The Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection: Description and List

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THE HISTORIC ENGLAND ZOOARCHAEOLOGY REFERENCE COLLECTION: DESCRIPTION AND LIST

Polydora Baker, Eva Fairnell, Fay Worley

SUMMARY

This document lists the current holdings of the Historic England zooarchaeology reference collection held at Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth, UK. A total of 3308 specimens is listed, of which 2387 are complete skeletons. These include approximately 115 species of mammal, 220 species of bird, 9 species of reptile, 5 species of amphibian and 55 species of fish. The vertebrate skeleton reference collection is available for consultation: please refer to our access policy (http://www.historicengland.org.uk/research/approaches/research methods/Archaeology/zooarchaeology/).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The original collection list and description were compiled by Elaine Corke, Simon Davis and Sebastian Payne, and subsequently curated by Polydora Baker, Fay Worley, Mick Revill and Eva Fairnell. Complete specimen data recorded on individual paper records were added to the database by Gemma Ayton. We are grateful to Manny Lopez and Hugh Corley for IT support.

COLLECTION LOCATION

Historic England, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Rd, Portsmouth PO4 9LD, UK

CONTACT DETAILS

Zooarchaeology, Environmental Studies, Historic England, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Rd, Portsmouth PO4 9LD, UK Polydora Baker, Tel. 02392 856774. E-mail: [email protected] Fay Worley, Tel.: 02392 856789. E-mail: [email protected]

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

INTRODUCTION

The role of the Historic England Research Department vertebrate skeleton reference collection is to: • enable the identification and interpretation of animal remains from archaeological sites in England

• provide comparative material for a long-term study of the development of the ‘traditional’ British domesticated animals

• facilitate research on the biogeography of extinct and introduced species.

Most specimens in this list are from the British Isles, although a small number come from other parts of the Palaearctic, Nearctic and other biogeographical regions. This list, an updated version of Baker et al. (2015) and Corke et al. (2002), aims to provide a general and rapid guide to our holdings. It is intended for zooarchaeologists working on British fauna and workers in other disciplines who may wish to consult our collection. The comprehensive collection is listed in a Microsoft Access database held at Fort Cumberland, and the metadata can be provided on request. The database holds all the available information for each specimen, including the locality from where it came, the criteria used to identify it, how and when it died, the preparation methods, donor and flock/field/ring number. This online collection list only displays selected categories of specimen information (see below); more information may be available via the National Zooarchaeological Reference Resource (NZRR; Fairnell and Orton 2017; https://doi.org/10.5284/1043267) and full information from Historic England.

COLLECTION POLICY

We continue to enlarge the collection and are very willing to exchange specimens; our list indicates which taxa we lack and those that are well-represented. We also have a ‘want’ list of specimens we wish to acquire and a list of specimens in our freezers awaiting preparation, which we are willing to exchange.

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND LICENSES

We abide by all health and safety regulations, including advice from DEFRA (in particular for fallen stock and zoonoses) and all CITES regulations. Historic England, Environmental Studies Branch is included in Annexe B of the Natural England License (Class) To possess and transport dead specimens of wild plant and animal species listed on Annex IV and II(b) of the Habitats Directive for scientific or educational purposes (CL01) (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/licence-to possess-plants-and-animals-for-scientific-purposes).

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

THE COLLECTION

All specimens in the collection are disarticulated. Most have been prepared by incubation in a solution of proteolytic enzyme (Baker et al. 2003; Davis and Payne 1992). The bulk of the collection is on open access in the Environmental Studies laboratory based at Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth. The table below gives the approximate numbers of specimens and number of species by class. The number of specimens includes entire and partial skeletons.

Class Nspecimens Nspecies Fish 146 55 Amphibian 17 5 Reptile 15 9 Bird 1189 220 Mammal 1941 115 Total 3308 404

WEB LIST

Information provided Up to 11 categories of information are included in this web list under the following headings. • Order. The taxonomic order used to produce the web list is taken from ITIS (2020).

• Family. The taxonomic order used to produce the web list is taken from ITIS (2020).

• Latin name. The taxonomic nomenclature used is taken from a variety of sources, full details below, and the taxonomic order from ITIS (2020).

• Common name. European variations are included, as well as the English name, taken from a variety of sources, full details below.

• Type. This column is used to indicate, where known, the breed for domestic animals, and a zoo-bred or laboratory-bred origin for wild species.

• Sex. Where known, this column indicates sex as: c = castrate; f = female; m = male; zz = unknown.

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

• Age. Where known, this column indicates age. Some of the laboratory and farm animals are aged to the nearest day or week. For fish the total length TL, in mm, is given in lieu of age when available. This is the distance between tip of snout and posterior edge of the caudal fin (see Wheeler and Jones 1989, fig 13.1).

• Comp. This column indicates approximately how complete the specimen is. 1 = most or all bones and teeth are present; 2 = partial skeleton (in most cases includes the skull and a mandible, limb girdles, and one fore and one hind limb); 3 = skull and mandibles only; 4 = very incomplete; 5 = other; 6 = left (occasionally right) fore and hind main limb bones only; c refers to casts.

• Locality. County, and island where relevant, are given for specimens from Britain, and country for specimens from overseas; greater detail is usually available.

• HE#. All specimens are assigned a unique catalogue number.

List order Each class is presented in a separate table, beginning with fish, then amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Within each class, the collection list is ordered alphabetically by order, family, genus and species (ITIS 2020). The list reflects super- and sub-divisions, but these are not shown (ITIS 2020). Users are advised to search on both scientific names and common names. Where known, each species is ordered further by type and then sex.

Taxonomy and nomenclature In 2013–14, a review of the taxonomic nomenclature for all species within the database was undertaken. British texts and global online resources were used to research the most up-to-date scientific names: BOU (2013), Forese & Pauly (2014), Frost (2014), Eschmeyer (1980–2104), Gill & Donsker (2013), Harris & Yalden (2008), ITIS (2014), IUCN (2014), The Mammal Society (2014), Uetz & Jin Hosek (1995–2014), Wheeler & Jones (1989), Wilson & Reader (2005) and Yalden & Albarella (2009). There was not complete concordance between all these resources, a reflection of the fact that taxonomy is an ongoing field of research. An example of a species for which the binomial name used can vary is the pig (Sus scrofa/Sus domesticus), highlighting the zooarchaeological problem of the need to differentiate domestic species from their wild progenitors. In 2020, a further review of the scientific names was undertaken, using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF Secretariat 2019). Where possible, the Latin names reflect the accepted species name listed by GBIF Secretariat (2019), while English names reflect those used by a variety of sources.

4 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

REFERENCES

Baker, P, Ayton, G, Fairnell, E, Worley, F and Revill, M 2015 The Historic England zooarchaeology reference collection: description and list. Portsmouth: Historic England Baker, P, Davis, S, Payne, S and Revill, M 2003 On preparing animal skeletons: a simple and effective method. ICAZ Newsletter 4, 4, 15 British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU) (2013) The British List: a checklist of birds of Britain, 8th edn. Ibis 155, 635–76 Corbet, G B and Hill, J E 1986 A World List of Mammalian Species, 2nd ed. London: British Museum (Natural History) Corke, E, Davis, S, Baker, P and Revill, M 2002 A list of vertebrate skeletons in the reference collection of the Centre for Archaeology, Portsmouth. Centre for Archaeology Report 20/2002. Portsmouth: English Heritage Davis, S and Payne, S 1992 ‘101 ways to deal with a dead hedgehog: notes on the preparation of disarticulated skeletons for zoo-archaeological use’. Circaea, The Journal of the Association for Environmental Archaeology 8, 95–104 Eschmeyer, W N 1980–2014 Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. San Francisco, CA: California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmai n.asp, accessed November 2014 Fairnell, E and Orton, D 2017 National Zooarchaeological Reference Resource (NZRR) [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor]. https://doi.org/10.5284/1043267 Froese, R and Pauly, D 2014 FishBase. http://www.fishbase.org, accessed November 2014 Frost, D R 2014 Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference, Version 6. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html, accessed November 2014 GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist Dataset. https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei, accessed July 2020. Gill, F and Donsker, D 2013 IOC World Bird List, Version 4.1. International Ornithologists’ Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ioc-lists/crossref/, accessed November 2014 Harris, S and Yalden, D W 2008 Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th edn. Southampton: The Mammal Society

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

ITIS 2014 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). http://www.itis.gov, accessed November 2014 ITIS 2020 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Data Access: Hierarchical Report. https://www.itis.gov/hierarchy.html, accessed July 2020 IUCN 2014 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org/, accessed November 2014 The Mammal Society 2014 Full Species List. http://www.mammal.org.uk/, accessed November 2014 Peterson, R, Mountfort, G and Hollom, P A D 1983 A Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, 4th edn. London: Harper Collins Publishers Uetz, P and Jirí Hošek (eds) 1995–2014 The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile database.org, accessed November 2014 Wheeler, A 1978 Key to the Fishes of Northern Europe. London: Frederick Warne Wheeler, A and Jones, A K G 1989 Fishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Wilson, D E and Reeder, D M 2005 Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd edn. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. http://vertebrates.si.edu/msw/mswCFApp/msw/index.cfm, accessed November 2014 Yalden, D W and Albarella, U 2009 The History of British Birds. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Fish

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE#

Atheriniformes

Atherinidae

Atherina presbyter Sand-smelt zz 1 619

Beloniformes

Belonidae

Belone belone Garfish m Adult 1 2694 Belone belone Garfish zz 1 1637

Mugiliformes

Mugilidae Chelon labrosus Thick-lipped grey mullet m Adult Cornwall 1 2648 Chelon labrosus Thick-lipped grey mullet zz Cornwall 1 2649 Chelon labrosus Thick-lipped grey mullet zz Cornwall 1 2650 Chelon ramada Thin-lipped grey mullet zz France-Atlantic? 1 1370

Blenniidae Parablennius Tompot blenny f Hampshire 1 4078 gattorugine Callionymidae Callionymus lyra Dragonet (common dragonet) zz 1 607 Callionymus lyra Dragonet (common dragonet) zz 1 608 Callionymus lyra Dragonet (common dragonet) zz 1 609 Callionymus lyra Dragonet (common dragonet) zz 1 610 Callionymus lyra Dragonet (common dragonet) zz 1 611

Labridae Ctenolabrus rupestris Goldsinny (goldsinny wrasse) zz 1 616 Ctenolabrus rupestris Goldsinny (goldsinny wrasse) zz 1 617 Ctenolabrus rupestris Goldsinny (goldsinny wrasse) zz 1 618 Labrus bergylta Ballan wrasse zz Orkney 1 4446 Fish 7

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE#

Carangidae Trachurus trachurus Scad (horse mackerel) f North Atlantic 1 2386 Trachurus trachurus Scad (horse mackerel) m North Atlantic 1 2384

Moronidae

Dicentrarchus labrax Bass (European bass) f Hampshire 1 4073 Dicentrarchus labrax Bass (European bass) f? Solent 1 2403

Dicentrarchus labrax Bass (European bass) Farmed zz 1 4071

Mullidae

Mullus surmuletus Red mullet zz 2 621

Mullus surmuletus Red mullet zz 2 622

Percidae

Perca fluviatilis Perch (Eurasian perch) zz 1 384

Sparidae Sparus aurata Gilthead zz Israel 1 1544 Spondyliosoma Black sea bream f English Channel 1 2378 cantharus Spondyliosoma Black sea bream f? English Channel 1 2388 cantharus Scombridae Scomber scombrus Mackerel (Atlantic mackerel) f Western Approaches 1 2382 Scomber scombrus Mackerel (Atlantic mackerel) f Western Approaches 1 2387

Scomber scombrus Mackerel (Atlantic mackerel) zz 1 517

Pleuronectiformes

Pleuronectidae

Glyptocephalus Witch (witch flounder) zz 1 613 cynoglossus Glyptocephalus Witch (witch flounder) zz 1 614 cynoglossus Glyptocephalus Witch (witch flounder) zz 1 615 cynoglossus Microstomus kitt Lemon sole m? 1 1415 Microstomus kitt Lemon sole Part albino f Adult North Tyneside 1 2653 F ish 8

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE# Microstomus pacificus Dover sole zz 270 mm 1 3379

Platichthys flesus Flounder (European flounder) zz 3 606 Pleuronectes platessa Plaice (European plaice) zz Solent 1 2404 Pleuronectes platessa Plaice (European plaice) Part albino zz North Sea 1 2654

Soleidae

Solea solea Sole zz North Yorkshire 1 4069 Solea solea Sole Albino zz Juvenile? Irish Sea 1 2652

Cottidae

Taurulus bubalis Sea scorpion (longspined sea zz Hampshire 1 4070 scorpion) Triglidae Chelidonichthys cuculus Red gurnard zz London? 1 2695 Chelidonichthys Streaked gurnard f Juvenile North Sea? 1 2644 lastoviza Chelidonichthys Streaked gurnard f 1 2646 lastoviza Chelidonichthys Streaked gurnard m 1 2645 lastoviza Clupeiformes

Clupeidae Clupea harengus Herring (Atlantic herring) m 1 1486

Clupea harengus Herring (Atlantic herring) zz 3 157 Sardina pilchardus Pilchard (European pilchard) f Portugal 1 1447 Sardina pilchardus Pilchard (European pilchard) f Portugal 1 1448 Sardina pilchardus Pilchard (European pilchard) f Portugal 1 1450 Sardina pilchardus Pilchard (European pilchard) m Portugal 1 1449

Sprattus sprattus Sprat (European sprat) zz 1 504

Sprattus sprattus Sprat (European sprat) zz South Yorkshire 1 4445

Engraulidae

Engraulis encrasicolus Anchovy zz 1 4447

Fish 9

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE#

Anguilliformes

Anguillidae Anguilla anguilla Eel (European eel) f? Solent 1 2402

Anguilla anguilla Eel (European eel) zz 4 167

Anguilla anguilla Eel (European eel) zz 2 592 Anguilla anguilla Eel (European eel) zz Solent 1 2400 Anguilla anguilla Eel (European eel) zz Juvenile Cambridgeshire 1 2693

Congridae Conger conger Conger eel m? English Channel 1 2371

Cypriniformes

Cyprinidae

Abramis brama Bream (freshwater bream) zz 1 583 Cyprinus carpio Carp (common carp) f Cambridgeshire 1 2824 Cyprinus carpio Carp (common carp) f Cambridgeshire 1 2825 Cyprinus carpio Carp (common carp) f Cambridgeshire 1 2826 Cyprinus carpio Carp (common carp) f Cambridgeshire 1 2828 Cyprinus carpio Carp (common carp) f Cambridgeshire 1 2829 Cyprinus carpio Carp (common carp) m? Juvenile, Cambridgeshire 1 2831 probably Squalius cephalus Chub f 300 mm Cambridgeshire 1 2807 Squalius cephalus Chub m Cambridgeshire 1 2808 Squalius cephalus Chub m Cambridgeshire 1 2809

Rutilus rutilus Roach zz 1 594

Rutilus rutilus Roach zz Britain? 1 1235 Rutilus rutilus Roach zz 250 mm 1 2871

Tinca tinca Tench zz 1 623

Gadiformes

Gadidae Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) m Adult North Sea 1 2647

Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) m 1 4076

F ish 10

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE#

Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) m 1 4077

Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) zz 3 65

Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) zz 3 513

Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) zz 5 577 Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) zz Dorset 1 1313 Gadus morhua Cod (Atlantic cod) zz 850 mm Hampshire 1 3410

Melanogrammus Haddock zz Orkney 1 4448 aeglefinus Melanogrammus Haddock zz Northumberland 1 4449 aeglefinus Merlangius merlangus Whiting m North Atlantic 1 2372 Merlangius merlangus Whiting m North Atlantic 1 2379

Merlangius merlangus Whiting zz 2 158

Merlangius merlangus Whiting zz 3 510

Merlangius merlangus Whiting zz Solent 1 4072

Micromesistius Blue whiting zz 1 595 poutassou Pollachius pollachius Pollack f North Atlantic 1 2381 Pollachius virens Saithe f North Atlantic 1 2380 Trisopterus luscus Bib f 3-4 years 1 4075 Molva molva Ling (European ling) f North Atlantic 1 2370 Molva molva Ling (European ling) f? 1 2363

Molva molva Ling (European ling) m 1 4079

Molva molva Ling (European ling) m 1 4080

Molva molva Ling (European ling) zz 5 160 Molva molva Ling (European ling) zz North Atlantic 1 2385

Merlucciidae Merluccius merluccius Hake (European hake) m North Atlantic 1 2383

Lophiiformes

Lophiidae Lophius piscatorius Angler (anglerfish) Albino zz Lancashire 1 2655 F ish 11

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE#

Esociformes

Esocidae Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) f Adult Hampshire 1 2658 Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 2660 Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) m Subadult Hampshire 1 2659 Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) m Adult Hampshire 1 2661

Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) zz 1 79

Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) zz 1 150

Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) zz 5 291

Esox lucius Pike (northern pike) zz 5 292

Osmeriformes

Osmeridae Osmerus eperlanus Smelt zz Solent 1 2405 Osmerus eperlanus Smelt zz Solent 1 2406 Osmerus eperlanus Smelt zz Solent 1 2407 Osmerus eperlanus Smelt zz Solent 1 2408

Salmoniformes

Salmonidae

Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout zz 1 596 Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout zz 1 2487 Salmo salar Salmon (Atlantic salmon) zz 1 1423 Salmo salar Salmon (Atlantic salmon) Farmed zz Scotland? 1 1355 Salmo trutta Trout (brown trout) f? 565 mm Essex 1 3302

Salmo trutta Trout (brown trout) zz 5 597

Salmo trutta Trout (brown trout) zz 2 598

Salmo trutta Trout (brown trout) Farmed zz Cambridgeshire 1 1353

Salmo trutta Trout (brown trout) Farmed zz Cambridgeshire 1 1354 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) f North Yorkshire 1 2431 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) f Dorset 1 2442

F ish 12

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age/TL Locality Comp. HE# Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) f Adult Hampshire 1 2663 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) f Adult Hampshire 1 2665 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) m North Yorkshire 1 2429 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) m North Yorkshire 1 2433 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) m Adult Hampshire 1 2662 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) m Adult? Hampshire 1 2664 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) m Adult? Hampshire 1 2666 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) m? North Yorkshire 1 2432 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) zz North Yorkshire 1 2430 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) zz Dorset 1 2444 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) zz Dorset 1 2445 Thymallus thymallus Grayling (European grayling) zz Dorset 1 2446

Rajiformes

Rajidae Raja clavata Roker (thornback skate, thornback ray) f Western Approaches 1 2377

Raja clavata Roker (thornback skate, thornback ray) zz 5 159

Raja montagui Spotted ray zz 3 604

Squaliformes

Squalidae

Squalus acanthias Spurdog (piked dogfish) zz 1 601

Squalus acanthias Spurdog (piked dogfish) zz 1 749 Squalus acanthias Spurdog (piked dogfish) Albino f Adult Irish Sea 1 2657 Squalus acanthias Spurdog (piked dogfish) Albino m Adult Irish Sea 1 2656

Squatiniformes

Squatinidae

Squatina squatina Monkfish (angelshark) zz 4 2840

Fish 13

Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

AMPHIBIANS

Order Family Latin name Common name Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Anura

Bufonidae Bufo bufo Common toad (European toad) f Adult Cumbria 1 3976 Bufo bufo Common toad (European toad) zz 1 46 Bufo bufo Common toad (European toad) zz Juvenile Cambridgeshire 1 2489 Epidalea calamita Natterjack toad f Adult Hampshire 1 3951 Epidalea calamita Natterjack toad m Immature Hampshire 1 3942

Ranidae Rana temporaria Frog (European frog) f Adult Dyfed 1 2793 Rana temporaria Frog (European frog) f 2+ years Cambridgeshire 2 3210 Rana temporaria Frog (European frog) f 2+ years Cambridgeshire 1 3211

Rana temporaria Frog (European frog) m 1 3940 Rana temporaria Frog (European frog) zz Hertfordshire 1 2217 Rana temporaria Frog (European frog) zz Essex 1 2543 Rana temporaria? Frog (European frog)? f Mid Glamorgan 1 2451 Rana temporaria? Frog (European frog)? zz Hampshire 1 4554

Caudata

Salamandridae Lissotriton helveticus Palmate newt f Adult Angus 1 3973 Lissotriton helveticus Palmate newt m Adult Angus 1 3974 Lissotriton vulgaris Smooth newt m Adult Hampshire 1 3975 Lissotriton sp. Newt species zz West Sussex 1 4544

Amphibians 14 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

REPTILES

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Squamata

Anguidae Anguis fragilis Slow worm zz Hampshire 1 2093 Anguis fragilis Slow worm f Adult West Sussex 1 3977

Lacertidae Lacerta agilis Sand lizard m Adult Dorset 1 4003 Zootoca vivipara Common lizard (European common m Adult Hampshire 1 4002 lizard, viviparous lizard)

Colubridae Coronella austriaca Smooth snake m Adult Dorset 1 3939 Coronella austriaca Smooth snake f Adult Dorset 1 3952

Natrix natrix Grass snake (European grass snake) m 2 4427 Natrix natrix Grass snake (European grass snake) m Adult Essex 1 3978 Natrix natrix Grass snake (European grass snake) f Adult South Yorkshire 1 2692 Natrix natrix Grass snake (European grass snake) f Adult Essex 1 3972

Pythonidae

Python sp. Python species Zoo zz London 3 4450

Viperidae Vipera berus Adder (northern viper) f North Yorkshire 1 2162

Testudines

Cheloniidae

Chelonia mydas Green turtle Zoo zz London 3 4452

Testudinidae Testudo sp. Tortoise species zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 2 4156 Testudo sp. Tortoise species zz 1 2115

Reptiles 15 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Birds

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Accipitriformes

Accipitridae Accipiter gentilis Goshawk (northern goshawk) f Adult Poland 6 1595 Accipiter gentilis Goshawk (northern goshawk) Zoo zz Adult Poland 6 1598 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Skeletally mature Inverness-shire 1 4284 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Ross and Cromarty 4 2574 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f 1 year Gloucestershire 1 2551 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Cheshire 1 2730 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Essex 1 2434 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Suffolk 1 2515 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f 1 year East Lothian 1 2614 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Northumberland 1 2673 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f 1 year Perthshire 1 2760 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f 2 years Berkshire 1 2571 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f 2 years Cambridgeshire 1 2615 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Hereford and 1 4461 Worcester Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f 1 year Dumfries and 1 2559 Galloway Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Norfolk 1 3415 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Adult Gwynedd 1 2575 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Grampian 1 2676 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Grampian 1 2564 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Juvenile Berkshire 1 3417 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Adult Powys 1 2560 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f Adult Lancashire 1 2640 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) f? Hertfordshire 1 1169 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Juvenile Northamptonshire 1 2672 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m 1 year Dorset 1 3416

Birds 16 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m 1 year Ross and Cromarty 4 2612 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Adult Cambridgeshire 1 2588 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Adult UK 1 3418 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Adult Yorkshire 1 2757 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Juvenile Carmarthenshire 1 3918 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Juvenile Leicestershire 1 2558 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m 1 year Oxfordshire 1 2587 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4283 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m Juvenile Lancashire 1 2639 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m 1 year Somerset 1 2610 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m? Gwynedd 1 2322 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m? Lancashire 1 2641 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m? UK 1 2457 Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk (Eurasian sparrowhawk) m? Juvenile Merseyside 1 2534 Aquila chrysaetos Golden eagle f 3–4 years Corsica c 1617 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Juvenile Dyfed 1 2990 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Adult Somerset 2 3334 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Adult Dyfed 1 2982 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Cornwall 1 2920 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Adult Dyfed 1 2590 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Adult Derbyshire 1 4382 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f Adult Cumbria 1 2747 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) f 1 year Dumfries and 1 2682 Galloway Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) m Juvenile West 2 3335 Dunbartonshire Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) m Adult Hampshire 1 4032 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) m? Powys 1 1189 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) m? Powys 1 1188 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) m? Powys 1 1187 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) zz Skeletally mature Inner Hebrides 1 4285

B irds 17 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4287 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) zz Skeletally mature Aberdeenshire? 1 4286 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) zz Wales 1 2522 Buteo buteo Buzzard (common buzzard) zz Powys 1 1186 Buteo lagopus Rough-legged buzzard zz c 1635 Circus aeruginosus Marsh harrier (western marsh harrier) f Adult Spain 6 3443 Circus cyaneus Hen harrier m Adult Orkney 1 3346 Circus cyaneus Hen harrier zz Juvenile Tyne and Wear 1 3371 Circus cyaneus Hen harrier zz Buteshire 1 2915 Circus pygargus Montagu’s harrier f Adult Portugal 6 3441 Circus pygargus Montagu’s harrier m Adult Portugal 6 3894 Circus pygargus Montagu’s harrier zz Juvenile Spain 1 1539 Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed eagle f Adult Greenland 1 1438 Milvus migrans Black kite zz Spain 1 1537 Milvus milvus Red kite f Adult Dyfed 4 2581 Milvus milvus Red kite f Adult Gwynedd 4 2578 Milvus milvus Red kite f Adult Dyfed 4 2580 Milvus milvus Red kite m? Portugal 6 3895 Milvus milvus Red kite zz Large nestling Dyfed 1 2577 Milvus milvus Red kite zz Juvenile Dyfed 1 2947 Milvus milvus Red kite zz 1st winter Dyfed 2 2579 Milvus milvus Red kite zz Dyfed 4 1435 Milvus milvus Red kite zz Dyfed 1 2981 Milvus milvus Red kite zz Dyfed 1 2980 Parabuteo Harris’s hawk Captive m 2 years Kent 1 4065 unicinctus Pernis apivorus Honey-buzzard (European honey m Portugal 6 3896 buzzard) Pandionidae Pandion haliaetus Osprey (western osprey) zz c 1634

Birds 18 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Anseriformes

Anatidae Aix galericulata Mandarin duck f Clwyd 1 2258 Anas acuta Pintail (northern pintail) f North Yorkshire 1 1527 Anas acuta Pintail (northern pintail) f Skeletally mature Dumfriesshire 2 4176 Anas acuta Pintail (northern pintail) m Cambridgeshire/ 1 2267 Norfolk Anas acuta Pintail (northern pintail) m North Yorkshire 1 1528 Anas acuta Pintail (northern pintail) Wild m 1st winter Gloucestershire 1 3880 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) f Israel 4 1575 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3903 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) f Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4272 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) f Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4273 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) m Israel 4 1574 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) m Skeletally mature Dumfriesshire 1 4274 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3988 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) Captive f Adult Sussex 1 3905 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) Captive m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3500 Anas clypeata Shoveler (northern shoveler) Captive m Adult Sussex 1 3494 Anas crecca Teal (Eurasian teal) f Skeletally mature Norfolk 2 4281 Anas crecca Teal (Eurasian teal) f Adult Scottish Borders 1 3472 Anas crecca Teal (Eurasian teal) f Buckinghamshire? 1 1414 Anas crecca Teal (Eurasian teal) m Adult Spain 6 3450 Anas crecca Teal (Eurasian teal) m Lancashire 1 2622 Anas crecca Teal (Eurasian teal) m? Skeletally mature Norfolk 2 4282 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) f Adult Orkney 1 3478 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) f Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4279 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) f The Wash 1 2541 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) m Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4278 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) m Adult 1 3355 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) m Buckinghamshire? 1 1413 B irds 19 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) m Juvenile Scottish Borders 1 3473 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) zz Skeletally mature Dumfriesshire 1 4280 Anas penelope Wigeon (Eurasian wigeon) Captive m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3479 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f Adult Hampshire 1 3882 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f Juvenile 1 2108 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f Essex 1 2814 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f Essex 1 2117 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f 1 2109 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f 1 2107 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard f Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4276 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m Adult Essex 1 3123 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m Essex 1 2474 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m Cambridgeshire 1 2076 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m 1 706 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m Skeletally mature Northamptonshire 1 4277 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4275 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard m Adult Wiltshire 1 4019 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Welsh f c. 10 months Mid Glamorgan 2 2804 harlequin Anas querquedula Garganey m Bulgaria 4 1608 Anas querquedula Garganey m Juvenile Spain 6 3430 Anas querquedula Garganey Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3468

Anas querquedula Garganey Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3469 Anas querquedula Garganey Captive m Adult West Sussex 1 3984 Anas strepera Gadwall f North Yorkshire 1 1531 Anas strepera Gadwall m North Yorkshire 1 1529 Anas strepera Gadwall m North Yorkshire 1 1530 Anas strepera Gadwall Captive f Adult 1 3864 Aythya ferina Pochard (common pochard) f Lancashire 1 2627 Aythya ferina Pochard (common pochard) m Adult Spain 6 3862 B irds 20 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Aythya ferina Pochard (common pochard) m Adult Sussex 1 3961 Aythya ferina Pochard (common pochard) Captive m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3959 Aythya ferina? Pochard? f North Yorkshire 2 1623 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck f 1 2261 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck f Essex 1 2376 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck f Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4269 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck m Adult 1 3356 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck m England 2 1624 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck m Skeletally mature Norfolk 2 4268 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4270 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4271 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck Wild m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3492 Aythya fuligula Tufted duck Wild m Adult Sussex 1 3491 Aythya marila Scaup (greater scaup) f Adult The Wash 1 2545 Aythya marila Scaup (greater scaup) m Bedfordshire 1 711 Aythya marila Scaup (greater scaup) m Lancashire 1 2870 Aythya marila Scaup (greater scaup) m The Wash 2 2546 Aythya marila Scaup (greater scaup) m The Wash 1 2550 Bucephala clangula Goldeneye (common goldeneye) f Adult Berwickshire 1 3405 Bucephala clangula Goldeneye (common goldeneye) m 1st winter Berwickshire 1 3406 Bucephala clangula Goldeneye (common goldeneye) Captive f Adult Sussex 1 3493 Bucephala clangula Goldeneye (common goldeneye) Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3937 Bucephala clangula Goldeneye (common goldeneye) Captive m 19 years Gloucestershire 1 3467 Cairina moschata Muscovy duck zz Skeletally mature 4 705 Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed duck f Germany 1 1465 Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed duck f Adult Sussex 1 3913 Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed duck Captive m 1 year Sussex 1 3910 Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed duck Captive m 3 years Sussex 1 3909 Melanitta fusca Velvet scoter f Poland 2 1621 Melanitta fusca Velvet scoter zz Adult Poland 1 1596

Birds 21 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Melanitta nigra Common scoter f Poland 4 1613 Melanitta nigra Common scoter m Adult Portugal 6 3437 Melanitta nigra Common scoter m Adult 2 3372 Melanitta nigra Common scoter m Wales 1 2702 Melanitta nigra Common scoter m England 2 1625 Melanitta nigra Common scoter Captive f 6 years West Sussex 1 3954 Mergellus albellus Smew f 2 years Carmarthenshire 1 3428 Mergellus albellus Smew Captive f 3 years Lancashire 1 3444 Mergellus albellus Smew Captive m 3 years Northumberland 1 3955 Mergellus albellus Smew Captive m 9 years Lancashire 1 3989 Mergus merganser Goosander (common merganser) f Lancashire 1 1507 Mergus merganser Goosander (common merganser) f Powys 2 1184 Mergus merganser Goosander (common merganser) f Adult Nottinghamshire 1 3312 Mergus merganser Goosander (common merganser) m Adult West Sussex 1 3957 Mergus merganser Goosander (common merganser) m 7 years Lancashire 1 3408 Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser f Lancashire 1 1504 Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser m 1 year Lancashire 6 3860 Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser m? Cumbria 1 2678 Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4178 Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4177 Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4179 Oxyura leucocephala White-headed duck m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3865 Oxyura leucocephala White-headed duck Captive f Adult Sussex 1 4033 Oxyura leucocephala White-headed duck Captive f 1 year Gloucestershire 1 3471 Oxyura leucocephala White-headed duck Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3958 Oxyura leucocephala White-headed duck Captive m Adult West Sussex 1 3981 Oxyura leucocephala White-headed duck Captive m 2 years Gloucestershire 1 3470 Somateria Eider (common eider) f Lancashire 1 1509 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) f Skeletally mature Orkney 2 4266 mollissima

B irds 22 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Somateria Eider (common eider) f Orkney 1 2595 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) f Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4267 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) f Adult Britain 1 2620 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) f? Juvenile Orkney 1 2709 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) m Adult Lancashire 1 2635 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) m Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4265 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) zz co. Durham- 1 1215 mollissima Northumberland Somateria Eider (common eider) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4264 mollissima Somateria Eider (common eider) Captive m 6 year Carmarthenshire 1 3490 mollissima Anser albifrons White-fronted goose (greater white- m? Juvenile Lancashire 1 2256 fronted goose) Anser albifrons White-fronted goose (greater white- Captive m 16 years Gloucestershire 1 3898 fronted goose) Anser albifrons White-fronted goose (Greenland f Adult Gloucestershire 1 4001 flavirostris subspecies) Anser albifrons White-fronted goose (Greenland Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3902 flavirostris subspecies) Anser anser Greylag goose f Norfolk 1 2488

Anser anser Greylag goose f 1 2113 Anser anser Greylag goose zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4173 Anser anser Greylag goose zz Juvenile England? 1 2134 Anser anser Greylag goose zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4174 Anser anser Greylag goose Domestic zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4192 Anser anser Greylag goose Domestic zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4191 Anser anser Greylag goose Domestic zz Adult 1 4066 Anser anser Greylag goose Domestic f Old Derbyshire 1 2696 Ebden cross

Birds 23 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Anser anser Greylag goose White m Essex 1 2516 farmyard goose Anser anser anser Greylag goose Western race m Adult Somerset 1 3465 Anser Pink-footed goose m Lancashire 1 2629 brachyrhynchus Anser Pink-footed goose m Lancashire 1 2630 brachyrhynchus Anser Pink-footed goose Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3980 brachyrhynchus Anser Pink-footed goose Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3453 brachyrhynchus Anser Pink-footed goose Wild f Adult Lancashire 1 4031 brachyrhynchus Branta bernicla Brent goose (Brant goose) m West Sussex 1 1534 Branta bernicla Brent goose (Brant goose) Dark-bellied f Juvenile Sussex 1 3481

Branta bernicla Brent goose (Brant goose) Dark bellied f Adult 1 3964 bernicla Branta canadensis Canada goose (greater Canada goose) m Adult Hampshire 1 3907 Branta canadensis Canada goose (greater Canada goose) zz Essex 1 2761 Branta canadensis Canada goose (greater Canada goose) zz 1 1417 Branta leucopsis Barnacle goose f Adult Cumbria 1 3427 Branta leucopsis Barnacle goose m Bedfordshire 1 708

Branta leucopsis Barnacle goose Captive f Adult 1 3986 Branta leucopsis? Barnacle goose? zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4263 Branta ruficollis Red-breasted goose Captive f 12 years Carmarthenshire 1 3466 Branta ruficollis Red-breasted goose Captive m 4 years Carmarthenshire 1 3464 Chen caerulescens Snow goose zz Juvenile 1 1418 Chen caerulescens Snow goose zz Bedfordshire 1 753 Chen caerulescens Lesser snow goose Captive m? Adult London 1 3876 caerulescens Chen canagica Emperor goose f 1 2140 Chen canagica Emperor goose zz 1 2079 Coscoroba coscoroba Coscoroba swan zz Bedfordshire 1 715

B irds 24 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s swan (tundra swan) m 11 years Sussex 1 3424 Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s swan (tundra swan) m 12 years Carmarthenshire 1 3956 Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s swan (tundra swan) Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3983 Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s swan (tundra swan) Captive f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3914 Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s swan (tundra swan) Captive m Adult Gloucestershire 1 4030 Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s swan (tundra swan) Ex wild bird f 15+ years Gloucestershire 1 4068 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan f Adult Dumfries and 1 3911 Galloway Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan f? 2nd winter Lancashire 1 2679 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan f? 2nd winter Lancashire 1 2651 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4172 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4171 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan Wild f Adult Dumfries and 1 3499 Galloway Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan Wild m Adult Dumfries and 1 3498 Galloway Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan Wild migrant f Juvenile Lancashire 1 3456 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan Wild migrant m Adult Lancashire 1 3457 Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan Wild migrant m Juvenile Lancashire 1 3455 Cygnus olor Mute swan f Adult Gloucestershire 1 4024 Cygnus olor Mute swan f Adult Gloucestershire 1 4027 Cygnus olor Mute swan f? Juvenile South Yorkshire? 1 2398 Cygnus olor Mute swan f? Adult London 1 2208 Cygnus olor Mute swan f? Powys 1 1190 Cygnus olor Mute swan m Juvenile South Yorkshire 2 2362 Cygnus olor Mute swan m Adult Gloucestershire 1 4023 Cygnus olor Mute swan m? Adult London 2 2209 Cygnus olor Mute swan zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4170 Cygnus olor Mute swan zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4169 Cygnus olor Mute swan zz Not skeletally Outer Hebrides 1 4168 mature? Cygnus olor Mute swan zz 1 week before Hampshire 1 3878 hatch B irds 25 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Dendrocygna sp. Whistling duck species zz 1 2100 Tadorna tadorna Shelduck (common shelduck) f Adult Lancashire 1 2638 Tadorna tadorna Shelduck (common shelduck) f The Wash 1 2548 Tadorna tadorna Shelduck (common shelduck) m The Wash 1 2539 Tadorna tadorna Shelduck (common shelduck) m Adult The Wash 1 2549 Tadorna tadorna Shelduck (common shelduck) zz Norfolk 1 2337 Tadorna tadorna Shelduck (common shelduck) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 2 4175

Apodiformes

Apodidae Apus apus Swift (common swift) f UK 1 2461 Apus apus Swift (common swift) f Adult Cambridgeshire 1 2691 Apus apus Swift (common swift) m Young UK 1 2485 Apus apus Swift (common swift) m? UK 1 2483

Caprimulgiformes

Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus Nightjar (European nightjar) f? Spain 1 1502 europaeus Caprimulgus Nightjar (European nightjar) m Fledgling Dorset 1 3946 europaeus Caprimulgus Nightjar (European nightjar) zz Italy 6 1605 europaeus

Alcidae Alca torda Razorbill f Merseyside 1 2674 Alca torda Razorbill f Dyfed 1 1524 Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 2719 Alca torda Razorbill zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4329 Alca torda Razorbill zz Skeletally mature Orkney 2 4331 Alca torda Razorbill zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4330 Alca torda Razorbill zz Skeletally mature Caithness and 1 4332 Sutherland Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 2718 B irds 26 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Alca torda Razorbill zz Sutherland 1 2412 Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 2608 Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 2606 Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 2604 Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 2601 Alca torda Razorbill zz Orkney 1 1428 Alca torda Razorbill zz Adult Norfolk 1 2642 Alle alle Little auk m Adult Orkney 1 3448

Alle alle Little auk m Adult 1 3960 Alle alle Little auk m Merseyside 1 2626 Alle alle Little auk m? Wales 1 2523 Alle alle Little auk zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4376 Alle alle Little auk zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4375 Alle alle Little auk zz The Wash 1 2540 Alle alle Little auk zz Orkney 1 2729 Alle alle Little auk zz Orkney 1 2517 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot f Shetland 1 3286 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot f Shetland 1 3287 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot m Shetland 1 3285 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot m Shetland 1 3284 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot m Poland 6 1584 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot zz Shetland 1 3280 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot zz Skeletally mature Orkney 2 4372 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4374 Cepphus grylle Black guillemot zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4373 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) f Adult Portugal 6 3436 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) m Orkney 1 2518 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Sutherland 1 2411 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Orkney 1 2721 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4370

B irds 27 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4369 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4368 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Skeletally mature Caithness and 1 4371 Sutherland Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Juvenile Dyfed 1 2554 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Sutherland 1 2425 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Sutherland 1 2424 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Orkney 1 2722 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Orkney 1 2720 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Orkney 1 2607 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Orkney 1 2605 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Orkney 1 2586 Fratercula arctica Puffin (Atlantic puffin) zz Sutherland 1 2409 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) f Dyfed 1 2553 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) m Wales 1 2562 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Sutherland 1 2418 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Juvenile Wales 1 2511 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4327 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4326 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Orkney 1 3380 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Orkney 1 2717 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Skeletally mature Ross and Cromarty 1 4328 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Orkney 1 2599 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Orkney 1 2597 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz England? 1 2133 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz England? 1 2129 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz 1 2097 Uria aalge Common guillemot (common murre) zz Sutherland 1 2417 Uria lomvia Brunnich’s guillemot (thick-billed zz 1 452 murre)

Birds 28 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Burhinidae Burhinus Stone-curlew (Eurasian stone-curlew) f Adult Portugal 6 3434 oedicnemus Charadriidae

Charadrius hiaticula Ringed plover (common ringed plover) m Adult North Sea 1 3943 Pluvialis apricaria Golden plover (European golden m Adult Essex 1 3948 plover) Pluvialis apricaria Golden plover (European golden m Juvenile 2 3354 plover) Pluvialis apricaria Golden plover (European golden zz West Yorkshire 1 1518 plover) Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover m? The Wash 4 2994 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 1 3012

Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz Adult 1 3950 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 2 3010 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 1 3014 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 1 3013 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 1 3007 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 1 3006 Pluvialis squatarola Grey plover zz The Wash 1 3011 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) f Norfolk 1 2991 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3930 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3924 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3920 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4306

Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz 4 305 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4307 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4305 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4304 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz Lancashire 1 2621 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz 1 441 Vanellus vanellus Lapwing (northern lapwing) zz Juvenile Orkney 1 2716

B irds 29 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Haematopodidae Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) f Lincolnshire 1 2881 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) f Immature Lincolnshire 1 3962 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) f Adult Lincolnshire 1 3965 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) f? Adult Wales 1 2701 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) f? Adult Cumbria 1 3858 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) zz Wales 1 2703 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) zz Skeletally mature Ross and Cromarty 1 4303 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4301 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) zz Skeletally mature East Sussex 1 4302 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) zz Orkney 1 2465 ostralegus Haematopus Oystercatcher (Eurasian oystercatcher) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4300 ostralegus Laridae Chroicocephalus Slender-billed gull zz Adult Bulgaria 2 1615 genei Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull f Young adult? Oxfordshire 1 2106 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull f Adult Essex 1 2790 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull f England? 1 2132 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull f? Wales 1 2524 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull m Adult Lincolnshire 1 3881 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull m Sutherland 1 2415 ridibundus

B irds 30 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull m? Dyfed 1 2537 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull m? North Yorkshire 1 2230 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull m? Dyfed 1 2495 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull zz Skeletally mature East Sussex 1 4314 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4316 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4315 ridibundus Chroicocephalus Black-headed gull zz Juvenile Essex 1 2512 ridibundus Ichthyaetus Mediterranean gull m Adult Hampshire 1 3489 melanocephalus Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) f Immature Lincolnshire 1 3897 Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) f Juvenile Britain 1 2681 Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) m 2nd year Kent 1 4013 Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) m? Juvenile Dyfed 1 2494 Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) zz 1 2111 Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4318 Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4319

Larus argentatus Herring gull (European herring gull) zz Skeletally mature 1 4317 Larus canus Common gull (mew gull) f Young adult Dyfed 1 2796 Larus canus Common gull (mew gull) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4186 Larus canus Common gull (mew gull) zz Dorset 1 672 Larus canus Common gull (mew gull) zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4185 Larus fuscus Lesser black-backed gull f Adult 1 3374 Larus fuscus Lesser black-backed gull m Juvenile 1 2126 Larus fuscus Lesser black-backed gull zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4182 Larus glaucoides Iceland gull zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4183 Larus hyperboreus Glaucous gull f Juvenile Gloucestershire 1 4379 Larus hyperboreus Glaucous gull zz Skeletally mature Orkney 2 4184

B irds 31 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4320 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz 1 2080 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz 1 2252 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Orkney 1 2598 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Orkney 1 2708 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Juvenile Orkney 1 2789 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4322 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4321 Larus marinus Great black-backed gull zz Juvenile Orkney 1 2762 Larus cachinnans? Caspian gull? zz Italy 1 1597 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) f Adult Tyne and Wear 1 3321 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) f Adult Tyne and Wear 1 3320 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) f Adult Tyne and Wear 1 3319 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) f Adult Northumberland 1 3359 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) m Adult Tyne and Wear 1 3322 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) m Adult Worcestershire 1 3477 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz 1 2262 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz Juvenile? Orkney? 1 2753 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4323 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4325 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz Adult Orkney 1 2754 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz Northumberland 1 2437 Rissa tridactyla Kittiwake (black-legged kittiwake) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4324

Sterna hirundo Common tern f Adult 1 3970 Sterna hirundo? Common tern? zz 1 2254 Sterna nilotica Gull-billed tern zz Italy 1 1543 Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern f Adult 1 3358 Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern f Adult 2 3363 Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern m Adult 1 3362 Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4189

Birds 32 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4187 Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern zz Not skeletally Orkney 1 4188 mature Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra Avocet (pied avocet) f Adult Portugal 6 3440 avosetta Recurvirostra Avocet (pied avocet) zz Belgium 1 1560 avosetta Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos Common sandpiper m Adult Poland 6 3859 Actitis hypoleucos Common sandpiper zz Derbyshire 1 1542 Actitis hypoleucos Common sandpiper zz 1 1514 Arenaria interpres Turnstone (ruddy turnstone) f 1 3057 Arenaria interpres Turnstone (ruddy turnstone) f? 1 3056 Arenaria interpres Turnstone (ruddy turnstone) zz 1 3058 Arenaria interpres Turnstone (ruddy turnstone) zz 1 3055 Arenaria interpres Turnstone (ruddy turnstone) zz 1 3054 Calidris alba Sanderling f Adult Norfolk/East 1 4416 Anglia Calidris alba Sanderling f Adult Norfolk 1 3947 Calidris alba Sanderling m Adult 2 3365 Calidris alba Sanderling m Adult Norfolk/East 1 4417 Anglia Calidris alba Sanderling zz Portugal 6 3857 Calidris alpina Dunlin f 4 3064 Calidris alpina Dunlin f 1 3060 Calidris alpina Dunlin f Kent 1 1440 Calidris alpina Dunlin f Adult 4 3033 Calidris alpina Dunlin f 1 3037 Calidris alpina Dunlin m 1 3036 Calidris alpina Dunlin m 1 3038 Calidris alpina Dunlin m 1 3061 Calidris alpina Dunlin m 1 3062 B irds 33 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Calidris alpina Dunlin m? 1 3035 Calidris alpina Dunlin m? 1 3063 Calidris alpina Dunlin m? Juvenile West Sussex 1 2917 Calidris alpina Dunlin zz 4 3034 Calidris alpina Dunlin zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4310 Calidris alpina Dunlin zz Cumbria 1 1516 Calidris alpina Dunlin zz 1 3065 Calidris alpina Dunlin zz Cumbria 1 1515 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) f 1 3048 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) f 1 3051 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) f 1 3293 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) f 1 3294 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) f Adult 2 3377 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) m 4 3050 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) m 1 3049 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) m Adult 1 3291 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) m Adult Merseyside 1 2619 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) m? 1 3292 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4308 Calidris canutus Knot (red knot) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4309 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) f Scottish Borders 1 1523

Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) f immature 1 3922 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) f Norfolk 1 2354 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) f Ireland 1 394 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) m Adult North Lincolnshire 1 3928 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) m Scottish Borders 1 1522 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) m Norfolk 1 2353 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) m Sussex 1 2856 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4345 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4344

Birds 34 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4343 Gallinago gallinago Snipe (common snipe) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4342 Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed godwit m Adult The Wash 1 2992 Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed godwit zz The Wash 1 2993 Lymnocryptes Jack snipe m UK 1 2486 minimus Lymnocryptes Jack snipe m Adult 2 3361 minimus Lymnocryptes Jack snipe m Adult Orkney 1 3480 minimus Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) f Adult 1 3999 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) f Adult Shropshire? 1 2904 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) f Adult The Wash 1 3004 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) f? The Wash 1 3003 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) m? The Wash 1 3000 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz Not skeletally Orkney 2 4355 mature Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz Skeletally mature West Lothian 4 4356 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 5 4357 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz The Wash 1 3009 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz The Wash 1 3008 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz The Wash 1 3005 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz Shetland 1 3340 Numenius arquata Curlew (Eurasian curlew) zz Adult Lincolnshire 1 3971 Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel f? Cheshire? 1 2264 Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel m Portugal 6 3863 Philomachus pugnax Ruff m Adult Spain 6 3433 Philomachus pugnax Ruff m? Italy 2 1620 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) f Sussex 1 2857 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) f Adult East Sussex 1 2918 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) m Adult North Yorkshire 1 3932 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) m Adult North Lincolnshire 1 3923

B irds 35 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) m Ireland 1 388 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) m South Yorkshire 1 2301 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) m? South Yorkshire 1 2374 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4346 Scolopax rusticola Woodcock (Eurasian woodcock) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4347 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) f The Wash 1 3040 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) f Adult Lancashire 1 2618 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) f Norfolk? 4 3043 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) f Norfolk? 1 3046 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) f Norfolk? 1 3045 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) m Adult Lancashire 1 2616 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) m Norfolk? 1 3047 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) m Norfolk? 1 3041 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) m? Norfolk? 1 3044 Tringa totanus Redshank (common redshank) zz Juvenile Lancashire 1 2617

Stercorariidae Stercorarius Arctic skua (parasitic jaegar) f Adult 1 3357 parasiticus Stercorarius Arctic skua (parasitic jaegar) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4312 parasiticus Stercorarius Arctic skua (parasitic jaegar) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4311 parasiticus Stercorarius Arctic skua (parasitic jaegar) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 4 4313 parasiticus Stercorarius Arctic skua (parasitic jaegar)? zz Orkney 1 2466 parasiticus? Stercorarius skua Great skua f Adult Worcestershire 1 3350 Stercorarius skua Great skua zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4180 Stercorarius skua Great skua zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4181

Ciconiiformes

Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia White stork Zoo? zz Germany 1 1472

B irds 36 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Columbiformes

Columbidae Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) f Adult London 1 4055 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) f Adult Spain 6 3438 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) m Essex 1 2138 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) m? Juvenile? Essex 1 2499 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Juvenile London 1 4054 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz 4–6 months Suffolk 1 2137 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Juvenile London 1 4053 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Not skeletally Orkney 1 4086 mature Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4204 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 4 4085 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 5 4203 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) zz Adult Hampshire 1 3915 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) Racing pigeon m? Adult North Yorkshire 1 4426 Columba livia Rock dove (feral pigeon) Racing pigeon, m c. 10–11 months Norfolk 1 2633 Busheart strain Columba livia? Rock dove? f 1 2121 Columba livia? Rock dove? f 1 2120 Columba livia? Rock dove? f 1 2118 Columba livia? Rock dove? f 1 2119 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) f Cambridgeshire 1 1130 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) f Adult Essex 1 2710 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) f Adult Hampshire 1 3483 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) f Adult Hampshire 1 3484 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) f Adult Hampshire 1 3485 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) f Adult West Sussex 1 4048 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m Adult Hampshire 1 3487 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3938

B irds 37 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m Adult Nottinghamshire 1 4049 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m Adult Nottinghamshire 1 4050 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m Juvenile Hampshire 1 3486 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m Juvenile Hampshire 1 3488 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) m? Immature North Yorkshire 1 4443 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) zz Fledgling West Sussex 1 4400 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) zz Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 5 4205 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) zz Juvenile Hampshire 1 4428 Columba palumbus Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon) zz Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 4 4206 Columba palumbus? Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon)? m? Juvenile Essex 1 2685 Columba palumbus? Woodpigeon (common wood pigeon)? zz Skeletally mature North Lincolnshire 1 4207 Columba sp. Pigeon species zz 1 665 Columba sp. Pigeon species zz c. 3 days, squab West Sussex 1 4401 Streptopelia Collared dove (Eurasian collared dove) f Adult Kent 1 3992 decaocto Streptopelia Collared dove (Eurasian collared dove) f Adult Nottinghamshire 1 3967 decaocto Streptopelia Collared dove (Eurasian collared dove) f Adult Dyfed 1 2795 decaocto Streptopelia Collared dove (Eurasian collared dove) zz Juvenile? Hertfordshire 1 2218 decaocto Streptopelia Collared dove (Eurasian collared dove) zz Fledgling Hampshire 1 3912 decaocto Streptopelia turtur Turtle dove (European turtle dove) f Adult Spain 6 3439 Streptopelia turtur Turtle dove (European turtle dove) f? Israel 4 1577 Streptopelia turtur Turtle dove (European turtle dove) m? Israel 1 1576

Coraciiformes

Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Kingfisher (common kingfisher) f Juvenile Glamorgan 1 3332 Alcedo atthis Kingfisher (common kingfisher) f Juvenile Suffolk 1 3333 Alcedo atthis Kingfisher (common kingfisher) f Adult Staffordshire 1 2750 Alcedo atthis Kingfisher (common kingfisher) m Juvenile Powys 1 2748

B irds 38 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Alcedo atthis Kingfisher (common kingfisher) m 1 year Staffordshire 1 2746 Alcedo atthis Kingfisher (common kingfisher) m? Sussex 1 2862

Cuculififormes

Cuculidae Cuculus canorus Cuckoo (common cuckoo) m? Juvenile South Yorkshire 1 2334 Cuculus canorus Cuckoo (common cuckoo) zz West Yorkshire 1 2302

Falconifomes

Falconidae Falco biarmicus Lanner falcon m 3 years Worcestershire 1 3342 Falco columbarius Merlin f Adult Grampian 1 2908 Falco columbarius Merlin f Adult Scottish Borders 1 2900 Falco columbarius Merlin f Juvenile Orkney 1 2903 Falco columbarius Merlin f Juvenile Orkney 1 2919 Falco columbarius Merlin m Adult Strathclyde 1 2895 Falco columbarius Merlin m Juvenile North Sea/Shetland 1 2910 Falco columbarius Merlin m Juvenile Ross and Cromarty 4 2611 Falco columbarius Merlin m Juvenile Tayside 1 2909 Falco columbarius Merlin Icelandic m 1 year Derbyshire 2 2905 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon f 1 3373 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon f Spain 1 3401 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon f Adult Isle of Man 1 3317 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon f 3 years 1 3360 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon f 2 year Cleveland 1 2901 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon m Adult Lancashire 1 3347 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon m Adult Cumbria 1 3348 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon m 1 year Orkney 1 2677 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon m Spain 1 3400 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon zz Spain 1 1538 Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon (gyr falcon) m 2 years 4 3353 Falco subbuteo Hobby (Eurasian hobby) f Chick (pullus) Northamptonshire 1 3899

B irds 39 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Falco subbuteo Hobby (Eurasian hobby) f Adult Portugal 6 3893 Falco subbuteo Hobby (Eurasian hobby) m 1st year Wiltshire 1 3315 Falco subbuteo Hobby (Eurasian hobby) m 1st year Berkshire 1 3314 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f Adult Hampshire 1 4062 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f Adult Lancashire 1 2671 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f Wales? 1 2731 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f South Yorkshire 1 2331 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f? England? 2 700 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f? Sussex 1 2863 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) f? Juvenile? Essex 1 2513 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m Adult Hampshire 1 4063 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m Adult Britain 1 2589 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m 2 years Kent 1 4381 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m South Yorkshire 1 2342 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m Nairnshire 1 2734 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m Adult, 1 year Essex 1 2592 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m Lancashire 1 2667 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m Juvenile North Yorkshire 1 4436 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m? South Yorkshire 1 2440 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) m? South Yorkshire 1 2326 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) zz Mid Glamorgan 1 2275 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) zz Skeletally mature Berwickshire 2 4291 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) zz Skeletally mature Lincolnshire 1 4289 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) zz Skeletally mature Lincolnshire 1 4290 Falco tinnunculus Kestrel (common kestrel) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4288

Galliformes

Numididae Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) m Bedfordshire 1 690 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) zz Not skeletally UK? 5 4354 mature

B irds 40 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) zz Not skeletally Norfolk 1 4353 mature Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) zz 2 days co. Durham 1 2885 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic f Broiler age Norfolk 1 2738 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic f Juvenile England 1 1473 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic f Adult Norfolk 1 2740 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic m Broiler age Norfolk 1 2737 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic m Broiler age Norfolk 1 2739 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic m Adult Norfolk 1 2741 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Domestic m? Juvenile England 1 1474 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Reared f >1 year Italy 1 1512 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Reared m >1 year Italy 1 1513 Numida meleagris Guineafowl (helmeted guineafowl) Unimproved f Shropshire 1 2849

Phasianidae Meleagris gallopavo Turkey zz Bedfordshire 1 474 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey zz USA 1 628 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Domestic zz 1 26 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Domestic zz 1 71 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Domestic zz 1 86 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Norfolk black zz Not skeletally Norfolk 1 4193 mature Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Norfolk bronze f? c. 7 months Berkshire 2 4553 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Wild m 1 2116 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge f Adult Hampshire 1 4047 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge m Adult Kent 1 4000 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge m Adult Wiltshire 1 4016 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge m Adult Essex 1 2766 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge m Essex 1 1436 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge m? Lincolnshire 1 1459 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge zz Skeletally mature Oxfordshire 5 4209 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge zz Skeletally mature Oxfordshire 5 4210

B irds 41 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge zz Surrey 2 391 Alectoris rufa Red-legged partridge French m? Powys 1 1183 partridge Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) zz 4 691 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) zz Italy 1 1461 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) Farmed f England 1 1442 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) Farmed f England 1 1441 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) Farmed f Surrey 4 1426 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) Farmed m Surrey 1 1425 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) Farmed m England 1 1443 Coturnix coturnix Quail (common quail) Farmed m England 1 1444 Perdix perdix Grey partridge f Juvenile 1 2135 Perdix perdix Grey partridge f Juvenile 1 2136 Perdix perdix Grey partridge zz Juvenile Clwyd 1 2260 Perdix perdix Grey partridge zz skeletally mature Lincolnshire 1 1458 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) f 1 44 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) f Skeletally mature Northamptonshire 1 4348 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) f 1 2101 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) f 18 months 1 1

Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) zz Skeletally mature 1 4349 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Bantam f London? 1 1432 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Bantam f 5.5 years Essex 1 2949 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Bantam m London? 1 1433 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Bantam m Skeletally mature Oxfordshire 1 4351 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Bantam m Skeletally mature Oxfordshire 1 4352 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Bantam zz Skeletally mature Oxfordshire 1 4350 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Black Minorca m 8–10 months Sussex 1 2787 bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Brown leghorn f 8–10 months Sussex 1 2782 bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Capon c Juvenile 1 66

B irds 42 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Chamois m 8–10 months Sussex 1 2781 Polish bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Creeper, f 2 years 4 months Worcestershire 1 2811 probably Scots dumpy Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Friesian m 22 months Sussex 1 2785 bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Gold Polish m 8–10 months Sussex 1 2783 bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Golden m? c. 2 years West Sussex 1 4399 Sebright Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Lavender m 8–10 months Sussex 1 2779 Aracana bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Old English f 6 months North Yorkshire 1 47 game Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Old English m 34 months Sussex 1 2784 game bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Old English f 2 years 4 months Worcestershire 1 2812 pheasant fowl Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Red Dorking f 3 years Worcestershire 1 2810 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Ross 308 f 38 weeks Hampshire 1 3871 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Ross 308 m 43 weeks Hampshire 1 3870 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Salmon m 5 months Cambridgeshire 1 2911 faverolle Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Silver Dorking m 2 years Surrey 1 450 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Silver Dorking zz 1 2 Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Speckled f 3 years 2 months Worcestershire 1 2813 Sussex Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) Verwork m 8–10 months Sussex 1 2786 bantam Gallus domesticus Chicken (domestic fowl) White crested m c. 34 months Sussex 1 2780 black Polish bantam Gallus gallus Red junglefowl f Adult West Sussex 1 3982 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl zz 1 week co. Durham 1 2887 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl zz 1 week co. Durham 1 2888

B irds 43 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl zz 3 weeks 1 1460 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl zz Juvenile 2 689 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl zz 14 days co. Durham 2 2835 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl zz c. 2 weeks co. Durham 1 2886 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl Captive zz 8 weeks co. Durham 4 1485 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl Captive zz 10 weeks co. Durham 1 1484 Gallus sonneratii Grey junglefowl Silky zz 2 days co. Durham 1 2884 Lophura swinhoii Swinhoe’s pheasant Swinhoe’s f 23 months Essex 1 2791 pheasant Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) f 8–9 years Portugal 6 3861 Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) f Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4194

Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) f Adult 1 3944 Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) m Bedfordshire 1 629 Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) m Old Bedfordshire 1 475 Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) m Bedfordshire 1 477 Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) m Bedfordshire 1 503 Pavo cristatus Peacock (Indian peafowl) zz Bedfordshire 1 631 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Cambridgeshire 1 2529 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Cambridgeshire 1 2530 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Cambridgeshire 1 2531 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Juvenile Hertfordshire 1 427 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Juvenile? Essex 1 2798 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Skeletally mature Stirlingshire 1 4294 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Cambridgeshire 1 2532 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) f Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 2 4293 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m 1 695 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m Essex 1 2139 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m Essex 1 2338 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m Adult Essex 1 2742 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m Adult South Yorkshire 1 2300 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m Skeletally mature Berwickshire 1 4295 Birds 44 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) m Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 5 4292 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) zz 2 409 Phasianus colchicus Pheasant (common pheasant) zz 2 438 Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) f Scotland 1 1606 Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) f? Scotland 1 1607 Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) m Adult Lancashire 1 3463 Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4208 Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) f Scotland 1 2714 scotica Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) f Adult Northumberland 1 2898 scotica Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) m Juvenile 1 3366 scotica Lagopus lagopus Red grouse (willow ptarmigan) m Scotland 1 2713 scotica Lyrurus tetrix Black grouse f Juvenile co. Durham 1 3474 Lyrurus tetrix Black grouse f Adult co. Durham 1 3476 Lyrurus tetrix Black grouse f Adult co. Durham 1 3475 Lyrurus tetrix Black grouse m Scottish borders 1 1520 Lyrurus tetrix Black grouse m Scotland 1 1475 Lyrurus tetrix Black grouse m Scottish Borders 1 1521 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie (western capercaillie) f Scotland 1 2715 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie (western capercaillie) m Scotland 1 2712

Gaviiformes

Gaviidae Gavia arctica Black-throated diver m Adult Hampshire 1 3941 Gavia arctica Black-throated diver m Denmark/Sweden 1 1420 Gavia immer Great northern diver m Adult Cornwall 1 3316 Gavia immer Great northern diver m? Highland 1 2519 Gavia immer Great northern diver zz Adult? Orkney 6 4419 Gavia stellata Red-throated diver f 1st year Essex 1 3313 Gavia stellata Red-throated diver f Adult Inner Hebrides 1 2897

B irds 45 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Gavia stellata Red-throated diver m Denmark 1 1421 Gavia stellata Red-throated diver zz Orkney 1 2506 Gavia stellata Red-throated diver zz The Wash 1 2995 Gavia stellata Red-throated diver zz Adult Gwynedd 1 3165 Gavia stellata Red-throated diver Zoo f Lancashire 1 2624

Gruiformes

Gruidae Balearica regulorum Crowned crane (grey crowned crane) zz 2 750 Balearica regulorum Crowned crane (grey crowned crane) zz Adult 2 495 Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle crane zz Bedfordshire 1 752 Grus canadensis Sandhill crane m Bedfordshire 1 751 Grus grus Crane (common crane) m Adult Gloucestershire 1 4439 Grus grus Crane (common crane) zz Spain 1 1541

Rallidae Crex crex Corncrake (corn crake) m Adult Inner Hebrides 1 3979 Crex crex Corncrake (corn crake) zz Adult Orkney 2 3429 Fulica atra Coot (Eurasian coot) f Adult 1 2683 Fulica atra Coot (Eurasian coot) m Adult Germany 1 1467 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 3407 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) f Essex 1 2772 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) f? Juvenile Suffolk 1 1330 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) m Adult Lancashire 1 2634 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) m North Wales? 1 2323 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) m Essex 1 2369 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4299 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) zz Skeletally mature Inverness-shire 1 4298 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4297 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) zz Norfolk? 1 2668 Gallinula chloropus Moorhen (common moorhen) zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4296 Rallus aquaticus Water rail m Conwy 1 2303

B irds 46 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Rallus aquaticus Water rail m Sussex 1 2853 Rallus aquaticus Water rail m Adult Hertfordshire 1 3949 Rallus aquaticus Water rail zz Kent 1 2556 Rallus aquaticus Water rail zz Lancashire 1 2625

Otidiformes

Otididae Otis tarda Great bustard zz c 1636 Otis sp. Bustard species Kori bustard? f Bedfordshire 2 676

Passeriformes

Aegithalidae Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed tit zz Adult Gloucestershire 1 4411

Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed tit rosaceus Juvenile West Sussex 1 4438 Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed tit rosaceus zz Adult Hampshire 1 4413

Calcariidae Plectrophenax Snow bunting f 2 3376 nivalis Certhiidae Certhia familiaris Treecreeper (Eurasian treecreeper zz Berkshire 1 1259 Certhia familiaris Treecreeper (Eurasian treecreeper zz Adult Gloucestershire 1 4415

Cinclidae Cinclus cinclus Dipper (white-throated dipper) f Juvenile Dyfed 1 2899

Corvidae Coloeus monedula Jackdaw (western jackdaw) m Clwyd 1 2882 Coloeus monedula Jackdaw (western jackdaw) zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4201 Coloeus monedula Jackdaw (western jackdaw) zz Juvenile, chick Worcestershire 1 3906 Coloeus monedula Jackdaw (western jackdaw) zz Derbyshire 1 1519 Corvus corax Raven (northern raven) f Shetland 1 1535 Corvus corax Raven (northern raven) zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4195 Corvus cornix Hooded crow zz Orkney 1 2508 Corvus cornix Hooded crow zz Not skeletally Orkney 1 4198 mature

B irds 47 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Corvus cornix Hooded crow zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4196 Corvus cornix Hooded crow zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4197 Corvus corone Carrion crow f Powys 1 1185

Corvus corone Carrion crow f Adult 1 3963 Corvus corone Carrion crow m Adult Cambridgeshire 1 2698 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz 3 660 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4340 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 1 4341 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz Immature Hampshire 1 3916 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz Wales 1 2535 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz Hertfordshire 1 2547 Corvus corone Carrion crow zz 3 659 Corvus frugilegus Rook f Hertfordshire 1 2234 Corvus frugilegus Rook zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4199 Corvus frugilegus Rook zz 1 2103 Corvus frugilegus Rook zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4200 Corvus frugilegus Rook Wild f Adult Gloucestershire 1 3866 Garrulus glandarius Jay (Eurasian jay) m Germany 1 1469 Garrulus glandarius Jay (Eurasian jay) m Adult Hampshire 1 4058 Garrulus glandarius Jay (Eurasian jay) m? London 1 3206 Garrulus glandarius Jay (Eurasian jay) zz Derbyshire 1 1517 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 3921 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 3462 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) f Adult Surrey 1 4550 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) f Sussex 1 2859 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) m Dyfed 1 2869 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) zz Adult Hertfordshire 1 2219 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) zz South Yorkshire 1 2327 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4339 Pica pica Magpie (Eurasian magpie) zz Mid Glamorgan 1 2450

Birds 48 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Pyrrhocorax Chough (red-billed chough) f 3+ years Inner Hebrides 2 3306 pyrrhocorax Pyrrhocorax Chough (red-billed chough) m Adult Spain 6 3442 pyrrhocorax Pyrrhocorax Chough (red-billed chough) m? Juvenile Inner Hebrides 1 3311 pyrrhocorax Pyrrhocorax Chough (red-billed chough) m? Juvenile Inner Hebrides 1 3307 pyrrhocorax Emberizidae Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer m Dyfed 1 2496

Estrildidae Estrilda astrild Common waxbill zz 1 2436

Fringillidae Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch (European goldfinch) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 3927 Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch (European goldfinch) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 3933 Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch (European goldfinch) f? Juvenile Dyfed? 1 2501 Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch (European goldfinch) zz Essex 1 2236 Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch (European goldfinch) zz Adult Pembrokeshire 1 3931 Chloris chloris Greenfinch (European greenfinch) f Adult Hampshire 1 4015 Chloris chloris Greenfinch (European greenfinch) m Adult West Sussex 1 4014 Chloris chloris Greenfinch (European greenfinch) m 1 382 Chloris chloris Greenfinch (European greenfinch) m? Essex 1 2373 Chloris chloris Greenfinch (European greenfinch) zz England 1 2123 Chloris chloris Greenfinch (European greenfinch) zz South Yorkshire 1 2439

Coccothraustes Hawfinch f Adult 1 3929 coccothraustes Coccothraustes Hawfinch zz England 1 2768 coccothraustes Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) f South Yorkshire? 1 2394 Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) f Essex 1 2339 Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) m North Wales 1 2314 Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) m Mid Glamorgan 1 2565 Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) m Essex 1 2340

B irds 49 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) m England 1 2122 Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch (common chaffinch) zz Suffolk 1 1325 Linaria cannabina Linnet (common linnet) f UK 1 2459 Linaria cannabina Linnet (common linnet) m Adult Hampshire 1 4039 Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch (Eurasian bullfinch) f South Yorkshire? 1 2441 Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch (Eurasian bullfinch) m Adult Hampshire 1 4026 Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch (Eurasian bullfinch) m? Juvenile Dyfed 1 2498 Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch (Eurasian bullfinch) zz Juvenile? Dyfed 1 2497 Spinus spinus Siskin f Adult Devon 1 4457 Spinus spinus Siskin f Adult Devon 1 4490 Spinus spinus Siskin m Adult Devon 1 4406

Hirundinidae Delichon urbicum House martin (common house martin) m Sussex 1 2861 Delichon urbicum House martin (common house martin) zz Suffolk 1 1329 Delichon urbicum House martin (common house martin) zz UK 1 2460 Delichon urbicum House martin (common house martin) zz England? 1 2125 Hirundo rustica Swallow (barn swallow) f Adult Hampshire 1 4025

Hirundo rustica Swallow (barn swallow) f Adult 1 3925 Hirundo rustica Swallow (barn swallow) f? Dyfed? 1 2503 Hirundo rustica Swallow (barn swallow) m Adult Hampshire 1 4040 Hirundo rustica Swallow (barn swallow) zz Adult England 2 2769 Hirundo rustica Swallow (barn swallow) zz Adult Hereford and 1 2797 Worcester Riparia riparia Sand martin m UK 1 2482 Riparia riparia Sand martin zz Herefordshire 1 2124

Laniidae Lanius collurio Red-backed shrike f Adult 2 3364

Motacillidae Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit f Gwynedd 1 2155 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit f Gwynedd 1 2158 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit f Gwynedd 1 2144 B irds 50 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit f Gwynedd 1 2142 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2151 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz North Wales 1 2153 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2160 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2159 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2157 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2156 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2154 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz North Wales 1 2161 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2149 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2148 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2146 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2145 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2143 Anthus pratensis Meadow pipit zz Gwynedd 1 2150 Motacilla alba Pied wagtail (white wagtail) f Derbyshire 1 2821 Motacilla alba Pied wagtail (white wagtail) m Derbyshire 1 2822 Motacilla alba Pied wagtail (white wagtail) zz 1 439 Motacilla alba Pied wagtail (white wagtail) zz Adult Dumfriesshire 1 4412

Muscicapidae Erithacus rubecula Robin (European robin) zz South Yorkshire 1 2333 Erithacus rubecula Robin (European robin) zz c. 1 week North Yorkshire 1 4405 Erithacus rubecula Robin (European robin) zz Hertfordshire 1 2099 Erithacus rubecula Robin (European robin) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4202 Erithacus rubecula Robin (European robin) zz London 1 1234 Ficedula hypoleuca Pied flycatcher (European pied m Adult Dumfries and 1 4409 flycatcher) Galloway Oenanthe oenanthe Wheatear (northern wheatear) f Juvenile North Sea 1 3966 Oenanthe oenanthe Wheatear (northern wheatear) m North Wales 1 2315 Phoenicurus Black redstart m Adult Hampshire 1 3883 ochruros

B irds 51 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Paridae Cyanistes caeruleus Blue tit (Eurasian blue tit) zz Adult Hampshire 1 4410 Cyanistes caeruleus Blue tit (Eurasian blue tit) zz Juvenile West Sussex 1 4562 Parus major Great tit zz Mid Glamorgan 1 2875 Parus major Great tit zz 1 379 Periparus ater Coal tit m? Mid Glamorgan 1 2820 Periparus ater Coal tit zz 1 410 Poecile palustris Marsh tit m? Juvenile Devon 1 4566 Poecile palustris Marsh tit zz Juvenile? Devon 1 4565

Passeridae Passer domesticus House sparrow m Adult Hampshire 1 4018 Passer domesticus House sparrow m Essex 1 2341 Passer domesticus House sparrow m? Essex 1 2203 Passer domesticus House sparrow zz 1 2206 Passer montanus Tree sparrow (Eurasian tree sparrow) f Young? UK 1 2484 Passer domesticus? House sparrow? zz Skeletally mature Perthshire 1 4337

Phylloscopidae Phylloscopus Willow warbler zz 1 398 trochilus Phylloscopus Willow warbler zz 1st winter? Cambridgeshire 1 4441 trochilus Phylloscopus Willow warbler zz 1st winter? Dumfriesshire 1 4425 trochilus Phylloscopus Willow warbler zz 1st winter? Yorkshire? 1 4442 trochilus Phylloscopus Willow warbler zz Juvenile? North Yorkshire 1 4437 trochilus Prunellidae Prunella modularis Dunnock f Adult Middlesex 1 4038 Prunella modularis Dunnock zz Cambridgeshire 1 1126 Prunella modularis Dunnock zz Skeletally mature Cambridgeshire 1 4338

Birds 52 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Regulidae Regulus regulus Goldcrest f? South Yorkshire 1 2330 Regulus regulus Goldcrest m Adult Hampshire 1 3919 Regulus regulus Goldcrest m? London? 1 2479 Regulus regulus Goldcrest zz Humberside 1 2447

Sittidae Sitta europaea Nuthatch (Eurasian nuthatch) m Immature Mid Glamorgan 1 3945

Sturnidae Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) m South Yorkshire 1 2325 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) m Juvenile Hampshire 1 3900 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) zz Hertfordshire 1 1167 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) zz Mid Glamorgan 1 1416 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) zz Juvenile 1 2131 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) zz Juvenile Hampshire 1 4064 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) zz Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 1 4336 Sturnus vulgaris Starling (common starling) zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4335

Sylviidae Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap (Eurasian blackcap) f Adult Devon 1 4567 Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap (Eurasian blackcap) f Juvenile West Sussex 1 4037 Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap (Eurasian blackcap) m 1st winter? 1 4568

Troglodytidae Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) m Adult, immature West Sussex 1 4051 troglodytes Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) m Adult Hampshire 1 4052 troglodytes Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) m? Suffolk 1 1327 troglodytes Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) zz >2 years Cornwall 1 2935 troglodytes Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) zz Suffolk 1 1328 troglodytes

Birds 53 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) zz South Yorkshire 1 2481 troglodytes Troglodytes Wren (Eurasian wren) zz South Yorkshire 1 2452 troglodytes Turdidae Turdus iliacus Redwing m Adult Wiltshire 1 4017 Turdus iliacus Redwing m Adult 1 3908 Turdus iliacus Redwing m? Mid Glamorgan 1 2566 Turdus iliacus Redwing zz 1 419 Turdus iliacus Redwing zz 1 2205 Turdus iliacus Redwing zz 1 2104 Turdus iliacus Redwing zz Norfolk? 1 2458 Turdus iliacus Redwing zz Norfolk 1 2207 Turdus iliacus? Redwing? zz England? 1 2128 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) f Cambridgeshire 1 1129 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) f Cambridgeshire 1 1131 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) f Adult Hampshire 1 4061 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) m Essex 1 2521 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) m Adult Essex 1 3228 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) m Juvenile? Cambridgeshire 1 1214 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) zz Skeletally mature Perthshire 1 4334 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) zz Skeletally mature Midlothian 1 4333 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) zz Mid Glamorgan 1 2449 Turdus merula Blackbird (common blackbird) zz Juvenile Oxfordshire 1 4060

Turdus philomelos Song thrush f Adult 1 3917 Turdus philomelos Song thrush f Immature Worcestershire 1 3998 Turdus philomelos Song thrush m Suffolk 1 1326 Turdus philomelos Song thrush m Adult Hertfordshire 1 4045 Turdus philomelos Song thrush m Adult Worcestershire 1 3990 Turdus philomelos Song thrush m Immature Worcestershire 1 3985 Turdus philomelos Song thrush m? South Yorkshire 1 2335

B irds 54 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Turdus philomelos Song thrush zz 1 2114 Turdus philomelos Song thrush zz 1 2127 Turdus philomelos Song thrush zz North Wales 1 2297 Turdus pilaris Fieldfare f Immature Worcestershire 1 3987 Turdus pilaris Fieldfare f Poland 6 1586 Turdus pilaris Fieldfare m Adult Norfolk 1 3926 Turdus pilaris Fieldfare zz 1 2098 Turdus viscivorus Mistle thrush zz UK 1 2462

Pelecaniformes

Ardeidae Ardea alba Great white egret (great egret) f Bulgaria 2 1609 Ardea cinerea Grey heron f 1 year Strathclyde 1 2686 Ardea cinerea Grey heron f Lancashire? 1 2631 Ardea cinerea Grey heron f Britain 1 2632 Ardea cinerea Grey heron m Lancashire 1 2643 Ardea cinerea Grey heron m Lancashire? 1 2636 Ardea cinerea Grey heron zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4262 Ardea cinerea Grey heron zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4261 Ardea cinerea Grey heron zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4260 Ardea cinerea Grey heron zz Juvenile? Orkney 1 2505 Ardea cinerea Grey heron zz 1 2110 Ardea purpurea Purple heron f Bulgaria 2 1610 Egretta garzetta Little egret m Bulgaria 6 1616 Nycticorax Night-heron (black crowned night zz Italy 1 1463 nycticorax heron) Botaurus stellaris Bittern (European bittern) f 1st year North Yorkshire 1 3325 Botaurus stellaris Bittern (European bittern) f Adult Essex 6 2896 Botaurus stellaris Bittern (European bittern) f 1 year Suffolk 1 3370 Botaurus stellaris Bittern (European bittern) m Adult Lancashire 4 2745 Botaurus stellaris Bittern (European bittern) m Adult Hertfordshire 2 3351 Ixobrychus minutus Little bittern zz Italy 1 1462 B irds 55 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Pelecanidae

Pelecanus White pelican (great white pelican) Zoo? f 6 1618 onocrotalus Threskiornithidae Threskiornithidae Ibis species zz 1 717 Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill (Eurasian spoonbill) m Adult Spain 6 3432

Phoenicopteriformes

Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus sp. Flamingo Rosy zz Bedfordshire 1 476

Piciformes

Picidae

Jynx torquilla Wryneck (Eurasian wryneck) m Adult 1 3969 Dendrocopos major Great spotted woodpecker f Adult Glamorgan 1 3213 Dendrocopos major Great spotted woodpecker f Adult West Sussex 1 4046 Dendrocopos major Great spotted woodpecker f? Adult Sussex 1 2854 Dendrocopos major Great spotted woodpecker m Adult Germany 1 1468 Dendrocopos major Great spotted woodpecker zz Juvenile Devon 1 4542 Picus viridis Green woodpecker (European f? Adult Sussex 1 2860 woodpecker) Picus viridis Green woodpecker (European f? France 1 2839 woodpecker) Picus viridis Green woodpecker (European m Adult, immature Gloucestershire 1 4059 woodpecker) Picus viridis Green woodpecker (European m? Mid Glamorgan 1 2448 woodpecker) Picus viridis Green woodpecker (European zz Juvenile Sussex 1 2858 woodpecker) Podicipediformes

Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe f Adult Bedfordshire 1 2906 Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe f Adult East Sussex 1 2921 Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe m Adult East Yorkshire 1 3324 Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe m Adult West Sussex 1 2902

B irds 56 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe m Germany 1 1466 Podiceps cristatus Great crested grebe zz Lancashire 1 1508 Podiceps grisegena Red-necked grebe f? The Wash 1 2538 Tachybaptus Little grebe f? Norfolk 1 2669 ruficollis Procellariiformes

Hydrobatidae Hydrobates Storm petrel (European storm petrel) zz Dyfed 1 1580 pelagicus Hydrobates Storm petrel (European storm petrel) zz Adult Gloucestershire 1 4414 pelagicus Procellariidae Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) f Sutherland 1 2413 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) m Adult Lincolnshire 1 3875 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4244 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4242 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4243 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Sutherland 1 2414 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Orkney 4 2600 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Norfolk 1 2670 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz 1 722 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz 1 721 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz 1 719 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4245 Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar (northern fulmar) zz 1 723 Fulmarus glacialis? Fulmar (northern fulmar)? zz Shetland 1 2251 Puffinus puffinus Manx shearwater f Juvenile? Dyfed? 1 2504 Puffinus puffinus Manx shearwater f Juvenile Gloucestershire 1 4418 Puffinus puffinus Manx shearwater f? Dyfed 1 2500 Puffinus puffinus Manx shearwater zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4247 Puffinus puffinus Manx shearwater zz Skeletally mature Ross and Cromarty 1 4248 Puffinus puffinus Manx shearwater zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4246 B irds 57 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Psittaciformes

Psittacidae Psittacula krameri Ring-necked parakeet m? Juvenile London 1 4570

Rheiformes

Rheidae Rhea sp. Rhea species zz Juvenile 1 679

Strigiformes

Strigidae Asio flammeus Short-eared owl f Strathclyde 1 2907 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl f Adult Lincolnshire 1 3369 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl f Juvenile Lanarkshire 1 3328 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl m Adult? Orkney 1 3445 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 5 4367 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl zz 2 1505 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl zz Adult Orkney 1 3446 Asio flammeus Short-eared owl zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4366 Asio otus Long-eared owl f Adult East Sussex 1 2570 Asio otus Long-eared owl f Juvenile Northern Ireland? 1 2584 Asio otus Long-eared owl f Adult England 1 2680 Asio otus Long-eared owl m Adult Inverness-shire 1 3326 Asio otus Long-eared owl m 1 year co. Antrim 1 2613 Asio otus Long-eared owl zz 2 1506 Asio otus Long-eared owl zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4365 Asio otus Long-eared owl zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4364 Bubo bubo Eagle owl (Eurasian eagle-owl) zz Spain 1 1536 Bubo bubo Eagle owl (Eurasian eagle-owl) zz Adult Israel 2 1590 Bubo scandiacus Snowy owl m Bedfordshire 1 666 Bubo scandiacus Snowy owl zz Skeletally mature Inverness-shire 1 4190 Strix aluco Tawny owl f Adult Hampshire 1 2805 Strix aluco Tawny owl f Immature Hampshire 1 3904

B irds 58 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Strix aluco Tawny owl f 1 year Wiltshire 1 4384 Strix aluco Tawny owl f Cambridgeshire 1 2889 Strix aluco Tawny owl f Juvenile Sussex 1 3331 Strix aluco Tawny owl f? Suffolk 1 1332 Strix aluco Tawny owl m Adult Tyne and Wear 1 3327 Strix aluco Tawny owl m Chick (pullus) Middlesex 1 3901 Strix aluco Tawny owl m Juvenile Gwynedd 1 4462 Strix aluco Tawny owl m 2 years Lincolnshire 1 3368 Strix aluco Tawny owl m 1 year Lancashire 1 4380 Strix aluco Tawny owl m 1 2266 Strix aluco Tawny owl m South Yorkshire 1 2329 Strix aluco Tawny owl zz Skeletally mature Scotland 1 4361 Strix aluco Tawny owl zz Lancashire 1 2637 Strix aluco Tawny owl zz Staffordshire 1 2255 Strix aluco Tawny owl zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4363 Strix aluco Tawny owl zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4362 Strix aluco Tawny owl Albino f Essex 1 2299 Athene noctua Little owl f Sussex 1 2855

Athene noctua Little owl f Adult 1 4020 Athene noctua Little owl m Juvenile Oxfordshire 1 4022 Athene noctua Little owl m Adult Wiltshire 1 4021 Athene noctua Little owl m Adult Hampshire 1 2749 Athene noctua Little owl zz England? 1 2105

Tytonidae Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) f Adult Channel Islands 1 2675 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) f Adult Grampian 1 2563 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) f Lancashire 1 2628 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) f Adult Strathclyde 1 4041 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) f? Suffolk 1 2723 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) m 1 year Northamptonshire 1 4478

Birds 59 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) m Hampshire 1 392 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) m 1 year Warwickshire 1 3367 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) m? 1 year old? Strathclyde 1 4434 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) zz South Yorkshire 1 2350 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) zz Skeletally mature Perthshire 5 4360 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) zz Skeletally mature Perthshire 1 4359 Tyto alba Barn owl (western barn owl) zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4358

Suliformes

Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) f 11 years Northumberland 1 3968 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) f 1 3039 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) m? Juvenile? 1 2259 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4259 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4257 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4256 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz Sutherland 1 2419 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz Shetland 1 2250 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz 1 2102 aristotelis Phalacrocorax Shag (European shag) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4258 aristotelis Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant (great cormorant) m 1 451 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant (great cormorant) zz Skeletally mature Ross and Cromarty 1 4255 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant (great cormorant) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4253 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant (great cormorant) zz 1 2878 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant (great cormorant) zz Skeletally mature Highland 1 4254 Phalacrocorax Cormorant (great cormorant)? f Adult? West Sussex 1 2922 carbo? B irds 60 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Phalacrocorax Cormorant (great cormorant)? zz Skeletally mature Orkney 3 4421 carbo? Sulidae Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) f Dyfed 1 2536 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) f Adult Northumberland 1 3310 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) f Adult Portugal 6 3431 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) f? Juvenile Dyfed 1 2493 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) m Adult England? 1 2700 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) m 3rd winter Portugal 6 3435 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4252 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4250 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4249 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) zz Skeletally mature Orkney 1 4251 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) zz Adult Dyfed 1 2939 Morus bassanus Gannet (northern gannet) zz Orkney 1 2464

Birds 61 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

MAMMALS

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Artiodactyla Bovidae Connochaetes sp. Wildebeest species Gnu zz Bedfordshire 3 766 Eudorcas thomsonii Thomson’s gazelle m Bedfordshire 1 562 Eudorcas thomsonii? Thomson’s gazelle? m Bedfordshire 1 2047 Bison bison American bison zz Bedfordshire 3 764

Bison bonasus European bison 3 813 Bison bonasus European bison zz 1 year Bedfordshire 1 633 Bison sp. Bison species zz Bedfordshire? 3 10 Bison sp. Bison species zz Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 488 Bos grunniens Yak f Stillborn 1 468 Bos grunniens Yak zz Bedfordshire 1 491

Bos primigenius Aurochs 4 821 Bos primigenius Aurochs f 3 755 Bos primigenius Aurochs m 3 756

Bos taurus Cattle Juvenile 5 774

Bos taurus Cattle Juvenile 5 803 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 769 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 772 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 773 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 775 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 777 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 778 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 779 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 781 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 782 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 785 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 790 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 797

Mammals 62 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 801 Bos taurus Cattle c Juvenile 5 824 Bos taurus Cattle c 5 825 Bos taurus Cattle c 5 826 Bos taurus Cattle c 5 828 Bos taurus Cattle c 5 829 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 767 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 768 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 770 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 771 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 780 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 783 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 784 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 786 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 787 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 788 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 789 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 791 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 792 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 793 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 794 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 795 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 796 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 798 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 799 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 800 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 802 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 804 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 805 Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 806

Mammals 63 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Bos taurus Cattle m Juvenile 5 807 Bos taurus Cattle m 5 827 Bos taurus Cattle zz Juvenile Inner Hebrides 5 4081 Bos taurus Cattle zz Not skeletally mature Oxfordshire 1 4092 Bos taurus Cattle zz Juvenile 4 4456 Bos taurus Cattle Ankole zz Bedfordshire 3 765 Bos taurus Cattle Dexter m 2 years 5 months Avon 2 1622 Bos taurus Cattle Dexter shorthorn × f Almost 12 years Hertfordshire 1 2024 Highland bull Bos taurus Cattle Dexter, long-legged f 15 months Northumberland 1 2802 Bos taurus Cattle Dexter, medium f 21 years Hampshire 2 2817 legged Bos taurus Cattle Dexter, short-legged f 3 years Northumberland 1 2803 Bos taurus Cattle Fresian × m 12 weeks Hampshire 1 3495 Bos taurus Cattle Friesan Holstein × f 2 days Hampshire 1 4007 Aberdeen Angus Bos taurus Cattle Gascon f c. 12 years France 2 2711 Bos taurus Cattle Guernsey f c. 1.5 years Derbyshire 1 4091 Bos taurus Cattle Jersey zz Newborn Oxfordshire 1 4093 Bos taurus Cattle Jersey zz Foetal? Derbyshire 1 4094 Bos taurus Cattle Kerry f 10 years Lincolnshire 4 2277 Bos taurus Cattle Kerry f 12 years Inverness-shire 2 2410 Bos sp. Cattle species zz 4 761 Boselaphus Nilgae zz Juvenile 3 757 tragocamelus Bubalus bubalis Water buffalo zz 3 814 Capra hircus Goat zz Scotland 1 45 Capra hircus Goat White goat m Bedfordshire 1 501 Capra hircus Goat White goat m 1 502 Capra hircus Goat Bagot m 2 years 7 months co. Durham 1 2774 Capra hircus Goat Damascus f c. 7 months Cyprus 2 1631 Capra hircus Goat Feral m Adult Inner Hebrides 4 3318

Mammals 64 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Capra hircus Goat Feral m Adult Inner Hebrides 4 3323 Capra hircus Goat Golden Guernsey × zz c. 4 weeks (dentition Norfolk 1 2023 English suggests older, M1 in wear) Capra hircus Goat Old English m 15 months East Sussex 2 2199 Capra hircus Goat Toggenburg m 3.5 years 2 1315 Ovibos moschatus Musk ox Zoo m 3 days Bedfordshire 1 550 Ovis aries Sheep f Stillborn Wiltshire 1 4028 Ovis aries Sheep m Stillborn Wiltshire 1 4029 Ovis aries Sheep zz Cheshire? 1 77 Ovis aries Sheep zz 5 96 Ovis aries Sheep zz Juvenile West Glamorgan 5 1578 Ovis aries Sheep zz Foetal Outer Hebrides 1 4240 Ovis aries Sheep zz Not skeletally mature 4 4408 Ovis aries Sheep Blackface zz Skeletally mature North Rona 5 4113 Ovis aries Sheep Cheviot m Skeletally mature Orkney 5 4114 Ovis aries Sheep Clun Forest f 3 years 8.5 months Northamptonshire 2 2248 Ovis aries Sheep Clun Forest m 5.25 months Northamptonshire 2 1357 Ovis aries Sheep Clun Forest m 5.5 months Northamptonshire 2 1358 Ovis aries Sheep Clun Forest m 6 months Northamptonshire 2 1359 Ovis aries Sheep Cotswold f 8 years 2.5 months Gloucestershire 2 1352 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 226 days Midlothian 4 3108 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 122 days Midlothian 4 3112 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 185 days Midlothian 4 3125 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 190 days Midlothian 4 3142 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 81 days Midlothian 4 3159 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 101 days Midlothian 4 3161 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 83 days Midlothian 4 3171 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 103 days Midlothian 4 3172 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) f 101 days Midlothian 4 3173 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 75 days Midlothian 4 3097

Mammals 65 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 223 days Midlothian 4 3100 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 130 days Midlothian 4 3119 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 143 days Midlothian 4 3120 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 183 days Midlothian 4 3124 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 125 days Midlothian 4 3131 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 79 days Midlothian 4 3164 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego (Spanish) m 101 days Midlothian 4 3174 Ovis aries Sheep Gallego Marinana f 139 days Midlothian 4 3147 (Spanish) Ovis aries Sheep Gallego Marinana f 166 days Midlothian 4 3151 (Spanish) Ovis aries Sheep Gallego Marinana m 193 days Midlothian 4 3140 (Spanish) Ovis aries Sheep Gallego Marinana m 142 days Midlothian 4 3148 (Spanish) Ovis aries Sheep Hebridean c c. 2 years Outer Hebrides 4 4107 Ovis aries Sheep Hebridean c c. 2 years Outer Hebrides 3 4108 Ovis aries Sheep Hebridean c c. 2 years Outer Hebrides 3 4109 Ovis aries Sheep Hebridean c c. 2 years Outer Hebrides 3 4110 Ovis aries Sheep Hebridean c c. 2 years Outer Hebrides 3 4111 Ovis aries Sheep Hebridean f 11 years Somerset 1 1127 Ovis aries Sheep Herdwick f 3 years 7.5 months Orkney 2 2567 Ovis aries Sheep Herdwick f >=9 years Orkney 2 2568 Ovis aries Sheep Herdwick m 48 months Orkney 2 2573 Ovis aries Sheep Jacob f Suffolk 5 3411 Ovis aries Sheep Jacob f 4 years 4 months Hampshire 1 3460 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 112 days Midlothian 4 3075 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 80 days Midlothian 4 3084 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 119 days Midlothian 4 3110 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 197 days Midlothian 4 3116 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 94 days Midlothian 4 3136 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 90 days Midlothian 4 3138

Mammals 66 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 238 days Midlothian 4 3141 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 73 days Midlothian 4 3150 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 179 days Midlothian 4 3153 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 141 days Midlothian 4 3157 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) f 319 days Midlothian 4 3178 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 64 days Midlothian 4 3076 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 279 days Midlothian 4 3080 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 317 days Midlothian 4 3086 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 110 days Midlothian 4 3089 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 63 days Midlothian 4 3091 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 83 days Midlothian 4 3093 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 296 days Midlothian 4 3094 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 260 days Midlothian 4 3099 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 196 days Midlothian 4 3114 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 182 days Midlothian 4 3121 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 85 days Midlothian 4 3129 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 137 days Midlothian 4 3137 Ovis aries Sheep Karagouniko (Greek) m 153 days Midlothian 4 3146 Ovis aries Sheep Lleyn f 2 years Lincolnshire 2 3341 Ovis aries Sheep Lleyn m 5.5 years Lincolnshire 2 3345 Ovis aries Sheep Manx Loaghtan f 8 years 11 months Norfolk 1 1019 Ovis aries Sheep Manx Loaghtan f 11 months Hertfordshire 2 2533 Ovis aries Sheep Manx Loaghtan f 0 days co. Durham 1 2833 Ovis aries Sheep Manx Loaghtan × f Foetal Norfolk 1 1020 Suffolk Ovis aries Sheep Manx Loaghtan × m Foetal Norfolk 1 1021 Suffolk Ovis aries Sheep Merino m c. 9 years Tasmania 2 1314 Ovis aries Sheep Moorit Shetland m 12 years Hampshire 1 2044 Ovis aries Sheep North Ronaldsay m 17 months East Sussex 1 2014 Ovis aries Sheep Part Shetland f Skeletally mature Orkney 2 4104

Mammals 67 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Part Shetland f Not skeletally mature Orkney 2 4105 Ovis aries Sheep Racka f Adult Hungary 1 1431 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 72 days Midlothian 4 2951 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 72 days Midlothian 4 2958 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 99 days Midlothian 4 2963 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 86 days Midlothian 4 2965 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 336 days Midlothian 4 2972 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 322 days Midlothian 4 2974 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 163 days Midlothian 4 2984 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 149 days Midlothian 4 2987 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 107 days Midlothian 4 2998 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 121 days Midlothian 4 3022 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 126 days Midlothian 4 3073 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 119 days Midlothian 4 3074 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 79 days Midlothian 4 3092 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 80 days Midlothian 4 3104 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 96 days Midlothian 4 3105 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 197 days Midlothian 4 3113 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 199 days Midlothian 4 3115 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 206 days Midlothian 4 3118 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 162 days Midlothian 4 3154 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface f 102 days Midlothian 4 3166 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 92 days Midlothian 4 2950 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 78 days Midlothian 4 2954 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 325 days Midlothian 4 2971 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 342 days Midlothian 4 2975 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 180 days Midlothian 4 2983 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 150 days Midlothian 4 2988 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 107 days Midlothian 4 3016 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 90 days Midlothian 4 3018

Mammals 68 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 77 days Midlothian 4 3023 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 65 days Midlothian 4 3028 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 278 days Midlothian 4 3077 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 70 days Midlothian 4 3082 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 83 days Midlothian 4 3101 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 129 days Midlothian 4 3102 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 87 days Midlothian 4 3107 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 202 days Midlothian 4 3117 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 199 days Midlothian 4 3122 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 297 days Midlothian 4 3128 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 156 days Midlothian 4 3156 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 113 days Midlothian 4 3163 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 336 days Midlothian 4 3170 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 87 days Midlothian 4 3175 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface m 116 days Midlothian 4 3177 Ovis aries Sheep Scottish blackface zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 3 4112 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 7.5 months Orkney 2 1549 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 31.75 months Orkney 2 1550 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 20 months Orkney 2 1551 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 35 months Orkney 2 1552 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 23 months Orkney 2 1553 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 14.5 months Orkney 2 1554 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 39.5 months Orkney 2 1555 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 27 months Orkney 2 1556 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 18.5 months Orkney 2 1557 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 30.5 months Orkney 2 1558 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 42 months Orkney 2 1559 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 52.5 months Orkney 2 1585 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c c. 45 months Orkney 2 1587 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 52.5 months Orkney 2 1588

Mammals 69 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c c. 36 months Orkney 2 1589 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 2 years 8 months Orkney 2 2866 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c c. 8 months Orkney 2 2867 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 20 months Orkney 2 2868 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 23 months Orkney 2 2892 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 11 months Orkney 2 2893 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 35 months Orkney 2 2894 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 15 months Orkney 2 2912 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 2 years 3 months Orkney 2 2913 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 3 years 3 months Orkney 2 2914 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 18 months Orkney 2 2938 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 3 years 7 months Orkney 2 2943 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 2 years 7 months Orkney 2 2944 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 3 years 9 months Orkney 2 2978 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c c. 941 days (2 years 7 Orkney 2 3217 months) Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 941 days (2 years 7 Orkney 2 3218 months) Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 561 days Midlothian 1 3502 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1285 days Midlothian 1 3503 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 564 days Midlothian 1 3506 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 189 days Midlothian 1 3510 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 566 days Midlothian 1 3513 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1288 days Midlothian 1 3517 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1294 days Midlothian 1 3518 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 924 days Midlothian 1 3519 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1292 days Midlothian 1 3520 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 187 days Midlothian 1 3522 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 918 days Midlothian 1 3524 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 191 days Midlothian 1 3528 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 915 days Midlothian 1 3540

Mammals 70 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1295 days Midlothian 1 3545 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 562 days Midlothian 1 3547 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 568 days Midlothian 1 3549 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 181 days Midlothian 1 3550 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1286 days Midlothian 1 3557 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 558 days Midlothian 1 3561 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 925 days Midlothian 1 3569 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 914 days Midlothian 1 3571 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 919 days Midlothian 1 3572 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 206 days Midlothian 1 3577 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 948 days Midlothian 1 3580 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 949 days Midlothian 1 3581 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1685 days Midlothian 1 3585 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 572 days Midlothian 1 3588 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1670 days Midlothian 1 3594 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1317 days Midlothian 1 3604 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1680 days Midlothian 1 3606 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1299 days Midlothian 1 3607 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 956 days Midlothian 1 3608 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 565 days Midlothian 1 3610 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 201 days Midlothian 1 3613 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 202 days Midlothian 1 3621 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1647 days Midlothian 1 3623 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 191 days Midlothian 1 3633 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1208 days Midlothian 1 3634 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1666 days Midlothian 1 3639 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1578 days Midlothian 1 3646 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1205 days Midlothian 1 3647 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 836 days Midlothian 1 3648 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1205 days Midlothian 1 3649

Mammals 71 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 841 days Midlothian 1 3650 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 945 days Midlothian 1 3659 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1573 days Midlothian 1 3666 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 474 days Midlothian 1 3667 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1574 days Midlothian 1 3669 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 839 days Midlothian 1 3677 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 468 days Midlothian 1 3680 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1207 days Midlothian 1 3682 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 486 days Midlothian 1 3690 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 487 days Midlothian 1 3691 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1576 days Midlothian 1 3713 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1586 days Midlothian 1 3718 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 858 days Midlothian 1 3722 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 484 days Midlothian 1 3727 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 210 days Midlothian 1 3736 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 204 days Midlothian 1 3747 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 209 days Midlothian 1 3748 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 935 days Midlothian 1 3751 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1670 days Midlothian 1 3752 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1307 days Midlothian 1 3754 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1311 days Midlothian 1 3765 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 207 days Midlothian 1 3769 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1571 days Midlothian 1 3776 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 857 days Midlothian 1 3781 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 206 days Midlothian 1 3786 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 209 days Midlothian 1 3787 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1307 days Midlothian 1 3793 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 940 days Midlothian 1 3799 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1587 days Midlothian 1 3802 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 851 days Midlothian 1 3805

Mammals 72 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 853 days Midlothian 1 3807 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1217 days Midlothian 1 3809 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1217 days Midlothian 1 3811 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1220 days Midlothian 1 3812 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 489 days Midlothian 1 3814 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1666 days Midlothian 1 3816 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 213 days Midlothian 1 3818 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1308 days Midlothian 1 3819 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 213 days Midlothian 1 3825 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1667 days Midlothian 1 3827 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 474 days Midlothian 1 3841 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 859 days Midlothian 1 3842 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1580 days Midlothian 1 3848 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 1212 days Midlothian 1 3852 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland c 484 days Midlothian 1 3854 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 4 years 7 months Orkney 2 1488 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 6 years 7 months Orkney 2 1489 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 6 years 7 months Orkney 2 1490 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 4 years 7 months Orkney 2 1491 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 6 years 7 months Orkney 2 1492 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 5 years 7 months Orkney 2 1493 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 4 years 7 months Orkney 2 1494 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 5 years 7 months Orkney 2 1496 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 6 years 7 months Orkney 2 1497 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 6.75 years Cambridgeshire 1 2777 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 77 days Midlothian 4 2959 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 333 days Midlothian 4 2973 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 333 days Midlothian 4 2977 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 119 days Midlothian 4 2996 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 147 days Midlothian 4 3001

Mammals 73 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 147 days Midlothian 4 3002 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 126 days Midlothian 4 3020 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 54 days Midlothian 4 3026 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 84 days Midlothian 4 3030 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 54 days Midlothian 4 3031 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1287 days Midlothian 1 3505 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 937 days Midlothian 1 3509 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 933 days Midlothian 1 3512 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 197 days Midlothian 1 3516 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1301 days Midlothian 1 3521 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 551 days Midlothian 1 3523 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 569 days Midlothian 1 3525 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 938 days Midlothian 1 3526 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1293 days Midlothian 1 3532 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 929 days Midlothian 1 3535 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1293 days Midlothian 1 3536 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 933 days Midlothian 1 3537 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1297 days Midlothian 1 3538 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1294 days Midlothian 1 3539 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1294 days Midlothian 1 3542 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 569 days Midlothian 1 3543 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 563 days Midlothian 1 3544 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 196 days Midlothian 1 3546 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1294 days Midlothian 1 3548 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 197 days Midlothian 1 3551 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1294 days Midlothian 1 3556 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1295 days Midlothian 1 3559 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 566 days Midlothian 1 3562 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 932 days Midlothian 1 3563 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 926 days Midlothian 1 3564

Mammals 74 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 937 days Midlothian 1 3566 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 936 days Midlothian 1 3570 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 200 days Midlothian 1 3573 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1287 days Midlothian 1 3574 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1681 days Midlothian 1 3579 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1680 days Midlothian 1 3584 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 954 days Midlothian 1 3586 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 582 days Midlothian 1 3587 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 949 days Midlothian 1 3589 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1313 days Midlothian 1 3593 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1656 days Midlothian 1 3595 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1678 days Midlothian 1 3596 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1313 days Midlothian 1 3597 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 949 days Midlothian 1 3600 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1680 days Midlothian 1 3602 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1670 days Midlothian 1 3603 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 955 days Midlothian 1 3605 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1321 days Midlothian 1 3609 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 947 days Midlothian 1 3611 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 571 days Midlothian 1 3612 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 955 days Midlothian 1 3614 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 953 days Midlothian 1 3616 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1311 days Midlothian 1 3617 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1675 days Midlothian 1 3618 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1676 days Midlothian 1 3620 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 580 days Midlothian 1 3624 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 193 days Midlothian 1 3626 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1318 days Midlothian 1 3627 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1674 days Midlothian 1 3628 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1684 days Midlothian 1 3629

Mammals 75 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1305 days Midlothian 1 3630 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1288 days Midlothian 1 3631 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 192 days Midlothian 1 3632 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1684 days Midlothian 1 3640 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1681 days Midlothian 1 3641 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1680 days Midlothian 1 3642 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1679 days Midlothian 1 3643 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1311 days Midlothian 1 3644 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1318 days Midlothian 1 3645 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1580 days Midlothian 1 3651 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 207 days Midlothian 1 3652 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 205 days Midlothian 1 3653 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1569 days Midlothian 1 3655 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1214 days Midlothian 1 3656 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1544 days Midlothian 1 3657 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1575 days Midlothian 1 3658 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 951 days Midlothian 1 3660 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 955 days Midlothian 1 3661 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1204 days Midlothian 1 3662 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1208 days Midlothian 1 3663 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1570 days Midlothian 1 3664 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 837 days Midlothian 1 3665 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1562 days Midlothian 1 3668 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1195 days Midlothian 1 3670 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 842 days Midlothian 1 3672 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1562 days Midlothian 1 3673 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1569 days Midlothian 1 3674 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1210 days Midlothian 1 3675 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1567 days Midlothian 1 3679 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 838 days Midlothian 1 3683

Mammals 76 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 840 days Midlothian 1 3684 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 864 days Midlothian 1 3685 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 844 days Midlothian 1 3686 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 487 days Midlothian 1 3687 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1226 days Midlothian 1 3688 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 859 days Midlothian 1 3689 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 482 days Midlothian 1 3693 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1221 days Midlothian 1 3694 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1588 days Midlothian 1 3695 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1226 days Midlothian 1 3696 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1218 days Midlothian 1 3697 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1202 days Midlothian 1 3698 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1571 days Midlothian 1 3700 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1210 days Midlothian 1 3701 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1212 days Midlothian 1 3702 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1566 days Midlothian 1 3704 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1581 days Midlothian 1 3705 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1566 days Midlothian 1 3707 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1574 days Midlothian 1 3708 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1590 days Midlothian 1 3712 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1219 days Midlothian 1 3715 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1571 days Midlothian 1 3717 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 869 days Midlothian 1 3723 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 499 days Midlothian 1 3724 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1598 days Midlothian 1 3725 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 502 days Midlothian 1 3726 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 869 days Midlothian 1 3728 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1222 days Midlothian 1 3729 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 856 days Midlothian 1 3730 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 871 days Midlothian 1 3731

Mammals 77 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 861 days Midlothian 1 3733 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1228 days Midlothian 1 3734 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1309 days Midlothian 1 3737 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 214 days Midlothian 1 3739 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1315 days Midlothian 1 3740 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1313 days Midlothian 1 3741 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 209 days Midlothian 1 3742 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1307 days Midlothian 1 3743 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1307 days Midlothian 1 3745 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1312 days Midlothian 1 3746 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1312 days Midlothian 1 3749 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1570 days Midlothian 1 3750 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 210 days Midlothian 1 3753 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1308 days Midlothian 1 3755 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1316 days Midlothian 1 3758 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1230 days Midlothian 1 3759 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 211 days Midlothian 1 3760 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1672 days Midlothian 1 3762 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 938 days Midlothian 1 3763 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1675 days Midlothian 1 3764 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 940 days Midlothian 1 3766 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 211 days Midlothian 1 3768 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1230 days Midlothian 1 3772 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1227 days Midlothian 1 3773 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 867 days Midlothian 1 3775 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1218 days Midlothian 1 3777 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1590 days Midlothian 1 3778 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 867 days Midlothian 1 3780 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1220 days Midlothian 1 3782 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 946 days Midlothian 1 3783

Mammals 78 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1311 days Midlothian 1 3784 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1309 days Midlothian 1 3785 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1310 days Midlothian 1 3789 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1312 days Midlothian 1 3791 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 210 days Midlothian 1 3792 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 208 days Midlothian 1 3794 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1668 days Midlothian 1 3795 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 210 days Midlothian 1 3796 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1669 days Midlothian 1 3797 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 940 days Midlothian 1 3800 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1589 days Midlothian 1 3801 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1580 days Midlothian 1 3803 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1216 days Midlothian 1 3808 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1308 days Midlothian 1 3815 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1671 days Midlothian 1 3817 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 946 days Midlothian 1 3820 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1667 days Midlothian 1 3821 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1665 days Midlothian 1 3822 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1670 days Midlothian 1 3824 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1309 days Midlothian 1 3826 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 947 days Midlothian 1 3828 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1306 days Midlothian 1 3830 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1674 days Midlothian 1 3831 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 494 days Midlothian 1 3833 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1221 days Midlothian 1 3834 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 868 days Midlothian 1 3835 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1226 days Midlothian 1 3836 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1587 days Midlothian 1 3837 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 494 days Midlothian 1 3838 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1583 days Midlothian 1 3840

Mammals 79 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 495 days Midlothian 1 3843 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 492 days Midlothian 1 3844 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 851 days Midlothian 1 3845 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1231 days Midlothian 1 3846 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland f 1595 days Midlothian 1 3850 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 22.3 months Orkney 2 1591 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 28.4 months Orkney 2 1592 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 28.4 months Orkney 2 1593 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 23.6 months Orkney 2 1594 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 11 months Orkney 2 2572 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 23 months Orkney 2 2582 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 23 months Orkney 2 2583 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 54 days Midlothian 4 2953 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 77 days Midlothian 4 2962 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 333 days Midlothian 4 2966 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 333 days Midlothian 4 2976 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 154 days Midlothian 4 2986 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 119 days Midlothian 4 2999 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 140 days Midlothian 4 3015 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 105 days Midlothian 4 3017 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 54 days Midlothian 4 3027 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 84 days Midlothian 4 3032 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 85 days Midlothian 4 3088 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m c. 92 days Midlothian 4 3090 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 92 days Midlothian 4 3103 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 316 days Midlothian 4 3106 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 211 days Midlothian 4 3133 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 78 days Midlothian 4 3167 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 295 days Midlothian 4 3168 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 2 years 7 months Orkney 1 3281

Mammals 80 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 2 years 7 months Orkney 1 3282 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 2 years 7 months Orkney 1 3283 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 2 years 7 months Orkney 1 3288 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 2 years 6 months Orkney 1 3289 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1277 days Midlothian 1 3501 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 178 days Midlothian 1 3504 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 919 days Midlothian 1 3507 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 917 days Midlothian 1 3508 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1291 days Midlothian 1 3511 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1291 days Midlothian 1 3514 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 559 days Midlothian 1 3515 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 194 days Midlothian 1 3527 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 563 days Midlothian 1 3529 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 574 days Midlothian 1 3530 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 563 days Midlothian 1 3531 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 927 days Midlothian 1 3533 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 927 days Midlothian 1 3534 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1279 days Midlothian 1 3541 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 570 days Midlothian 1 3552 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 563 days Midlothian 1 3553 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 914 days Midlothian 1 3554 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 915 days Midlothian 1 3555 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1286 days Midlothian 1 3558 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 924 days Midlothian 1 3560 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1282 days Midlothian 1 3565 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 929 days Midlothian 1 3567 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 190 days Midlothian 1 3568 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 178 days Midlothian 1 3575 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 582 days Midlothian 1 3576 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1681 days Midlothian 1 3578

Mammals 81 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 195 days Midlothian 1 3582 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1303 days Midlothian 1 3583 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 196 days Midlothian 1 3590 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 941 days Midlothian 1 3591 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 201 days Midlothian 1 3592 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 578 days Midlothian 1 3598 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1305 days Midlothian 1 3599 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1682 days Midlothian 1 3601 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 946 days Midlothian 1 3615 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 202 days Midlothian 1 3619 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 939 days Midlothian 1 3622 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1311 days Midlothian 1 3625 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 473 days Midlothian 1 3635 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1677 days Midlothian 1 3636 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1671 days Midlothian 1 3637 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1665 days Midlothian 1 3638 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1312 days Midlothian 1 3654 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 830 days Midlothian 1 3671 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1573 days Midlothian 1 3676 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 458 days Midlothian 1 3678 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1194 days Midlothian 1 3681 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1207 days Midlothian 1 3692 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 832 days Midlothian 1 3699 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1577 days Midlothian 1 3703 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 841 days Midlothian 1 3706 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1213 days Midlothian 1 3709 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 486 days Midlothian 1 3710 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 487 days Midlothian 1 3711 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1585 days Midlothian 1 3714 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1572 days Midlothian 1 3716

Mammals 82 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 850 days Midlothian 1 3719 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1219 days Midlothian 1 3720 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1217 days Midlothian 1 3721 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 860 days Midlothian 1 3732 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1299 days Midlothian 1 3735 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 213 days Midlothian 1 3738 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 211 days Midlothian 1 3744 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 213 days Midlothian 1 3756 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 924 days Midlothian 1 3757 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 211 days Midlothian 1 3761 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 213 days Midlothian 1 3767 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 207 days Midlothian 1 3770 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 490 days Midlothian 1 3771 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 488 days Midlothian 1 3774 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 853 days Midlothian 1 3779 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1675 days Midlothian 1 3788 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 205 days Midlothian 1 3790 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 206 days Midlothian 1 3798 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1588 days Midlothian 1 3804 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 478 days Midlothian 1 3806 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 855 days Midlothian 1 3810 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1212 days Midlothian 1 3813 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1313 days Midlothian 1 3823 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1672 days Midlothian 1 3829 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1670 days Midlothian 1 3832 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 487 days Midlothian 1 3839 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1576 days Midlothian 1 3847 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 858 days Midlothian 1 3849 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1215 days Midlothian 1 3851 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1578 days Midlothian 1 3853

Mammals 83 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1220 days Midlothian 1 3855 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 1583 days Midlothian 1 3856 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland m 8 years Orkney 2 4106 Ovis aries Sheep Shetland unimproved f 4 years 7 months Orkney 6 1495 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c c. 36 months? Suffolk 4 1540 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 17.5 months Suffolk 3 2468 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 17.5 months Suffolk 3 2469 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 17.5 months Suffolk 3 2470 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 17.5 months Suffolk 3 2471 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 17.5 months Suffolk 3 2472 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 17.5 months Suffolk 5 2473 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c c. 18 months Cambridgeshire 2 2751 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c c. 18 months Cambridgeshire 2 2752 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 32 months 2 2773 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c c. 19 months Suffolk 5 2775 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 34 months co. Durham 1 2801 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 25 months Suffolk 2 2823 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 13 years Cambridgeshire 1 2832 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c c. 16 months Suffolk 4 2842 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 2 years 4 months Suffolk 4 2843 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 28 months Suffolk 2 2916 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c Adult St Kilda 1 2945 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c Adult St Kilda 1 2946 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c Adult St Kilda 1 2948 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 16 months 5 3212 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 16 months 5 3214 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 28 months 5 3215 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c 16 months 5 3216 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 2 3262 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 1 3263

Mammals 84 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 1 3264 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 3 3265 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 1 3270 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 3 3271 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 1 3272 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 1 3273 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 2 3275 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 2 3276 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c St Kilda 4 3277 Ovis aries Sheep Soay c Adult Suffolk 3 3934 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f Bedfordshire 1 549 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 12 years Surrey 1 1307 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 11 years Surrey 1 1308 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 21.25 months Surrey 1 1310 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 10 years Surrey 1 1311 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f Adult St Kilda 1 1312 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 4.5 years Bedfordshire 1 1317 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 5.5 years Surrey 2 2224 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 7.5 years Surrey 2 2225 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 11 years 5 months Surrey 2 2226 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 10 years 5 months Surrey 2 2227 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 3 years 6 months Surrey 2 2228 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 3.5 years Surrey 2 2229 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 9 years 1 month Suffolk 2 2438 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 6 years 7 months Cambridgeshire 2 2509 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 10 years 7 months Cambridgeshire 2 2510 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 9 years 2 months Suffolk 2 2688 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 11 years Cambridgeshire 1 2776 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 3 years 9.5 months Suffolk 1 2778 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 10 years Suffolk 1 2806

Mammals 85 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 13 years 4 months Suffolk 1 2844 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 7 years 5 months Suffolk 1 3209 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 10 months Suffolk 1 3297 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 11.75 years Suffolk 1 3352 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 9 years 8 months Cambridgeshire 1 3375 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 12+ years Cambridgeshire 1 3378 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 10–11 months Suffolk 3 3413 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f 7–8 years Hampshire 1 3420 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4115 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f Not skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4116 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f Not skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4117 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f Skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4118 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f? Not skeletally mature St Kilda 3 4124 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f? Skeletally mature St Kilda 3 4125 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f? Skeletally mature St Kilda 3 4126 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f? Skeletally mature St Kilda 3 4127 Ovis aries Sheep Soay f? Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4128 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m Surrey 1 460 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m Adult St Kilda 1 1487 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m 9 years Suffolk 4 2552 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m Adult Suffolk 3 3412 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m 18 months Hampshire 1 3419 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m Foetal Hampshire 1 3423 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m Not skeletally mature St Kilda 1 4119 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4120 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m? Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4121 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m? Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4122 Ovis aries Sheep Soay m? Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4123 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Wales? 4 24 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 464

Mammals 86 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4129 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 3 4130 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Skeletally mature St Kilda 3 4131 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4132 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4133 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4134 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4135 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4136 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4137 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4138 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4139 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4140 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4141 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4142 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4143 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4144 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4145 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 2 4146 Ovis aries Sheep Soay zz Not skeletally mature St Kilda 5 4147 Ovis aries Sheep South Country f 6.5 years Midlothian 4 1309 Cheviot Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 74 days Midlothian 4 3070 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 274 days Midlothian 4 3085 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 125 days Midlothian 4 3098 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 263 days Midlothian 4 3109 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 94 days Midlothian 4 3111 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 79 days Midlothian 4 3126 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 93 days Midlothian 4 3130 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 153 days Midlothian 4 3149 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 168 days Midlothian 4 3155 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk f 122 days Midlothian 4 3176 Mammals 87 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 99 days Midlothian 4 3067 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 73 days Midlothian 4 3069 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 262 days Midlothian 4 3071 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m Midlothian 4 3072 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 280 days Midlothian 4 3079 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 70 days Midlothian 4 3083 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 116 days Midlothian 4 3095 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 297 days Midlothian 4 3127 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 169 days Midlothian 4 3135 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 164 days Midlothian 4 3139 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 99 days Midlothian 4 3152 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 339 days Midlothian 4 3160 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 135 days Midlothian 4 3162 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk m 332 days Midlothian 4 3169 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk × Blackface c 17.5 months Midlothian 2 2851 Ovis aries Sheep Suffolk × Blackface c c. 18 months Midlothian 2 2852 Ovis aries Sheep Texel × Mule m 2–3 days Bedfordshire 1 1579 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 81 days Midlothian 4 2952 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 95 days Midlothian 4 2960 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 337 days Midlothian 4 2967 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 337 days Midlothian 4 2969 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 157 days Midlothian 4 2989 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 116 days Midlothian 4 2997 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 116 days Midlothian 4 3019 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 74 days Midlothian 4 3024 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 95 days Midlothian 4 3025 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain f 94 days Midlothian 4 3029 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 88 days Midlothian 4 1573 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 74 days Midlothian 4 2955 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 81 days Midlothian 4 2956

Mammals 88 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 88 days Midlothian 4 2957 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 109 days Midlothian 4 2961 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 102 days Midlothian 4 2964 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 337 days Midlothian 4 2968 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 337 days Midlothian 4 2970 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 189 days Midlothian 4 2985 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 137 days Midlothian 4 3021 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 84 days Midlothian 4 3068 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 294 days Midlothian 4 3078 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 83 days Midlothian 4 3081 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 92 days Midlothian 4 3087 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 90 days Midlothian 4 3096 Ovis aries Sheep Welsh mountain m 233 days Midlothian 4 3132 Ovis aries Sheep Wiltshire horned f 9 years Hampshire 1 3936 Ovis aries Sheep Wiltshire horned m 6.5 years Hampshire 1 3454 Ovis aries musimon Mouflon f 10–12 years West Midlands 1 1316 Ovis aries musimon Mouflon f Bedfordshire 1 2060 Ovis aries musimon Mouflon m 2 2057

Ovis aries musimon Mouflon f Bedfordshire 1 463

Ovis aries musimon Mouflon f Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 467 Ovis sp.? Sheep species? zz Foetal? 1 2072

Oryx beisa Beisa 2 808 Oryx beisa Beisa zz Bedfordshire 1 458 Oryx beisa Beisa zz Bedfordshire 5 461 Oryx beisa Beisa zz Bedfordshire 3 490

Camelidae Camelus bactrianus Bactrian camel zz Bedfordshire 3 634 Lama glama Llama zz Juvenile Norfolk 1 497 Lama glama guanicoe Guanaco zz Bedfordshire 1 632

Cervidae M ammals 89 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Hampshire 1 27 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Hampshire 3 69 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Hampshire 3 84 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Juvenile Suffolk 1 2815 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f c. 2.5 years Norfolk 1 3145 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Adult Suffolk 1 3235 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Adult Hampshire 1 4008 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Foetal Hampshire 1 4010 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Foetal Hampshire 1 4011 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) f Hampshire 3 4534 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m Hampshire 1 2979 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m Young adult Suffolk 1 3234 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m 2 years Suffolk 1 3330 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m Skeletally mature Inverness and 1 4237 Nairn Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m Skeletally mature Easter Ross 1 4238 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m Subadult West Sussex 3 4491 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) m Subadult? West Sussex 3 4558 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) zz 5 642 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) zz Juvenile Suffolk 1 2841 Capreolus capreolus Roe deer (European roe deer) zz Skeletally mature Inverness-shire 1 4239

Rangifer tarandus Reindeer 5 2112 Rangifer tarandus Reindeer m 5 years Bedfordshire 1 576 Rangifer tarandus Reindeer zz Bedfordshire 5 575

Cervus elaphus Red deer 5 82 Cervus elaphus Red deer f 20+ years Bedfordshire 1 454 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Juvenile 1 462 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Bedfordshire 1 563 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Adult Bedfordshire 3 762 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Subadult Highland 2 2735 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4098 Mammals 90 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Cervus elaphus Red deer f Skeletally mature North Lincolnshire 1 4099 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4100 Cervus elaphus Red deer f Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4101 Cervus elaphus Red deer m 20+ years Bedfordshire 1 8 Cervus elaphus Red deer m Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 561 Cervus elaphus Red deer m 5 820 Cervus elaphus Red deer m Scotland 5 1619 Cervus elaphus Red deer m 2 days Bedfordshire 1 2058 Cervus elaphus Red deer m Bedfordshire 1 2059 Cervus elaphus Red deer zz Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 496 Cervus elaphus Red deer zz Neonatal 1 555 Cervus elaphus Red deer zz Foetal 1 3991 Cervus elaphus Red deer zz Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4102 Cervus elaphus Red deer zz Not skeletally mature Highland 1 4103 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed f >10 years Avon 2 3185 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed f 32 months Avon 4 3186 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed f 7 years 7 months Avon 4 3230 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed f 10 years 3 months Avon 2 3231 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed m 11 years Avon 2 3184 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed m 23 months Avon 2 3205 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed m 34 months Avon 2 3207 Cervus elaphus Red deer Farmed m 5 years 3 months Avon 2 3229 Cervus nippon Sika m 1 year Bedfordshire 1 465 Cervus nippon Sika m Bedfordshire 3 4538 Dama dama Fallow deer f Hampshire 3 61 Dama dama Fallow deer f Bedfordshire 1 2034 Dama dama Fallow deer f Northamptonshire 1 2525 Dama dama Fallow deer f Skeletally mature North Lincolnshire 1 4083 Dama dama Fallow deer f Hampshire 3 4535 Dama dama Fallow deer m Derbyshire 1 92

Mammals 91 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Dama dama Fallow deer m Australia 4 1331 Dama dama Fallow deer m Juvenile Cambridgeshire 3 1439 Dama dama Fallow deer m 6–7 years Northamptonshire 2 2526 Dama dama Fallow deer m Northamptonshire 2 2527 Dama dama Fallow deer m Juvenile Cambridgeshire 3 2684 Dama dama Fallow deer m Skeletally mature North Lincolnshire 1 4097 Dama dama Fallow deer m Bedfordshire 3 4537 Dama dama Fallow deer zz Juvenile 1 560 Dama dama Fallow deer zz Foetal North Lincolnshire 1 4082 Dama dama Fallow deer zz Not skeletally mature North Lincolnshire 1 4096 Dama dama Fallow deer Black fallow deer f Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 559 Dama dama Fallow deer Black fallow deer m Bedfordshire 1 470 Dama dama Fallow deer Park f 8 years Warwickshire 1 3344 Elaphurus davidianus Pere David’s deer zz Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 564 Elaphurus davidianus Pere David’s deer zz 5 823 Muntiacus reevesi Reeves’ muntjac f Bedfordshire 3 4539 Muntiacus reevesi Reeves’ muntjac m Adult Cambridgeshire 1 1166 Muntiacus reevesi Reeves’ muntjac m Juvenile Buckinghamshire 1 2074 Muntiacus reevesi Reeves’ muntjac m Juvenile Sussex 1 4420 Muntiacus reevesi Reeves’ muntjac m Bedfordshire 3 4540 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer f Juvenile 1 457 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer f Bedfordshire 1 478 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer f Adult 1 479 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer m 4 557 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer m Bedfordshire 3 4536 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer zz Juvenile 1 556 Hydropotes inermis Chinese water deer zz Bedfordshire 1 2035

Giraffidae

Mammals 92 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Giraffa Giraffe zz Bedfordshire 3 754 camelopardalis Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus Common zz Bedfordshire 5 641 amphibius hippopotamus Suidae Sus domesticus Pig f 3 193 Sus domesticus Pig zz Newborn Lincolnshire 1 4241 Sus domesticus Pig zz Not skeletally mature Hampshire 4 4561 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire f 5 years 10 months Cambridgeshire 1 2222 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire f 1 year Sussex 2 2520 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 6 months Kent 3 4 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 6 months Kent 3 5 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 6 months Kent 3 6 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 5 months Devon 3 2175 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2176 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2177 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2178 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2179 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2180 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2181 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2182 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2183 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2184 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2185 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2186 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2187 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz Juvenile Devon 3 2188 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 6 months Kent 3 3220 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 6 months Kent 3 3221 Sus domesticus Pig Berkshire zz 6 months Kent 3 3222

Mammals 93 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sus domesticus Pig British lop ear? f c. 5–6 months Devon 3 2273 Sus domesticus Pig British lop ear? f? 5–6 months Devon 3 2274 Sus domesticus Pig Gloucester old spot f 5.5 months Devon 3 2265 Sus domesticus Pig Gloucester old spot f Approx 3 years Cambridgeshire 3 3143 Sus domesticus Pig Gloucester old spot zz Juvenile Cambridgeshire 3 3180 Sus domesticus Pig Gloucester old spot zz 18+ months Cambridgeshire 3 3181 Sus domesticus Pig Gloucester old spot zz 14–16 months Cambridgeshire 3 3182 Sus domesticus Pig Large black f 2.5 years Sussex 2 2514 Sus domesticus Pig Large white f 10 months 3 3874 Sus domesticus Pig Large white cross c 160 days 3 3873 Sus domesticus Pig Large white × blue f 3.5 years Hampshire 1 3867 cross Sus domesticus Pig Middle white f 5 months Devon 3 2269 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white m 5 months Devon 3 2270 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white m 5 months Devon 3 2271 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2163 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2164 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2165 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2166 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2167 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2168 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2169 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2170 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2171 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2172 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2173 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz Juvenile Devon 3 2174 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Kent 3 3223 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Kent 3 3224 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Kent 3 3225 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Kent 3 3226 Mammals 94 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3251 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3252 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3253 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3254 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3255 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3256 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3257 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3258 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3259 Sus domesticus Pig Middle white zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3260 Sus domesticus Pig Standard white zz c. 18 months West Sussex 4 4555 Sus domesticus Pig Standard white zz c. 18 months West Sussex 4 4559 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth f 12+ years West Midlands 1 2022 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 1582 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2189 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2190 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2191 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2192 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2193 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2194 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2195 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2196 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2197 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz Juvenile Devon 3 2198 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3144 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3188 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3189 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3190 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3191 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3192

Mammals 95 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3193 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3194 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3195 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3197 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3200 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3201 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3202 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3203 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz c. 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3204 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3236 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3237 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3239 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3240 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3241 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3243 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3244 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3245 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3246 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3247 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3248 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3249 Sus domesticus Pig Tamworth zz 6 months Cambridgeshire 3 3250

Sus domesticus Pig f Juvenile 1 4424

Sus domesticus Pig m? Juvenile 1 4423

Sus domesticus Pig zz Hampshire/West 1 4422 Sussex? Sus domesticus Pig Vietnamese pot- f Bedfordshire 1 543 bellied Sus scrofa Wild boar f 7/8 years Italy 3 3884 Sus scrofa Wild boar f 6 months Italy 3 3885 Sus scrofa Wild boar f 30 months Italy 3 3887

Mammals 96 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sus scrofa Wild boar f 7 years Italy 3 3889 Sus scrofa Wild boar m Turkey 4 1630 Sus scrofa Wild boar m c. 10 months Somerset 1 2771 Sus scrofa Wild boar m Adult Italy 3 3888 Sus scrofa Wild boar m Adult, 7 years? Italy 3 3890 Sus scrofa Wild boar m 5 years Italy 3 3891 Sus scrofa Wild boar zz 4/5 months Italy 3 3886 Sus scrofa Wild boar Captive f 6 months Kent 1 4005 Sus scrofa Wild boar Captive m 6 months Kent 1 4006 Sus scrofa Wild boar Farmed f c. 14 months? Sussex 2 2864 Sus scrofa Wild boar Farmed f 3 years 4 months Bedfordshire 2 3298 Sus scrofa Wild boar Farmed m 1.5 years Bedfordshire 1 3232 Sus scrofa Wild boar Farmed m 1.5 years Bedfordshire 3 3233 Sus scrofa Wild boar Farmed zz Foetal, c. 1 week pre- Bedfordshire 1 3300 birth Sus scrofa Wild boar Farmed zz Foetal, c. 1 week pre- Bedfordshire 1 3301 birth

Mammals 97 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Carnivora

Canidae

Canis familiaris Dog Bedfordshire 4 2039 Canis familiaris Dog Alsatian f 13 years 2 22 Canis familiaris Dog Alsatian m 2 53 Canis familiaris Dog Beagle f 2 12 Canis familiaris Dog Border collie zz 2 21 Canis familiaris Dog Boxer m 8 years 5 4394 Canis familiaris Dog Boxer? m 8 years 5 4396 Canis familiaris Dog Bull mastiff f 2 51 Canis familiaris Dog Bull terrier zz 2 43 Canis familiaris Dog Collie f 3 days Outer Hebrides 2 4151 Canis familiaris Dog Collie zz 2 41 Canis familiaris Dog Collie, small f 2 14 Canis familiaris Dog Collie? zz Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4149 Canis familiaris Dog Dachshund zz 2 23 Canis familiaris Dog Fox terrier m 2 13 Canis familiaris Dog Greyhound f 2 20 Canis familiaris Dog Greyhound f 1 72 Canis familiaris Dog Jack Russell m 2 11 terrier Canis familiaris Dog Labrador m 2 19 Canis familiaris Dog Labrador × zz London 1 500 Alsatian Canis familiaris Dog Miniature f 2 16 poodle Canis familiaris Dog Mongrel m >10 years Nottinghamshire 1 4150 Canis familiaris Dog Pekingese zz 2 40 Canis familiaris Dog Pomeranian zz 4 18 Canis familiaris Dog Toy poodle zz 2 17 Canis familiaris Dog Welsh border f 12 years Hampshire 1 3993 collie

Mammals 98 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Canis familiaris? Dog? zz Skeletally mature 5 4152 Canis lupus Wolf zz Bedfordshire 3 4525 Canis lupus Wolf Canadian f Bedfordshire 1 494 timber Canis lupus Wolf Timber m? Not skeletally mature Scotland 5 4148 Canis lupus? Wolf? zz 1 2061 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Juvenile Surrey 1 2041 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Juvenile? Oxfordshire 1 2043 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Buckinghamshire 1 2210 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Juvenile South Yorkshire 1 2367 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Juvenile Wales 3 2435 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Juvenile Inverness-shire 2 2699 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Somerset 1 2880 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) f Adult Hampshire 1 3426 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m 4 3 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Juvenile Buckinghamshire 1 2029 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Not skeletally mature Oxfordshire 1 2037 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Juvenile South Yorkshire 2 2352 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Adult Essex 1 2463 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Cambridgeshire 2 2528 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Neonatal/postnatal Inverness-shire 1 3402 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Postnatal Inverness-shire 1 3403 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Adult Essex 1 3425 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Adult Hampshire 1 3458 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Adult Hampshire 1 3459 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Juvenile Surrey 1 3997 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Juvenile Hampshire 1 4057 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m Young Isle of Wight 3 4521 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m? Devon 2 2032 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) m? Not skeletally mature Oxfordshire 1 4154 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) zz 4 58 Mammals 99 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) zz Juvenile Hertfordshire 1 1350 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) zz Neonatal/postnatal Inverness-shire 2 3404 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) zz Juvenile West Sussex 1 4056 Vulpes vulpes Fox (red fox) zz Skeletally mature Ross and Cromarty 2 4153

Mustelidae Martes foina Beech marten m Germany 1 1470

Martes martes Pine marten (European pine marten) 3 4526 Martes martes Pine marten (European pine marten) m 2 years Ross and Cromarty 4 1445 Martes martes Pine marten (European pine marten) zz Inverness-shire 5 1446 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) f Adult Dumfries and 4 1363 Galloway Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) f Subadult Inner Hebrides 4 1365 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) f Juvenile Ross and Cromarty 4 1367 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) f Hertfordshire 1 2755 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) f? Gwynedd 1 2263 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m Adult Devon 4 1362 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m Subadult Cornwall 4 1364 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m Juvenile Perthshire 4 1366 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m Juvenile Highland 1 2557 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m 7 years 5 months Suffolk 1 2865 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m Young adult North Yorkshire 1 2936 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m 21 months North Yorkshire 1 2937 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) m Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4215 Lutra lutra Otter (European otter) zz Skeletally mature Inner Hebrides 1 4214 Lutra lutra? European otter? f 3 4517

Meles meles Badger (European badger) 4 484

Meles meles Badger (European badger) 1 2036 Meles meles Badger (European badger) f 1 2066 Meles meles Badger (European badger) f Wales 1 2706 Meles meles Badger (European badger) f Juvenile North Yorkshire 1 3461 Meles meles Badger (European badger) m Adult Essex 1 2427 Mammals 100 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Meles meles Badger (European badger) m Northamptonshire 1 2743 Meles meles Badger (European badger) m Northamptonshire 1 2744 Meles meles Badger (European badger) m Skeletally mature Sussex 1 4212 Meles meles Badger (European badger) m Adult Hampshire 3 4516 Meles meles Badger (European badger) m Hampshire 3 4522 Meles meles Badger (European badger) m? Derbyshire/ 1 2056 Yorkshire Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz Juvenile Hampshire 1 25 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz Hampshire 1 37 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 1 54 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 1 68 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 1 89 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 1 480 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 2 482 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 2 483 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 2 485 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 2 486 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 567 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 568 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz Juvenile 4 569 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 727 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz Juvenile 4 728 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 729 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 732 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 733 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 736 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 737 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 738 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 739 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz 4 740

Mammals 101 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz Skeletally mature Sussex 1 4211 Meles meles Badger (European badger) zz Skeletally mature Roxburghshire 1 4213 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) f Berkshire 1 1263 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) f Devon 1 2005 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) f Hampshire 1 2028 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) f Devon 1 2049 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) f Devon 1 2064 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) f Hampshire 1 2928 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Powys 1 1182 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m England 1 1300 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m England 1 1301 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Wiltshire 1 1303 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Devon 1 2048 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Norfolk 1 2232 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Gwynedd 1 2279 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Juvenile Gwynedd 1 2280 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m South Yorkshire 1 2324 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m UK 1 2456 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Essex 1 2818 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4216 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Skeletally mature Sussex 1 4218 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) m Hampshire 3 4515 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) zz Juvenile England? 1 2011 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4217 Mustela erminea Stoat (ermine) Captive m 6 months 1 1302 Mustela erminea? Stoat? m 29 days Devon 1 2054 Mustela erminea? Stoat? zz Juvenile Devon? 1 2017 Mustela furo Ferret f Hampshire 3 4524 Mustela furo Ferret Albino m South Yorkshire 1 2298 Mustela furo? Ferret? Polecat/ferret, f c. 3.5 years 1 2025 domestic Mammals 102 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Devon 1 1225 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Devon 1 2006 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Devon 1 2050 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Devon 1 2053 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Devon 1 2055 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Devon 1 2063 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f South Yorkshire 1 2705 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) f Cambridgeshire 1 2788 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Devon 1 2009 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Devon 1 2010 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Devon 4 2018 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Devon 1 2031 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Devon 1 2052 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m South Yorkshire 1 2073 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Adult Essex 1 2850 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Skeletally mature Berwickshire 1 4220 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Not skeletally mature Worcestershire 1 4387 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) m Norfolk 3 4519 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) zz Suffolk 1 1434 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) zz Adult Oxfordshire 1 3935 Mustela nivalis Weasel (least weasel) zz Not skeletally mature Norfolk 5 4219 Mustela nivalis? Weasel (least weasel)? m Devon? 1 2012 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f Powys 1 1174 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f Hereford and 1 2278 Worcester Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f Dyfed 3 2286 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f Gwynedd 1 2320 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f Gwynedd 1 2399 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f Powys 1 2422 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) f? Powys 1 1177 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Wales 1 1172 Mammals 103 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Powys 1 1173 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Powys 1 1175 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Juvenile Powys 1 1178 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Dyfed 1 1179 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Wales 1 1180 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Powys 1 1181 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 1424 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 2281 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 2282 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Dyfed 1 2283 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 4 2284 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Powys 3 2287 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Dyfed 3 2288 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Powys 1 2318 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m West Glamorgan 1 2328 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Dyfed 1 2336 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Cheshire 1 2389 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 2390 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 2395 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 2397 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Powys 1 2454 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Wales 1 2455 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Dyfed 1 2764 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Dyfed 1 2765 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) m Gwynedd 1 2767 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) zz 1 650 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) zz Shetland 5 1583 Mustela putorius Polecat (European polecat) zz Dyfed 3 2285 Neovison vison American mink m Adult Gloucestershire 1 3996 Neovison vison American mink m Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4160

Mammals 104 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Neovison vison American mink m Not skeletally mature Berwickshire 1 4161 Neovison vison American mink m Hampshire 3 4518

Phocidae Halichoerus grypus Grey seal (Atlantic seal) f? Orkney 2 2596 Halichoerus grypus Grey seal (Atlantic seal) m Not skeletally Outer Hebrides 1 4088 mature? Halichoerus grypus Grey seal (Atlantic seal) m Northumberland 3 4523 Halichoerus grypus Grey seal (Atlantic seal) m? Not skeletally Outer Hebrides 1 4089 mature? Halichoerus grypus Grey seal (Atlantic seal) zz Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4087 Phoca vitulina Common seal (harbour seal) f Juvenile Norfolk 1 2002 Phoca vitulina Common seal (harbour seal) f Norfolk 1 2003 Phoca vitulina Common seal (harbour seal) f Juvenile Norfolk 1 2004 Phoca vitulina Common seal (harbour seal) f Hampshire 3 4520 Phoca vitulina Common seal (harbour seal) m Adult Norfolk 1 2000 Phoca vitulina? Common seal (harbour seal)? zz Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4084

Procyonidae Nasua nasua Coati f Bedfordshire 1 493 Nasua sp. Coati species zz Juvenile 1 4074

Ursidae Ursus arctos Brown bear m Bedfordshire 2 573 Ursus arctos Kodiak bear f 10 months Bedfordshire 1 809 middendorffi Ursus arctos Kodiak bear m 10 months Bedfordshire 1 810 middendorffi Ursus arctos Kodiak bear zz Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 811 middendorffi Ursus sp. Bear species zz Juvenile 2 574

Felidae Felis catus Cat f Adult France 1 2848 Felis catus Cat f Essex 1 3066 Felis catus Cat f? Worcestershire 1 2212 Felis catus Cat m Juvenile 1 2046 Mammals 105 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Felis catus Cat m Hampshire 3 4514 Felis catus Cat zz 6 weeks 1 383 Felis catus Cat zz London 4 393 Felis catus Cat zz Juvenile Worcestershire 1 2213 Felis catus Cat zz Newborn? Worcestershire 1 2214 Felis catus Cat zz Newborn? Worcestershire 1 2215 Felis catus Cat zz Not skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 1 4163 Felis catus Cat zz Not skeletally mature Leicestershire 1 4164 Felis catus Cat zz Newborn Dorset 1 4165 Felis catus Cat Devon rex zz 1 2027 Felis catus Cat Domestic f Adult Buckinghamshire 1 3227 tabby Felis catus Cat Domestic, feral m Adult Wiltshire 1 4012 Felis catus Cat Feral tom m Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4162 Felis silvestris Wildcat f Mature Angus 2 1627 Felis silvestris Wildcat f Highland 1 2770 Felis silvestris Wildcat m Mature Angus 2 1626 Felis silvestris Wildcat m Scotland 1 2923 Felis silvestris Wildcat zz Argyll and Bute 1 1476 Felis silvestris? Wildcat? f Strathclyde 1 2872 Felis silvestris? Wildcat? f Strathclyde 1 2873 Felis silvestris? Wildcat? f Juvenile Midlothian 1 2874 Felis silvestris? Wildcat? m? Not skeletally mature Inverness-shire 1 4166 Felis silvestris? Wildcat? zz Not skeletally mature Midlothian 1 4167 Felis sp. Cat Domestic zz Adult 3 4440 Lynx lynx Lynx (Eurasian lynx) zz Bedfordshire 3 763 Panthera leo Lion m 20+ years Bedfordshire 1 492 Panthera pardus Leopard f Adult 3 3449 Panthera tigris Tiger Sumatra f 12 years Bedfordshire 1 453 Panthera tigris Tiger Sumatra ? × f 12 years Bedfordshire 1 487 Bengal

Mammals 106 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Cetacea

Delphinidae Delphinus delphis Common dolphin f Adult Hampshire 3 4543

Phocoenidae Phocoena phocoena Harbour porpoise m Juvenile Dorset 1 3447

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae Myotis mystacinus Whiskered bat f Devon 1 3879 Myotis mystacinus Whiskered bat f Adult Devon 1 4004 Myotis mystacinus Whiskered bat zz Juvenile Devon 1 4035 Nyctalus noctula Noctule m Adult Northumberland 1 3877 Nyctalus noctula Noctule zz Cambridgeshire 1 1360 Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common pipistrelle f? North Yorkshire 1 3274 Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common pipistrelle m Essex 1 1628 Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common pipistrelle zz Hampshire 3 4532 Plecotus auritus Brown long-eared bat zz Surrey 1 1260 Plecotus auritus Brown long-eared bat zz England 1 1261 Plecotus auritus Brown long-eared bat zz Inverness-shire 1 1503 Plecotus auritus Brown long-eared bat zz 3 4533 Plecotus auritus? Brown long-eared bat? zz Juvenile Devon 1 1481 Plecotus auritus? Brown long-eared bat? zz Juvenile? Devon 1 1482 Plecotus auritus? Brown long-eared bat? zz Devon 1 2576

Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat m Devon 3 4530 ferrumequinum Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat m? Juvenile Devon 1 1478 ferrumequinum Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat m? Devon 1 2837 ferrumequinum Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat zz Juvenile Devon 1 2477 ferrumequinum Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat zz Devon 1 2689 ferrumequinum Mammals 107 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Rhinolophus Greater horseshoe bat zz Devon 1 2838 ferrumequinum Rhinolophus Lesser horseshoe bat f Hampshire 3 4531 hipposideros Rhinolophus Lesser horseshoe bat f? Adult Devon 1 1479 hipposideros Rhinolophus Lesser horseshoe bat zz Juvenile Devon 1 1480 hipposideros Rhinolophus Lesser horseshoe bat zz immature Devon 1 2687 hipposideros Erinaceomorpha

Erinaceidae Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) f Juvenile? 1 2088 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) f Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 1 4159 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) m Juvenile Middlesex 1 1304 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) m 1 2086 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) m Juvenile 1 2087 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) m Juvenile? 1 2089 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) m Essex 1 2243

Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) m Surrey 3 4492 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) zz Isle of Wight 1 2759 Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (west European hedgehog) zz Skeletally mature Kent 2 4158

Lagomorpha

Leporidae Lepus europaeus Brown hare f Bedfordshire 1 2033 Lepus europaeus Brown hare f Lincolnshire 1 2732 Lepus europaeus Brown hare f Lincolnshire 1 2763 Lepus europaeus Brown hare f Adult Essex 1 2792 Lepus europaeus Brown hare m Lincolnshire 1 2707 Lepus europaeus Brown hare m Lincolnshire 1 2725 Lepus europaeus Brown hare m Lincolnshire 1 2733 Lepus europaeus Brown hare m Lincolnshire 1 2756 Lepus europaeus Brown hare m Suffolk 1 2816 Mammals 108 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Lepus europaeus Brown hare m Hampshire 3 4528 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz 1 647 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Suffolk 3 1324 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Wiltshire 1 2038 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Essex 1 2042 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Essex 1 2200 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Skeletally mature Cambridgeshire 1 4221 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4222 Lepus europaeus Brown hare zz Skeletally mature Midlothian 1 4223 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 1422 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2347 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2358 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2361 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2365 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2366 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2391 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Scottish Borders 1 2392 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) f Young Scottish Borders 1 2420 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2344 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2345 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2346 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2348 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2349 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2357 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2359 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2364 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2421 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) m Scottish Borders 1 2478 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz 5 121 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz Derbyshire 1 1349

Mammals 109 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz Juvenile Derbyshire 4 1351 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz South Yorkshire 1 1368 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz Foetal? South Yorkshire 1 1369 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz Foetal Scottish Borders 1 2401 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz Orkney 4 2883 Lepus timidus Mountain hare (Irish hare) zz Lanarkshire 3 4529 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) f Juvenile Cheshire 1 2253 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) f Essex 1 2332 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) f South Yorkshire 1 2351 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) f South Yorkshire 1 2375 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) f Juvenile Essex 1 2426 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) f Essex 1 2475 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) m East Riding of 1 2317 Yorkshire Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) m Juvenile Essex 1 2476 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) m Essex 1 2542 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) m Cambridgeshire 1 2890 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) m Cambridgeshire 1 2891 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) m Hampshire 3 4527 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Isle of Wight 1 2758 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Skeletally mature Nottinghamshire 1 4224

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Skeletally mature 1 4225 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Not skeletally mature Lincolnshire 2 4226

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Skeletally mature 5 4227 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Juvenile Wiltshire 1 4429 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Subadult Wiltshire 1 4430 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Juvenile Wiltshire 1 4431 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Juvenile Wiltshire 1 4432 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Juvenile West Sussex 1 4435 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) zz Juvenile West Sussex 1 4563 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) Domestic f Foetal Wiltshire 1 4044 Mammals 110 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) Domestic f Adult Wiltshire 1 4433 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) Dwarf rabbit m Juvenile? London 1 2697 Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit (European rabbit) Skomer f Dyfed? 1 2040

Perissodactyla

Equidae Equus asinus Donkey m c. 18 months Suffolk 2 3349 Equus asinus Donkey zz 4 544 Equus asinus Donkey zz 1 546 Equus caballus Horse m Adult 5 4398 Equus caballus Horse zz Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4095 Equus caballus Horse zz Adult 5 4395 Equus caballus Horse Exmoor m 11 months Gloucestershire 2 3295 Equus caballus Horse Exmoor m 11 months Gloucestershire 2 3296 Equus caballus Horse Exmoor m 24 hours Somerset 3 3299 Equus caballus Horse Exmoor p/b m 3 years Somerset 1 3329 Equus caballus Horse Pony f c. 35 years Essex 1 3158 Equus caballus Horse Pony m? Not skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 1 4090 Equus caballus Horse Thoroughbred f Foetal, 5 months 1 3497 Equus caballus Horse Thoroughbred zz Foetal, <5 months 1 3496 Equus caballus Horse Thoroughbred m 4 days Hampshire 1 3872 cross Equus caballus Horse Welsh cob f Adult Hampshire 1 3868 Equus hemionus onager Onager zz 3 758 Equus przewalskii Przewalski’s horse f Foetal 1 473 Equus przewalskii Przewalski’s horse m 17 months Hampshire 1 3414 Equus przewalskii Przewalski’s horse zz 3 760 Equus sp. Equid zz 3 816 Equus sp. Equid zz 5 817 Equus sp. Equid zz 5 818 Equus sp. Equid zz 5 819 Equus sp. Equid zz 5 4397 Mammals 111 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE#

Rhinocerotida Ceratotherium simum White rhinoceros f Bedfordshire 1 456

Primates

Cercopithecidae Theropithecus sp.? Baboon species? zz Juvenile Bedfordshire 1 489 Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee zz 18–20 years Bedfordshire 1 627

Proboscidea Elephantidae

Mammuthus sp. Mammoth species Bedfordshire 5 645 Loxodonta africana African elephant zz Bedfordshire 5 640

Rodentia

Castoridae Castor canadensis Canadian beaver f Young adult? Canada 1 1632

Castor canadensis Canadian beaver f Not skeletally mature 1 4155 Castor canadensis Canadian beaver zz Canada 3 1633 Castor fiber Eurasian beaver f 3.5 year Kent 1 4009 Castor fiber Eurasian beaver m Germany 1 1545

Caviidae Cavia porcellus Guinea pig zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4157

Dasyproctidae Dasyprocta sp. Agouti species m Bedfordshire 1 386

Echimyidae Echimyidae? Spiny rat? f? Not skeletally mature 1 4455

Hystricidae Hystrix cristata Crested porcupine zz Italy 3 3892

Myocastoridae Myocastor coypus Coypu zz Juvenile 4 133 Myocastor coypus Coypu zz 4 136 Myocastor coypus Coypu zz 4 138 Myocastor coypus Coypu zz Juvenile 4 141

Mammals 112 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Myocastor coypus Coypu zz Juvenile 4 144 Myocastor coypus Coypu zz 4 734 Myocastor coypus Coypu zz Suffolk 3 4504

Dipodidae Sicista betulina Northern birch mouse m Adult Poland 1 1546

Cricetidae

Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) 3 4501 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) f Suffolk 1 1318 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) m Juvenile Suffolk 1 1319 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) m Adult Aberdeenshire 1 3278 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) m Aberdeenshire 1 3279 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) m Adult Dorset 1 3308 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water vole) m Adult Dorset 1 3309 Arvicola amphibius Water vole (European water Captive f 3 years Kent 1 3995 vole) Dicrostonyx torquatus Collared lemming (Arctic lemming) zz Herefordshire 4 1510 Dicrostonyx torquatus Collared lemming (Arctic lemming) zz Canada 1 1511 Lemmus lemmus Norway lemming m Adult Norway 1 1437 Lemmus lemmus Norway lemming zz 1 447 Lemmus lemmus? Norway lemming? zz Norway 3 1361 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Surrey 1 1035 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Surrey 1 1044 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Cambridgeshire 1 1211 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Surrey 3 1373 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Surrey 3 1374 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Oxfordshire 1 2013 Microtus agrestis Field vole f Suffolk 1 2238 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Adult Oxfordshire 1 1037 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Surrey 1 1050 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Surrey 1 1051 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Sussex 1 1232 Mammals 113 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Microtus agrestis Field vole m Surrey 3 1372 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Surrey 3 1375 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Surrey 3 1376 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Surrey 3 1377 Microtus agrestis Field vole m 1 2008 Microtus agrestis Field vole m Suffolk 1 2241 Microtus agrestis Field vole zz Oxfordshire 1 1043 Microtus agrestis Field vole zz Sussex 3 4506 Microtus arvalis Common vole f Poland 1 1602 Microtus arvalis Common vole f Poland 1 1603 Microtus arvalis Common vole f Poland 1 1604 Microtus arvalis Common vole m France 2 1345 Microtus arvalis Common vole m Poland 1 1599 Microtus arvalis Common vole m Poland 1 1600 Microtus arvalis Common vole m Poland 1 1601 Microtus arvalis Common vole Orkney vole f Orkney 1 1230 Microtus arvalis Common vole Orkney vole m Orkney 1 1223 Microtus arvalis Common vole Orkney vole m Orkney 1 1231 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) f Adult Poland 1 1548 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) f Adult Poland 1 1568 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) f Poland 1 1570 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) m Juvenile Poland 1 1566 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) m Juvenile Poland 1 1567 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) m Juvenile Poland 1 1569 Microtus oeconomus Root vole (tundra vole) m Poland 1 1571 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole f Adult Poland 1 1547 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole f Poland 1 1561 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole f Poland 1 1563 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole f Poland 1 1565 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole m Poland 1 1562

Mammals 114 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Microtus subterraneus European pine vole m Poland 1 1564 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole m Poland 1 1572 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Oxfordshire 1 1042 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Juvenile Surrey 1 1047 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Adult? Oxfordshire 1 1057 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Cambridgeshire 1 1209 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1378 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1379 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1383 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1384 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1385 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1388 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1392 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1394 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1396 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1397 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1399 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1401 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1405 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Surrey 3 1406 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f Suffolk 1 2239 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f? Juvenile Dorset 1 1207 Myodes glareolus Bank vole f? Gwynedd 1 2309 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Juvenile Surrey 1 1029 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Oxfordshire 1 1041 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Juvenile Surrey 1 1045 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 1 1046 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Oxfordshire 1 1058 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1381 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1382

Mammals 115 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1386 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1387 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1389 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1390 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1391 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1393 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1395 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1398 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1400 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1402 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1403 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1404 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Surrey 3 1407 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Cambridgeshire 1 1500 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m 1 2051 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Gwynedd 1 2310 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Adult Cornwall 1 2924 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Cornwall 1 2927 Myodes glareolus Bank vole m Hampshire 3 4508 Myodes glareolus Bank vole zz 3 1380

Muridae Apodemus agrarius Striped field mouse zz Germany 1 1471 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse f Sussex 1 1164 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse f Sussex 1 1335 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse f Sussex 1 2876 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse m Sussex 1 1334 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse m Hampshire 1 1336 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse m Sussex 1 2877 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse m Surrey 3 3266 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse m Surrey 1 3267

Mammals 116 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse m Not skeletally mature West Sussex 1 4560 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse zz Hampshire 3 4507 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f 37 days Surrey 1 1242 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f 80 days Surrey 1 1243 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f 48 days Surrey 1 1246 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f 22 days Surrey 1 1247 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f 19 months Surrey 1 1251 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f 188 days Surrey 1 1253 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f Juvenile? Surrey 1 1254 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred f Surrey 1 1262 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 12.5 months Surrey 1 1244 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 95 days Surrey 1 1245 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 95 days Surrey 1 1248 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 85 days Surrey 1 1249 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 15 months Surrey 1 1250 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 274 days Surrey 1 1255 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 31 days Surrey 1 1256 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 63 days Surrey 1 1257 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred m 133 days Surrey 1 1258 Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse Lab bred? m 23 months? Surrey 1 1252 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Oxfordshire 1 1011 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Oxfordshire 1 1012 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Oxfordshire 1 1013 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Oxfordshire 1 1014 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Oxfordshire 1 1015 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Oxfordshire 1 1016 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Surrey 1 1030 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Surrey 1 1031 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Surrey 1 1032 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Juvenile Oxfordshire 1 1055

Mammals 117 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Adult? Oxfordshire 1 1056 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Buckinghamshire 1 1337 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f North Yorkshire 1 1498 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Cambridgeshire 1 1501 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Suffolk 1 2240 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2289 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2291 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2292 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2293 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2295 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2304 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2307 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f Gwynedd 1 2311 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f? Cambridgeshire 1 1499 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse f? Gwynedd 1 2305 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1001 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1003 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1004 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1005 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1006 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1007 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1008 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1009 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Oxfordshire 1 1010 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Surrey 1 1023 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Surrey 1 1024 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Surrey 1 1025 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Surrey 1 1026 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Adult London 1 1039 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m London 1 1040

Mammals 118 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Surrey 1 1052 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Surrey 1 1053 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Suffolk 1 1322 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Gwynedd 1 2294 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Gwynedd 1 2306 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Gwynedd 1 2308 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Gwynedd 1 2313 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m South Yorkshire 1 2393 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m France 1 2727 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Adult Cambridgeshire 1 2834 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Adult Hampshire 1 3451 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Adult Hampshire 1 3452 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m Sussex 3 4509 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m? Surrey 1 1027 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m? Surrey 1 1034 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse m? Gwynedd 1 2312 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse zz Juvenile? Surrey 1 1028 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse zz Suffolk 1 2246 Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse zz Juvenile Hampshire 1 4404 Apodemus sylvaticus? Wood mouse? f Suffolk 1 2242 Apodemus sylvaticus? Wood mouse? zz Channel Islands 1 2492 Apodemus sp. Mouse species f Cambridgeshire 1 1210 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse m Hampshire 3 4511 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse m? Juvenile? Surrey 1 1048 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse m? Suffolk 1 3290 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse Captive m Adult Kent 1 3994 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse Captive m 2 years 6 months Kent 1 4034 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse Lab bred f c. 1 month Middlesex? 1 1236 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse Lab bred zz Middlesex? 1 1238 Micromys minutus Harvest mouse Lab bred zz Middlesex? 1 1239

Mammals 119 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Micromys minutus Harvest mouse Lab bred zz Middlesex? 1 1241 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1059 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1062 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1064 Mus musculus House mouse f Juvenile Orkney 1 1068 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1072 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1073 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1074 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1075 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1076 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1079 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1082 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1087 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1090 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1093 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1098 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1099 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1100 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1101 Mus musculus House mouse f Adult Orkney 1 1103 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1107 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1108 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1110 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1112 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1116 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1117 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1119 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1121 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1122 Mus musculus House mouse f Orkney 1 1123

Mammals 120 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Mus musculus House mouse f Hampshire 1 1338 Mus musculus House mouse f West Midlands 1 1341 Mus musculus House mouse f Middlesex 1 2257 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1060 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1061 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1063 Mus musculus House mouse m Juvenile Orkney 1 1065 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1066 Mus musculus House mouse m Juvenile Orkney 1 1067 Mus musculus House mouse m Juvenile Orkney 1 1069 Mus musculus House mouse m Juvenile Orkney 1 1070 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1071 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1077 Mus musculus House mouse m Juvenile Orkney 1 1078 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1080 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1083 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1084 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1085 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1086 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1089 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1091 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1092 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1094 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1095 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1096 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1097 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1102 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1109 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1111 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1113

Mammals 121 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1114 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1115 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1118 Mus musculus House mouse m Orkney 1 1120 Mus musculus House mouse m Hampshire 1 1339 Mus musculus House mouse m West Midlands 1 1340 Mus musculus House mouse m London 1 1342 Mus musculus House mouse m London 1 1343 Mus musculus House mouse m Cambridgeshire 1 2836 Mus musculus House mouse zz Cambridgeshire 1 1168 Mus musculus House mouse zz Isle of Wight 1 1483 Mus musculus House mouse zz Essex 1 2249 Mus musculus House mouse zz Hampshire 3 4505 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) f Lundy 1 1455 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) f Lundy 1 1456 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) f Lundy 1 1457 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) f Mid Glamorgan 1 2276 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) f Adult Hampshire 3 4502 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) m Cambridgeshire 1 1128 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) m Lundy 1 1454 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) m Essex 1 2095 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) m Juvenile Hampshire 3 4503 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) zz Essex 1 2092 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) zz Skeletally mature Outer Hebrides 2 4232 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) zz Not skeletally mature Lincolnshire 2 4233 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) zz Not skeletally mature Inner Hebrides 5 4234 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Norway rat) zz Skeletally mature USA 1 4569 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat (common rat, Domestic pet f 2.5 years 1 4545 Norway rat) Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) 3 4500 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) f Cyprus 1 1429 Mammals 122 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) f Lundy 1 1452 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) f Lundy 1 1453 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) m Lundy 1 2846 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) m? Lundy 1 2847 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) zz Juvenile Cyprus 1 1022 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) zz France 4 1371 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) zz Cyprus 3 1412 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) zz Cyprus 4 1611 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) zz Cyprus 2 1612 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1264 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1265 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1266 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1268 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1269 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1276 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1279 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1284 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f c. 4 months Surrey 1 1289 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Surrey 1 1295 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred f Juvenile Surrey 1 1296 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1271 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1273 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1274 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1277 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1278 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m 1 year 3 months Surrey 1 1281 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m c. 1 month Surrey 1 1282 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1283 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m c. 5 years Surrey 1 1285 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1286

Mammals 123 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1287 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m c. 1 month Surrey 1 1288 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1290 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1291 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m c. 4 months? Surrey 1 1292 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1293 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m Surrey 1 1294 Rattus rattus Black rat (ship rat) Lab bred m c. 1 year 5 months Surrey 1 1298

Gliridae Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) f Subadult Buckinghamshire 1 3482 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Germany 1 1464 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Subadult Buckinghamshire 1 4454 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Subadult? Buckinghamshire 1 4458 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Subadult Hertfordshire 1 4459 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Subadult Buckinghamshire 1 4463 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Subadult Hertfordshire 1 4476 Glis glis Edible dormouse (fat dormouse) m Hertfordshire 3 4512 Eliomys quercinus Garden dormouse f France 2 1347 Eliomys quercinus Garden dormouse zz France 1 1348 Muscardinus Hazel dormouse f Herefordshire 2 1233 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse m Juvenile Devon 1 1430 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse m Devon 1 1477 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse m? Herefordshire 4 3303 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse m? Somerset 4 3304 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse m? Somerset 4 3305 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse zz Not skeletally mature Northumberland 2 1614 avellanarius

Mammals 124 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Muscardinus Hazel dormouse zz Devon 3 4513 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse Captive bred m Juvenile? 1 3269 avellanarius Muscardinus Hazel dormouse Captive bred zz Juvenile? 1 3268 avellanarius Sciuridae Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) f 1 2067 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) f Juvenile England 1 2083 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) f England 1 2084 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Bedfordshire 1 2016 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Cambridgeshire 1 2075 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Juvenile? England 1 2081 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m England 1 2082 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Buckinghamshire 1 2085 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m North Wales 1 2316 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Not skeletally mature Norfolk 1 4230 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Adult Shropshire 1 4477 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) m Berkshire 3 4499 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) zz Adult West Midlands 1 3953 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) zz Not skeletally mature Gloucestershire 1 4228 Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4229

Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel) zz Skeletally mature 4 4231 Sciurus carolinensis? Grey squirrel (Eastern grey squirrel)? m Sussex 1 2020 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) f North Wales 1 2296 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) f North Wales 1 2319 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) f Gwynedd 1 2321 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) m Juvenile? Dorset 1 2078 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) m Fife 1 2220 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) m Isle of Wight 1 2879 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) zz Cambridgeshire 1 1344 Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel) zz Norfolk 3 4510 Mammals 125 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sciurus vulgaris? Red squirrel (Eurasian red squirrel)? m 1 2007

Soricidae Crocidura leucodon Bicoloured shrew zz Italy 1 1532 Crocidura russula Greater white-toothed shrew m France 2 1346 Crocidura russula Greater white-toothed shrew zz Channel Islands 1 2490 Crocidura russula Greater white-toothed shrew zz Channel Islands 3 2491

Crocidura russula Greater white-toothed shrew zz Channel Islands 3 4494

Crocidura russula? Greater white-toothed shrew? zz 3 4556 Crocidura suaveolens Lesser white-toothed shrew f Adult Isles of Scilly 1 4036

Crocidura suaveolens Lesser white-toothed shrew zz Isles of Scilly 3 4498 Suncus etruscus Pygmy white-toothed shrew zz Italy 1 1533 (Etruscan shrew) Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1154 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1155 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1161 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) f Juvenile Hampshire 1 1200 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) f Adult Surrey 1 1201 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) f Approx 1 year Cambridgeshire 1 2690 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1156 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1157 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1158 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1160 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Juvenile Berkshire 1 1199 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Adult Surrey 1 1202 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Surrey 1 1203 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) m Hereford and 1 2728 Worcester Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) zz Hampshire 1 1018 Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) zz Hampshire 3 1411

Neomys fodiens Water shrew (Eurasian water shrew) zz Hampshire 3 4497 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Kent 1 1054

Mammals 126 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1134 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1136 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1137 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1138 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Adult Surrey 1 1141 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Adult Surrey 1 1142 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1143 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Adult Surrey 1 1144 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1145 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1147 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1151 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Juvenile Surrey 1 1152 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Buckinghamshire 1 1170 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f France 1 2726 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Cornwall 1 2933 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f Adult West Sussex 1 4389 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) f? Cambridgeshire 1 1208 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1135 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Adult Surrey 1 1139 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Adult Surrey 1 1140 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1146 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1148 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1149 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Juvenile Surrey 1 1153 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m England? 1 2069 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Cambridgeshire 1 2216 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Hertfordshire 1 2235

Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m Sussex 3 4493 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) m? Juvenile Surrey 1 1150 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Huntingdonshire 1 1017

Mammals 127 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Cambridgeshire 1 1132 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Buckinghamshire 1 1212 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Huntingdonshire 3 1410 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Norfolk 1 2201 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Norfolk 1 2202 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Norfolk 1 2233 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Cornwall 1 2931 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Cornwall 1 2932 Sorex araneus Common shrew (Eurasian shrew) zz Cornwall 1 2934 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) f Oxfordshire 1 1193 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) f Hampshire 1 1195 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) f Oxfordshire 1 2096 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Juvenile Outer Hebrides 1 1002 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Oxfordshire 1 1192 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Oxfordshire 1 1194 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Hampshire 1 1196 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Hampshire 1 1197 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Oxfordshire 1 1198

Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m Hampshire 3 4496 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) m? Oxfordshire 1 1191 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) zz Orkney 1 1227 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) zz Orkney 1 1228 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) zz Huntingdonshire 3 1409 Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew (Eurasian pygmy shrew) zz Cambridgeshire 1 2819

Soricomorpha

Talpidae Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) f Dorset 1 1206 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) f Norfolk 1 2231

Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) f Hampshire 3 4495 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) f? Juvenile Sussex 1 2021

Mammals 128 Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection web list July 2020

Order Family Latin name Common name Type Sex Age Locality Comp. HE# Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) f? immature Suffolk 1 2245 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m co. Durham 1 1217 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m co. Durham 1 1218 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m co. Durham 1 1219 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m co. Durham 1 1220 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m co. Durham 1 1221 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m Suffolk 1 1323 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m Bedfordshire 1 2026 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m Suffolk 1 2244 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m Hertfordshire 1 2272 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m? co. Durham 1 1216 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) m? South Yorkshire 1 2396 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) zz Buckinghamshire 1 1205 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) zz Juvenile Norfolk 1 2141 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) zz Norfolk 1 2480 Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) zz Skeletally mature Derbyshire 1 4235

Talpa europaea Mole (European mole) zz Skeletally mature 2 4236

Diprototontia

Macropodidae Macropus rufogriseus Red-necked wallaby m Bedfordshire 1 635 Macropus rufogriseus Red-necked wallaby m Bedfordshire 3 4541 Macropus rufogriseus Red-necked wallaby Feral zz Sussex 4 3869

Mammals 129