Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT

LAND ADJACENT TO: NUTHALL ROUNDABOUT (M1 / JUNCTION 26) NOTTINGHAM

LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY: BROXTOWE BOROUGH COUNCIL

SITE CENTRED AT: NGR SK 5170 4400

KAREN FRANCIS BA, MIFA

MARCH 2008

9578/08/01 Desk-Based Assessment of Land Adjacent to Nuthall Roundabout (M1 / Junction 26) Nottingham

CONTENTS

Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development 6.0 Conclusions 7.0 Sources Consulted: Bibliographic and Cartographic

APPENDIX 1: Gazetteer of HER Entries within a 500 m radius of the site

Figures 1. Location map 1:25,000. 2. Site plan showing areas 1-3 (not to scale) 3. Nottinghamshire HER data, 1:12500 (after NCC) 4. Extract from Broxtowe Local Plan Proposal Map 5. 1774, Chapman’s map of Nottinghamshire 6. 1817. Plan of Nuthall Temple and Village 7. 1818-1838 David & Charles OS 1st edition 1" map 8. 1835. Sanderson’s map of twenty miles around Mansfield. 9. 1846 Nuthall Tithe map (NRO ref.: AT99/2A) 10. 1879-1890 OS map. Source - 1:2,500 11. 1885 OS map. Source - 1:10,560 12. 1900 OS map. Source - 1:2,500 13. 1908 Village Atlas. Surveyed 1876-82 14. 1920-21 OS map. Source - 1:10,560 15. 1938 OS map. Source - 1:10,560 16. 1955-1960. Source map scale - 1:2,500 17. 1969 OS map. Source - 1:1,250 18. Potentially ‘Important’ Hedgerows (not to scale)

Plates 1. Area 1, looking east towards Hempshill Farm 2. Area 1, looking southeast towards Hempshill Farm and hall 3. Area 2 north, looking west 4. Area 2, looking east towards Area 3 5. Area 2, looking north over the weir, towards Hempshill Hall 6. Area 3, looking northeast towards Swigert Close 7. Area 3, looking northwest towards Hempshill Hall 8. Area 3, looking southeast towards the pond

© CgMs Ltd No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however CgMs limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

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SUMMARY

A desk-based archaeological assessment has been carried out by CgMs Consulting on land adjacent to Nuthall Roundabout, Nottinghamshire, on behalf of BWB Consulting. Nuthall is a village and Ancient Parish on the western edge of Nottingham City, close to junction 26 of the M1 motorway. The proposed development site is located at Hempshill to the east of Nuthall, which was formerly a small hamlet annexed from the parish of Greasley. The site is approximately 5.9 hectares (14.5 acres) in total and is centred at National Grid Reference SK 5170 4400. The site has been nominally divided into three areas. Area 1 is 1.45 Ha. / 3.59 acres; Area 2 is 1.62 Ha./ 4.01 acres; Area 3 is 2.80 Ha. / 6.91 acres.

Very little is known of the prehistory and early history of the Nuthall and Hempshill areas prior to the Domesday survey of 1086 AD. The survey records both a village and church at Hempshill, although their exact locations are now unknown.

There are no listed buildings within the actual area of the proposed development site but there are a number of medieval, post-medieval and Industrial period listed buildings within the 500 m search area. Immediately adjacent to the proposed development site is Hempshill Hall, a Grade II listed building of 16th century date. The hall is associated with a Grade II listed farmhouse, built in the 17th century; and a Grade II listed barn and stable range, built in the mid 18th century. All of these buildings are well-preserved and are partially obscured from the proposed development site by mature trees and high walls. The former lodge of Hempshill Hall, which is unlisted, lies to the south of the proposed development site and is obscured from the site by the A610 road, which was built in the late 1960s.

This desk-based assessment has established that, since the 11th century, Hempshill was the site of a small hamlet (now recorded as a Deserted Medieval Village on the HER) and a church. The exact location of these monuments is unknown, although it has been suggested that they were subsumed by the Hempshill Vale housing estate, which was built in the 1970s, prior to PPG16. If this is the case, it is fair to assume that since the 11th century, the proposed development site has been utilised as farmland and possibly parkland associated with Hempshill Hall and farm. There is some potential for the southern part of the site (particularly area 2) to contain the remains of a medieval mill that were documented in 1677, although this may have been destroyed by the construction of the A610 road.

The assessment has established that the site has a low potential for remains of the Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon/early medieval and Modern periods. The site is considered to have a medium potential for remains of the post-medieval and Industrial periods and a high potential for remains of the medieval period.

If planning permission were to be granted for the development of the site, any development would need to carefully consider the potential impact on the settings of the adjacent listed buildings associated with Hempshill Hall and farm. The potential impact on the historic hedgerows should also be a consideration.

It is also recommended that further archaeological investigation be conducted on the site, following the staged approach recommended within PPG 16. Initially, this could take the form of a topographic and geophysical survey of the site. Depending on the results, archaeological trial trenching and/or open area excavation may be required by the Local Planning Authority.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared on behalf of BWB Consulting by Karen Francis, BA Hons., MIFA and edited by Roderick Dale, BA Hons., MA, MIFA of CgMs Consulting.

1.2 The assessment considers land adjacent to Nuthall Roundabout, to the east of Junction 26 of the M1 motorway. The proposed development site currently comprises a greenfield area located between the A6002 and A610 roads. Although plans have yet to be finalised, it is understood that the site will be the subject of a future planning application for a residential development.

1.3 Nuthall is located in the Borough of Broxtowe on the western edge of Nottingham City, close to junction 26 of the M1 motorway. Historically, Nuthall lay within the Broxtow Wapentake (South Division) and the Broxtowe Hundred. In the mid 1800s, Nuthall parish included the township and chapelry of Awsworth and contained 685 inhabitants and 1,200 acres of land. Nuthall was a small rural village at that time (Whites 1853). In 1894, the Civil Parish of Nuthall comprised the two ecclesiastical districts of Nuthall and Awsworth, and part of that of Kimberley.

1.4 Hempshill, within which the proposed development site is located, was a small hamlet located c. 1 km to the east of Nuthall village (Figure 1). Before 1877, about 50 acres of Hempshill formed a detached portion of Greasley Parish that was separated from the rest of it by Nuthall and Bulwell (Sanderson 1835; Sutton 1852, 130; White 1864, 618; White 1894, 40; Youngs 1979 (II), 365). By Local Government Board Order, Hempshill transferred from Greasley Parish to Nuthall in 1877 (Anon 1941, 838).

1.5 The proposed development site is approximately 5.9 hectares (14.5 acres) in total and is centred at National Grid Reference SK 5170 4400. The site has been nominally divided into three areas (Figure 2): • Area 1 is 1.45 Ha. / 3.59 acres; • Area 2 is 1.62 Ha./ 4.01 acres; • Area 3 is 2.80 Ha. / 6.91 acres.

1.6 The proposed development site is bounded to the north by existing residential properties on the Hempshill Vale Estate fronting onto Lovell Close and Swigert Close (Area 3); and by a modern gas converter (Area 1), (see Figure 2). To the south the site is bounded

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by the A610 road (Areas 2 and 3). To the west the site the site is bounded by Low Wood Road (Areas 1 and 2). To the east, the site is bordered by Hempshill Barn and by existing residential properties fronting onto Barn Close (Area 1); by the grounds of Hempshill Hall (Area 2); and by the car park and grounds of a motel (Area 3).

1.7 The whole site lies within an area of land currently designated as a Protected Open Area and Nature Conservation Site associated with Hempshill Hall (as defined by policies E12d and E16 respectively of the Broxtowe Local Plan). The hall itself is a Grade II listed building of likely 16th century origin (see 4.6.3).

1.8 In accordance with government guidance on archaeology and planning (PPG16) this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site.

1.9 The assessment comprises an examination of evidence in the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (NHER) (Figure 3 and Appendix 1), the Nottinghamshire Record Office (NRO) and the John Samuels Library. Information regarding Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) was obtained from the Nottinghamshire HER and English Heritage. The assessment also considers the results of nearby archaeological investigations, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise.

1.10 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the archaeological potential of the site and to consider the need for design, civil engineering, and/or archaeological solutions to the potential identified.

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2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 In November 1990 the Department of the Environment issued Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG16) ‘Archaeology and Planning’, providing guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the preservation and investigation of archaeological remains.

2.2 In considering any planning application for development, the local planning authority will be guided by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance PPG16, by current Development Plan policy and by other material considerations.

2.3 Over recent years the planning system has undergone major changes with the introduction of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act in 2004. The Broxtowe Local Local Plan, together with the Nottinghamshire & Nottingham Joint Structure Plan, forms the statutory ‘development plan’ for East Nottinghamshire.

2.4 The Broxtowe Local Plan’s review started in 1998. The public inquiry into objections to the Local Plan Review ran from October 2001 to April 2002. The Inspector's Report was received in June 2003. After a lengthy review process, the Broxtowe Local Plan was adopted in September 2004. The Local Plan will eventually be replaced by a new set of planning documents referred to as the Local Development Framework.

2.5 The current Broxtowe Local Plan sets out policies and proposals to guide future development in the district, and provides a framework against which planning applications can be assessed. The Plan was due to expire in September 2007, but the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government made a Direction that 'saved' many of the policies of the 1994 Broxtowe Local Plan beyond 27 September 2007. The Broxtowe Local Plan contained a number of policies which provided a framework for the consideration of development proposals affecting archaeological and heritage features. However, as a result of the Direction, the majority of policies relating to the historic environment 'expired', and therefore ceased to form part of the development plan from 28 September 2007. The unsaved policies included E5 (Listed Buildings); E6 (setting of listed buildings); E21 (Ancient Monuments); and E22 (Other sites of Archaeological Interest).

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2.6 The Broxtowe Local Plan Proposal Map (Figure 4) shows the area of the proposed development site and the following relevant saved policies:

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2.7 The Nottinghamshire & Nottingham Joint Structure Plan adopted on the 16 February 2006 contains the following relevant policies:

POLICY 2/11 SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND OTHER SITES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST There will be a presumption in favour of the physical preservation of Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other nationally important archaeological remains. Development proposals affecting archaeological sites or their settings will only be permitted where the need for development in that location outweighs the relative importance of the remains and/or their setting.

If development is permitted, priority will be given to preserving the archaeological interest in situ. Where preservation in situ is not feasible or justified, conditions will be imposed to ensure that full surveys, excavation and recording of the remains is undertaken.

POLICY 2/12 HISTORIC CHARACTER Local planning authorities will protect and enhance the historic and architectural character and appearance of the landscape of the Plan Area. Permission will not be granted for development within Historic Parks and Gardens, Historic Battlefields and other areas designated for special protection except where it demonstrably conserves and enhances the characteristics of these areas.

The protection and enhancement of the historic character will be achieved through: a) the protection and maintenance of buildings listed as of special architectural, historic or landscape importance, including their settings; b) the identification, protection and maintenance of other individual and groups of buildings which are important for their local architectural distinctiveness, or historic significance; c) the identification, maintenance and enhancement of other locally distinctive and culturally important aspects of the historic environment; d) the designation, enhancement and preservation of Conservation Areas and their settings; e) sensitively designed environmental improvement and traffic management schemes in Conservation Areas and other appropriate areas; f) finding appropriate alternative uses for, and the restoration of, listed or other buildings worthy of retention; and g) informed design of new development.

2.8 This assessment therefore aims to clarify the specific archaeological potential of the proposed development site, and identify any archaeological constraints that would preclude its allocation for development or form a significant issue for the form or design of the development.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The recorded solid geology for the site is the Permian Lower Magnesian Limestone (0- 45ft). This limestone, more recently referred to as the Cadeby Formation, forms a narrow irregular outcrop running from Harworth in North Nottinghamshire to the western suburbs of Nottingham (Edwards 1944, 422). The formation is generally about 40 m thick and wedges out locally towards the southern margin of the depositional basin from Mansfield to Nottingham. It is composed largely of Dolomite and is extensively quarried for a range of construction uses (Aitkenhead 2002, 79; 140). Drift alluvium is also shown extending across the central part of the site (BGS, Sheet 125).

3.1.2 The published geological mapping for the proposed development site records the geology and soils of the proposed development site as ‘U’: ‘Unsurveyed’, mainly urban and industrial areas. The closest recorded soil association to the site is 711c, Brockhurst 2 Association, comprising Permo-Triassic reddish mudstone and alluvium. The soil characteristics of this deposit are slowly permeable, seasonally waterlogged reddish fine loamy over clayey and clayey soils. Some reddish clayey alluvial soils affected by groundwater (SSEW 1984).

3.1.3 The heavy texture and soil wetness of the local clayey soils impose considerable limitations upon their use for agriculture. They are best suited to winter cereals and short term grassland, dairying and stock rearing. The Brockhurst 2 Association occurs mainly in the Midlands of England and covers an area of c. 313 km2 (Ragg et al 1984, 119-120).

3.1.4 A series of documents held by Nottingham archives suggests that coal deposits were identified below Hempshill Hall in the 1830s (see 4.7.10) (NRO Ref. DDH 159/21-90).

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 Nuthall, once a rural village, is located on the north-western periphery Nottingham City, c. 6 km from the city centre. Nuthall has medieval origins and an historic core centred on Nottingham Road (A610), which was once the main turnpike road into the city from Alfreton and Derby. Today the village lies close to Junction 26 of the M1 and is divided by the motorway. Although largely residential, the Nuthall area is surrounded by woodlands, rural countryside and backs onto a large lake in the south.

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3.2.2 The proposed development site is located on what is effectively a small island of Greenfield land situated between the A610 road and the modern Hempshill Vale housing estate. The site is located on the 65 m contour but contains significant changes in slope (see Section 5.0). Appendix 8 of the Broxtowe Local Plan lists all of the Borough’s Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs). The list, updated in July 2005, includes the sites of Hempshill Hall (Site 5/27: an area of woodland, ponds, parkland, trees and neutral grassland); and Hempshill roundabout (Site 2/316: an interesting grassland with several notable features). These two sites, both type B, are affected by policies E12d and E16 of the Broxtowe Local Plan (see Section 2.0).

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Timescales used in this report are as follows.

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 BC - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 BC - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 BC - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 BC - 600 BC Iron Age 600 BC - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 AD Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 AD Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 AD Post Medieval AD 1485 - 1700 AD Industrial AD 1700 - 1900 AD Modern AD 1900 - Present

4.1.1 An examination of data provided by the Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (NHER) and published sources shows that one recorded archaeological site (HER No.: M2079) possibly exists within the actual area of the proposed development site. In total there are five Nottinghamshire HER entries (see Appendix 1) listed within a 500 m radius of the site (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1). It is the aim of this assessment to review the data available for the study area and to use this to construct a predictive model of the site’s archaeological potential.

4.1.2 The proposed development site lies c. 800 m from the eastern boundary of the Nuthall Conservation Area (established in 1977), which extends as far east as the M1. The Conservation Area (Area 11, as defined in Appendix 5 of the Broxtowe Local Plan) is focused upon St Patrick’s Church and the nearby Georgian Rectory and also includes a large lake and the remains of the former Nuthall Temple Estate. The distinctive row of terraced cottages on Nottingham Road forms a central feature of the Conservation Area.

4.1.3 The NHER listings generally do not include listed buildings. Appendix 6 of the Broxtowe Local Plan lists all of the Borough’s ancient monuments and listed buildings, together with their grade and date. In total there are 14 listed buildings in Nuthall, of which two are Grade II* and the remainder are Grade II. All of the medieval, post-medieval and Industrial-period listed buildings of the Nuthall Conservation Area are obscured from the site by modern embanked roads.

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4.1.4 Three Grade II listed buildings are located within a 500 m radius of the proposed development site. These are the 16th-century Hempshill Hall, Hempshill Farmhouse; and Hempshill barn and stable, all of which are located only a few metres from site boundary. All of the listed buildings are partially visible from the proposed site (see plates 1, 2 and 5).

4.2 Prehistoric (- AD 43)

4.2.1 Very little is known of the prehistory and early history of the Nuthall area. No Prehistoric HER entries are recorded within a 500 m radius of the site or the Nuthall area.

4.2.2 The only evidence found for prehistory in the wider area includes the discovery of Palaeolithic artefacts from the Beeston Sands and Gravels (Knight and Howard 2004, 17); and a stone axe-hammer of micaceous grit, found in the 19th century in Wollaton Park (Evans 1872, 202-4).

4.3 Roman (AD 43 -410)

4.3.1 No HER records of Roman date are recorded within a 500 m radius of the proposed development site.

4.3.2 The Trent Valley, to the south of Nuthall, is crossed by an elaborate network of Roman roads, which would originally have linked a series of forts extending along the Trent and north-westwards. A Roman fort or marching camp is known from somewhere in the Broxtowe area (Knight & Howard 2004, 131; Oswald 1938, 6-17).

4.4 Saxon/Early Medieval (AD 410- 1066)

4.4.1 The name of Nuthall is clearly Anglo-Saxon or Old English in origin and comes from ‘on hnutu hĕale’, meaning 'in the nut valley, in the vale where the nuts grow'; and similar names are quoted in old English charters (Mutschmann 1913, 101). The village has been variously known over time as Nutehale (1086), Nuttehale (1202), Notehall (1284), Notehale (1302), Notehall (1316), Notehale (1428) and Nuthall (from 1442) (Mutschmann 1913, 101; Gover et al 1940, 149).

4.4.2 The name of Hempshill is also of Saxon origin. The first element has the appearance of a man’s name. The second is either from ‘setl’ (western Saxon), or ‘seoel, seld’ (northern Saxon), meaning ‘seat, abode, residence’; or from ‘hyll’, meaning ‘hill’

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(Mutschmann 1913, 68). Ekwall (1991) favours the interpretation of a man’s name and a hill. The suffix ‘hem’ may derive from ‘ham’, meaning ‘a home’ and ‘sell’ from the Anglo Saxon for a ‘cottage.’ It would thus mean a “cottage home”.

4.4.3 No Saxon Royal Charters are recorded for Hempshill, Greasley or Nuthall (Sawyer 1968).

4.4.4 There are no Saxon / early medieval HER records recorded within 500 m of the proposed development site.

4.5 Medieval (AD 1066-1485)

4.5.1 There is one medieval HER record listed within a 500 m radius of the site (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1). This relates to the recorded Deserted Medieval Village (DMV) of Hempshill (HER No.: M2079) (see 4.5.2 below).

4.5.2 The medieval village of Hempshill (HER No.: M2079) was situated somewhere in Hempshill but is now unlocated. The ADS locates the site of the former DMV, as well as the church mentioned in Domesday at NGR SK 525 441. This records the site as below the housing estate of Hempshill Vale (Ref. 317940), possibly very close to the eastern extremity of Area 1 of the proposed development site, close to Hempshill Farm. Beresford and Hurst (1989, 200) give the same six-figure grid reference (see Figure 3).

4.5.3 Hempshill was recorded as ‘Hamessel’ at Domesday. Held by William Peverel, it had land for one plough, two freemen, two villagers and two smallholders with two ploughs (Morris 1977, 10, 50). There were also four acres of underwood or small woodland

(silva minuta) (Page 1906, 271). The woodland lay partly in Bulwell and partly in Watnall.

4.5.4 The Torre Manuscripts record a chantry chapel in Hindeshall (Hempshill) in 1240, which was granted by Hugh Fitz Ralph (patron) and Hugh de Cressy (Rector of Greasley church) to Sir Robert de Vavasour and his heirs (Baron Von Hube 1901, 25). Nothing is known of the chapel after that date. Based on earlier sources, Wilkinson (1942, 72) recorded it as Hempshill (Greasley) Chapel, for which the site was uncertain or unknown.

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4.5.5 The existence of a medieval mill located somewhere between Nuthall and Hempshill was recorded by Thoroton in 1677 (253). Agatha de Cokefield, Lady of Nuthall, gave Nuthale Mill, situated on the rivulet between Nuthall and Henedeshill (Hempshill), to the Priory of Lenton. There is a suggestion that this location may relate to the parish boundary and stream running along the southern boundary of the proposed development site (see 4.7.14 below). The Cokefields were lords of Nuthall Manor for c. 200 years and documents show that they were the possessors in 1206 (Gill 1906, 5).

4.5.6 Thoroton also recorded that Galf. de St. Patricio, Knight, gave his ‘Church of Nuthale’ to the Priory of Lenton, which Roger, Archbishop of York confirmed, followed by Pope Lucius (Thoroton 1677, 252). Nothing remains of this church.

4.5.7 The Grade II* listed Parish Church of St. Patrick's in Nuthall was built of local limestone in the late 13th century. Part of the original rectangular tower survives (Gill 1906, 2). Much of the remainder dates to c. 1400 (Pevsner & Williamson 1979, 280). The upper portion of the tower was taken down and rebuilt in the middle of the 18th century. The window over the west door was inserted when the church was restored in 1884.

4.5.8 Two 14th century parks are recorded at Greasley (1339) and Nuthall (1334). The latter park was owned by John de Cokefield (Cantor 1983, 58).

4.6 Post Medieval (AD 1485-1700)

4.6.1 There are two post-medieval HER records listed within a 500 m radius of the site. These relate to the Grade II listed Hempshill Hall (HER No.: M9996), which probably dates from the 16th century (see 4.6.3 below); and Grade II listed Hempshill Hall Farmhouse (HER No.: M12692), which may be broadly contemporary (see 4.6.3 below), (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1).

4.6.2 A post mortem inquisition held (vide W. P. W. Phillimore), at Trowell on the 12th of November, 1488, concerning the properties held by Robert Strelley, Knight, included 10 oxgangs of land at Hemshel, which were held previously by the Prior of Beauvale.

4.6.3 Hempshill Hall, a Grade II listed country house, possibly dates from c. 1500, according to the NHER (HER No.: M9996). The hall has a 17th-century timber frame throughout, possibly adapted from an earlier building (Pevsner 1979). The hall may have been associated with a considerable park. The adjacent Grade II listed farmhouse building

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(HER No.: M12692) is of 17th and early 18th century date, with early 19th century alterations, but may also have earlier origins.

4.6.4 In the 16th century, the more considerable part of Hemshel (Hempshill), including the hall, belonged to the Strelley family and gave the name to the fourth son of Sir Nicholas Strelley, Henry of Hempsell, who died in 1560/1 (Holden 1906, 10). They, like many other landed proprietors had taken their name from their chief manor.

4.6.5 In 1677, Thoroton recorded two or three houses at Hempshill. One was a house with grounds that previously belonged to the Willoughby’s (of Wollaton Hall) and was inherited by the Shepheard family. The Sacheverells are also recorded as holding property at Hempshill, which was later purchased by the Aescoughs. Hempshill was owned by Lord Wentworth at that time (Thoroton 1677, 250; Baron Von Hube 1901, 28).

4.7 Industrial (AD 1700-1900)

4.7.1 There are three Industrial period HER records listed within a 500 m radius of the site, all of which relate to extant buildings, one of which is Grade II listed (see Figure 3 and Appendix 1). The HER records relate to the listed Hempshill Hall barn and stable (HER No.: M12693); to the former Lodge of Hempshill Hall (HER No.: M17260) (see 4.7.11 below); and to Horsendale Farm (HER No.: M17262) (see 4.7.11 below).

4.7.2 Nuthall Temple was built between 1754 and 1757 by the architect and astronomer Thomas Wright for Sir Charles Sedley and was designed as a Palladian villa. The idea of the Temple was taken from Palladio’s celebrated Villa Capra, near Vicenza in Italy. Three other houses in England were built on the same model: Chiswick House in Middlesex; and Footscray Place and Mereworth Castle, both in Kent. The building replaced an older building called Nut Hall, but is not on the same site (Holden 1906, 8). Nuthall Temple was sold to pay death duties in 1926. Attempts to sell it again in 1929 failed and it was demolished a few years later. The M1 now lies over the temple site (Weir 1991, 60; Pevsner & Williamson 1979, 280). All that remains today are the castellated Gothic Summerhouse and the Gate Pier, which are both Grade II listed buildings. The Gate Pier stands next to the forecourt of the Three Ponds Public House on Kimberley Road. The Summerhouse and Gate Pier were constructed from local stone, and the quarried land was naturally filled by the Nuthall stream, forming three separate ponds. Only one of the original ponds remains.

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4.7.3 The Old Rectory (Grade II listed) next to St. Patrick's church was constructed in 1761. Dwellings located between this property and where the motorway now crosses were constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries. A row of terraced houses remain on Nottingham Road. At the end of the row is the former village reading room, opened by Reverend Robert Holden in 1876.

4.7.4 In 1765 a fatal duel was fought between William Chaworth of Annesley Hall and the 5th Lord Byron, regarding the disputed owner of the Hempshill Hall, Sir Charles Sedley (Hadfield 1988).

4.7.5 The turnpike system of roads reached Nottinghamshire during the end of the first quarter of the 18th century. A document of 1764 opposing a proposed new road, shows that a turnpike road from Nottingham to Alfreton was already in existence at that time (Cossons 1934a, 17). This was the Nottingham Road, which originally passed the gatehouse to Hempshill Hall and on through Nuthall. The turnpike road from Nottingham to Alfreton via Nuthall was passed in an Act of 1758-9 and abandoned in 1854-5. A spur road was established from Nuthall to Derby in an Act of 1763-4, which expired in 1876 (Cossons 1934b, 39).

4.7.6 Chapman’s 1774, 1” map of Nottinghamshire shows Hempshill to the east of Nuthall but is at too small a scale to show any other detail (Figure 5).

4.7.7 Nuthall Park was one of a number of new parks that were established at the end of the 18th century. The vast majority of these were created as a result of the lesser gentry taking in hand and improving their own lands surrounding their ancestral seats. At the same time, their houses were often enlarged or re-sited.

4.7.8 A plan of Nuthall Temple and village dating to 1817 shows the area of the proposed development site as owned by ‘G.W. Wentworth Esq’. This is the same Godfrey Wentworth, who sold the Hempshill estate to the Reverend Padley in 1828. On the plan, the buildings of Hempshill Hall and farm are schematically (but erroneously) included within the area of the proposed development site (Figure 6).

4.7.9 The David & Charles OS 1st edition of the 1" Survey, surveyed between 1818 and 1838 (with later railway additions), appears to show the southern and north-eastern site boundaries coinciding with one or more parish boundaries. These boundaries possibly show the annexing of Hempshill from Greasley Parish (see 4.7.15 below). Hempshill Hall and farm are not named but are visible to the north (Figure 7).

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4.7.10 On January 11th 1828, Bulwell Manor and Avowson, together with Hempshill Hall and certain farm lands forming the Hempshill Estate, were conveyed to the Reverend Alfred Padley by Godfrey Wentworth Esq. The estate comprised 395 acres, 2 roods, and 26 perches for the sum of £19,253. The southern boundary of the estate was Alfreton Road and the Eastern boundary, the road from the Cinderhill toll-gate to Bulwell. Hempshill Hall and farm were afterwards resold to Robert Holden. A collection of correspondence dating from June 1837 to December 1838, held by NRO relates to the sale of Hempshill Hall by Reverend Padley. The letters document Padley’s refusal to complete the sale of the property, following the discovery of coal deposits below the hall at that time. Legal proceedings followed, forcing Padley to complete the sale (NRO Ref.: DDH 1590).

4.7.11 Sanderson’s 1835 map of the area twenty miles around Mansfield names Upper Hempshill (including the area of the proposed development site) as part of Greasley Parish (Figure 8). The area of the site is shown as undeveloped hilly land with trees, surrounding Hempshill Hall and Farm. The Lodge of Hempshill Hall (HER No.: M17260) is shown on the Nottingham Road. Nuthall Temple is shown to the west of the site. Horsendale Farm (HER No.: M17262), located c. 350 m to the south of the proposed development site, possibly relates to the series of buildings visible at Horse Hill Dale.

4.7.12 Cinderhill Colliery, of the Babbington Coal Co. (Basford, Nottingham) was previously located just over a kilometre to the east of the proposed development site. Cinderhill was the first pit sunk into the Nottinghamshire concealed coal seam between 1841 and 1843 (Franks 2000, 11). The pit was developed by Thomas North, who also built 28 miles of private railway line. After the pit closed in 1986, the Phoenix Business Centre was developed on the site (www.healeyhero.co.uk).

4.7.13 In the early-mid 1800s, Nuthall was a small rural village on the Alfreton Road. Robert Holden Esq. was lord of the manor and principal landowner (Sutton 1852, 130; White 1853). Hempshill was described as a 50 acre-estate owned by the Rev’d. A. Padley within Greasley Parish, though separated from it by Nuthall and Bulwell. Hempshill Hall at that time was described as a neat and picturesque mansion four miles north-west of Nottingham, a short distance on the right from the turnpike road to Alfreton. It was the seat of George Bacon Esq.' (White 1832; White 1841; White 1853).

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4.7.14 The 1846 tithe map of Nuthall Parish (Figure 9) shows the boundary with Greasley Parish, which also forms the southern boundary of the proposed development site. Because the site lay within Greasley Parish at that time, no details of the site’s use are included. However, it is possible to discern something of the general area from the tithe apportionments relating to the area to the south of the site (NRO Ref.: AT 99/2A):

• 107: Lower Brook Furlong (arable); owned by Wm. Faulconbridge; occupied by Henry Houghton; • 108: Mill Close (arable); owned by Wm. Faulconbridge; occupied by Henry Houghton. The name of this field and its location to the immediate south of the stream delineating the former boundary between the parishes of Nuthall and Greasley, may be significant: the former existence of a medieval mill called Nuthale Mill, situated on the rivulet running between these two parishes, was recorded by Thoroton in 1677 (see 4.5.5 above). • 109/110: Lodge and garden; owned by Robert Holden; occupied by Henry Houghton; • 111: Hill Close (meadow); owned by Robert Holden; occupied by Henry Houghton; • 112: West Cinders (arable); owned by Robert Holden; occupied by Luke Houghton.

4.7.15 No enclosure map survives for Greasley Parish. The surviving enclosure award was examined for details of the Hempshill Estate, but none were found. Likewise, a number of mid-19th century survey maps and tracings of Greasley Parish were examined, but none were found to include the area of Hempshill, which was geographically separated from the remainder of Greasley Parish, until it became part of Nuthall Parish in 1877. Hadfield (1988) records that Hempshill was originally priory land and that its pastures were enclosed during the 16th century; and that the open fields next to Nuthall were enclosed between 1660 and 1680.

4.7.16 In 1864, Hempshill Hall was a ‘neat and pleasantly situated mansion’ and the residence of William Cope Esq. The ‘other resident’ (presumably of the attached farmhouse) was Mr Thomas Houghton, farmer (White 1864, 618).

4.7.17 The 1879-1890, 1:2,500 OS map of the proposed development site (Figure 10) shows a County and Civil Parish boundary extending along the northern boundary of Area 3 of the proposed development site. The boundary extends westwards to the north of Hempshill Hall and turns 90° northwards, extending along the eastern boundary of

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Area 1, to the west of Hempshill Farm. Area 1 contains a footpath inside the northern boundary (which is still in public use today); and a number of trees along the western boundary. A pump is marked in the south-eastern corner. Area 2 contains a small field in its north-eastern corner. A tree-lined sluice extends into the area from the western side and the same feature forms the northern and eastern boundaries of Area 2. Two weirs are marked here. Area 3 of the proposed development site has a narrow strip of woodland running along the northern boundary. A number of trees are also visible within the remainder of the area. The southern boundary of Area 3 of the proposed development site on the 1879-1890 OS map is formed by the continuation of the sluice, which extends eastwards from the site towards Cinderhill. Another weir and a large fish pond are also shown at the south-western corner of Area 3. No other features are visible on the area of the proposed development site. A tree-lined track leading to Hempshill Hall and farm (and still in existence) extends between areas 2 and 3. Hempshill Lodge is shown at the southern end of the track. The same features are shown on the area of the proposed development site on the 1885, 1:10,560 map (Figure 11).

4.7.18 At the end of the 19th century, Hempshill and the manor was in the ownership of John Holden, of Nuthall Temple. The Rev. J. Godber also had an estate in Hempshill (White 1894, 40; Baron Von Hube, 1901). In 1894, Hempshill Hall was occupied by farmers Henry and John Houghton (White 1894, 40).

4.8 Modern (AD 1900 – present)

4.8.1 There are no modern HER records within a 500m radius of the proposed development site.

4.8.2 The 1900, 1:2,500 OS map (Figure 12) of the proposed development site shows no changes to the 1879-1890, 1:2,500 OS map (see 4.7.17 above). The only differences visible on the site relate to the absence of most of the trees from the site: those shown along the site boundaries, the sluice, and in Area 3 are no longer present - with the exception of the strip of woodland along the northern boundary. The track leading to Hempshill Hall is marked as a bridle road. The same features are also shown on the 1901, 1:10,560 map (not shown).

4.8.3 The 1908 one-inch OS map published by Bruff (1990) and surveyed between 1876 and 1882, clearly shows the parish boundary extending around the northern part of the site (Figure 13).

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4.8.4 No further changes to the proposed development site are visible on the 1915, 1:2,500 OS map (not shown); the 1920-1921, 1:10,560 OS map (Figure 14); or the 1938, 1:10,560 map (Figure 15).

4.8.5 The 1955-1960, 1:2,500 OS map (Figure 16) of the proposed development site shows a small number of changes to the site. These include a change to the sluice, which appears to have been culverted at this time, with the weirs no longer marked on the map. An area of new marshland and osiers is also visible to the south of the sluice, in Area 2. The eastern edge of Area 3 is defined by a new strip of woodland, which was probably planted to reduce visibility to the adjacent quarry pits and spoil tips associated with Cinderhill Colliery.

4.8.6 The Hempshill Vale housing estate to the immediate north of the proposed development site first appears on the 1954-1974, 1: 2,500 map (not shown), although subsequent maps (1955, 1:10,560; 1967, 1:10,560; 1969, 1:1,250 (Figure 17); 1971, 1:2,500; and the 1973, 1:10,000 map (which are not shown)), suggest that the development dates to c. 1972. The more recent maps show that the pond in Area 3 was substantially enlarged and landscaped in about 1969. The A610 road to the immediate south of the proposed development site was also constructed at this time. A number of trees appear on maps in Area 3 around this time but the majority of these had gone by c. 1984.

4.8.7 In 1979, Hempshill Hall had a roughcast façade to a much-altered and extended 17th century house. The only old features visible at that time were two buttresses against the southern wall. Only the garden remained of what was once probably a considerable park. Number 129, Nottingham Road is the former lodge (HER No.: M17260), (Pevsner & Williamson 1979, 281). Hempshill hall was in ruins in 2003 but was restored in c. 2007.

4.9 Summary

4.9.1 Hempshill Manor, Hall and estate has a history of change of ownership since Domesday, when it was owned by William Peverell in 1086. The manor then passed to Beauvale Carthusian Priory until 1488, when it was the seat of Sir Robert Strelley. In the 16th century, the Sacheverells, the Ascoughs; the Willoughbys of Wollaton Hall and Lord Wentworth were all major landowners in Hempshill, although it is not clear who owned the hall. Hempshill’s pastures were enclosed during the 16th century. In 1765,

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the proprietor of the hall was Charles Sedley, who also owned Nuthall Temple. In 1828, Hempshill Hall and the Hempshill Estate were granted to the Rev’d Alfred Padley, who re-sold it to Robert Holden in 1838. Holden held the hall and estate until at least 1853. Upon his death it passed to John Holden. In 1864, Hempshill Hall was the residence of William Cope and Thomas Houghton. In 1894 it was occupied by farmers Henry and John Houghton, presumably the sons of Thomas Houghton. In the late 20th century, the hall was occupied by the family of Councillor Arthur F. Roberts, Lord Mayor of Nottingham in 1967/68.

4.9.2 No prehistoric HER events are recorded within a 500 m radius of the site. The potential for archaeological remains of the prehistoric period on the site is therefore considered to be low.

4.9.3 There are no HER records of Roman activity within a 500 m radius of the site. The potential for archaeological remains of the Roman period on the site is therefore considered to be low.

4.9.4 No Saxon / early medieval sites are recorded within a 500 m radius of the site. The potential for archaeological remains of the Saxon/early medieval period on the site is considered to be low.

4.9.5 There is one medieval HER record listed within a 500 m radius of the site. This relates to the documented DMV of Hempshill, the site of which is unconfirmed. In addition, there is some potential for the southern part of the site (particularly area 2) to contain the remains of a medieval mill that were documented by Thoroton in 1677, although this may have been destroyed by the construction of the A610 road. The potential for archaeological remains of the medieval period on the proposed development site is therefore considered to be high.

4.9.6 There are two post-medieval HER records listed within a 500 m radius of the site. These records relate the Hempshill Hall and Hempshill Farmhouse, both of which are Grade II listed buildings. It is not known whether the hall or the farmhouse ever had subsidiary buildings that extended onto the area of the proposed development site. Therefore, the potential for archaeological remains of the post-medieval period on the proposed development site is considered to be medium.

4.9.7 There are three Industrial HER records listed within a 500 m radius of the site, all of which relate to extant buildings, one of which is Grade II listed. The closest Industrial-

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period buildings to the site are the Grade II listed, early 18th-century barn and stable associated with Hempshill Farm (HER No.: M12693). It is not known whether other farm buildings ever extended onto the area of the proposed development site. Therefore, the potential for archaeological remains of the Industrial period on the proposed development site is considered to be medium.

4.9.8 There are no Modern period HER records listed within a 500 m radius of the site. Consequently, the potential for modern archaeological remains on the site is considered to be low.

4.9.9 There are no listed buildings within the actual site boundary. However, the Grade II listed Hempshill Hall, the Grade II listed Hempshill Farmhouse; and the Grade II listed Hempshill barn and stable are all situated immediately adjacent to the proposed development site. Two of the listed buildings are early post-medieval in origin and the others date to the Industrial period. There is some degree of inter-visibility between the listed buildings and the site, although the impact of this is lessened by the existence of mature trees and woodland.

4.9.10 The proposed development site contains a number of historic hedgerows possibly associated with the pre-1775 Greasley Parish boundary (formerly located along part of the southern boundary of areas 2 and 3). These hedgerows may qualify as ‘important’ under Criteria 1 and 5a of the Hedgerow Regulations (1997). The absence of a Greasley enclosure map in the County Record Office makes this impossible to confirm however.

4.9.11 The hedgerows associated with the revised Nuthall Parish boundary, established in 1877 (along the eastern edge of Area 1 and the northern edge of Area 3) mark a historic boundary that is post-1850; and also mark the boundary of modern dwellings. Therefore they do not qualify under the 1997 regulations.

4.9.12 Other potentially ‘important’ hedgerows on the site may qualify under Criteria 4, as they are visibly related and/or possibly form the boundary of a pre-1600 AD estate or manor. The potentially ‘important’ hedgerows are shown on Figure 18.

4.9.13 There are no Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Historic Battlefields, Scheduled Ancient Monuments; or Conservation Areas recorded within a 500 m radius of the site.

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5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 The site is accessed via the private road to Hempshill Hall and Farm, off the A6002 road. A site visit and walkover survey was undertaken by CgMs on 18 March 2008, to examine the topography of the site and to identify any previously unrecorded above- ground archaeology. In addition, the current land use was noted in order to determine what, if any, further fieldwork might be appropriate; and detailed observations were made on hedgerows. During the site visit, notes were made and photographs were taken of the site and its surrounding area (see plates 1-8). No archaeological artefacts were recovered from the site or its environs during the site visit, although a number of topographical anomalies were observed on the site. These are described in more detail below.

5.1.2 The proposed development site is located at c. 65 m AOD and contains distinct changes in level. Area 1, under pasture, essentially contained a valley aligned north/south that sloped steeply down from the eastern and western boundaries to the centre of the field (plates 1 and 2). The southern end of the field, which was rounded, formed a basin. A level change of c. 4 m was estimated between the base of the ‘valley’ and the highest, south-eastern edge of the field. No discrete earthworks such as house platforms or ridge and furrow were identified. The ‘valley’ may represent the remains of a former natural stream bed.

5.1.3 Area 2 north, also under pasture, sloped down slightly from north to south, towards the wide, shallow stream that delineated the southern boundary (Plate 3). The main part of Area 2, to the south of the stream, was slightly raised next to the southern boundary, alongside the A610 road (plates 4 and 5). The modern road is raised a considerable height above Area 2, truncating the former bridleway and obscuring Hempshill Hall Lodge. An area of waterlogged ground in Area 2 corresponds with a marshland area shown on the 1955-1960 OS map (see Figure 16).

5.1.4 Area 3, under pasture, contained the most significant changes in slope visible across the proposed development site (plates 6-8). The highest part of Area 3 was the north-western corner. This area, which contained the demolished remains of a limestone wall, corresponds to the site of a small building and the entrance to a farm track visible on late 19th century maps. Area 3 sloped down steeply towards the south- eastern corner and to the pond located on the southern boundary. A modern raised culvert was observed as an earthwork close to the pond.

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5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 Although plans have yet to be finalised, it is understood that the site will be the subject of a future planning application for a residential development, in line with the Broxtowe Local Plan and developing Local Development Framework.

6.0 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 This desk-based assessment has established that, since the 11th century, Hempshill was the site of a small hamlet (recorded as a deserted medieval village on the HER) and a church. The exact location of these monuments is unknown, although it has been suggested that they were subsumed by the Hempshill Vale housing estate, which was built in the 1970s, prior to PPG16. If this is the case, it is fair to assume that, since the 11th century, the proposed development site has been utilised as farmland and possibly parkland associated with Hempshill Hall and farm. There is some potential for the southern part of the site (particularly area 2) to contain the remains of a medieval mill that were documented in 1677, although this may have been destroyed by the construction of the A610 road.

6.2 The assessment has established that the site has the following archaeological potential: Prehistoric - low Roman - low Saxon/early medieval - low Medieval – high Post-medieval - medium Industrial - medium Modern – low

6.3 If planning permission were to be granted for the development of the site, any development would need to carefully consider the potential impact on the settings of the adjacent listed buildings associated with Hempshill Hall and farm. The potential impact on the historic hedgerows should also be a consideration.

6.4 It is also recommended that further archaeological investigation be conducted on the site, following the staged approach recommended within PPG 16. Initially, this could take the form of a topographical and geophysical survey of the site. Depending on the results, archaeological trial trenching and/or open area excavation may be required by the Local Planning Authority.

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7.0 SOURCES CONSULTED

Abbreviations used in this report:

HER: Historic Environment Record RCHME: Royal Commission on Historical Monuments SSEW: SOIL SURVEY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.

Bibliographic

AITKENHEAD, N. et.al., 2002. British Regional Geology: The Pennines and Adjacent Areas. Nottingham: British Geological Survey 4th ed.

ANON, 1941.Kelly’s Directory of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire & Rutland. London: Kelly’s Directories.

BERESFORD, M AND FINBERG, H.P.R., 1973. English Medieval Boroughs: A Hand-list. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.

BERESFORD, M. & HURST, J.G., 1989. Deserted Medieval Villages. Gloucester: Alan Sutton: 200

BRUFF, B., 1990. The Village Atlas: The Growth of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire 1834-1904. London: The Village Press

CANTOR, LEONARD, 1983. The Medieval Parks of England: A Gazetteer. Loughborough: Loughborough University of Technology.

COSSONS, A., 1934a. The Turnpike Roads of Nottinghamshire. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd.

COSSONS, A., 1934b. Coaching Days: The Turnpike Roads of Nottinghamshire. West Bridgford: Nottinghamshire County Council, 1994 rep.

EDWARDS, K.C., 1944. The Land of Britain. The Report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain: Part 60 - Nottinghamshire. London: Geographical Publications Ltd.

EKWALL, E. 1991. The Concise Dictionary of English Place-names. 4th Edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, 1987. Register of Parks and Gardens of special historic interest. Part 33, Nottinghamshire.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, c. 1994. Register of Historic Battlefields. London: English Heritage.

ENGLISH HERITAGE. 1992. County List of Scheduled Monuments: Nottinghamshire London: English Heritage.

EVANS, J. 1897. The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain. London and Bombay: Longmans.

FRANKS, A. 2000. Nottinghamshire Collieries in Old Picture Postcards. Reflections of a Bygone Age: Keyworth.

GILL, H. 1906. Nuthall Church. Transactions of the Thoroton Society, 10: 1-8.

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GOVER, J.E.B., MAWER, A. AND STENTON, F. M. 1940. The Place-Names of Nottinghamshire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

HADFIELD, R. 1988. Nuthall Temple; Supplement 12: The Open Fields at Nuthall and Surrounding Parishes.

HODGE, C.A.H. et al., 1984. Soils and Their Use in Eastern England. Harpenden: Soil Survey of England and Wales.

HOLDEN, MRS. Nuthall Temple, Transactions of the Thoroton Society, 10: 8-9.

HUBE, R.B.V., 1901. Griseleia in Snotinghscire: An Illustrated History of The Parish and Parish Church of Greasley and Priory of Beauvale, with the hamlets of Hemshel, Newthorpe, Moorgreen and Beauvale and the townships of Kimberley and Brinsley. Nottingham: Murray’s Nottingham Book Company.

KNIGHT, D. & HOWARD, A.J., 2004. Trent Valley Landscapes. King’s Lynn: Heritage Marketing. LOWE, R., 1798. General View of the Agriculture of the County of Nottingham. London: G. Nicol.

MEANEY, A., 1964. A Gazetteer of Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Sites. London: George Allen & Unwin.

MELLORS, R. 1914. Old Nottingham Suburbs Then And Now.

MORRIS, J., 1977. Domesday Book 28: Nottinghamshire. Chichester: Phillimore.

MUTSCHMANN, H., 1913. The Place-Names of Nottinghamshire: Their origin and development. Cambridge: CUP.

OSWALD, A. 1938. Excavations at Ad Pontem, 1937-8. Transactions of the Thoroton Society XLII: 1-14.

PAGE, W. ed., 1906. The Victoria History of the County of Nottingham Volume One. London: Constable and Company.

PEARCE, G. et.al. 1990. The Conservation Areas in the East of England. London: English Heritage.

PEVSNER, N. & WILLIAMSON, E., 1979. The Buildings of England Nottinghamshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books 2nd ed. 1979.

RAGG, J.M. et. al., 1984. Soils and their use in Midland and Western England. Bulletin 12. Harpenden: Soil Survey of England and Wales.

SAWYER, P.H. 1968. Anglo-Saxon Charters: an annotated list and bibliography. London: Royal Historical Society.

SSEW. 1:250 000. Sheet 4: Eastern England and Legend

SUTTON, J.F., 1852. The Date Book of Remarkable and Memorable Events connected with Nottingham and its Neighbourhood 1750-1850. London: Simpkin & Marshall.

TATE, WE & TURNER ME. 1978. A Domesday of English Enclosure Acts and Awards.

THOROTON, R., 1677. The Antiquities of Nottinghamshire. Edited and Enlarged by John Throsby 1790-1796. Facsimile edition 1972. Wakefield: EP Publishing.

Desk-Based Assessment of Land Adjacent to Nuthall Roundabout (M1 / Junction 26) Nottingham

WEIR, C., 1986. A Prospect of Nottinghamshire: historical aspects of the rural landscape. Nottingham: Nottinghamshire Local History Association.

WHITE, W., 1832. History, Gazetteer and Directory of Nottinghamshire. Sheffield: W. White.

WHITE, F. & J., 1844. History, Directory and Gazetteer of Nottinghamshire and of the Port of Gainsborough. Sheffield: F. & J. White.

WHITE, F., 1853. History, Directory and Gazetteer of Nottinghamshire. Sheffield: F. White & Co.

WHITE, F., 1864. History, Gazetteer and Directory of Nottinghamshire. Sheffield: Francis White.

WHITE, W., 1894. History, Gazetteer and Directory of Nottinghamshire. Sheffield: William White.

WILKINSON, R.F., (1942) The Ruined and Lost Churches of Nottinghamshire. Transactions of the Thoroton Society 46: 66-72.

WOOD, A.C., 1947. A History of Nottinghamshire. Nottingham: The Thoroton Society.

YOUNGS, R., H., S., 1979. Local Administration Units of England. Volume II: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society.

Cartographic

• Location map 1:25,000. • Site Plan (not to scale). • Nottinghamshire HER data 1:12500 (NCC). • 1695. Robert Morden’s map of Nottinghamshire. DD4/FO4. • 1774. Chapman’s Map of Nottinghamshire. 1” = 1 mile. • 1775. Copy of Greasley Enclosure award. NRO Ref.: DDLM 159/4-5. • 1817. Plan of Nuthall Temple and Village. NRO Ref.: DDE 60/1. • 1817. Sale Catalogue for Nuthall Temple and Village. NRO Ref.: DD 713/19. • 1825. Plan of Greasley Parish by Henry Sayer. NRO Ref.: P12/4. • 1835. Sanderson’s map of twenty miles around Mansfield. • 1836 and 1839 engravings of 1818-1838 surveys, with railways additions. David & Charles reprint of OS 1st edition of the 1" Survey. Sheet 35. • 1845. Map of Selston and Greasley. NRO Ref.: SE1L. • 1846. Nuthall Tithe map. NRO ref.: AT99/2A. • 1848. Greasley tithe award. NRO Ref.: DDLM 199/9 • 1848. Map of Greasley by W. Booker. NRO Ref.: DDLM P12/5. • 1853. Tracing of Greasley Parish. NRO Ref.: GR 1L0. • N.d. Greasley Survey. NRO Ref.: DDLM 187/5/1. • 1834-1904. OS 1” series. BRUFF, B., 1990. The Village Atlas: The Growth of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire. London: The Village Press. 1879-1890. • 1879-1890 OS map. Source - 1:2,500. • 1885 OS map. Source - 1:10,560. • 1897 Village Atlas. Surveyed 1876-82. • 1900 OS map. Source - 1:2,500. • 1901. Source map scale - 1:10,560. • 1915. Source map scale - 1:2,500. • 1920-21 OS map. Source - 1:10,560. • 1938 OS map. Source - 1:10,560. • 1954-74. Source map scale - 1:1,250.

Desk-Based Assessment of Land Adjacent to Nuthall Roundabout (M1 / Junction 26) Nottingham

• 1955. Source map scale - 1:10,560. • 1955-1960. Source map scale - 1:2,500. • 1967. Source map scale - 1:10,560. • 1969 OS map. Source - 1:1,250. • 1971. Source map scale - 1:2,500. • 1973. Source map scale - 1:10,000. • 1975. Source map scale - 1:2,500. • 1975 OS map. Source - 1:1,250. • 1983-90. Source map scale - 1:10,000. • 1984-1986 OS map. Source - 1:1,250. • 1989. Source map scale - 1:2,500. • 1989 OS map. Source - 1:1,250. • 1993 OS map. Source - 1:1,250. • 1994 OS map. Source - 1:1,250. • 2000. Source map scale - 1:10,000. • 2007. Source map scale - 1:10,000.

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APPENDIX 1

Gazetteer of HER Entries within 500 m of the site

Mon NGR Distance Description Period No. from site M2079 452500 Within site / Deserted Medieval Village of Hempshill: Medieval: 344100 adjacent? recorded by Beresford & Hurst (1989). In use from c. Thoroton recorded 2 or 3 houses in the 17th 1066-1546 century. Also Hempshill (Greasley) chapel, which is unlocated (Wilkinson 1942). No trace of either is visible on the ground or on aerial photographs. M9996 452540 Immediately Hempshill Hall: Grade II listed country Post-Medieval: 344040 adjacent house. The hall has a 17th century timber In use from c. frame throughout, possibly adapted from 1500-2000 an earlier building (Pevsner 1979). M12692 452540 Immediately Hempshill Hall Farmhouse: Grade II listed Post-medieval: 344070 adjacent building of 17th and early 18th century date, In use from c. with early 19th century alterations. Relates 1600 - 2000 to farmstead shown at ‘Upper Hempsall’ by Sanderson in 1835. Rectangular building visible. M12693 452540 Immediately Barn & Stable: Threshing barn and Industrial: 344100 adjacent stable/outbuilding range to north of In use from c. Hempshill Hall Farm. Grade II listed 1735 - 2000 buildings of mid 18th and early 19th century date. Relate to u-shaped farmstead shown at ‘Upper Hempsall’ (Sanderson 1835). M17260 452426 c. 50 metres Former lodge of Hempshill Hall: now Industrial: 343875 to south located at 129 Nottingham Road. Unlisted In use from c. (not visible) building 1780 - 2000 M17262 452662 c. 350 m to Horsendale Farm: unlisted building. Industrial: 343457 south Formerly named Horse Hill Dale (Sanderson In use from c. (not visible) 1835). 1780 - 2000

Figures

Figure 1. Location map 1:25,000

Note : Map based upon Ordnance Survey with the sanction of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, Crown Copyright Reserved. Licence No. AL100014723

Figure 2. Site plan showing areas 1-3 (not to scale)

Figure 3. Nottinghamshire HER data, 1:12500 (after NCC)

Figure 4. Extract from Broxtowe Local Plan Proposal Map showing the area of the proposed development site and its relevant saved policies (www.broxtowe.gov.uk/media/)

Figure 5. 1774. Chapman’s map of Nottinghamshire

Figure 6. 1817. Plan of Nuthall Temple and Village. NRO Ref.: DDE 60/1

Figure 7.1818-1838 David & Charles OS 1st edition 1" map

Figure 8. 1835. Sanderson’s map of twenty miles around Mansfield.

Figure 9. 1846 Nuthall Tithe map (NRO ref.: AT99/2A)

Figure 10. 1879-1890 OS map. Source - 1:2,500

Figure 11. 1885 OS map. Source - 1:10,560

Figure 12. 1900 OS map. Source - 1:2,500

Figure 13. 1908 Village Atlas. Surveyed 1876-82

Figure 14. 1920-21 OS map. Source - 1:10,560

Figure 15. 1938 OS map. Source - 1:10,560

Figure 16. 1955-1960. Source map scale - 1:2,500

Note : Map based upon Ordnance Survey with the sanction of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, Crown Copyright Reserved. Licence No. AL100014723

Figure 17. 1969 OS map. Source - 1:1,250

Note : Map based upon Ordnance Survey with the sanction of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, Crown Copyright Reserved. Licence No. AL100014723

Figure 18. Potentially ‘Important’ Hedgerows (in green)

Plate 1. Area 1, looking east towards Hempshill Farm

Plate 2. Area 1, looking southeast towards Hempshill Farm and hall

Plate 3. Area 2 north, looking west

Plate 4. Area 2, looking east towards Area 3

Plate 5. Area 2, looking north over the weir, towards Hempshill Hall

Plate 6. Area 3, looking northeast towards Swigert Close

Plate 7. Area 3, looking northwest towards Hempshill Hall

Plate 8. Area 3, looking southeast towards the pond