1 THE REPRESENTATION OF AINU CULTURE IN THE JAPANESE MUSEUM SYSTEM Naohiro Nakamura Department of Geography, Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada, K7L 3N6
[email protected] Abstract Ainu culture has been the symbol of the “savage” and “uncivilized” for a long time. However, the International Year of the World's Indigenous People, 1993, and the establishment of the Foundation for Research and Promotion of Ainu Culture in 1997 changed the way the Ainu are represented culturally and also increased opportunities for the wider society to become aware of the Ainu. This paper considers how Ainu culture has been represented in the Japanese museum system since the nineteenth century, and explores how the way of cultural representation has changed, and what remain unsolved over the representation of Ainu culture. 2 Introduction Ainu culture was the symbol of the “savage,” “uncivilized,” and “exotic” in the World Expositions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. For several decades after World War II, the Ainu were considered to be “extinct” or “assimilated.” In the 1990s, however, there were some epoch-making events regarding Ainu cultural promotion. For example, the International Year of the World's Indigenous People, 1993, and the establishment of the Foundation for Research and Promotion of Ainu Culture (FRPAC) in July 1997 based on the Ainu Culture Promotion Act, changed the way the Ainu are represented culturally and also increased opportunities for the wider society to become aware of the Ainu. The FRPAC has held Ainu craft traveling exhibitions every year since its establishment and the planning committees have tried to represent Ainu culture from “new” and “unique” perspectives.