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Opportunities in Covid-19 and Beyond Through Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan

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Opportunities in Covid-19 and Beyond Through Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 DIGITAL INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES IN COVID-19 AND BEYOND THROUGH ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT ABHIYAN Mradul Kumar Saxena BA,LLB,PGDPM&IR, MA(Sociology), Master of labour law and labour welfare. Life member of NIPM, Director(Pers.) Heavy Engineering Corporation Limited, (AGovt. Of India Enterprises) Dhurwa, Ranchi(JH) & PhD Scholar at JRU, Ranchi(JH) ABSTRACT: Building a Self-Reliant India was essential in a post COVID-19 world. India's self-reliance would be based on 5 pillars - Economy, Infrastructure, System, Demography and Demand. there is a need to create “aatma nirbharta”, not by levying high import duties, but by creating a competitive advantage through augmenting productivity and increasing the recovery ratio of oil from oilseeds. With global supply chain systems is being disrupted because of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the whole country embroiled in a border standoff with China, Honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given a clarion call for “Aatma Nirbhar Bharat” during this crisis situation.[1](Building Atmanirbhar Bharat & Overcoming COVID-19, 2020)“Aatma nirbharta” in the agriculture sector is presumed that for a large country like India, with a population of 1.37 billion, much of the food has to be produced at home. Keywords: Aatma Nirbhar Bharat, Aatmanirbharta, Aatma nirbhar, Economy, Infrastructure, System, Demography and Demand. INTRODUCTION “Aatma Nirbhar Bharat” means self-reliance or self-sufficiency in all essential and necessary items for any individuals, community and society. India can be aatma nirbhar well in crude oil, which is so essential and where import dependence is roughly around 80-85%. We don’t want to be in a “ship to mouth” situation, as we were in the mid-1960s. Even if the country has to buy 20 mt of wheat at a landed cost of $250/tons, it will spend just $5 billion, just one per cent of its Volume 10 Issue 9 - 2020 237 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 foreign exchange reserves. In that sense, the biggest reform in the last three decades that has led to “aatma nirbharta” in food is the correction of the exchange rate, coupled with the gradual integration of India with the world economy. Since the Modi government took over the reins of the economy in 2014, agri-exports have been sluggish and sliding. In 2019-20, when the Modi government had completed six years in office, agri-exports were just $36 billion, and the net agri-trade surplus at $11.2 billion.[2] (Agriculture, 2019) However, if one were to look at agriculture and chalk out a strategy where exports can be augmented and imports compressed, we would need to keep in mind the principle of “comparative advantage”. That means exporting more where we have a competitive edge, and importing where we lack competitiveness. However, rice and sugar cultivation are quite subsidized through free power and highly subsidized fertilizers, especially urea. Together power and fertilizer subsidies account for about 10-15 per cent of the value of rice and sugar produced on a per hectare basis. But more importantly, it is leading to the virtual export of water as one kg of rice requires 3,500-5,000 litres of water for irrigation, and one kg of sugar consumes about 2,000 litres of water. So, in a sense, the two crops are leading to a faster depletion of groundwater in states such as Punjab, Haryana (due to rice) and Maharashtra (due to sugar). Thus, quite a bit of the “revealed comparative advantage” in rice and sugar is hidden in input subsidies. This leads to increased pressure on scarce water and a highly inefficient use of fertilizers. It may be worth noting that almost 75 per cent of the nitrogen in urea is not absorbed by plants.[3] (Part-5: Government Reforms and Enablers, 17-05-2020) It either evaporates into the environment or leaches into groundwater making it unfit for drinking. We should offer the best incentives for exports of high-value agri-produce like fruits and vegetables, spices, tea and coffee, or even cotton, as we do for rice and sugar. This is a question that policy makers need to think about with an eye on the “comparative advantage” principle. The present government has banned more than 59 Chinese apps, it has stepped up effort to check imports and investments from China and even raised import duties also. At the same time the Indian Govt. asked Indians to “be vocal for local”. Many economists have also been described well all this as “back to protectionism”. Volume 10 Issue 9 - 2020 238 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study are as follows- a. To make a self-reliant nation through agricultural initiatives. b. To revive every sphere of the economy from demand, supply to manufacturing, and make India self-reliant to sustain. c. To tackle any Black Swan event in the future. d. To create awareness about 'Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan & its importance. e. To strengthen the Economy, Infrastructure, System, Demography and Demand of Country through Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: In agricultural sector, India is a net exporter or net importer of agricultural products. In fact, it has been so ever since the economic reforms began in 1991. The golden year of agri-trade, however, was 2013-14. That year agri-exports peaked at $43.6 billion while imports were $18.9 billion, giving a net trade surplus of $24.7 billion. On the agri-imports front, the biggest item is edible oils — worth about $10 billion (more than 15 mt). This is where there is a need to create “aatma nirbharta”, not by levying high import duties, but by creating a competitive advantage through augmenting productivity and increasing the recovery ratio of oil from oilseeds and in case of palm oil, from fresh fruit bunches. While mustard, sunflower, groundnuts, and cottonseed have a potential to increase oil output to some extent, the maximum potential lies in oil palm. This is the only plant that can give about four tons of oil on a per hectare basis. India has about 2 million hectares that are suitable for oil palm cultivation this can yield 8 mt of palm oil.There are several initiatives taken by the Government of India for developing a self-reliant nation. Some of the initiatives taken by the Government in Agricultural and allied sector are as follows: Financial Highlights •Concessional Credit Boost to farmers: Farmers will be provided institutional credit facilities at concessional rates through Kisan Credit Cards. This scheme will cover 2.5 crore farmers with concessional credit worth two lakh crore rupees. Volume 10 Issue 9 - 2020 239 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 •Agri Infrastructure Fund: A fund of one lakh crore rupees will be created for development of agriculture infrastructure projects at farm-gate and aggregation points (such as cooperative societies and Farmer Producer Organizations). Farm gate refers to the market where buyers can buy products directly from the farmers. •Emergency working capital for farmers: An additional fund of Rs 30,000 crore will be released as emergency working capital for farmers. This fund will be disbursed through NABARD to Rural Cooperative Banks (RCBs) and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) for meeting their crop loans requirements. This fund is expected to benefit three crore small and marginal farmers. This is in addition to the financial support of Rs 90,000 crore that will be provided by NABARD to RCBs and RRBs to meet the crop loan demand this year. •Support to fishermen: The Pradhan Mantri MatsyaSampada Yojana (PMMSY) will be launched for integrated, sustainable, and inclusive development of marine and inland fisheries. Under this scheme, Rs 11,000 crore will be spent on activities in Marine, Inland fisheries and Aquaculture and Rs 9,000 crore will be spent for developing infrastructure (such as fishing harbors, cold chain, markets). •Animal Husbandry infrastructure development: An Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund of Rs 15,000 crore will be set up, with the aim of supporting private investment in dairy processing, value addition, and cattle feed infrastructure. Incentives will be given for establishing plants for export of niche dairy products. •Employment push using CAMPA funds: The government will approve plans worth Rs 6,000 crore under the Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) to facilitate job creation for tribals/adivasis.2 Funds under CAMPA will be used for: (i) afforestation and plantation works, including in urban areas, (ii) artificial regeneration, assisted natural regeneration, (iii) forest management, soil and moisture conservation works, (iv) forest protection, forest and wildlife related infrastructure development, and wildlife protection and management. Note that the CAMPA funds are currently used for protection of forest and wildlife management.[4] (Summary of announcements : Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan, 2020) Volume 10 Issue 9 - 2020 240 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 Legislative Highlights • Amendments to the Essential Commodities Act: The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 empowers the central and state governments control the production, supply and distribution of certain commodities to avoid scarcity in the country. Commodities covered under the Act include edible oil and seeds, pulses, sugarcane and its products, and rice paddy. The Act will be amended to deregulate food items including cereals, edible oils, oilseeds, pulses, onions and potato. This is expected to allow better price realization for farmers by attracting investments and enabling competition in the sector. Stock limit will be imposed under very exceptional circumstances such as national calamities and famines with surge in prices.
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