Superfluid Quantum Space and Evolution of the Universe
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Dark Matter and the Early Universe: a Review Arxiv:2104.11488V1 [Hep-Ph
Dark matter and the early Universe: a review A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France Abstract Dark matter represents currently an outstanding problem in both cosmology and particle physics. In this review we discuss the possible explanations for dark matter and the experimental observables which can eventually lead to the discovery of dark matter and its nature, and demonstrate the close interplay between the cosmological properties of the early Universe and the observables used to constrain dark matter models in the context of new physics beyond the Standard Model. arXiv:2104.11488v1 [hep-ph] 23 Apr 2021 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Standard Cosmological Model 3 2.1 Friedmann-Lema^ıtre-Robertson-Walker model . 4 2.2 A quick story of the Universe . 5 2.3 Big-Bang nucleosynthesis . 8 3 Dark matter(s) 9 3.1 Observational evidences . 9 3.1.1 Galaxies . 9 3.1.2 Galaxy clusters . 10 3.1.3 Large and cosmological scales . 12 3.2 Generic types of dark matter . 14 4 Beyond the standard cosmological model 16 4.1 Dark energy . 17 4.2 Inflation and reheating . 19 4.3 Other models . 20 4.4 Phase transitions . 21 5 Dark matter in particle physics 21 5.1 Dark matter and new physics . 22 5.1.1 Thermal relics . 22 5.1.2 Non-thermal relics . -
Review Talks
REVIEW TALKS ALDO MORSELLI II UNIVERSITA DI ROMA "TOR VERGATA” - ITALY ARIEL SÁNCHEZ MPE - GERMANY CARLA BONIFAZI UFRJ - BRAZIL CHRISTOPHER J. CONSELICE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM - UNITED KINGDOM JODI COOLEY SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV. - USA KEN GANGA APC - FRANCE “THE PLANCK MISSION” The planck satellite, created to measure the anisotropies in the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background, was launched in may of 2009 and has performed well. Some early, non-cmb results have been published already. The first set of cmb temperature data and papers will be released at the beginning of 2013. The full data set, including polarization, is scheduled to be made public in early 2014. Galactic and other astronomical results will continue to be released during this period. I will review the non-cmb results which have been released to date and give previews of what we hope to be able to do with the cosmological data releases. MATTHIAS STEINMETZ AIP - GERMANY NICOLAO FORNENGO UNIVERSITY OF TORINI - ITALY PAOLO SALUCCI SISSA – ITALY “DARK MATTER IN GALAXIES: LEADS TO ITS NATURE” In the past years a wealth of observations has revealed the structural properties of the Dark and Luminous mass distribution in galaxies. These have pointed out to an intriguing scenario. In spirals, the investigation of individual and coadded objects has shown that their rotation curves follow, from their centers out to their virial radii, a Universal profile (URC) that arises from a tuned combination of a stellar disk and of a dark halo. The importance of the latter component decreases with galaxy mass. Individual objects have clearly revealed that the dark halos encompassing the luminous discs have a constant density core. -
Letter of Interest Cosmic Probes of Ultra-Light Axion Dark Matter
Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest Cosmic probes of ultra-light axion dark matter Thematic Areas: (check all that apply /) (CF1) Dark Matter: Particle Like (CF2) Dark Matter: Wavelike (CF3) Dark Matter: Cosmic Probes (CF4) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: The Modern Universe (CF5) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Cosmic Dawn and Before (CF6) Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Complementarity of Probes and New Facilities (CF7) Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics (TF09) Astro-particle physics and cosmology Contact Information: Name (Institution) [email]: Keir K. Rogers (Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University; Dunlap Institute, University of Toronto) [ [email protected]] Authors: Simeon Bird (UC Riverside), Simon Birrer (Stanford University), Djuna Croon (TRIUMF), Alex Drlica-Wagner (Fermilab, University of Chicago), Jeff A. Dror (UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Daniel Grin (Haverford College), David J. E. Marsh (Georg-August University Goettingen), Philip Mocz (Princeton), Ethan Nadler (Stanford), Chanda Prescod-Weinstein (University of New Hamp- shire), Keir K. Rogers (Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University; Dunlap Insti- tute, University of Toronto), Katelin Schutz (MIT), Neelima Sehgal (Stony Brook University), Yu-Dai Tsai (Fermilab), Tien-Tien Yu (University of Oregon), Yimin Zhong (University of Chicago). Abstract: Ultra-light axions are a compelling dark matter candidate, motivated by the string axiverse, the strong CP problem in QCD, and possible tensions in the CDM model. They are hard to probe experimentally, and so cosmological/astrophysical observations are very sensitive to the distinctive gravitational phenomena of ULA dark matter. There is the prospect of probing fifteen orders of magnitude in mass, often down to sub-percent contributions to the DM in the next ten to twenty years. -
Pandax-II ! 2015.4.9 Sino-French PPL, Hefei Pandax Dark Matter Search Program
Jinping Mountain WIMPs PandaX Dark Matter Search with Liquid Xenon at Jinping Kaixuan Ni! (on behalf of the PandaX Collaboration)! Shanghai Jiao Tong University! from PandaX-I to PandaX-II ! 2015.4.9 Sino-French PPL, Hefei PandaX dark matter search program ❖ 2009.3 SJTU group visited Jinping for the first time! ❖ 2009.4 Proposals submitted for dark matter search with liquid xenon at Jinping! ❖ 2010.1 PandaX collaboration formed, funding supported by SJTU/MOST/NSFC, started to develop the PandaX-I detector at SJTU! ❖ 2012.8 PandaX-I detector moved to CJPL! ❖ 2012.9-2013.9 Two engineering runs carried out for system integration! ❖ 2014.3 Detector fully functional for data taking! ❖ 2014.8 PandaX-I first results (17 days) published! ❖ 2014.11 Another 63 days dark matter data were collected! ❖ 2015 Upgrading from PandaX-I (125-kg) to PandaX-II (500-kg) PandaX Collaboration for Dark Matter Search Shanghai Jiao Tong University! Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS! Shandong University! University of Maryland! University of Michigan! Peking University! http://pandax.org/ Yalong River Hydropower Development Co.! China Institute of Atomic Energy (new group joined 2015) Why Liquid Xenon? • Ultra-low background: using self-shielding with 3D fiducialization and ER/NR discrimination • Sensitive to both heavy and light dark matter • Sensitive to both Spin-independent and Spin-dependent (129Xe,131Xe) • Ultra-pure Xe target: xenon gas can be purified with sub-ppb (O2 etc.) and sub-ppt (Kr) impurities • Multi-ton target achievable: with reasonable cost ($1.5M/ton) and relative simple cryogenics (165K) Two-phase xenon for dark matter searches WIMPs/Neutrons. -
Dark Matter As a Metric Perturbation
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 16 November 2016 doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0080.v1 Article Dark Matter as a Metric Perturbation W. M. Stuckey 1*, Timothy McDevitt 2, A. K. Sten 1 and Michael Silberstein 3,4 1 Department of Physics, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA 17022, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA 17022, USA 3 Department of Philosophy, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA 17022, USA 4 Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-717-361-1436 Abstract: Since general relativity (GR) has already established that matter can simultaneously have two different values of mass depending on its context, we argue that the missing mass attributed to non-baryonic dark matter (DM) actually obtains because there are two different values of mass for the baryonic matter involved. The globally obtained “dynamical mass” of baryonic matter can be understood as a small perturbation to a background spacetime metric even though it’s much larger than the locally obtained “proper mass.” Having successfully fit the SCP Union2.1 SN Ia data without accelerating expansion or a cosmological constant, we employ the same ansatz to compute dynamical mass from proper mass and explain galactic rotation curves (THINGS data), the mass profiles of X-ray clusters (ROSAT and ASCA data) and the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (Planck 2015 data) without DM. We compare our fits to modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), metric skew-tensor gravity (MSTG) and scalar-tensor-vector gravity (STVG) for each data set, respectively, since these modified gravity programs are known to generate good fits to these data. -
Collapsed Dark Matter Structures
Collapsed Dark Matter Structures Matthew R. Buckley and Anthony DiFranzo Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (Dated: February 14, 2018) The distributions of dark matter and baryons in the Universe are known to be very different: the dark matter resides in extended halos, while a significant fraction of the baryons have radiated away much of their initial energy and fallen deep into the potential wells. This difference in morphology leads to the widely held conclusion that dark matter cannot cool and collapse on any scale. We revisit this assumption, and show that a simple model where dark matter is charged under a \dark electromagnetism" can allow dark matter to form gravitationally collapsed objects with characteris- tic mass scales much smaller than that of a Milky Way-type galaxy. Though the majority of the dark matter in spiral galaxies would remain in the halo, such a model opens the possibility that galaxies and their associated dark matter play host to a significant number of collapsed substructures. The observational signatures of such structures are not well explored, but potentially interesting. Though dark matter outmasses the baryons five-to-one Outside it, the characteristic cooling time is longer than [1], we typically assume the baryonic components are far the infall time. As a result, little of the kinetic and po- more complex than their dark matter equivalents. While tential energy in the halo is lost. Thus, it is completely some of this is certainly due to baryonic chauvinism, it possible for compact objects to form at the scale of, say 6 is clear from rotation curves and lensing measurements 10 M and below, while above this scale, no significant 9 that, at the mass scales of dwarf galaxies (∼10 M ) and deviation from CDM would be seen, despite 100% of the above, dark matter resides in approximately spherical dark matter having the same set of non-gravitational in- \halos" whose shapes are consistent with primordial over- teractions. -
Negative Matter, Repulsion Force, Dark Matter, Phantom And
Negative Matter, Repulsion Force, Dark Matter, Phantom and Theoretical Test Their Relations with Inflation Cosmos and Higgs Mechanism Yi-Fang Chang Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: First, dark matter is introduced. Next, the Dirac negative energy state is rediscussed. It is a negative matter with some new characteristics, which are mainly the gravitation each other, but the repulsion with all positive matter. Such the positive and negative matters are two regions of topological separation in general case, and the negative matter is invisible. It is the simplest candidate of dark matter, and can explain some characteristics of the dark matter and dark energy. Recent phantom on dark energy is namely a negative matter. We propose that in quantum fluctuations the positive matter and negative matter are created at the same time, and derive an inflation cosmos, which is created from nothing. The Higgs mechanism is possibly a product of positive and negative matter. Based on a basic axiom and the two foundational principles of the negative matter, we research its predictions and possible theoretical tests, in particular, the season effect. The negative matter should be a necessary development of Dirac theory. Finally, we propose the three basic laws of the negative matter. The existence of four matters on positive, opposite, and negative, negative-opposite particles will form the most perfect symmetrical world. Key words: dark matter, negative matter, dark energy, phantom, repulsive force, test, Dirac sea, inflation cosmos, Higgs mechanism. 1. Introduction The speed of an object surrounded a galaxy is measured, which can estimate mass of the galaxy. -
Exotic Dark Fluid Controlling Universe Occupying Ninety Five Percent of the Space
Exotic dark fluid controlling universe occupying ninety five percent of the space. What is it and how it is generated? Name of Author: Durgadas Datta; Email: [email protected]; Mobile Number +91- 9830819878; Submission Date; 12th February, 2019. Institute Home Research on Gravitoethertons Author is Founder Director of Home Research on Gravitoethertons -The Exotic Dark Superfluid Abstract:- A New Theory of Gravity with Modified Interpretation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and Some Associated Outcomes on Standard Model in Prescribing Fundamental Forces. The greatest puzzle today is dark matter--dark energy and mechanism of gravity. We are living on a planet which is located in a part of our universe of super cluster, which is under dark pull/flow from another universe giving drift velocity from existing universe. This has affected our observations by telescopes in the form of incorrect red shift and calculations. Our universe is expanding and accelerating but at reduced rate from our calculations. Another factor is due to our matter universe inside an antimatter universe on opposite entropy path and reverse arrow of time creating gravitoetherton superfluid at common boundary by annihilation and injected into both the universe as explained in my balloon inside balloon theory. The outer universe will be approaching low entropy when misbalance will give rise to a big bounce creating again mirror universes in recyclic and rebounce theory. A Revised Vision for Gravity: - This big bounce is described by Dr.Guth in his exponential inflation. After around 400000 years, we will see CMB glow and galaxies will be forming around escaped evaporation black holes from previous era as seeds of galaxy formation. -
Demystifying Dark Matter Radha Krishnan, B-Tech, Dept
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 11, November-2013 690 ISSN 2229-5518 Demystifying Dark Matter Radha Krishnan, B-Tech, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics, National Institute of Technology- Puducherry, Nehru Nagar, Karaikal, 609605 E-Mail- [email protected] Abstract— Dark matter, proposed years ago as a conjectural component of the universe, is now known to be the vital ingredient in the cosmos, eight times more abundant than ordinary matter, one quarter of the total energy density and the component which has controlled the growth of structure in the universe. However, all of this evidence has been gathered via the gravitational interactions of dark matter. Its nature remains a mystery, but, assuming it is comprised of weakly interacting sub-atomic particles, is consistent with large scale cosmic structure. This paper discusses and sheds new light on the possible nature and prospects of the dark matter in the Universe. Index Terms—gravity, higher dimension, light, mass, multiverse —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION ARK matter is, mildly speaking, a very strange form of neighbourhood found that the mass in the galactic plane must D matter. Although it has mass, it does not interact with be more than the material that could be seen, but this meas- everyday objects and it passes straight through our bod- urement was later determined to be essentially erroneous. In ies. Physicists call the matter dark because it is invisible. Yet, 1933 the Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky, who stud- we know it exists. Because dark matter has mass, it exerts a ied clusters of galaxies, made a similar inference. -
Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bachelor Thesis University of Groningen Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and a Possible Microscopic Description Author: Supervisor: L.M. Mooiweer prof. dr. E. Pallante Abstract Nowadays, the mass discrepancy in the universe is often interpreted within the paradigm of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) while other possibilities are not excluded. The main idea of this thesis is to develop a better theoretical understanding of the hidden mass problem within the paradigm of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Several phenomenological aspects of MOND will be discussed and we will consider a possible microscopic description based on quantum statistics on the holographic screen which can reproduce the MOND phenomenology. July 10, 2015 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The Problem of the Hidden Mass . .3 2 Modified Newtonian Dynamics6 2.1 The Acceleration Constant a0 .................................7 2.2 MOND Phenomenology . .8 2.2.1 The Tully-Fischer and Jackson-Faber relation . .9 2.2.2 The external field effect . 10 2.3 The Non-Relativistic Field Formulation . 11 2.3.1 Conservation of energy . 11 2.3.2 A quadratic Lagrangian formalism (AQUAL) . 12 2.4 The Relativistic Field Formulation . 13 2.5 MOND Difficulties . 13 3 A Possible Microscopic Description of MOND 16 3.1 The Holographic Principle . 16 3.2 Emergent Gravity as an Entropic Force . 16 3.2.1 The connection between the bulk and the surface . 18 3.3 Quantum Statistical Description on the Holographic Screen . 19 3.3.1 Two dimensional quantum gases . 19 3.3.2 The connection with the deep MOND limit . -
Supersymmetric Dark Matter Candidates in Light of Constraints from Collider and Astroparticle Observables
THESE` Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE´ DE GRENOBLE Specialit´ e´ : Physique Theorique´ Arretˆ e´ ministeriel´ : 7 aoutˆ 2006 Present´ ee´ par Jonathan DA SILVA These` dirigee´ par Genevieve` BELANGER´ prepar´ ee´ au sein du Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Theorique´ (LAPTh) et de l’Ecole´ Doctorale de Physique de Grenoble Supersymmetric Dark Matter candidates in light of constraints from collider and astroparticle observables These` soutenue publiquement le 3 juillet 2013, devant le jury compose´ de : arXiv:1312.0257v1 [hep-ph] 1 Dec 2013 Dr. Rohini GODBOLE Professeur, CHEP Bangalore, Inde, Presidente´ Dr. Farvah Nazila MAHMOUDI Maˆıtre de Conferences,´ LPC Clermont, Rapporteur Dr. Ulrich ELLWANGER Professeur, LPT Orsay, Rapporteur Dr. Celine´ BŒHM Charge´ de recherche, Durham University, Royaume-Uni, Examinatrice Dr. Anupam MAZUMDAR Professeur, Lancaster University, Royaume-Uni, Examinateur Dr. Genevieve` BELANGER´ Directeur de Recherche, LAPTh, Directeur de these` A meus av´os. Contents Acknowledgements - Remerciements vii List of Figures xi List of Tables xvii List of Abbreviations xix List of Publications xxiii Introduction1 I Status of particle physics and cosmology ... and beyond5 1 From the infinitely small : the Standard Model of particle physics ...7 1.1 Building of the model : gauge sector . .8 1.2 Matter sector . 10 1.2.1 Leptons . 10 1.2.2 Quarks . 12 1.3 The Higgs mechanism . 13 1.4 Full standard picture . 16 1.5 Successes of the SM . 18 1.6 SM issues . 19 1.6.1 Theoretical problems . 19 1.6.2 Experimental discrepancies . 20 1.6.3 Cosmological connexion . 22 2 ... To the infinitely large : the Lambda Cold Dark Matter model 23 2.1 Theoretical framework . -
Quantum Gravity Past, Present and Future
Quantum Gravity past, present and future carlo rovelli vancouver 2017 loop quantum gravity, Many directions of investigation string theory, Hořava–Lifshitz theory, supergravity, Vastly different numbers of researchers involved asymptotic safety, AdS-CFT-like dualities A few offer rather complete twistor theory, tentative theories of quantum gravity causal set theory, entropic gravity, Most are highly incomplete emergent gravity, non-commutative geometry, Several are related, boundaries are fluid group field theory, Penrose nonlinear quantum dynamics causal dynamical triangulations, Several are only vaguely connected to the actual problem of quantum gravity shape dynamics, ’t Hooft theory non-quantization of geometry Many offer useful insights … loop quantum causal dynamical gravity triangulations string theory asymptotic Hořava–Lifshitz safety group field AdS-CFT theory dualities twistor theory shape dynamics causal set supergravity theory Penrose nonlinear quantum dynamics non-commutative geometry Violation of QM non-quantized geometry entropic ’t Hooft emergent gravity theory gravity Several are related Herman Verlinde at LOOP17 in Warsaw No major physical assumptions over GR&QM No infinity in the small loop quantum causal dynamical Infinity gravity triangulations in the small Supersymmetry string High dimensions theory Strings Lorentz Violation asymptotic Hořava–Lifshitz safety group field AdS-CFT theory dualities twistor theory Mostly still shape dynamics causal set classical supergravity theory Penrose nonlinear quantum dynamics non-commutative geometry Violation of QM non-quantized geometry entropic ’t Hooft emergent gravity theory gravity Discriminatory questions: Is Lorentz symmetry violated at the Planck scale or not? Are there supersymmetric particles or not? Is Quantum Mechanics violated in the presence of gravity or not? Are there physical degrees of freedom at any arbitrary small scale or not? Is geometry discrete i the small? Lorentz violations Infinite d.o.f.