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Представители Семейства Bochianitidae (Ammonoidea) Из Нижнего Мела Горного Крыма © 2008 Г ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ, 2008, № 5, с. 18-26 УДК 564.5:551.76(477.9) ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛИ СЕМЕЙСТВА BOCHIANITIDAE (AMMONOIDEA) ИЗ НИЖНЕГО МЕЛА ГОРНОГО КРЫМА © 2008 г. В. В. Аркадьев Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет e-mail: [email protected] Поступила в редакцию 10.04.2007 г. Принята к печати 21.06.2007 г. Приведены результаты ревизии гетероморфньгх аммонитов семейства Bochianitidae из нижнего ме­ ла Горного Крыма. Автором подтверждена валидность рода Janenschites, выделенного из рода Bo- chianites. Из берриаса Горного Крыма описаны виды Bochianites neocomiensis (d'Orbigny), В. goubech- ensis Mandov, В. levis sp. nov. и В. crymensis sp. nov., из нижнего баррема - виды Janenschites oosteri (Sarasin et Schondelmayer) и J. incisus sp. nov. Бохианиты, появившись в начале берриаса в южных обла­ стях (Африка, Крым), в валанжине и готериве распространились в северные районы Западной Европы. Гетероморфные аммониты рода Bochianites тарктиды (Kelly, 1995; Lomas, 1999) и Новой Гви¬ редко встречаются в нижнемеловых отложениях неи (Benson, 1923). Горного Крыма. До настоящего времени из этого В последнее время вид В. cf. neocomiensis най­ региона было описано лишь два вида - Bochianites ден в пограничных отложениях валанжина - готе- oosteri и В. neocomiensis (Каракаш, 1907). Между рива Большого Кавказа (Захаров и др., 2006). тем, представители этого рода занимают значи¬ Крымские бохианиты после Н.И. Каракаша тельное место в нижнемеловых (в частности (1907) никем не изучались. Этот исследователь верхневаланжинских) аммонитовых комплексах виды B. neocomiensis и В. oosteri определил и опи¬ западной части Тетической области (Сесса, 1998; сал из красных известняков разреза на р. Кача в Lukeneder, 2005). Географическое распростране¬ Горном Крыму. Е.Ю. Барабошкин (1997) данный ние рода Bochianites чрезвычайно широкое. Впер¬ стратиграфический интервал относит к зоне Spit- вые род выделен на материале из валанжина idiscus hugii нижнего баррема, в дальнейшем пе¬ Франции (Lory, 1898). В дальнейшем он был опре¬ реименованной в зону Taveraidiscus hugii (Reboulet делен и описан из многих районов Западной Ев¬ et al., 2006). В результате ревизии автором кол¬ ропы (см. синонимику вида Bochianites neocomien- лекции Каракаша, хранящейся в стратиграфо-па- sis), из Южной Африки (Kitchin, 1908), Туниса (Ar- леонтологическом музее кафедры динамической nould-Saget, 1953), с Мадагаскара (Collignon, 1962) и исторической геологии Санкт-Петербургского и с островов Сулу в Индонезии (Boehm, 1904). В государственного университета (СПбГУ), уста¬ публикациях западноевропейских исследовате¬ новлено, что описанные им виды бохианитов об¬ лей фигурируют в основном два вида - В. neo- ладают очень сложно рассеченной лопастной ли¬ comiensis и В. oosteri, причем первый отмечается нией и могут быть отнесены к роду Janenschites, преимущественно из верхнего валанжина, второй - выделенному из рода Bochianites (Durand-Delga, из верхнего валанжина - нижнего готерива (Ман- 1954). дов, 1971; Immel, 1987; Lukeneder, 2004а, b, 2005). Несколько видов бохианитов определено и опи­ Нами (Аркадьев и др., 2005) отмечено присут¬ сано из Мексики (Imlay, 1937; Cantu-Chapa, 1976) и ствие Bochianites sp. в отложениях берриасской Калифорнии (Anderson, 1938, 1945). зоны jacobi в бассейне р. Тонас. В распоряжении автора имеется небольшая (14 экз.) коллекция В Бореальной области бохианиты описаны из представителей этого рода, собранная в Горном валанжина о-ва Бегичева на севере Сибири (Бо- Крыму В.В. Друщицем, Т.Н. Горбачик, В.М. Не- дылевский, 1960). Н.И. Шульгина (1985) опреде­ роденко и Т.Н. Богдановой и любезно переданная лила их с этого же стратиграфического уровня. автору Богдановой. Материал плохой сохранно¬ В.А. Захаров и М.А. Рогов (2006) указали на при­ сти - это преимущественно фрагменты ядер, ча¬ сутствие Bochianites cf. glennensis Anderson в зоне сто сдавленные и замещенные породой. Начальные kochi рязанского яруса на п-ове Нордвик (море части раковин не сохранились. Тем не менее, в ряде Лаптевых). случаев удалось наблюдать особенности строения лопастной линии. Все крымские бохианиты най¬ К сожалению, в некоторых районах Земли род дены в глинистых пачках разрезов берриаса Цен¬ Bochianites зафиксирован формально, без указа¬ трального, Восточного Крыма и бассейна р. То- ния видов и их описания, что не позволяет оце­ нас (рис. 1). Большинство изученных экземпля¬ нить достоверность находок. Это касается Ан- ров происходит из подзоны grandis зоны jacobi 18 ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛИ СЕМЕЙСТВА BOCHIANITIDAE (AMMONOIDEA) 19 Рис. 1. Схема расположения изученных разрезов берриасских отложений, в которых встречены бохианитиды: 1 - Фе­ одосия, мыс Святого Ильи, пос. Султановка, Наниково, Баракольская долина; 2 - р. Тонас, пос. Красноселовка; 3 - бассейн р. Сары-Су. берриаса (они встречены вместе с представителя­ верхний валанжин - нижний готерив Швейцарии, ми родов Pseudosubplanites, Berriasella, Delphinel- Кавказа (?); В. ambikyensis Collignon - валанжин la). Лишь некоторые экземпляры, происходящие Мадагаскара; В. baculitoides Arnould-Saget - титон, из бассейна р. Сары-Су Центрального Крыма, берриас Туниса; В. glaber Kitchin - валанжин, го- найдены на более высоких уровнях берриаса - в терив (?) Южной Африки; В. weteringi Boehm и слоях с Euthymiceras и Neocosmoceras, относимых В. versteeghi Boehm - берриас (?) островов Сулу к зоне boissieri (Аркадьев и др., 2006a). (Индонезия); В. nodosocostatus Mandov - верхний Описанные в статье коллекции хранятся в валанжин Болгарии; В. goubechensis Mandov - ЦНИГРмузее (№ 13169) и палеонтолого-страти- берриас (зона jacobi) Крыма; верхний валанжин графическом музее СПбГУ (№ 103, коллекция Болгарии, Англии, Франции; В. thieuloides Cantu- Н.И. Каракаша). Автор благодарен Т.Н. Богда¬ Chapa - верхний валанжин Мексики; В. pasken- новой за предоставленный материал, просмотр taensis Anderson - берриас (?), валанжин Калифор¬ рукописи статьи и критические замечания. нии; В. glennensis Anderson - титон (?) Калифор¬ нии; берриас (зона kochi) севера Сибири; В. renev- ieri Ooster - нижний баррем Швейцарии; В. levis СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ sp. nov. - берриас (зона boissieri, слои с Euthy- СЕМЕЙСТВО BOCHIANITIDAE SPATH, 1922 miceras и Neocosmoceras) Крыма; берриас Туниса; валанжин Чехии; верхний валанжин - нижний го- ПОДСЕМЕЙСТВО BOCHIANITINAE SPATH, 1922 терив Болгарии, Австрии, Швейцарии, о-ва Май¬ Род Bochianites Lory, 1898 орка; В. crymensis sp. nov. - берриас (зона jacobi) Типовой вид - Baculites neocomiensis d'Or- Крыма. bigny, 1840; валанжин Франции. Сравнение. От родов Kabylites, Janenschites, Диагноз. Раковина прямая, гладкая или реб­ Baculina отличается строением лопастной линии. ристая. Сечение округленно-овальное, несколько От рода Baculites отличается трехветвистой пер¬ вытянутое в вентро-дорсальном направлении. вой боковой лопастью. Ребра простые, на боковой стороне наклонены Замечания. М. Дюран-Делга (Durand-Del- вперед, на вентральной образуют дугообразный ga, 1954), основываясь на различиях в строении изгиб вперед, на дорсальной ослабевают и исчеза­ лопастной линии, отделил от рода Bochianites два ют. В лопастной линии отчетливо выделяются новых рода - Kabylites и Janenschites (рис. 2). три главные слаборассеченные лопасти - V, L, D Й. Видман (Wiedmann, 1962) считал такое разде¬ и дополнительные лопасти на вершинах седел. ление родов недостаточно обоснованным. В по¬ Видовой состав. B. neocomiensis (d'Orbig- следнем издании "Третиса" (Wrigth et al., 1996) оба ny) - берриас Крыма; валанжин Чехии; верхний рода - Kabylites и Janenschites - признаны самосто­ валанжин Польши, Болгарии, Германии, Англии, ятельными. Автор придерживается такой же точ­ Испании, Франции, Австрии, севера Сибири (?); ки зрения. Естественно, что без получения пол- ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ № 5 2008 2* 20 АРКАДЬЕВ е б Рис. 2. Лопастные линии родов Bochianites, Kabylites и Janenschites (из Durand-Delga, 1954): a - Bochianites neocomiensis (d'Orbigny) при Д = 4.0 мм; б - Kabylites superstes (Pervinquiere) при Д = 4.5 мм; в - Janenschites janenschi (Zwierzycki) при Д = 6.0 мм. ных сведений о морфогенезе раковины всех трех родов их валидность будет оставаться под сомне­ нием (данные о начальных стадиях роста ракови­ ны и развитии их лопастной линии отсутствуют). Сравнение лопастных линий аммонитов объ­ ективно можно проводить только на одинаковых стадиях роста (т.е. с привязкой к номеру оборота). Ввиду того, что неизвестны целые раковины ука­ занных родов, необходимо сравнивать хотя бы при одинаковых диаметрах. Из-за фрагментарно¬ сти материала даже такое сравнение провести трудно. Лопастные линии изученных автором берриасских бохианитов Горного Крыма, зарисо­ ванные в основном при Д = 4.6-6.8 мм (рис. 3), близки к таковым западноевропейских Bochian- ites при схожих диаметрах (рис. 4) (d'Orbigny, Рис. 3. Лопастные линии видов родов Bochianites и 1840-1842; Durand-Delga, 1954; Мандов, 1971; Janenschites: a - Bochianites sp., экз. № 14/13169 при Vasi c ek, 1999). Эти линии слабо зазубрены, с ши¬ Д = 15.0 мм; Восточный Крым, Феодосия, мыс Свято­ рокими седлами и маленькими вспомогательны¬ го Ильи; берриас, зона jacobi, подзона grandis; б - B. neocomiensis (d'Orbigny), экз. № 4/13169 при Д = ми лопастями на вершинах седел. Лопастная ли­ 1 ния описанного Н.И. Каракашем В. oosteri при = 6.8 мм, Д2 = 6.0 мм; Центральный Крым, р. Сары- Су; берриас, зона boissieri; в, г - B. levis sp. nov.; б - го- Д = 7.7 мм из нижнего баррема Горного Крыма лотип № 9/13169 при Д1 = 5.2 мм, Д2 = 4.6 мм; место­ очень похожа на линию Janenschites janenschi нахождение и возраст те же; в - экз. № 10/13169 при (Zwierzycki)
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