DOCSLIB.ORG

Destruction of a Single Chlorophyll Is Correlated with the Photoinhibition of Photosystem II with a Transiently Inactive Donor Side (Photodamage/Oxygen Evolution)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Destruction of a Single Chlorophyll Is Correlated with the Photoinhibition of Photosystem II with a Transiently Inactive Donor Side (Photodamage/Oxygen Evolution) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 92, pp. 12195-12199, December 1995 Biochemistry Destruction of a single chlorophyll is correlated with the photoinhibition of photosystem II with a transiently inactive donor side (photodamage/oxygen evolution) DIRK BUMANN AND DIETER OESTERHELT* Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Communicated by George Feher, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, August 7, 1995 (received for review January 30, 1995) ABSTRACT Pigments destroyed during photoinhibition Experimental Procedures of water-splitting photosystem II core complexes from the green alga Chiamydomonas reinhardtii were studied. Under Water-splitting PSII core complexes containing about 40 Chl conditions of a transiently inactivated donor side, illumina- a were isolated from the green alga Chiamydomonas reinhardtii tion leads to an irreversible inhibition of the electron transfer as described (28). These complexes have a somewhat altered at the donor side that is paralleled by the destruction of QB side. Since the QA side seems to be intact and is accessible chlorophylls a absorbing maximally around 674 and 682 nm. for ferricyanide, the acceptor side allows efficient electron The observed stochiometry of 1 + 0.1 destroyed chlorophyll flow out of PSII in the presence of this electron acceptor. per inhibited photosystem II suggests that chlorophyll de- For photoinhibition experiments frozen samples were struction could be the primary photodamage causing the thawed on ice and diluted in 20 mM morpholineethanesulfonic inhibition of photosystem II under these conditions. acid/KOH, pH 6.5/0.03% dodecyl maltoside/2 mM ferricya- nide (final PSII concentration, 0.2 ,tM; Ca2+ concentration = 0 mM, Cl- concentration < 0.1 mM) and illuminated in a In photosynthesis light energy is converted to chemical energy. fluorescence cuvette (pathlength, 10 mm; volume, 1.2 ml) with However, side reactions can lead to considerable destruction light from a xenon lamp transmitted through a Schott RG630 of the photosynthetic apparatus and a concomitant loss of cutoff filter, a KG1 heat filter, and 4 cm of water at a photosynthetic activity in a process called photoinhibition (1). temperature of 4°C for time intervals from 1 to 30 s (80 In oxygenic photosynthesis the main target for photoinhibition mJ cm-2 in the range of 630-720 nm). During illumination the is photosystem II (PSII) (2). In intact PSII the excited primary sample was slowly stirred to obtain a uniform photoinhibition. donor P680 reduces plastoquinone. The oxidized primary Bleaching spectra (dark minus illuminated) were recorded on donor P680+ is then reduced by water via an redoxactive an Aminco DW2000 spectrophotometer (spectral bandwidth, tyrosine "Z" (3). In case of a transient malfunction of the 2 nm) after a dark period of 5 min to eliminate reversible water-splitting reaction, P680+ has an extended lifetime during signals. which it can degrade (4) or damage other PSII components, To estimate the number of destroyed Chl per PSII we including carotenoids, chlorophylls (Chl), possibly Z, the man- assumed that all 40 Chl a of PSII have similar oscillator ganese binding sites, and other amino acids of the PSII proteins strengths. The same assumption has been made for the analysis (5-10). One or several of these damages result in an irrevers- of PSII-RC absorption spectra (22, 29-31) and seems reason- ible inhibition of the electron transfer from Z to P680+ and able since the protein environment modulates the Qy(0-0)- hence in an irreversible loss of the water-splitting activity (6, absorption properties of Chl a only weakly as compared to Chl 7, 10-14). Despite many investigations it is still not clear which a in acetone (shift of absorption maximum by <20 nm, increase of the various damages actually causes this inhibition. We of the oscillator strength by about 10%; D.B., unpublished investigated this problem by correlating pigment destruction results). The 2 pheo and 3 Chl b bound to PSII core complexes with the loss of oxygen evolving activity. (28) were assumed to have absorptions in the region 650-720 Quantitative observations of pigment destruction in vivo or nm equivalent to about 3 Chl a giving a total absorption of all in grana membranes are difficult due to the high number of chlorins equivalent to 43 Chl a. Based on these assumptions we pigments per PSII (200-700) (15, 16). PSII reaction center estimated that a 1% absorption decrease in the region 650-720 preparations (PSII-RC) contain only 4-6 Chl, 2 pheophytins nm corresponds to an average destruction of 0.43 Chl a per (pheo), and 1-2 carotenoids (car) per PSII (17-21). Hence, PSII. destruction of less than one pigment per PSII can be Linear dichroism spectra were recorded with PSII embed- easily ded in acrylamide gels [final concentrations: 12.5% (wt/vol) observed in these particles (4, 22-24). However, since the acrylamide, 0.4% (wt/vol) N,N-methylenbisacrylamide, 0.03% electron transfer from Z to P680+ is already strongly impaired (vol/vol) N,N,N',N'-tetramethylparaphenylenediamine, in freshly isolated PSII-RC (25-27), these particles cannot be 0.05% (wt/vol) ammonium persulfate, 10 mM morpho- used for the investigation of the first irreversibly inactivating lineethanesulfonic acid/KOH, pH 6.5; the volume was 0.7 ml] reaction of photoinhibition. We therefore used PSII core (32, 33). The gels were polymerized for 1 h at 4°C in the dark complexes, which have an intermediate pigment content and and then washed for several hours in 20 mM morpho- are capable of water splitting (28). With these particles it is lineethanesulfonic acid/KOH, pH 6.5. The gels were then possible to observe the destruction of less than one Chl per soaked in 20 mM morpholineethanesulfonic acid/KOH, pH PSII and to measure the loss of water-splitting activity (in- 6.5/2 mM ferricyanide. We had to soak the gels in acceptor cluding the electron transfer from Z to P680+) in parallel. solution after polymerization since ferricyanide reacted with The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge Abbreviations: Chl, chlorophyll(s); PS, photosystem; RC, reaction payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in center; car, carotenoid(s); pheo, pheophytin(s). accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 12195 Downloaded by guest on September 24, 2021 12196 Biochemistry: Bumann and Oesterhelt Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) the polymerization reagents. The embedded PSII were ori- known cofactors of the donor side (41). In their absence the ented in a home-built linear dichroism cuvette by compressing electron transfer from Z to P680+ is inactive (42, 43). This the gels in one direction by a factor of 1.5 and expanding them inactivation is reversible since addition of CaC12 restores full in another direction. The dimension of the gels did not change activity. However, illumination under these conditions leads to in the direction of the optical path (9 mm). Isotropic spectra an irreversible loss of the water-splitting activity that cannot be showed no differences to PSII in solution, indicating that the restored by the addition of CaC12. A comparison of the pigments were not distorted by the embedding procedure. light-saturation behavior of intact and partially inhibited PSII Spectra with linearly polarized light (parallel to the direction revealed that only the light-saturated activity decreases while of compression or expansion) and comparison with published the light intensity necessary for 50% saturation is not affected spectra of other PSII core complexes (34,35) revealed that our (Fig. 1). This indicates that the inhibition is caused by a block PSII was similarly oriented with their plane corresponding to of the electron transfer while the energy transfer from the the former membrane plane parallel to the direction of the antenna to P680 is not affected. expansion. The maximum dichroic ratio (absorbance differ- To further characterize the defective electron transfer we ence between the two light polarizations divided by the measured flash-induced absorption changes of intact and isotropic absorbance) was 0.2-0.3 at 687 nm depending on the partially inhibited PSII in the absence of Ca2+ and Cl- (Fig. 2). sample. Linear dichroism bleaching spectra were measured Under these conditions the fast reduction of P680+ by Z is after illumination of the gels at 10°C. blocked (42, 43). Both samples exhibited an absorption in- Water-splitting activity was measured as oxygen evolution crease at 820 nm, which decayed multiphasically with a dom- with a Clarke-type electrode in 20 mM morpholineethanesul- inant lifetime of 500-600 ,us. This signal can be assigned to fonic acid/KOH, pH 6.5/2 mM ferricyanide/50 mM CaCl2 at long-living Chl cation radicals that are probably slowly reduced 20°C with light from a diaprojector filtered by a Schott RG630 by electron back flow from QA- (44, 45). Both samples filter. The maximum activity was 1000-1200 ,umol of 02 (mg generated a similar amount of long-living cations, indicating of Chl)-1h-1. Light saturation was measured by varying the that the primary charge separation from P680 to the primary light intensity with neutral glass filters (6.5%, 12.5%, 27%, quinone is- still intact after partial inhibition of the water- 48%, 68% transmission in the range 660-690 nm). During a splitting activity. The loss ofwater-splitting activity is therefore period of several hours the light intensity of the diaprojector due to an irreversible damage of the donor side in agreement varied by up to 5%. Therefore, we measured the light intensity with earlier results (6, 7, 10-14).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Phenomenon of Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis and Its Importance in Reforestation
    PHOTOINHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 193 The Botanical Review 68(2): 193–208 The Phenomenon of Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis and Its Importance in Reforestation PEDRO LUÍS DA C. A. ALVES Department of Applied Biology FCAVJ/UNESP Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884–900, Brazil ANTÔNIO C. N. MAGALHÃES Department of Plant Physiology IB/UNICAMP Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083–970, Brazil AND PAULO ROXO BARJA Institute for Research & Development Universidade do Vale do Paraíba IP&D/UNIVAP São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 12244–000, Brazil I. Abstract . 194 II. Introduction . 194 III. The Phenomenon of Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis . 195 IV. The Mechanism of Photoinhibition . 197 V. Photoinhibition by Interaction between Light and Other Stress Factors . 198 A. Interaction between Light and Low CO2 . 198 B. Interaction between Light and Low-Temperature Stress . 198 C. Interaction between Light and High-Temperature Stress . 200 D. Interaction between Light and Water Stress (Drought) . 201 E. Photoinhibitory Principles of Herbicides . 201 VI. Recovery from Photoinhibition of PS II . 202 VII. Mechanisms for Avoiding or Tolerating Photoinhibition . 202 A. Biophysical Mechanisms . 202 B. Metabolic Mechanisms . 203 C. Morphological Mechanisms . 204 D. Biochemical Mechanisms . 204 VIII. Acknowledgments . 204 IX. Literature Cited . 204 Copies of this issue [68(2)] may be purchased from the NYBG Press, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458–5128, U.S.A.; [email protected]. Please inquire as to prices. Issued 03 September 2002 © 2002 The New York Botanical Garden 193 194 THE BOTANICAL REVIEW I. Abstract Photoinhibition, defined as the inhibition of photosynthesis caused by excessive radiance, affects field production to a great extent.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acid Oxidation of the D1 and D2 Proteins by Oxygen Radicals During Photoinhibition of Photosystem II
    Amino acid oxidation of the D1 and D2 proteins by oxygen radicals during photoinhibition of Photosystem II Ravindra Kalea, Annette E. Hebertb, Laurie K. Frankelb, Larry Sallansc, Terry M. Brickerb,1, and Pavel Pospíšila,1 aDepartment of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; and cThe Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 Edited by Robert Haselkorn, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved February 3, 2017 (received for review November 16, 2016) •− • The Photosystem II reaction center is vulnerable to photoinhibition. (O2 ) or reduced to the hydroxyl radical (HO ) (8). It has been The D1 and D2 proteins, lying at the core of the photosystem, are proposed that H2O2 is oxidized either by the redox-active tyrosine •+ •+ susceptible to oxidative modification by reactive oxygen species residue TyrZ (11) or the chlorophyll cation ChlZ (12). H2O2 may • that are formed by the photosystem during illumination. Using spin bereducedtoHO by free manganese released from damaged •− probes and EPR spectroscopy, we have determined that both O2 Mn4O5Ca clusters (13). On the PSII electron acceptor side, a one- • •− and HO are involved in the photoinhibitory process. Using tandem electron reduction of O2 forms O2 , which is known to initiate a • mass spectroscopy, we have identified a number of oxidatively cascade of reactions leading to the formation of both H2O2 and HO modified D1 and D2 residues.
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Photosystem II Stability Promotes H2 Production in Sulfur-Deprived Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii
    Increased photosystem II stability promotes H2 production in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Alena Volgusheva1, Stenbjörn Styring, and Fikret Mamedov2 Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden Edited by Harry B. Gray, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved March 18, 2013 (received for review November 28, 2012) Photobiological H2 production is an attractive option for renewable creating anaerobic conditions in the cell. This in turn activates solar fuels. Sulfur-deprived cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have hydrogenase expression and activity (10, 11). been shown to produce hydrogen with the highest efficiency Cells of C. reinhardtii undergo morphological changes and ac- among photobiological systems. We have investigated the photo- cumulate starch under S deprivation (12). Both the light and the synthetic reactions during sulfur deprivation and H2 production in dark reactions of photosynthesis are down-regulated (9, 12, 13). the wild-type and state transition mutant 6 (Stm6) mutant of Chla- The amount of Rubisco is drastically reduced during the first 24 h, mydomonas reinhardtii . The incubation period (130 h) was dissected leading to cessation of the CO2 fixation (12, 14). Photosynthetic into different phases, and changes in the amount and functional electron transfer reactions are also inhibited (9, 15, 16). This is status of photosystem II (PSII) were investigated in vivo by electron mostly associated with changes in the photosystem II (PSII) paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and variable fluorescence complex that are not well characterized. This is unfortunate be- measurements. In the wild type it was found that the amount of cause a fraction of the electrons delivered to the hydrogenase have PSII is decreased to 25% of the original level; the electron transport been suggested to originate from water oxidation in PSII (17).
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibition of Electron Transport at the Cytochrome B6f Complex Protects Photosystem II from Photoinhibition
    FEBS 24350 FEBS Letters 486 (2000) 191^194 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Inhibition of electron transport at the cytochrome b6f complex protects photosystem II from photoinhibition A. Krieger-Liszkaya, K. Kienzlera, G.N. Johnsonb;* aInstitute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Scha«nzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany bSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.614 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Received 1 October 2000; accepted 1 November 2000 First published online 21 November 2000 Edited by Richard Cogdell The mechanism of this damage is not well understood but Abstract Photoinhibition of photosystem II (PS II) activity was studied in thylakoid membranes illuminated in the presence of the may involve the generation of oxygen radicals at or near the acceptor side of PS I. Iron^sulphur centres bound to PS I or inhibitor of the cytochrome b6f complex 2Piodo-6-isopropyl-3- methyl-2P,4,4P-trinitrodiphenylether (DNP-INT). DNP-INT was ferredoxin are known to be able to reduce molecular oxygen found to decrease photoinhibition. In the absence of DNP-INT, to form superoxide; the Mehler reaction [6]. Dismutation of anaerobosis, superoxide dismutase and catalase protected superoxide, spontaneously or catalysed by superoxide dismu- against photoinhibition. No effect of these treatments was tase (SOD), generates hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of observed in the presence of DNP-INT. These data demonstrate reduced transition metal ions hydrogen peroxide can form that photoinhibition under these conditions is caused by reactive hydroxyl radicals; the Fenton reaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluorescence Characteristics and Photoinhibition in Saplings of Manwood on Clear Days and Under Overcast Conditions
    Fluorescence and photoinhibition in manwood 595 FLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS AND PHOTOINHIBITION IN SAPLINGS OF MANWOOD ON CLEAR DAYS AND UNDER OVERCAST CONDITIONS Daniela Pereira Dias1; Ricardo Antonio Marenco2* 1 INPA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Florestas Tropicais. 2 INPA - Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical, Av. André Araújo, 1756, C.P. 478 - 69011-970 - Manaus, AM - Brasil. *Corresponding author <[email protected]> ABSTRACT: High irradiance may reduce the productivity of tropical plants by exacerbating photoinhibition of photosynthesis, particularly in the case of shade-adapted plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cloud cover on the fluorescence characteristics and photoinhibition on saplings of manwood (Minquartia guianensis Aubl.). Three-year-old saplings were exposed to full irradiance either on clear days (10, 45 and 90 min) or under overcast conditions (120, 180, and 420 min). Changes in the population of functional photosystem II (PSII), the initial (Fo) and maximum fluorescences (Fm), and the Fv/Fm ratio (maximum potential quantum yield of PSII) were monitored after plant exposure to full irradiance and during recovery (within 48 h) at low light intensity. Although photoinhibition of PSII (Fv/Fm) was determined by the number of photons reaching the leaf surface (photon fluence), cloudiness tended to reduce the photoinhibitory effect of irradiance. Fo increased with fluence on cloudy days and was unaffected by irradiance on clear days, except for a sharp rise during the first 10 min of exposure to full sunlight. For a given photon fluence, Fm was lower on clear days. Recovery from photoinhibition was similar in both light environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Damage to Photosystems I and II in A
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 89, pp. 8716-8720, September 1992 Plant Biology Characterization of damage to photosystems I and II in a cyanobacterium lacking detectable iron superoxide dismutase activity (gene replacement/photoacoustics/photoinhibition/sodg/photosynthesis) STEPHEN K. HERBERT*t, GuY SAMSON*t, DAVID C. FORK*, AND DAVID E. LAUDENBACH§¶ *Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305; and §Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Communicated by Winslow R. Briggs, June 1, 1992 ABSTRACT The enzyme superoxide dismutase is ubiqui- Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes of tous in aerobic organisms where it plays a major role in 17-85 kDa that are ubiquitous in aerobic organisms and alleviating oxygen-radical toxicity. An insertion mutation in- function by catalyzing the dismutation ofO2 to H202 and 02. troduced into the iron superoxide dismutase locus (designated There are three types of SOD, which can be distinguished by sodE) of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 the prosthetic metals present at the active site: iron (FeSOD), created a mutant strain devoid of detectable iron superoxide manganese (MnSOD), and copper/zinc (Cu/ZnSOD). The dismutase activity. Both wild-type and mutant strains exhibited FeSOD enzyme has been detected in cyanobacteria and other similar photosynthetic activity and viability when grown with prokaryotes as well as in the plastids of some plants (4, 5). 17 jmolm-2-s'1 illumination in liquid culture supplemented MnSOD has been detected in some, but not all, cyanobac- with 3% carbon dioxide. In contrast, the sodB mutant exhibited teria and is also widely distributed among prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Photoinhibition and Regulation of PSII
    Viewing oxidative stress through the lens of oxidative signalling rather than damage Christine H. Foyer, Alexander V. Ruban, Graham Noctor To cite this version: Christine H. Foyer, Alexander V. Ruban, Graham Noctor. Viewing oxidative stress through the lens of oxidative signalling rather than damage. Biochemical Journal, Portland Press, 2017, 474, pp.877-883. 10.1042/BCJ20160814. hal-01604352 HAL Id: hal-01604352 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01604352 Submitted on 26 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Biochemical Journal (2017) 474 877–883 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160814 Editorial Viewing oxidative stress through the lens of oxidative signalling rather than damage Christine H. Foyer1, Alexander V. Ruban2 and Graham Noctor3 1Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.; 2School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.; and 3Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, INRA, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Universite Paris-Saclay, Rue de Noetzlin, Orsay 91405, France Correspondence: Christine H.
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition of Primary Photoreactions in Intact Leaves
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1980 Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition of Primary Photoreactions in Intact Leaves Robert S. Nowak Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Nowak, Robert S., "Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition of Primary Photoreactions in Intact Leaves" (1980). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 6365. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6365 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE PROBE OF ULTRAVIOLET-B PHOTOINHIBITION OF PRIMARY PHOTOREACTIONS IN INTACT LEAVES by Robert S. Nowak A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Range Eco logy Approved: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 1980 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully acknowledge Dr. Martyn M. Caldwell for his continuous support. His suggestions and criticisms were very useful throughout this study. I sincerely thank Drs. Herman Wiebe and Jon Takemoto for their insightful discussions and comments. Special thanks are also due to Ron Robberecht, Sue Lindoo, Steve Holman, and Steve Flint for their help and personal support. Finally I thank Cheryl for her continuous assistance, criticism, and patience. Robert S. Nowak iii TABLEOF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.. ii LIST OF TABLES.
    [Show full text]
  • Photoinhibition in Common Atlantic Macroalgae Measured on Site in Gran Canaria
    Helgol Mar Res (2001) 55:67–76 DOI 10.1007/s101520000066 ORIGINAL ARTICLE D.-P. Häder · M. Porst · M. Lebert Photoinhibition in common atlantic macroalgae measured on site in Gran Canaria Received: 18 January 2000 / Received in revised form: 15 May 2000 / Accepted: 19 May 2000 / Published online: 6 February 2001 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2001 Abstract The photosynthetic quantum yield was analysed Introduction in four common atlantic macroalgae, the Rhodophytes Gelidium arbuscula and Halopithys incurvus and the About 50% of the primary biomass production on the Phaeophytes Halopteris scoparia and Lobophora variegata earth is based on aquatic ecosystems (Houghton and in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands at their growth site. Woodwell 1989; Siegenthaler and Sarmiento 1993). The fluorescence parameters were measured using a Most of the aquatic productivity is due to phytoplankton, portable pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer however, macroalgae play an important role, especially (PAM 2000) instrument and a diving PAM under water in coastal areas. In addition to biomass productivity, without removing the thalli from their growth sites. Solar macroalgal forests serve as breeding grounds for fish, radiation was monitored continuously above and under mollusks and crustaceans. Macroalgae also have signifi- water during the whole experimental period using two cant economic potentials, being used in the production of three-channel dosimeters (European light dosimeter food for humans and animals, fertilizers and cosmetics, network; ELDONET) (Real Time Computer, Möhrendorf, to name only a few. Germany). These instruments measure solar radiation in Light is probably the most decisive factor in the three wavelength ranges, ultraviolet (UV)-A, UV-B and coastal environment which determines the vertical distri- photosynthetic active radiation (PAR).
    [Show full text]
  • Photosynthesis
    Specific thylakoid protein phosphorylations are prerequisites for overwintering of Norway INAUGURAL ARTICLE spruce (Picea abies) photosynthesis Steffen Grebea,1, Andrea Trottaa,b,1, Azfar Ali Bajwaa, Ilaria Mancinia, Pushan Bagc, Stefan Janssonc, Mikko Tikkanena, and Eva-Mari Aroa,2 aMolecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; bInstitute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy; and cUmeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2018. Contributed by Eva-Mari Aro, June 1, 2020 (sent for review March 4, 2020; reviewed by Krishna K. Niyogi and Jean-David Rochaix) Coping of evergreen conifers in boreal forests with freezing tem- defined by investigation of the relaxation kinetics of chlorophyll peratures on bright winter days puts the photosynthetic machin- fluorescence in darkness after previous exposure of leaves to high ery in great risk of oxidative damage. To survive harsh winter light. The components include the fast relaxing qE (energy-dependent conditions, conifers have evolved a unique but poorly characterized quenching), more slowly relaxing qZ (zeaxanthin-dependent quench- photoprotection mechanism, a sustained form of nonphotochemical ing) and qH (plastid lipocalin-dependent quenching), as well as a very quenching (sustained NPQ). Here we focused on functional proper- slowly relaxing qI (photoinhibitory quenching) (for reviews, see refs. 5 ties and underlying molecular mechanisms related to the develop- and 6), the latter component in fact requiring low light for full re- ment of sustained NPQ in Norway spruce (Picea abies).
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Course of Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition in Marine Macroalgae Investigated in the Laboratory and Field
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 8 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Daily course of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in marine macroalgae investigated in the laboratory and field D. Hanelt, K. Huppertz, W. Nultsch Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps Universitat Marburg, Karl von Frisch StraBe, D-35032 Marburg, Germany ABSTRACT: Photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its recovery was investigated in the laboratory and in the field with fluorescence and oxygen measuring devices. Photosynthetic efficiency measured at non-saturating fluence rates and the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence (FJF,) showed an approximately inverse course compared to the fluence rate of daylight measured continu- ously during the day. In the morning photosynthetic efficiency was high, but decreased with increasing fluence rate. Maximal photoinhibition of photosynthesis occurred around noon or in the early after- noon. During the afternoon photosynthetic efficiency increased again and full recovery was reached in the evening. These lunetics of recovery differ from those obtained in the laboratory under artificial conditions, where the red algae required up to 48 h to recover from a strong photoinhibition. Different species showed Mferent sensitivity to photoinhibition and different capability for recovery. The red alga Porphyra spp., living in the upper eulittoral, was able to cope with the high fluence rates at the water surface. The red alga Delesseria sanguinea, living in the subtidal zone, shows the highest sensitivity to photoinhibition. Thus, a relation between photoinhibitory sensitivity and the zonation of the algae in the littoral exists. INTRODUCTION absorption cross section (Nultsch & Pfau 1979, Hanelt & Nultsch 1990). As shown in the brown alga Dictyota At high fluence rates, when photosynthesis is dichotoma the active displacement of the chromato- saturated, an excess of absorbed energy can damage phores protects the photosynthetic pigments against the photosynthetic apparatus (Huppertz et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Plant Physiology 167 (2010) 959–966
    Journal of Plant Physiology 167 (2010) 959–966 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Plant Physiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/jplph Photosystem II photochemistry, photoinhibition, and the xanthophyll cycle in heat-stressed rice leaves Yan Yin, Shumei Li, Weiqin Liao, Qingtao Lu, Xiaogang Wen, Congming Lu ∗ Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China article info abstract Article history: To investigate how high light affects the responses of photosynthesis to heat stress, the effects of high Received 23 November 2009 temperature (25–42.5 ◦C) either in the dark or in the light (1000 ␮mol m−2 s−1) on photosystem II (PSII) Received in revised form photochemistry and the xanthophyll cycle were investigated in rice plants. At temperatures higher than 11 December 2009 35 ◦C, there was a decrease in the CO assimilation rate, and this decrease was greater in the light than Accepted 14 December 2009 2 in the dark. The maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) showed no significant change in the dark, but did show a significant decrease in the light. In addition, there was an increase in non- Keywords: photochemical quenching (NPQ) and this increase was greater in the light than in the dark. Furthermore, Heat stress Photoinhibition the de-epoxidation status of the xanthophyll cycle increased significantly with increasing temperature Photosystem II photochemistry in the light. Compared to the control leaves, the dithiothreitol-fed leaves showed a greater decrease in Rice Fv/Fm but a very small increase in NPQ and de-epoxidation status of the xanthophyll cycle at tempera- ◦ Xanthophyll cycle tures higher than 35 C.
    [Show full text]