Transcending Masculinity (Re)Reading Rocky …Thirty Years Later

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Transcending Masculinity (Re)Reading Rocky …Thirty Years Later Transcending Masculinity (Re)READING ROCKY …THIRTY YEARS LATER by Heather Collette-VanDeraa NOTIONS OF MASCULINITY have been an epoch’s need to explore an experience that discussed in film scholarship for decades, with as yet has not been adequately formulated and the genre of action films, particularly that thematized” (131). The ‘experience’ that has of the boxing film, providing a most fertile yet to be adequately formulated in Rocky is a ground for discourse. While Rocky (1976) did construction of masculinity that must adapt not inaugurate the genre, it remains one of the to, and reflect, the changing cultural climate of seminal films of not only the boxing genre, but working- and middle-class values in light of civil of all American films, providing an archetype rights and gender equality. In his struggle to of masculinity that spawned a franchise. Many achieve champion status, Rocky Balboa navigates and emotional development, both of which are of these films repeat a theme of triumph a new cultural terrain marked by a disruption of achieved through his interpersonal relationships. against all odds that relies on a negotiation and traditional gender roles. While the hard-body/ Rocky Balboa’s masculinity is marked by a assertion of masculinity in its most physical action genre of films has presented an arguably personal catharsis of emotional self-actualization (and often violent) forms. Jurgen Reeder (1995) homogenous class of masculine iconography, that transcends his raw physicality and role asserts that “these films seem to be a kind of Rocky can be deconstructed today in light of an as an underdog boxer. As any athlete will tell ritual where a seemingly identical dramatic historical re-reading to demonstrate a nuanced you, physical strength is enhanced by a mental structure is reiterated many times over…such representation of masculinity simultaneously and emotional fortitude, which develops in ritual repetition of dramatic themes express[es] embodied in the character’s physical strength Rocky primarily though the titular character’s MAY08 18 CSupdateW interpersonal relationships. Rocky’s development is still caught up in boxing and fighting, but he ...Rocky presents a nuanced, if both physically and emotionally is enhanced is attempting to prove himself as a man who somewhat sentimental, archetype through his relationships with principle love will not fight, in part due to the fact that he had of a man who must negotiate his interest, Adrian (Talia Shire), and boxing rival blinded his last opponent, something he feels masculinity through complex Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) as well as the strong remorse for. Therefore, his masculinity emotional relationships with others, other men, most notably the father-figure is, like Rocky Balboa’s, at least partly defined trainer, Mickey (Bergess Meredith), and Adrian’s by his humanity toward others. Although, like while simultaneously developing his brother Paulie (Burt Young). In contrast to views Rocky, both men must fight at some point to physical strength. expressed in other studies of the film, Rocky demonstrate that masculinity is only partly presents a nuanced, if somewhat sentimental, defined by humanity; it is subtextually implicit archetype of a man who must negotiate his in each of the fighting scenes in From Here to masculinity through complex emotional Eternity and Rocky that regardless of their own relationships with others, while simultaneously self-definition of manhood or personhood, it is (Frank Sinatra), who is ultimately killed. Pruett developing his physical strength. It is these the fight that will define them within the larger then avenges his friend’s murder by engaging relationships that frame the central plot of world they must inhabit. Pruett’s philosophy the perpetrator in a back alley knife fight, killing Rocky’s physical training and ultimate match in of masculinity is revealed when he states, “A him. In the end, it is WWII—the penultimate the boxing ring, which, unlike the interpersonal man should be what he can do,” punctuating fight—that provides the context for the most relationships, ends in ambivalent defeat. the fact that masculinity is a function of action sanctioned form of fighting. Fighting therefore and behavior—not how he feels, what he wants, must be contextualized in the spectacle of how he thinks, but what he does. Just as Pruett formalized boxing or war in order for it to be Fighting The Good Fight defines himself, and his masculinity, through his a redeemable masculine characteristic. Brute humanity and his role as a career soldier, Rocky force or violent tactics without justification Rocky follows from a long tradition of boxing defines himself and his masculinity through his are punished or frowned upon. Pruett’s fate themes in films. One particularly poignant identification as a boxer and his relationships is to die at the gun of one of his own men on example, From Here to Eternity (1953), was with others. the evening of Pearl Harbor, whereas Rocky another prominent American film with a central In both films, contextualized fighting is an Balboa is scorned by Mickey early in the film, plotline devoted to a boxing match between acceptable form of masculine expression—From who admonishes him for his brutish career the protagonist, Private Pruett (Montgomery Here to Eternity takes place in the military choices: “You could have been a fighter but Clift), and another soldier at an army base. setting at a camp in Hawaii in 1941 prior to the instead you became a cheap leg-breaker to a Pruett’s boxing match is one he explicitly does US involvement in WWII. The film shows the second-rate loan shark. It’s a wasted life.” The not want to fight and much of the film traces brutal barbarism of a military bully habitually commentary suggests that to fight in the ring— his circumvention of the match. His masculinity beating up a sympathetic character, Maggio the formal, controlled, contextualized fight—is MAY08 19 CSupdateW legitimized over the street fight—the informal, we are never self-actualized. And unsanctioned, uncontained fight. while they “fill gaps” together, it is also important to note that filling of gaps does not mean they complete each Binary Oppositions other, only together forming a whole person; rather, through their relation to Much of Rocky’s thematic structure each other, each becomes a whole self. is explored through binary pairings that In an exchange between Rocky and function in a dyadic structure of cooperation Adrian at the ice rink, Rocky reveals or competition. Rocky-as-boxer is situated that his motivation for becoming a Rocky & Adrian’s Thanksgiving date at the rink, in direct opposition to Apollo Creed, but boxer was stimulated by something his discovering their complementarity. Rocky-as-man is contextualized in both his father said to him, “You weren’t born with much opposition to Creed and in his relation to of a brain so better start usin’ your body.” To Adrian, especially, and among the other men which Adrian replies that her mother informed in his life. Rocky’s masculinity is situated in a her, “You weren’t born with much of a body so binary opposition to every other principle male better start developin’ your brain.” This early advances made by feminism” (49). Elmwood character in the film, including Mickey—the scene in the film’s narrative demonstrates (and claims that the oppositional pairing of Rocky aging father figure/trainer, Paulie, the alcoholic not without a bit of campy humor) that Adrian and Apollo Creed somehow advances the fight but aspiring manager (who are also positioned and Rocky complement each other in the most against the feminist movement through the in opposition to each other). The exception is basic way, a way that never denigrates Adrian’s ‘remasculinization’ of (white) men, though it the only principle female character, Adrian. status as his female counterpart, but rather is unclear what content of the film squarely Rocky’s masculinity and Adrian’s femininity are provides a foundation for a relationship based in supports this claim. She states, “It is clear that expressed in relation, not opposition, to each mutual regard, balance, and equality the moral universe of the film relies squarely other. In Rocky’s own words, their relationship between them. on her [Adrian’s] efforts to fulfill a properly with one another is about “filling gaps.” He tells Feminist scholars may be quick to argue feminine role by serving the champ and Paulie in the meat locker, “I don’t know…she’s this point with me, as evidenced in claims humanizing him” (pp 57-58). As I will illustrate got gaps, I’ve got gaps; together we fill gaps.” made as recently as 2005 by V. Elmwood that below, it is not a subservient role that Adrian While the language Rocky employs to express “Rocky offers masculine status and national plays to Rocky, but that of a loving partner who this parity is simple, it is by no means simplistic. citizenship to a previously rejected group in has discovered her own agency through the The gaps he refers to, in both himself and exchange for their allegiance in a quest for the relationship they forge together, not least of Adrian, reflect an understanding of the flawed remasculinization of white men…as well as which is sparked by Rocky’s ability to see Adrian nature of individual existence -- that in isolation offering a bond of solidarity in rolling back the as a real, whole person. MAY08 20 CSupdateW This ability to see is signified in the first scene provides the context with which of the film. Rocky opens with the camera pulling oppositional notions of masculinity away from a mosaic of Jesus (the epitome of come to light in the film.
Recommended publications
  • The Top 101 Inspirational Movies –
    The Top 101 Inspirational Movies – http://www.SelfGrowth.com The Top 101 Inspirational Movies Ever Made – by David Riklan Published by Self Improvement Online, Inc. http://www.SelfGrowth.com 20 Arie Drive, Marlboro, NJ 07746 ©Copyright by David Riklan Manufactured in the United States No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Limit of Liability / Disclaimer of Warranty: While the authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any implied warranties. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. The author shall not be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. The Top 101 Inspirational Movies – http://www.SelfGrowth.com The Top 101 Inspirational Movies Ever Made – by David Riklan TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 6 Spiritual Cinema 8 About SelfGrowth.com 10 Newer Inspirational Movies 11 Ranking Movie Title # 1 It’s a Wonderful Life 13 # 2 Forrest Gump 16 # 3 Field of Dreams 19 # 4 Rudy 22 # 5 Rocky 24 # 6 Chariots of
    [Show full text]
  • Comedy Taken Seriously the Mafia’S Ties to a Murder
    MONDAY Beauty and the Beast www.annistonstar.com/tv The series returns with an all-new episode that finds Vincent (Jay Ryan) being TVstar arrested for May 30 - June 5, 2014 murder. 8 p.m. on The CW TUESDAY Celebrity Wife Swap Rock prince Dweezil Zappa trades his mate for the spouse of a former MLB outfielder. 9 p.m. on ABC THURSDAY Elementary Watson (Lucy Liu) and Holmes launch an investigation into Comedy Taken Seriously the mafia’s ties to a murder. J.B. Smoove is the dynamic new host of NBC’s 9:01 p.m. on CBS standup comedy competition “Last Comic Standing,” airing Mondays at 7 p.m. Get the deal of a lifetime for Home Phone Service. * $ Cable ONE is #1 in customer satisfaction for home phone.* /mo Talk about value! $25 a month for life for Cable ONE Phone. Now you’ve got unlimited local calling and FREE 25 long distance in the continental U.S. All with no contract and a 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee. It’s the best FOR LIFE deal on the most reliable phone service. $25 a month for life. Don’t wait! 1-855-CABLE-ONE cableone.net *Limited Time Offer. Promotional rate quoted good for eligible residential New Customers. Existing customers may lose current discounts by subscribing to this offer. Changes to customer’s pre-existing services initiated by customer during the promotional period may void Phone offer discount. Offer cannot be combined with any other discounts or promotions and excludes taxes, fees and any equipment charges.
    [Show full text]
  • 776-SELL Only.Nodealers/Businesses 29 Good for Auto, Boat &RV!
    Saturday, September 26, 2020 The Eagle ● theeagle.com B3 SATURDAY EVENING A Suddenlink B DirecTV C Dish Network SEPTEMBER 26, 2020 A B C 3:30 4 PM 4:30 5 PM 5:30 6 PM 6:30 7 PM 7:30 8 PM 8:30 9 PM 9:30 10 PM 10:30 11 PM 11:30 12 AM 12:30 (2:30) NCAA Football (L) 'TVG' Football Football Pre-game (L) /(:35) NCAA Football Florida State at Miami Site: Hard (:50) 13 News (:35) Extra (:05) (:35) Ins. (:05) Wipeout 'TVPG' (13) KTRK 3-- Score. (L) Score. (L) Rock Stadium--Miami Gardens, Fla. (L)'TVG' Scoreb. at 10 (N) Points Texans Ed. (N) Cook's Into the Museum Newsho- The Parks and Bluegrass F.Drake "Healing Midsomer (:35) Midsomer Appear- Austin City Limits Bluegrass AChef's Nova "A to Z: The (15) KAMU 41512 Country Outdoors Access ur. (N) Bookmark Wildlife Under Hands" 'TV14' Murders Murders 'TVPG' ances "Billie Eilish" 'TVPG' Under Life First Alphabet" 'TVG' (2:30) NCAA Football Mississippi State University at News 3at Bucket Bull "The Sovereigns" S.W.A.T. 'TV14' 48 Hours 'TVPG' News 3at (:35) NCIS: New (:35) Castle "Head (:35) NCIS (3) KBTX 5350 Louisiana State University Site: Tiger Stadium(L) 'TVG' 6Sat. (N) List (N) 'TV14' 10 (N) Orleans 'TV14' Case" 'TVPG' Friends Friends Friends Mike & Mike & Two and a Two and a Pawn Pawn Pawn Pawn ABC13Eyewitness Amer.Ninja "Houston Am.Ninja "Pittsburgh ABC 13 Eyewitness (39) KIAH --- Molly Molly Half Men Half Men Stars Stars Stars Stars (N) Finals"2/2 'TVPG' Finals" 'TVPG' News at 9:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Fighters and Fathers: Managing Masculinity in Contemporary Boxing Cinema
    Fighters and Fathers: Managing Masculinity in Contemporary Boxing Cinema JOSH SOPIARZ In Antoine Fuqua’s film Southpaw (2015), just as Jake Gyllenhaal’s character Billy Hope attempts suicide by crashing his luxury sedan into a tree in the front yard, his ten-year-old daughter, Leila, sends him a text message asking: “Daddy. Where are you?” (00:46:04). Her answer comes seconds later when, upon hearing a crash, she finds her father in a heap concussed and bleeding badly on the white marble floor of their home’s entryway. Upon waking, Billy’s first and only concern is Leila. Hospital workers, in an effort to calm him, tell Billy that Leila is safe “with child services” (00:48:08-00:48:10) This news does not comfort Billy. Instead, upon learning that Leila is in the state’s custody, the former light heavyweight champion of the world, with face bloodied and muscles rippling, makes his most concerted effort to get up and leave—presumably, to find his daughter. Before he can rise, however, a doctor administers a large dose of sedative and the heretofore unrestrainable Billy fades into unconsciousness as the scene ends. Leila’s simple question—“Daddy. Where are you?”—is central not only to Southpaw but is also relevant for most major boxing films of the 21st century.1 This includes Clint Eastwood’s Million Dollar Baby (2004), David O. Russell’s The Fighter (2010), Ryan Coogler’s Creed (2015), Jonathan Jakubowic’s Hands of Stone (2016), and Stephen Caple, Jr.’s Creed II (2018). These films establish fighter/trainer relationships as alternatives to otherwise biological or “traditional” father/son relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Movie Review: ‘Creed II’
    Movie Review: ‘Creed II’ NEW YORK — Moviegoers under 33 take note: You had yet to be born when “Rocky IV,” the 1985 film that hovers in the background of the sports drama “Creed II” (MGM), was released. While viewers of any age will know what to expect from this latest extension of the durable franchise long before they buy a ticket, the tried and true, against-the-odds formula still works somehow. Early on in this chapter of the saga, Adonis Creed (Michael B. Jordan), with the help of his hard-driving trainer, Rocky Balboa (Sylvester Stallone), wins the world heavyweight championship. He also proposes to his live-in girlfriend, Bianca (Tessa Thompson), a singer who suffers from hearing loss. But the rise of Viktor Drago (Florian Munteanu), a rival Adonis feels compelled to take on, sets up an emotionally fraught match since the up-and-comer’s father and coach, Ivan (Dolph Lundgren), is the Russian fighter whose blows killed Adonis’ dad, Apollo, back in the Reagan era. (Rocky subsequently fought and beat Ivan.) Rocky continues to feel remorse over his opponent-turned-ally Apollo’s death and urges Adonis not to accept Viktor’s challenge, a stance that threatens to cause a breach in their close relationship. It’s a conflict Rocky can ill afford since the death of his wife and alienation from his son have left him emotionally isolated. He can still count on the loyal friendship of Apollo’s widow and Adonis’ adoptive mom, Mary Anne (Phylicia Rashad), however. Working from a script Stallone co-wrote with Juel Taylor, director Steven Caple Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Duncanville' Is A
    Visit Our Showroom To Find The Perfect Lift Bed For You! February 14 - 20, 2020 2 x 2" ad 300 N Beaton St | Corsicana | 903-874-82852 x 2" ad M-F 9am-5:30pm | Sat 9am-4pm milesfurniturecompany.com FREE DELIVERY IN LOCAL AREA WA-00114341 The animated, Amy Poehler- T M O T H U Q Z A T T A C K P Your Key produced 2 x 3" ad P U B E N C Y V E L L V R N E comedy R S Q Y H A G S X F I V W K P To Buying Z T Y M R T D U I V B E C A N and Selling! “Duncanville” C A T H U N W R T T A U N O F premieres 2 x 3.5" ad S F Y E T S E V U M J R C S N Sunday on Fox. G A C L L H K I Y C L O F K U B W K E C D R V M V K P Y M Q S A E N B K U A E U R E U C V R A E L M V C L Z B S Q R G K W B R U L I T T L E I V A O T L E J A V S O P E A G L I V D K C L I H H D X K Y K E L E H B H M C A T H E R I N E M R I V A H K J X S C F V G R E N C “War of the Worlds” on Epix Bargain Box (Words in parentheses not in puzzle) Bill (Ward) (Gabriel) Byrne Aliens Place your classified Classified Merchandise Specials Solution on page 13 Helen (Brown) (Elizabeth) McGovern (Savage) Attack ad in the Waxahachie Daily Light, Merchandise High-End 2 x 3" ad Catherine (Durand) (Léa) Drucker Europe Midlothian Mirror and Ellis Mustafa (Mokrani) (Adel) Bencherif (Fight for) Survival County Trading1 Post! x 4" ad Deal Merchandise Word Search Sarah (Gresham) (Natasha) Little (H.G.) Wells Call (972) 937-3310 Run a single item Run a single item priced at $50-$300 priced at $301-$600 for only $7.50 per week for only $15 per week 6 lines runs in The Waxahachie Daily Light, ‘Duncanville’ is a new Midlothian Mirror and Ellis County Trading2 x 3.5" Post ad and online at waxahachietx.com All specials are pre-paid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Passage,” We Make ‘The Passage’ Premiering Monday Customizing on Fox
    6895 & 6901 Gilda Ct - Keystone Heights $64,000 Lime rock easement, total 5 Introducing our NEW acres with 2 set ups, 2 septic 54' Large Format tanks and 1 well. Travel trailer HP 315 Latex Printer on 1.25 acres you can live in Marketing every property while you build your home or Bigger, Faster & As if it were our own. manufactured home, or build Your Full Service Print Shop! Better Quality! • RESIDENTIAL • on the 3.75 acres in the back Business Cards Flyers Brochures T-Shirts Banners • COMMERCIAL • and rent out the front acreage. Bindery Envelopes Graphic Design..... and much more! Buying • Selling • Renting Would be perfect for 2 family’s wanting to live close together. Owner wants ALL sold as one and together. Includes 2 power poles, mailbox, 2 septics 1857 Wells Road, Suite 1 A&B Orange Park, FL 32073 (904) 282-0810 www.sirspeedyop.com [email protected] one well, pump house, shed, picnic table and travel trailer. Perfect for a nice Phone: 904-269-5116 RealtyMastersInc.com camping retreat as well. 2 x 2” ad 2 x 2” ad SALES PARTS Thursday, January 10, 2019 SERVICE Mark-Paul Gosselaar stars in “The Passage,” We make premiering Monday ‘The Passage’ customizing on Fox. your turns a series of cart easy. 904-214-3723 novels into a TV 2581-A Blanding Blvd. series Middleburg, FL 32068 MyCustomCart.com 1 x 5” ad FISH CAMP The REAL RESTAURANT Fish Camp! Whitey’s& CAMPGROUND Family OwnedO & &O Operated Since 1963 see what o Come ld Florida is all out ackle • Boat Ren ab t it • T tals • RV Pa ran Ba rk • Full Service Restau 203220 CR 220 • South of Orange Park • 904-269-4198 •whiteysfi shcamp.com4 x 3” ad Mankind’s fate may rest BY JAY BOBBIN BY GEORGE DICKIE with one youngster in Checking in with ‘The Passage’ The “Passage” in the title of a Anarchy”), Emmanuelle Chriqui DAVID MAZOUZ new series could refer to a young (“Entourage”) and Henry Ian Cusick character’s rite of passage, but it (“Lost,” “The 100”) also are among actually means more than that.
    [Show full text]
  • Hollywood's Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wilfrid Laurier University Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier English and Film Studies Faculty Publications English and Film Studies 2017 Ageing in Action: Hollywood’s Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series Philippa Gates Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/engl_faculty Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Gates, Philippa, "Ageing in Action: Hollywood’s Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series" (2017). English and Film Studies Faculty Publications. 13. https://scholars.wlu.ca/engl_faculty/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English and Film Studies at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in English and Film Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ageing in Action: Hollywood’s Ageing Ensemble Action Hero Series By Philippa Gates Note: This is the English language version of a paper published in French as « Vieillir, agir: les héros d’âge mûr dans deux séries de films d’action hollywoodiens.» L’Âge des stars: des images à l’épreuve du vieillissement. Eds. Charles-Antoine Courcoux, Gwénaëlle Le Gras, Raphaëlle Moine. L’Âge d’homme, 2017. pp 130-50. Permission to reprint the paper in English is graciously given by the editors of the collection. Summary This paper explores the treatment of ageing in the ensemble action hero series RED (2010 and 2013) starring Bruce Willis and Helen Mirren and The Expendables (2010, 2012, and 2014) starring Sylvester Stallone and other 1980s action stars.
    [Show full text]
  • We Are Living in Bonhoeffer's Germany
    “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 2 Chronicles 7:14 2 Chronicles 7:14 “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land.”
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher Guide to Student Worksheet 1- Pennsylvania Boxer Fact Sheet
    Teacher Guide to Student Worksheet 1- Pennsylvania Boxer Fact Sheet i. Joe Palooka: fictional 1. Palooka was modeled on a local “palooka” from the anthracite coal region. 2. Joe was the ideal an image of the “club fighter”, the pug. 3. Palooka was a mainstay of newspaper comic strips; he was created by Hammond Fischer, a resident of Wilkes-Barre, which today honors Joe Palooka with a Mountain being named after him ii. Bernard Hopkins: factual 1. Hopkins is nick-named “The Executioner”. 2. He defended his middleweight belt many times, defeating La Hoya and then partnering with him to promote East coast boxers 3. Hopkins is famous as a Philly fighter, an old school fighter. He rose from the streets, through prison, to become world famous in his sport. iii. Tommy Loughran: factual 1. Tommy was from an immigrant family, and found success in many areas of his life: personal, financial, athletic, and socially as a speaker 2. In 1927, he became light heavyweight champion after defeating Mike McTigue. He fought many of the greats of his generation. 3. Loughran moved up to heavyweight and challenged Primo Carnera. iv. Rocky Balboa: fictional 1. Sylvester Stallone’s character in the portrays a good-hearted pug who takes advantage of his opportunity and challenges the reigning Heavyweight champ. 2. Rocky was nick-named “The Italian Stallion”. 3. Rocky is the classic underdog who epitomizes the values of the perseverance and hard work. He is not twisted by fame, but recognizes the importance of character and love. v. Joe Frazier: factual 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Introduction (Pdf)
    Excerpt • Temple University Press Introduction Call it promotional, call it sentimental, call it modern alchemy. This is the story of the complex and at times mystifying processes that transformed three objects in powerful ways around the turn of the twenty-first century. As the city of Philadelphia underwent an important pivot in its identity and reputation, historical art became contemporary, private art became public, and a painting, a sculpture, and an entire art collection—already famous for other reasons—came to speak uniquely for the city where they were displayed. This book is about preexisting items made anew, changed through acts of reception: through the ways that viewers looked at these objects, talked about these objects, and used these objects to define their city around the year 2000. The objects in question were the subjects of the most intense and wide- reaching public conversations about visual culture in Philadelphia that occurred between approximately 1990 and 2010. These spirited exchanges erupted on call-in radio shows, in newspaper columns, at public hearings, and, eventually, on blogs and in website comments sections. They ostensibly revolved around determining the appropriate location for three key items: the art collection under the stewardship of the Barnes Foundation; Thomas Eakins’s 1875 paint- ing, The Gross Clinic; and a statue of fictional boxer Rocky Balboa that was made in 1980 as a prop for a Hollywood film. Although these three pieces were not initially linked in any formal way, they eventually became both symbolically and spatially connected. When 2 INTRODUCTIONExcerpt • Temple University Press people discussed whether and where to display these items, they partici- pated in crucial dialogues about how to balance the city’s celebrated historic past with its more recently acquired negative image in order to shape the Philadelphia of the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Rocky (1976) Movie Script by Sylvester Stallone
    Rocky (1976) movie script by Sylvester Stallone. Final draft, 1/7/76. More info about this movie on IMDb.com INT. BLUE DOOR FIGHT CLUB - NIGHT SUPERIMPOSE OVER ACTION... "NOVEMBER 12, 1975 - PHILADELPHIA" ... The club itself resembles a large unemptied trash-can. The boxing ring is extra small to insure constant battle. The lights overhead have barely enough wattage to see who is fighting. In the ring are two heavyweights, one white the other black. The white fighter is ROCKY BALBOA. He is thirty years old. His face is scarred and thick around the nose... His black hair shines and hangs in his eyes. Rocky fights in a plodding, machine-like style. The BLACK FIGHTER dances and bangs combinations into Rocky's face with great accuracy. But the punches do not even cause Rocky to blink... He grins at his opponent and keeps grinding ahead. The people at ringside sit on folding chairs and clamor for blood... They lean out of their seats and heckle the fighters. In the thick smoke they resemble spectres. Everyone is hustling bets... The action is even heavier in the balcony. A housewife yells for somebody to cover a two dollar bet. The BELL RINGS and the fighters return to their corner... Somebody heaves a beer can into the ring. The Black Fighter spits something red in a bucket and sneers across the ring at Rocky. BLACK FIGHTER (to cornerman) ... I'm gonna bust his head wide open! In Rocky's corner he is being assisted by a shriveled, balding CORNERMAN, who is an employee of the club..
    [Show full text]