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Adaptation Strategies in the Transport Sector

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Adaptation Strategies in the Transport Sector WEATHER Weather Extremes: Assessment of Impacts on Transport Systems and Hazards for European Regions Deliverable 4 Adaptation Strategies in the Transport Sector Status: Public Version: 1.0 (unapproved draft) Date: 10.12.2011 Authors: Claus Doll, Stefan Klug, Ina Partzsch (Fraunhofer), Riccardo Enei (ISIS), Verena Pelikan, Norbert Sedlacek (Herry), Hedi Maurer, Loreta Rudzikaite (Panteia- NEA), Anestis Papanikolaou, Vangelis Mitsakis (CERTH-HIT) DISCLAIMER This Document is in draft version waiting for formal approval by the European Commission. Citations and references to the document shall contain the status information “unapproved draft”. Study funded under the 7th framework program of the European Commission WEATHER D4: Adaptation Strategies Document details This document should be cited as: Doll, C., S. Klug, J. Köhler, I. Partzsch, R. Enei, V. Pelikan, N. Sedlacek, H. Maurer, L. Rudzikaite, A. Papanikolaou, V. Mitsakis (2011): ―Adaptation Strategies in the Transport Sector‖ Deliverable 4 of the research project WEATHER (Weather Extremes: Impacts on Transport Systems and Hazards for European Regions) funded under the 7th framework program of the European Commission. Project co- ordinator: Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe, 30.9.2010. Document title: Deliverable 4: Adaptation Strategies, main report Lead author: C. Doll (ISI Fraunhofer), R. Enei (ISIS), V. Pelikan (HERRY), N. Sedlacek (HERRY), H. Maurer, J. Kiel, Loreta Rudzikaite (NEA) Contributions: G.Giuffre (ISIS), Valentina Pavan (ARPA-EM) Version: 1.0 (final draft) Date: 10.12.2011 Status: Public Quality review: Accepted: The WEATHER project: Full title: WEATHER – Weather Extremes: Impacts on Transport Systems and Hazards for European Regions. Duration: November 1st 2009 to April 30th 2012 Funding: Call 2008-TPT-1, 7th framework program of the European Commission, Directorate General for Research and Technical Development Contract: Grant Agreement no. 233 783 Consortium: Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Karlsruhe – project co-ordinator Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure Systems (IVI), Dresden , Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Helenic Institute for Transport (HIT), Thessaloniki Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et de Sciences Humaines - International research Center on Environment and Development (SMASH-CIRED), Paris Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems (ISIS), Rome HERRY Consult GmbH, Vienna Agenzia Regionale Prevenzione e Ambiente dell'Emilia Romagna (ARPA-ER), Servizio Idro-Meteo-Clima (SIMC), Bologna NEA Transport Research and Training, Zoetermeer Internet: www.weather-project.eu Contact: Dr. Claus Doll Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Breslauer Str. 48, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany, T: +49 721 6809-354, E: [email protected] WEATHER D4: Adaptation Strategies Content EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................. xii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to the WEATHER project .................................................. 1 1.2 Project objectives and work plan .......................................................... 1 1.3 The Objective of Deliverable 4 ............................................................. 2 1.4 Structure of Deliverable 4 ..................................................................... 3 2 Assessment Methodology ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Scope of the study................................................................................ 5 2.2 Hot Spot analysis ................................................................................. 6 2.3 The standard reporting and assessment framework ........................... 11 2.4 WEATHER Workshop 3: Adaptation Strategies .................................. 14 3 Transport Planning ............................................................................................. 17 3.1 Strategic Transport Planning .............................................................. 17 3.1.1 The changing planning concept in transport ....................................... 17 3.1.2 Integrating adaptation into EU transport policies ................................ 23 3.2 Adaptation by Spatial and Transport Planning .................................... 24 3.2.1 Framework of the European Union ..................................................... 24 3.2.2 Adaptation Strategies of the European countries ................................ 24 3.3 Land Use and Road network planning ................................................ 28 3.3.1 Literature review ................................................................................. 28 3.3.2 Result of Workshop 3 ......................................................................... 30 3.3.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................... 30 3.3.4 Assessment of additional measures ................................................... 30 3.4 European rail network design ............................................................. 33 3.4.1 Literature review ................................................................................. 33 3.4.2 Interviews and Workshop 3 ................................................................ 36 i WEATHER D4: Adaptation Strategies 3.4.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................... 40 3.4.4 Assessment of suitable adaptation measures ..................................... 41 3.5 Maritime Spatial Planning and Adaptation .......................................... 44 3.5.1 Literature review ................................................................................. 44 3.5.2 Interviews and Workshop 3 ................................................................ 48 3.5.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................... 51 3.5.4 Assessment of suitable adaptation measures ..................................... 53 3.6 Conclusions........................................................................................ 53 4 Adapting Infrastructure Technologies .............................................................. 56 4.1 Scope and hot spots ........................................................................... 56 4.2 Road infrastructure ............................................................................. 56 4.2.1 Literature review ................................................................................. 56 4.2.2 Interviews and Workshop 3 ................................................................ 58 4.2.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................... 60 4.2.4 Assessment of suitable adaptation measures ..................................... 60 4.3 Rail infrastructures ............................................................................. 71 4.3.1 Literature review ................................................................................. 71 4.3.2 Interviews and Workshop 3 ................................................................ 75 4.3.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................... 79 4.3.4 Assessment of suitable adaptation measures ..................................... 84 4.4 Waterborne infrastructure ................................................................... 91 4.4.1 Literature review on adaptation strategies regarding the infrastructure for inland shipping......................................................... 91 4.4.2 Literature review on adaptation strategies regarding the infrastructure for maritime shipping .................................................... 97 4.4.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................. 108 4.5 Conclusions...................................................................................... 108 5 Adapting Vehicle Technologies ....................................................................... 111 5.1 Scope and hot spots ......................................................................... 111 5.2 Road vehicle technology .................................................................. 111 5.2.1 Literature review ............................................................................... 111 ii WEATHER D4: Adaptation Strategies 5.2.2 Interviews and Workshop 3 .............................................................. 114 5.2.3 Identification of baseline measures .................................................. 115 5.2.4 Assessment of adaptation measures ................................................ 117 5.3 Rail vehicle technology ..................................................................... 119 5.3.1 Literature review ............................................................................... 119 5.3.2 Interviews and Workshop 3 .............................................................. 121 5.3.3 Identification of good practice measures .......................................... 122 5.3.4 Baseline measures in service in 2050 .............................................. 124 5.3.5 Assessment of suitable adaptation measures ................................... 125 5.4 Urban Public Transport
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