,000 305,500 Corporation Corporation Trevali Mining Common Shares Trevali Mining 1 2019-10-22 38 0.1966 1,769,000 310,000 Corporation Corporation Trevali Mining Common Shares Trevali Mining 1 2019-10-23 38 0.2025 2,068,000 299,000 Corporation Corporation Trevali Mining Common Shares Trevali Mining 1 2019-10-24 38 0.2103 2,356,000 288,000 Corporation Corporation Trevali Mining Common Shares Trevali Mining 1 2019-10-25 38 0.2121 2,643,500 287,500 Corporation Corporation Tricon Capital Group Inc. Restricted Common Berman, Gary 4, 5 2019-10-15 30 209,233 1,395 Shares Tricon Capital Group Inc. Restricted Common Francis, Wissam 5 2019-10-15 30 33,037 220 Shares Trigon Metals Inc. Options Lopez, Damian 5 2016-11-18 37 15,000 -135,000 Trigon Metals Inc. Options Lopez, Damian 5 2019-10-21 50 0.18 215,000 150,000 Trigon Metals Inc. Options Richardson, Jeddiah 4, 5 2019-10-21 50 0.18 600,000 500,000 Kurt Richardson Trigon Metals Inc. Options SHAW, DAVID 4 2019-10-21 00 350,000 ANDREW

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8625

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Trigon Metals Inc. Common Shares Silvercorp Metals Inc. 3 2019-10-18 10 0.18 7,213,500 -30,000 Trigon Metals Inc. Common Shares Silvercorp Metals Inc. 3 2019-10-21 10 0.18 7,198,500 -15,000 Trigon Metals Inc. Common Shares Silvercorp Metals Inc. 3 2019-10-22 10 0.18 7,188,500 -10,000

Trigon Metals Inc. Options Sprott, Larisa 4 2018-09-27 00 Trigon Metals Inc. Options Sprott, Larisa 4 2019-10-21 50 0.18 350,000 350,000 Trigon Metals Inc. Options Theron, Stephanus 4, 5 2019-10-21 50 0.18 600,000 200,000 Trigon Metals Inc. Options Woodhead, Stephen 5 2019-10-21 50 0.18 100,000 50,000 Trilogy Metals Inc. Common Shares Gowans, James 4 2019-10-22 10 2.41 49,200 3,000 (formerly NovaCopper Kitchener Inc.) Trilogy Metals Inc. Common Shares Gowans, James 4 2019-10-23 10 2.34 50,000 800 (formerly NovaCopper Kitchener Inc.) Trilogy Metals Inc. Options Gowans, James 4 2019-10-21 50 2.42 587,500 550,000 (formerly NovaCopper Kitchener Inc.)

TriMetals Mining Inc. Common Shares Daspersgruber, Horst 4, 6 2019-10-07 00 1,600,000 TriMetals Mining Inc. Non-Voting Shares Daspersgruber, Horst 4, 6 2019-10-07 00 300,000 Class B Triumph Gold Corp. Common Shares Palisade Global 3 2019-10-08 10 0.4 14,953,833 -6,000 Investments Ltd. Triumph Gold Corp. Common Shares Palisade Global 3 2019-10-22 10 0.38 14,959,833 6,000 Investments Ltd. Turquoise Hill Resources TRQ Deferred Share Robertson, Russel Clark 4 2019-10-16 56 0.65 57,690 Ltd. Unit Turquoise Hill Resources TRQ Deferred Share Robertson, Russel Clark 4 2019-10-16 56 0.65 57,690 Ltd. Unit Turquoise Hill Resources TRQ Deferred Share Robertson, Russel Clark 4 2019-10-16 56 0.65 442,038 57,690 Ltd. Unit Uniserve Common Shares Scholz, Michael Curt 4 2019-10-24 10 0.1 994,747 5,500 Communications Corporation United Corporations Common Shares E-L Financial 3 2019-10-21 10 94 6,369,659 100 Limited Corporation Limited Upco International Inc. Common Shares EMBR Capital, LLC 3 2019-10-17 00 1,363,636 Upco International Inc. Common Shares EMBR Capital, LLC 3 2019-10-17 11 0.1 5,863,636 4,500,000 Upco International Inc. Warrants EMBR Capital, LLC 3 2019-10-17 00 Upco International Inc. Warrants EMBR Capital, LLC 3 2019-10-17 11 0.1 2,250,000 2,250,000 Ur-Energy Inc. Options Bonner, James A. 5 2019-09-30 38 0.91 454,686 -49,764 Ur-Energy Inc. Options Bonner, James A. 5 2019-09-30 38 0.9 377,809 -76,877 Ur-Energy Inc. Options Bonner, James A. 5 2019-09-30 38 0.93 342,156 -35,653 UrbanGold Minerals Inc. Common Shares Eskelund-Hansen, Jens 4 2019-10-22 10 0.13 1,937,000 15,000 Valens Groworks Corp. Options Howard, Daniel 5 2019-10-07 00 (formerly Genovation Capital Corp.) Valens Groworks Corp. Options Howard, Daniel 5 2019-10-15 50 2.79 150,000 150,000 (formerly Genovation Capital Corp.) Valens Groworks Corp. Options Kunynetz, Paul Adrian 5 2019-08-19 00 50,000 (formerly Genovation Capital Corp.) Valens Groworks Corp. Options Perruzza, David 5 2019-10-21 00 150,000 (formerly Genovation Capital Corp.) VALEO PHARMA INC. Common Shares Mainville, Luc 5 2018-12-27 00 Class A VALEO PHARMA INC. Common Shares Mainville, Luc 5 2019-10-22 10 0.2 100,000 Class A VALEO PHARMA INC. Common Shares Mainville, Luc 5 2019-10-22 10 0.25 100,000 100,000 Class A Valterra Resource Common Shares McGrath, Brian Timothy 4 2019-09-18 11 0.025 134,411 40,000 Corporation Valterra Resource Warrants McGrath, Brian Timothy 4 2019-09-18 11 0.05 106,667 40,000 Corporation

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8626

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings

Vapen MJ Ventures Subordinate Voting Eaton, David 4 2019-10-18 11 300,000 -100,000 Corporation Shares Vecima Networks Inc. Common Shares Hanna, John Gordon 5 2019-10-22 51 8.62 7,847 4,000 Vecima Networks Inc. Common Shares Hanna, John Gordon 5 2019-10-22 10 9.5 3,847 -4,000 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Armstrong, William Paul 6 2019-10-16 00 18,600,000 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Armstrong, William Paul 6 2019-10-16 97 0.48 19,095,516 495,516 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Convertible Armstrong, William Paul 6 2019-10-16 00 $5,094,000 Debentures

Velocity Minerals Ltd. Warrants Armstrong, William Paul 6 2019-10-16 00 9,300,000

Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Atkinson, Robert 6 2019-10-16 00 18,600,000 George Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Atkinson, Robert 6 2019-10-16 97 0.48 19,095,516 495,516 George

Velocity Minerals Ltd. Convertible Atkinson, Robert 6 2019-10-16 00 $5,094,000 Debentures George

Velocity Minerals Ltd. Warrants Atkinson, Robert 6 2019-10-16 00 9,300,000 George Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Batalha, Christopher 6 2019-10-16 00 18,600,000 Ross Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Batalha, Christopher 6 2019-10-16 97 0.48 19,095,516 495,516 Ross Velocity Minerals Ltd. Convertible Batalha, Christopher 6 2019-10-16 00 $5,094,000 Debentures Ross Velocity Minerals Ltd. Warrants Batalha, Christopher 6 2019-10-16 00 9,300,000 Ross Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Black, W. David 6 2019-10-16 00 18,600,000 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Black, W. David 6 2019-10-16 97 0.48 19,095,516 495,516 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Convertible Black, W. David 6 2019-10-16 00 $5,094,000 Debentures Velocity Minerals Ltd. Warrants Black, W. David 6 2019-10-16 00 9,300,000 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Dean, Steven 6 2019-10-16 00 18,600,000 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Dean, Steven 6 2019-10-16 97 0.48 19,095,516 495,516 Velocity Minerals Ltd. Convertible Dean, Steven 6 2019-10-16 00 $5,094,000 Debentures Velocity Minerals Ltd. Warrants Dean, Steven 6 2019-10-16 00 9,300,000 Vermilion Energy Inc. Common Shares Knickel, Carin Shirley 4 2019-10-23 30 20.368 8,347 -3,840 Victory Nickel Inc. Common Shares Galipeau, RenÚ RÚal 4 2019-10-23 10 0.025 629,525 -216,000 VIQ Solutions Inc. Common Shares Taylor, Larry Douglas 4 2019-10-22 10 0.105 7,077,187 41,000 VIQ Solutions Inc. Common Shares Taylor, Larry Douglas 4 2019-10-22 10 0.11 7,082,187 5,000 ViveRE Communities Common Shares Nicoll, James David 5 2019-10-23 10 0.18 1,557,332 2,000 Inc. VIVO Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Laflamme, Daniel 3, 4, 5 2019-10-21 10 0.29 37,058,539 -20,000 VIVO Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Laflamme, Daniel 3, 4, 5 2019-10-22 10 0.3 37,038,539 -20,000 VIVO Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Laflamme, Daniel 3, 4, 5 2019-10-23 10 0.32 37,018,539 -20,000 VIVO Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Laflamme, Daniel 3, 4, 5 2019-10-24 10 0.29 36,998,539 -20,000 VIVO Cannabis Inc. Common Shares Laflamme, Daniel 3, 4, 5 2019-10-25 10 0.3045 36,978,539 -20,000 Volatus Capital Corp. Common Shares Collins, John Michael 4, 5 2019-10-23 00 100,000 William Voleo Trading Systems Common Shares Wilson, Glen Patrick 4 2019-10-18 10 0.065 3,036,183 10,000 Inc. Voleo Trading Systems Common Shares Wilson, Glen Patrick 4 2019-10-18 10 0.07 3,038,683 2,500 Inc. Wescan Goldfields Inc. Common Shares MacNeill, Tom 6 2019-10-24 10 0.035 6,171,779 1,000 Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-06-28 00 Corp. Christiaan Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-10-04 10 0.26 6,500 6,500 Corp. Christiaan Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-10-09 10 0.26 350,000 Corp. Christiaan Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-10-09 10 0.26 41,500 35,000 Corp. Christiaan Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-10-10 10 0.26 68,500 27,000 Corp. Christiaan

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8627

Insider Reporting

Issuer Name Security Insider Name Rel'n Transaction T/O Unit Date/Month Acquired/ Date Price End Disposed Holdings Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-10-11 10 0.26 221,500 153,000 Corp. Christiaan Western Resources Common Shares Venter, Frederick 4, 5 2019-10-14 10 0.26 227,000 5,500 Corp. Christiaan White Gold Corp. Common Shares Ryan, Shawn 4 2019-10-25 54 0.27 8,100,000 500,000 White Gold Corp. Warrants non flow- Ryan, Shawn 4 2019-10-25 54 0 -500,000 through Willow Biosciences Inc. Common Shares Doupe, Travis 5 2019-10-18 10 0.63 273,408 15,000 Willow Biosciences Inc. Common Shares Lalani, Sadiq 4 2019-10-22 10 0.65 403,000 63,000 Willow Biosciences Inc. Common Shares Lalani, Sadiq 4 2019-10-25 10 0.7485 450,000 47,000 Ximen Mining Corp. Common Shares Warthe-Anderson, 4 2019-10-21 10 0.36 491,000 -10,000 Wesley Yorbeau Resources Inc. Common Shares Talbot, Pierre ╔loi 4 2019-10-16 10 0.025 700,000 200,000 Class A Zenabis Global Inc. Common Shares Grieve, Andrew William 5 2019-08-21 97 1.5464 162,819 127,276 (formerly Bevo Agro Inc.)

Zephyr Minerals Ltd. Common Shares Oakrun Precious Metals 3 2019-03-29 00 11,375,000 Fund, Ltd. - in Official Liquidation Zephyr Minerals Ltd. Warrants August 2017 Oakrun Precious Metals 3 2019-03-29 00 180,358 Fund, Ltd. - in Official Liquidation Zephyr Minerals Ltd. Warrants August 2017 Oakrun Precious Metals 3 2019-08-01 55 0 -180,358 Fund, Ltd. - in Official Liquidation Zephyr Minerals Ltd. Warrants May 2017 Oakrun Precious Metals 3 2019-03-29 00 454,071 Fund, Ltd. - in Official Liquidation Zephyr Minerals Ltd. Warrants May 2017 Oakrun Precious Metals 3 2019-05-29 55 0 -454,071 Fund, Ltd. - in Official Liquidation Zymeworks Inc. Common Shares O'Driscoll, Kathryn 5 2019-10-14 00 Zymeworks Inc. Options O'Driscoll, Kathryn 5 2019-10-14 00

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8628

Chapter 11

IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings

INVESTMENT FUNDS

Issuer Name: Issuer Name: Financial 15 Split Corp. London Life Pathways Canadian Concentrated Equity Fund Principal Regulator - Ontario London Life Pathways Canadian Equity Fund Type and Date: London Life Pathways Core Bond Fund Final Shelf Prospectus (NI 44-102) dated October 22, 2019 London Life Pathways Core Plus Bond Fund NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 23, 2019 London Life Pathways Emerging Markets Equity Fund Offering Price and Description: London Life Pathways Emerging Markets Large Cap Equity Offering: $300,000,000 Preferred Shares and Class A Fund Shares London Life Pathways Global Core Plus Bond Fund Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): London Life Pathways Global Multi Sector Bond Fund N/A London Life Pathways Global Tactical Fund Promoter(s): London Life Pathways International Concentrated Equity N/A Fund Project #2975922 London Life Pathways International Equity Fund London Life Pathways Money Market Fund ______London Life Pathways U.S. Concentrated Equity Fund Issuer Name: London Life Pathways U.S. Equity Fund First Trust AlphaDEX Emerging Market Dividend ETF Principal Regulator – Ontario (CAD-Hedged) Type and Date: Principal Regulator - Ontario Combined Preliminary and Pro Forma Simplified Type and Date: Prospectus dated Oct 21, 2019 Amendment #3 to Final Long Form Prospectus dated NP 11-202 Final Receipt dated Oct 24, 2019 October 21, 2019 Offering Price and Description: NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 24, 2019 Quadrus series securities, QFW series securities, HW Offering Price and Description: series securities, L series securities, I series securities, N - series securities, H series securities and QF series Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): securities FT Portfolios Canada Co. Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Promoter(s): N/A N/A Promoter(s): Project #2889290 N/A Project #2962006 ______Issuer Name: ______IA Clarington Loomis Global Equity Opportunities Fund Issuer Name: Principal Regulator – Quebec CI First Asset High Interest Savings ETF Type and Date: Principal Regulator - Ontario Preliminary Simplified Prospectus dated Oct 24, 2019 Type and Date: NP 11-202 Final Receipt dated Oct 25, 2019 Amendment #1 to Long Form Prospectus dated October Offering Price and Description: 17, 2019 Series A units, Series I units, Series F units and Series E NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 24, 2019 units Offering Price and Description: Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): N/A N/A Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Promoter(s): N/A N/A Promoter(s): Project #2966972 N/A Project #2905138 ______

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8629

IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings

Issuer Name: Fiera Canadian Bond Fund (formerly Natixis Canadian Bond Fund) Fiera Intrinsic Balanced Registered Fund (formerly Natixis Intrinsic Balanced Registered Fund) Fiera Canadian Dividend Registered Fund (formerly Natixis Canadian Dividend Registered Fund) Fiera U.S. Dividend Registered Fund (formerly Natixis U.S. Dividend Plus Registered Fund) Fiera Canadian Preferred Share Registered Fund (formerly Natixis Canadian Preferred Share Registered Fund) Fiera Canadian Bond Class (formerly Natixis Canadian Bond Class) Fiera Intrinsic Balanced Class (formerly Natixis Intrinsic Balanced Class) Fiera Canadian Dividend Class (formerly Natixis Canadian Dividend Class) Fiera U.S. Dividend Class (formerly Natixis U.S. Dividend Plus Class) Fiera Canadian Preferred Share Class (formerly Natixis Canadian Preferred Share Class) Principal Regulator – Ontario Type and Date: Amendment #1 to Final Simplified Prospectus dated October 18, 2019 NP 11-202 Final Receipt dated Oct 22, 2019 Offering Price and Description: Return of Capital (Series A, Series F and Series I, Compound Growth (Series A, Series F and Series I), Series A units Series I units, Series F units (Hedged), Return of Capital (Series A, Series F and Series I), Series F units, Ordinary Class - Series I units, Return of Capital (Series A, Series F and Series I, Series A units (Hedged) and Dividend (Series A, Series F and Series I) Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): N/A Promoter(s): N/A Project #2913136

______

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8630

IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings

NON-INVESTMENT FUNDS

Issuer Name: Issuer Name: Algernon Pharmaceuticals Inc. Exchange Income Corporation Principal Regulator - British Columbia Principal Regulator - Manitoba Type and Date: Type and Date: Amendment dated October 22, 2019 to Final Short Form Final Short Form Prospectus dated October 22, 2019 Prospectus dated September 30, 2019 NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 22, 2019 Received on October 23, 2019 Offering Price and Description: Offering Price and Description: $70,029,000.00 - 1,860,000 Common Shares Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Mackie Research Capital Corporation CIBC WORLD MARKETS INC. Promoter(s): NATIONAL BANK FINANCIAL INC. - LAURENTIAN BANK SECURITIES INC. Project #2937735 RAYMOND JAMES LTD. RBC DOMINION SECURITIES INC. ______SCOTIA CAPITAL INC. Issuer Name: TD SECURITIES INC. Blue Rhino Capital Corp. BMO NESBITT BURNS INC. Principal Regulator - British Columbia CANACCORD GENUITY CORP. Type and Date: INDUSTRIAL ALLIANCE SECURITIES INC. Preliminary CPC Prospectus dated October 21, 2019 WELLINGTON-ALTUS PRIVATE WEALTH INC. NP 11-202 Preliminary Receipt dated October 22, 2019 Promoter(s): Offering Price and Description: - $200,000.00 Project #2973879 2,000,000 Common Shares Price: $0.10 per Common Share Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): ______Haywood Securities Inc. Issuer Name: Promoter(s): Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited Anton Drescher Principal Regulator - Ontario Project #2977031 Type and Date: Final Shelf Prospectus dated October 22, 2019 ______NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 22, 2019 Issuer Name: Offering Price and Description: Chesswood Group Limited Cdn$8,000,000,000.00 - Subordinate Voting Shares Principal Regulator - Ontario Preferred Shares Debt Securities Subscription Receipts Type and Date: Warrants Units Final Shelf Prospectus dated October 24, 2019 Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 25, 2019 - Offering Price and Description: Promoter(s): $500,000,000.00 - Debt Securities (unsecured), Common - Shares, Warrants, Subscription Receipts, Units Project #2974690 Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): - ______Promoter(s): - Project #2967035

______

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8631

IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings

Issuer Name: Issuer Name: Flower One Holdings Inc. (formerly Theia Resources Ltd.) H2O INNOVATION INC. Principal Regulator - Ontario Principal Regulator - Quebec Type and Date: Type and Date: Final Shelf Prospectus dated October 22, 2019 Preliminary Short Form Prospectus (NI 44-101) dated NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 22, 2019 October 28, 2019 Offering Price and Description: NP 11-202 Preliminary Receipt dated October 28, 2019 US$250,000,000.00 Offering Price and Description: Common Shares At least $14,000,000.00 Warrants Subscription Receipts each representing the right to Options receive one Unit Subscription Receipts Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Debt Securities Desjardins Securities Inc. Units Canaccord Genuity Corp. Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Promoter(s): - - Promoter(s): Project #2978517 - Project #2971051 ______Issuer Name: ______Lamaska Capital Corp. Issuer Name: Principal Regulator - British Columbia GFL Environmental Inc. Type and Date: Principal Regulator - Ontario Preliminary CPC Prospectus dated October 21, 2019 Type and Date: NP 11-202 Preliminary Receipt dated October 22, 2019 Amendment dated October 23, 2019 to Preliminary Long Offering Price and Description: Form Prospectus dated July 19, 2019 $200,000.00 - 2,000,000 Common Shares NP 11-202 Preliminary Receipt dated October 23, 2019 Price: $0.10 per Common Share Offering Price and Description: Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): US$ * - 87,572,500 Subordinate Voting Shares Haywood Securities Inc. Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Promoter(s): J.P. Morgan Securities Canada Inc. Anton Drescher BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. Project #2977033 Goldman Sachs Canada Inc. RBC Dominion Securities Inc. ______Scotia Capital Inc. Issuer Name: Barclays Capital Canada Inc. Melcor Real Estate Investment Trust Raymond James Ltd. Principal Regulator - Alberta TD Securities Inc. Type and Date: Merrill Lynch Canada Inc. Final Short Form Prospectus (NI 44-101) dated October 22, CIBC World Markets Inc. 2019 HSBC Securities (Canada) Inc. NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 22, 2019 Macquarie Capital Markets Canada Ltd. Offering Price and Description: National Bank Financial Inc. $40,000,000.00 Promoter(s): 5.1% Convertible Unsecured Subordinated Debentures - Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): Project #2941753 CIBC WORLD MARKETS INC. RBC DOMINION SECURITIES INC. ______BMO NESBITT BURNS INC. DESJARDINS SECURITIES INC. NATIONAL BANK FINANCIAL INC. SCOTIA CAPITAL INC. TD SECURITIES INC. CANACCORD GENUITY CORP. Promoter(s): - Project #2974458

______

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8632

IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings

Issuer Name: Issuer Name: Uranium Royalty Corp. XTM Inc. Principal Regulator - British Columbia Principal Regulator - Ontario Type and Date: Type and Date: Preliminary Long Form Prospectus dated October 25, 2019 Preliminary Long Form Prospectus dated October 22, 2019 NP 11-202 Preliminary Receipt dated October 25, 2019 NP 11-202 Preliminary Receipt dated October 24, 2019 Offering Price and Description: Offering Price and Description: 13,340,000 Units 81,595,000 Common Shares $20,010,000.00 1,800,000 Common Shares to be distributed without 1,733,334 Special Warrant Units on the automatic exercise additional payment upon the automatic conversion of of the 1,733,334 Qualifying Special Warrants Subscription Receipts Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): 1,800,000 Common Shares on exercise of 1,800,000 HAYWOOD SECURITIES INC. Warrants to be distributed without additional payment upon BMO NESBITT BURNS INC. the automatic conversion of Subscription Receipts TD SECURITIES INC. 20,660,000 Common Shares on exercise of 20,660,000 SPROTT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP Warrants CANACCORD GENUITY CORP. 3,461,000 Common Shares on exercise of 3,461,000 Promoter(s): Broker Warrants - 5,905,000 Common Shares on exercise of 5,905,000 Project #2978195 Options Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): ______- Issuer Name: Promoter(s): WPT Industrial Real Estate Investment Trust - Principal Regulator - Ontario Project #2977455 Type and Date: Final Short Form Prospectus dated October 22, 2019 ______NP 11-202 Receipt dated October 22, 2019 Offering Price and Description: US$85,008,000.00 6,160,000 Units Price: US$13.80 per Unit Underwriter(s) or Distributor(s): DESJARDINS SECURITIES INC. RBC DOMINION SECURITIES INC. BMO NESBITT BURNS INC. CIBCWORLD MARKETS INC. NATIONAL BANK FINANCIAL INC. SCOTIA CAPITAL INC. TD SECURITIES INC. CANACCORD GENUITY CORP. INDUSTRIAL ALLIANCE SECURITIES INC. Promoter(s): - Project #2974044

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8633

IPOs, New Issues and Secondary Financings

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8634

Chapter 12

Registrations

12.1.1 Registrants

Type Company Category of Registration Effective Date

Voluntary Surrender Sarbit Advisory Services Inc. Portfolio Manager October 25, 2019 Consent to Suspension Equium Capital Management Portfolio Manager and October 22, 2019 (Pending Surrender) Inc. Exempt Market Dealer

From: Investment Fund Manager, Portfolio Manager and Exempt Market Dealer Change in Registration Ninepoint Partners LP October 24, 2019 Category To: Investment Fund Manager, Portfolio Manager, Exempt Market Dealer and Commodity Trading Manager

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8635

Registrations

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8636

Index

BetterU Education Corp. Harbour Voyageur Corporate Class Cease Trading Order ...... 8589 Decision ...... 8526

Boliden AB Hutchinson, Donna Order ...... 8536 Notice from the Office of the Secretary ...... 8509 Order – s. 127(1) ...... 8535 Cambridge Canadian Growth Companies Fund Reasons and Decision – s. 127(1) ...... 8543 Decision ...... 8526 Lawrence Park Strategic Income Fund CannTrust Holdings Inc. Decision ...... 8526 Cease Trading Order ...... 8589 Marret High Yield Bond Fund Caruso, Patrick Jelf Decision ...... 8526 Notice from the Office of the Secretary ...... 8509 Order – s. 127(1) ...... 8535 Ninepoint Partners LP Reasons and Decision – s. 127(1) ...... 8543 Change in Registration Category ...... 8635

CI American Equity Fund Performance Sports Group Ltd. Decision ...... 8526 Cease Trading Order ...... 8589

CI Can-Am Small Cap Corporate Class RBC Global Asset Management Inc. Decision ...... 8526 Decision ...... 8522

CI Global Small Companies Corporate Class Sarbit Advisory Services Inc. Decision ...... 8526 Voluntary Surrender ...... 8635

CI Global Small Companies Fund Sentry Alternative Asset Income Fund Decision ...... 8526 Decision ...... 8526

CI Investments Inc. Sentry Canadian Bond Fund Decision ...... 8526 Decision ...... 8526

Cornish, Cameron Edward Sentry Conservative Monthly Income Fund Notice from the Office of the Secretary ...... 8509 Decision ...... 8526 Order – s. 127(1) ...... 8535 Reasons and Decision – s. 127(1) ...... 8543 Sentry Diversified Equity Fund Decision ...... 8526 Endocan Solutions Inc. Order – s. 144 ...... 8540 Sentry Energy Fund Decision ...... 8526 Equium Capital Management Inc. Consent to Suspension (Pending Surrender)...... 8635 Sentry Global Tactical Fixed Income Private Pool Decision ...... 8526 Harbour Canadian Dividend Fund Decision ...... 8526 Sidders, David Paul George Notice from the Office of the Secretary ...... 8509 Harbour Corporate Class Order – s. 127(1) ...... 8535 Decision ...... 8526 Reasons and Decision – s. 127(1) ...... 8543

Harbour Global Equity Corporate Class Signature Gold Corporate Class Decision ...... 8526 Decision ...... 8526

Harbour Global Equity Fund TokenGX Inc. Decision ...... 8526 Decision ...... 8511

Harbour Global Growth & Income Corporate Class Decision ...... 8526

October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8637

Index

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October 31, 2019 (2019), 42 OSCB 8638