Visit us - www.researchjournal.co.in DOI : 10.15740/HAS/IRJAES/10.1/31-33 International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics Volume 10 | Issue 1 | March, 2019 | 31-33 ISSN-2229-7278

Research Paper Economic analysis of cumin seed in district

N. V. Thummar, N.M. Thaker and Jagruti D. Bhatt

See end of the paper for ABSTRACT : The study on economic analysis of cumin seeds in was undertaken authors’ affiliations to measure the objectives of examining the socio-economic characteristics of cumin growers, cost and Correspondence to : return of cumin production, growth performance and acreage response of cumin crop, satisfaction N. M. Thaker level of farmers and dealers and constraint face by farmers and dealers regarding GASCO seeds. The P.G. Institute of Agri- Business Management, study was carried out in four taluka of Junagadh district. Multistage sampling technique was used. Junagadh Agricultural Total 20 dealers of GASCO and 100 farmers using cumin seed of GASCO were selected for the study. University, Junagadh Net farm income model was used for cost and return of cumin production. The semi-log equation and () Nerlovian lagged model was used to estimate growth performance and acreage response of cumin Email : niravthummar14@ gmail.com crop. The result revealed that total cost of cultivation for cumin per hectare was 11.19 per cent. Per hectare cost of cultivation of cumin was worked out to Rs.37554.42. The result of compound growth rate revealed that area, production and yield of cumin was increasing continuously from 1997-98 to 2017-18. In case of acreage response of cotton crop, the lagged area and lagged yield risk played significant role in area of cumin. The rainfall was negatively significant. Thus, means due to high rainfall decreased cumin area by sowing other Rabi crops. KEY WORDS : Socio-economic characteristics, Cost of cultivation, Growth performance, Acreage response

Paper History : HOW TO CITE THIS PAPER : Thummar, N.V., Thaker, N. M. and Bhatt, Jagruti D. (2019). Economic analysis Received : 27.08.2018; Revised : 21.01.2019; of cumin seed in Junagadh district. Internat. Res. J. Agric. Eco. & Stat., 10 (1) : 31-33, DOI : 10.15740/HAS/ Accepted : 01.02.2019 IRJAES/10.1/31-33. Copyright@ 2019: Hind Agri-Horticultural Society.

commercially significant agriculture crops in the world. INTRODUCTION : Today, India is the largest producer, consumer and Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy. exporter of spices. Indian spices are the most sought- Over 58 per cent of the rural households depend on after globally, given their exquisite aroma, texture, taste agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. and medicinal value. Traditionally, spices in India have Agriculture, along with fisheries and forestry, is one of been grown in small land holdings, with organic farming the largest contributors to the gross domestic product gaining prominence in recent times. Spices may be dried (GDP). Spices entered in to human history around 5000 fruits, roots, seeds or barks of vegetable substance years before Christ and spice trade has a legacy of 5000 primarily used to flavour, colour or preserve food. years. Spices are one of the economically and Spices and herbs are dried parts of various plants

HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE N. V. Thummar, N.M. Thaker and Jagruti D. Bhatt

cultivated for their aromatic pungent or otherwise agriculture, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar. desirable substances, the dominant spices of trade To study the socio-economic profile of farmers in including cardamom, chilli, cinnamon, cloves, ginger and Junagadh district, tabular method, percentage analysis, pepper. In India, different states are known as different and graphical methods were used. spices. They are produced in all the states and union A cost of cultivation was calculated to find out the territories. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana is known for profitability of farmers as well as the cost and return of ginger, turmeric, chilli and mustard, Gujarat for cumin, cumin. dill seeds, fenugreek, fennel, chilli and garlic. Himachal To analyzed growth performance and acreage Pradesh fir ginger, Haryana is known for garlic, response of cumin crop, Nerlovian adjustment lag model Karnataka for pepper, ginger, cardamom (small), ginger, were used. chilli, turmeric and garlic, Orissa for ginger, chilli, turmeric and garlic. Kerala is known for pepper, ginger, chilli, turmeric, nutmeg and clove. RESULTSAND DATA ANALYSIS : The majority of Indian spices production is The results obtained from the present investigation undertaken in very small holdings, often on hilly tracts of as well as relevant discussion have been summarized land. It is that 2.5 to 3.0 million small holders cultivate under following heads : one or more spices as per estimates by the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the share of primary sectors* Socio-economic profile: (including agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery) is It was found that highest per cent of farmers (64.00 estimated to be 20.4 per cent of the gross value added %) belonged to age group of above 50 years and 32.00 (GVA) during 2016-17 at current prices. per cent farmers belonged to the age group of 36 to 50 With this background, the present study was carried years. out with the following specific objectives: It was find out from the survey that 59 per cent – To study the socio-economic characteristics of farmers leave in nuclear family and only 39 per cent farmers member belong to joint family. – To find out cost of cumin cultivation It was found that highest per cent of farmers (77.00 – To analyze growth performance and acreage %) had 3 to 5 members in their family. response of cumin crop. It was observed that majority of farmers i.e., 33.00 per cent had the education upto primary level. MATERIALS AND METHODS : It was revealed from the field survey that out of 100 respondents 97 per cent farmers were married and Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted as per 3 per cent. the objective of the study. In the first stage of sampling, It was found that most of farmer’s income category Junagadh district was selected purposively as the was average poverty line. Junagadh district is the major pocket for cumin seeds of It was found that majority of farmer i.e., 35 per GASCO. In the second stage Manavadar, Vanthali, cent had the small land holding above 1 to 2.0 ha. Junagadh and Keshod talukas was selected purposively It was revealed from the field survey that 26 per for the same reason. In the third stage of sampling, 5 cent, 56 per cent farmers participated in social dealers of GASCO were selected randomly from each participation and extension participation, respectively. taluka and 5 farmers per dealer were selected randomly. In this way, total 20 dealers of GASCO and 100 farmers Cost of cumin cultivation: using cumin seed of GASCO was selected from the Results of cumin cultivation showed that the average Junagadh district. The other information required for the total cost (cost c2) per hectare was amounted to Rs. study regarding was collected from Department of Agri- 37434.27 and overall farm business income, family labour meteorology, Department of Agriculture Economics, income and farm investment income for cumin crop were Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh and the Rs. 39106.79 Rs. 31639.70 and Rs. 32130.27 per hectare, secondary data and other relevant information for the respectively, Moreover, the data shows that the overall study were gathered from the website of Directorate of net profit per hectare was Rs. 24691.95. Among the

Internat. Res. J. Agric. Eco.& Stat., 10 (1) Mar., 2019 : 31-33 32 HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE Economic analysis of cumin seed various items of cost, maximum cost was incurred on belong to age group of above 50. The majority of the seed (84.40%) and minimum cost was manure (0.88%). farmers have family size of 3 to 5 members. The education level of the sample farmers was up to primary Growth performance and acreage response: level. The majority of the sample farmers had annual In Junagadh, compound growth rate of area, income between Rs. 2 to 4 lakh. In case of the cost of production and yield increased at the rate of 28.37, 36.24 cumin cultivation, the highest cost was observed in seed and 6.16 per cent per annum, respectively from period purchase and hired labour. of 1997-98 to 2007-08. The area, production and yield It was found that in case of growth performance, decreased at the rate of 13.1, 9.51 and 4.37 per cent per the area, production and yield decreased at the rate of annum, respectively from period of 2008-09 to 2017-18. 13.1, 9.51 and 4.37 per cent per annum, respectively from Compound growth rate of area, production and yield period of 2008-09 to 2017-18. It was found that in case increased at the rate of 9.89, 15.02 and 4.60 per cent per of acreage response of cumin crop, the lagged area and annum, respectively from period of 1997-98 to 2017-18. yield risk only played significant role in increasing the The result revealed that area, production and yield of area under this crop. The rainfall was negatively cumin was increase. It was observed that during period significant. In the presence of assured price situation with of 2008-09 to 2017-18 yield was drastically reduced and easy market clearance, under the existing conditions the this could be attributed to the climatic factor like rainfall, area under this crop was likely to keep expanding in the diseases (wilt, blight and powdery mildew) and insects- study area. pest infestations. Cumin is the most growing crop in Junagadh district Authors’ affiliations: N.V. Thummar and Jagruti D. Bhatt, Post Graduate Institute of in Gujarat and further it was observed that major sowing Agri-Business Management, Junagadh Agricultural University, area of cumin is in Saurastra. Thus, there is a scope of Junagadh (Gujarat) India (Email: [email protected]) diversion of area from cumin to other crop. In case of cumin, the lagged area and lagged yield risk played LITERATURECITED : significant role in area of cumin. The lagged price, price risk, and lagged yield, were non-significant. The rainfall Haribabu, P. (2017). Export performance of spice in India: An was negatively significant. That means due to high rainfall empirical study. Parikalpana-kiit J. Mgmt.,1(13): 66-74. decreased in cumin area was noticed by sowing other Lokonon, B.O. (2015). Acreage response of cotton in Benin: Rabi crops. In the presence of assured price situation macro-level response and some policy implications. Asian with easy market clearance, under the existing conditions J. Agric. Extn. Econ. & Sociol., 4(2):101-112. the area under this crop is likely to keep expanding in Madhusudan, L. (2015). Agriculture role on Indian economy. Junagadh district of Gujarat state. Similar work related Business & Econ. J., 6 (4): 12-16. to the present investigation was also carried out by Haribabu (2017); Lokonon (2015); Madhusudan (2015); Mohan, G., Singh, N. P., Stromberg, P., Matsuda, H. and Herath, S. (2017). Acreage response of principal agricultural crops Mohan et al. (2017) and Murthy et al. (2015). in Andhra Pradesh, India. Asian J. Agric. Extn. Econ.& Sociol., 20 (2): 1-13. Conclusion: In the study area, the farmers who were above 50 Murthy, C., Kulkarni, V. and Kerur, B. P. (2015). A study on years opted agriculture as their profession. The most of economic analysis of cotton production in North Karnataka. Internat. Res. J. Agric. Econ. & Statist., 6 the farmers were married. The marital status is in (2) : 419-425. consensus with the age group as majority of the farmers

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