DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of State Finances of Uttar Pradesh (Final Report)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of State Finances of Uttar Pradesh (Final Report) Evaluation of State Finances of Uttar Pradesh (Final Report) June, 2019 Sponsored by Fifteenth Finance Commission, Government of India, New Delhi By Nagendra Kumar Maurya Assistant Professor Department of Applied Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 Uttar Pradesh (India) Preface The present study provides a critical evaluation of state finances of Uttar Pradesh covering the period of 2005-06 to 2015-16. The study is sponsored by the Fifteenth Finance Commission, Government of India with given terms of reference. The study is based on secondary data taken from Reserve Bank of India, Uttar Pradesh Budget Documents, CAG reports, Bureau of Public Enterprises and Annual Reports of UPPCL. However, the quality of analysis and discussion is constrained by the availability of data. Due to general assembly elections, most of the administrative officers were busy, and despite of our several efforts, they could not be contacted for discussion on the various aspects of state finances. Therefore, information regarding policy measures taken by the government to enhance revenue capacity, allocative and technical efficiency of public expenditure; problems and prospects of GST in the state could have been presented in more analytical way. SPSU wise data could also not be collected due to the same reason. The whole report is divided into eleven chapters. Chapter I discusses the state of social and economic progress of Uttar Pradesh. Chapter II gives a detail account of estimation of revenue capacities of State and measures to improve the tax-GDP ratio and suggestions for enhancing the revenue productivity of the tax system in the State. Analysis of the state‟s own non- tax revenue along with suggestion to enhance revenues from user charges and profits from departmental enterprises and dividends from non- departmental commercial enterprises has also been discussed in the chapter II. Expenditure pattern and trends separately for revenue and capital, major components of expenditure there under, measures to enhance allocative and technical efficiency in expenditures and suggestions for improving efficiency in public spending are discussed in the chapter III. Chapter IV i talks about the analysis of deficits - fiscal and revenue in detail along with the discussion on the level of debt/GSDP ratio and the use of debt. This chapter also incorporates the study of composition of the state‟s debt in terms of market borrowing, central government debt (including those from bilateral/multilateral lending agencies routed through the Central government), liabilities in public account (small savings, provident funds etc) and borrowings from agencies such as NABARD, LIC etc. Analysis of contingent liabilities of the State has also been made in the chapter. Implementation of FRBM Act and commitment towards targets as well as analysis of MTFP of various departments has been presented in the chapter V. Analysis of the state‟s transfers to urban and rural local bodies in the State and major decentralization initiatives have been discussed in chapter VI. Impact of State Public Enterprises finances on the State‟s financial health and measures taken to improve their performance and/or alternatives of closure, disinvestment etc. is given in chapter VII. Chapter VIII covers the analysis of the impact of power sector reforms on state‟s fiscal health, in case reforms have not been implemented, the likely outcome on the state‟s fiscal health. Measurement of subsidies given by the state (Other than Central subsidies), its targeting and evaluation has been made in chapter IX. Chapter X discusses the status of GST in the state and chapter XI includes major conclusions and suggestions of the study. I also take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to various persons for their help in the conduct of this study. First and foremost, I am grateful to the Fifteenth Finance Commission for selecting the University of Lucknow to conduct the study and providing generous financial support for the same. I am especially indebted to Prof. N R Bhanumurthy, NIPFP, New Delhi for recommending my name to the Commission for undertaking the said study. I am also thankful to the Prof. S P Singh, Hon‟ble Vice Chancellor, Lucknow ii University for providing all administrative help in completing the study. Thanks are also due to the head of the department of applied economics Prof. R K Maheshwari for giving me all possible academic and administrative help to complete the study. I am also thankful to Prof. S K Shukla, Dean, Faculty of Commerce, University of Lucknow, for his support and guidance. I also would like to acknowledge our faculty members and administrative staff of the University for facilitating the research work. My special thanks to Dr. Karuna Shanker Kanaujiya for providing his unconditional assistance and support in carrying out the study. I am also happy to express my thanks to Shri Ravi Kumar, who has worked as Research Assistant in this study and helped in procuring and processing the data. Finally, I am sincerely grateful to my wife Ms. Anuradha for giving me enough space from family responsibilities to finish up the work on time. Date: 5th June, 2019 Place: Lucknow (Nagendra Kumar Maurya) iii Executive Summary The present study provides a critical evaluation of state finances of Uttar Pradesh covering the period of 2005-06 to 2015-16. The study is sponsored by the Fifteenth Finance Commission, Government of India with given terms of reference. The study is based on secondary data taken from Reserve Bank of India publications, Uttar Pradesh Budget Documents, CAG reports, Bureau of Public Enterprises and Annual Reports of UPPCL. However, the quality of analysis and discussion is constrained by the availability of data. State of the Economy of Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (UP) is characterized as the most economically backward state after Bihar. It is also the most populous state of the country. As per Census 2011, the population of Uttar Pradesh is 19.98 crore with a decennial growth of 20.09 percent. UP has added more than 33.6 million to the total population of the country in the last decade, the most by any state, recording an annual growth of 20.09 percent. However, the corresponding figure of growth for the previous decade (1991-2001) was 25.61 percent, thereby, displaying a decline of more than five percent which is quite significant. The growth performance of the state during five years plan shows that it was the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12) which recorded the highest growth rate in NDP and per capita income. UP‟s Per capita income (2016-17: Rs. 39028) is the second lowest in the country after Bihar. The state‟s per capita income is half of the national level figure. The main reasons for the low growth in the state are slow structural transformation along with low capital investment. One third of the total state‟s product comes from agriculture and allied activities whereas services contribute around half of the total. The major cause of concern is the sluggish growth of the industrial sector. The process of structural shifts in employment is slow. About 50 percent of the iv total direct employment is still in agriculture sector. In recent years, the construction sector has emerged as the fastest growing activity under the industrial sector along with creating large employment opportunities. Employment share of construction sector grew six times from 2.34 percent in 1993-94 to 13.62 percent in 2011-12. For the corresponding period, employment in manufacturing rose from 10.05 percent to 13.18 percent which is not very encouraging. The state had a higher incidence of poverty as compared to the country. Although, substantial decline has been registered in the case of overall poverty (by 11.5 percent) during 2004-05 to 2011-12 and however, the rural poverty (a change of 25.38 percent), is still very high i.e. 29.4 percent in 2011-12. To sum-up, Uttar Pradesh is lagging behind in terms of indicators of economic and social development. The pace of economic progress and structural changes is inadequate to break the low equilibrium trap. Rising unemployment, high rural and urban poverty and low economic well being will definitely have downward pressure on state finances especially in terms of high expenditure needs and low revenue capacity. Trends in Tax and Non-tax revenue in Uttar Pradesh Own tax revenue has gone up to Rs. 81106.29 crores from Rs. 18857.9 crores during 2005-06 and 2015-16 which is a more than fourfold rise. Similar increment has also been registered in different component of state‟s own tax revenue viz. taxes on income, taxes on property & capital transactions and taxes on commodities & services. State sales tax, state excise duty, stamps & registration fees and taxes on vehicles are the main contributors of own tax revenues. These four sources contribute more than 75 percent of total own tax revenue collections. There has not been much changes in the composition of own tax revenue during the given time period. v Tax buoyancy for the whole period can be referred to be buoyant as its value (1.153) is more than one. The tax/GSDP ratio is rising continuously. It has increased from 6.09 per cent to 7.24 percent during 2005-06 to 2015- 16 which corroborate the findings of high tax buoyancy. Rising own tax revenue/GSDP ratio indicates increase in tax efforts. The possible solutions to the low taxable capacity of the state lie in a multi-pronged approach which not only addresses the tax effort of the state but also focuses on the issues like governance, accountability, expenditure efficiency, etc. State‟s own non-tax revenues rose from Rs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Uttar Pradesh: State Economy (AT a Glance)
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Uttar Pradesh: State Economy (AT A Glance) Pandey, Alok Kumar DAV PG College, BHU, Varanasi 2 December 2012 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54148/ MPRA Paper No. 54148, posted 07 Mar 2014 07:57 UTC UTTAR PRADESH: STATE ECONOMY (AT A GLANCE) Alok Kumar Pandey Uttar Pradesh is India`s fourth largest and the most populated state in India. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,286 square km), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. There is an average population density of 828 persons per km² i.e. 2,146 per sq meters. Uttar Pradesh shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east. As Uttar Pradesh shares an international boundary it assumes strategic importance as far as its defence is concerned. The administrative and legislative capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow. Geography and Climate: The climate of Uttar Pradesh is predominantly subtropical; however, weather conditions change significantly with location and season. Depending on the elevation, the average temperatures vary from between 12.5– 17.5 °C (55–64 °F) in January to 27.5–32.5 °C (82–91 °F) in May and June. The highest temperature recorded in the state was 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) at Gonda on 8 May 1958.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017
    Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 Page 1 of 37 Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 Index 1. Background 1.1 India: A rising global economy 1.2 Uttar Pradesh: A potential economic growth engine 1.3 Industrial Investment & Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017: Core Intentions 2. Vision of the policy and implementation 2.1 Mission 2.2 Strategies to achieve the vision 2.3 Implementation of the policy 3. Enabling infrastructure – Developing new infrastructure and upgrading existing ones 3.1 Land 3.2 Promoting Industrial Parks/ estates 3.2.1 Developing new industrial parks and upgrading existing ones 3.2.2 Promoting Private Industrial Parks/ Estates 3.2.3 Incentives for private & government sector industrial parks/ estates 3.3 National Investment & Manufacturing Zones 3.4 Special Economic Zone 3.5 Industrial & Investment regions and Integrated Manufacturing Clusters (IMCs) 3.6 Connectivity 3.6.1 Roadways 3.6.2 Airways 3.6.3 Railways 3.6.4 Waterways 3.6.5 Digital 3.7 Transportation and logistics 3.7.1 Transportation 3.7.2 Logistics 3.8 Dedicated Freight Corridors 3.8.1 Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) 3.8.2 Eastern dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) 3.9 Industrial Corridors 3.9.1 Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) 3.9.2 Amritsar Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) Page 2 of 37 Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 3.10 Power
    [Show full text]
  • Problems and Prospects of Oilseeds Production in Uttar Pradesh
    Study No. 137 Publication No. 185 Problems and Prospects of Oilseeds Production in Uttar Pradesh Prof. Ramendu Roy 2013 Agro-Economic Research Centre University of Allahabad Allahabad-211002 PREFACE India is an agrarian country because more than 70 per cent population of the country directly depends on agriculture and allied sectors. Agriculture is also backbone of economy of the country. A number of crops are grown in the country. Among the crops, wheat, rice, potato, sugarcane, cotton, vegetables etc are main crops of India. The pulses and oilseeds are also sown across the country. These are mostly rainfed crops. India was not self sufficient in food production prior to commencement of Green Revolution while it was self sufficient in pulses and oil seeds. India was importing huge quantity of food grains from global markets to meet food requirement of population of the country. Since the independence, the Government of India had paid maximum attention on agriculture sectors to pay maximum investment in this sector through Five Year Plan. The result of investment in agriculture sector was found very positive and significant. The role of green revolution was also very significant in boosting the production of wheat and rice. The production of wheat and rice has increased manifold due to introduction of green revolution. Now the country is not only sufficient in the production of wheat and rice rather these are being exported to foreign countries. The impact of green revolution was mostly confined to only wheat and rice. On account of this, the farmers have changed their cropping pattern in favour of rice and wheat crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Brijwasi Royal E Brochure
    M AT H U R A M AT H U R A YA M LEGENDS U N A E U T T A R Delhi 145 km X P R P R A D E S H E DELHI S Noida 161 km S YA W M AY U Agra 56 km N A N R Jaipur 223 km H I VE -2 R Y AM mathura U MATHURA N A R IV The land that echos with the call of 'Bolo Radhe Radhe' rendered by ER N the priests, devotees, shopkeepers, workers, wherever you turn your ear H -2 to is Mathura- Shri Krishna janam bhoomi. During the ancient period, YA M Mathura was an economic hub. One of the major contributors in the U N A E economy of Uttar Pradesh are Mathura Industries.Mathura Refinery X AGRA P JAIPUR R NH-11 E S located in the city is one of the biggest oil refineries of Asia. Mathura N S H W -3 - A H 2 Y also is a big centre for production of cotton materials. N Map not to scale brijwasi royal Brijwasi Royal, true to its name and with a legacy of excellence in hospitality since a decade is known for royalty at its best. It is ideally located in the heart of the city and is in close proximity to the Railway station and bus stand. Brijwasi Royal promises to greet you with forty beautifully appointed deluxe, executive, superior & family rooms. The dining and lounge experience is unmatched in its class. M AT H U R A M AT H U R A rooms & suites Brijwasi Royal offers a truly unique experience in every one of its timeless guest rooms and suites.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017
    Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 Draft Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 Page 1 of 36 Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 Index 1. Background 1.1 India: A rising global economy 1.2 Uttar Pradesh: A potential economic growth engine 1.3 Industrial Investment & Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017: Core Intentions 2. Vision of the policy and implementation 2.1 Mission 2.2 Strategies to achieve the vision 2.3 Implementation of the policy 3. Enabling infrastructure – Developing new infrastructure and upgrading existing ones 3.1 Land 3.2 Promoting Industrial Parks/ estates 3.2.1 Developing new industrial parks and upgrading existing ones 3.2.2 Promoting Private Industrial Parks/ Estates 3.2.3 Incentives for private & government sector industrial parks/ estates 3.3 National Investment & Manufacturing Zones 3.4 Special Economic Zone 3.5 Industrial & Investment regions and Integrated Manufacturing Clusters (IMCs) 3.6 Connectivity 3.6.1 Roadways 3.6.2 Airways 3.6.3 Railways 3.6.4 Waterways 3.6.5 Digital 3.7 Transportation and logistics 3.7.1 Transportation 3.7.2 Logistics 3.8 Dedicated Freight Corridors 3.8.1 Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) 3.8.2 Eastern dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) 3.9 Industrial Corridors 3.9.1 Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) 3.9.2 Amritsar Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) Page 2 of 36 Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy of Uttar Pradesh 2017 3.10
    [Show full text]
  • Uttar Pradesh BSAP
    NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN, UTTAR PRADESH (U.P.) Coordinator Coordinated by: U. Dhar GBPIHED TEAM S.S. Samant Asha Tewari R.S. Rawal NBSAP, U.P. Members Dr. S.S. Samant Dr. B.S. Burphal DR. Ipe M. Ipe Dr. Arun Kumar Dr. A.K. Singh Dr. S.K. Srivastava Dr. A.K. Sharma Dr. K.N. Bhatt Dr. Jamal A. Khan Miss Pia Sethi Dr. Satthya Kumar Miss Reema Banerjee Dr. Gopa Pandey Dr. Bhartendu Prakash Dr. Bhanwari Lal Suman Dr. R.D. Dixit Mr. Sameer Sinha Prof. Ajay S. Rawat 1 Contributors B.S. Burphal Pia Sethi S.K. Srivastava K.N. Bhatt D.K. pande Jamal A. Khan A.K. Sharma 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 . Brief background of the SAP 1.2 . Scope of the SAP 1.3 . Objectives of the SAP 1.4 . Contents of the SAP 1.5 . Brief description of the SAP CHAPTER 2. PROFILE OF THE AREA 2.6 . Geographical profile 2.7 . Socio- economic profile 2.8 . Political profile 2.9 . Ecological profile 2.10.Brief history CHAPTER 3. CURRENT (KNOWN) RANGE AND STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY 3.1. State of natural ecosystems and plant / animal species 3.2. State of agricultural ecosystems and domesticated plant/ animal species CHAPTER 4. STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY 4.1. Proximate causes of the loss of biodiversity 4.2. Root causes of the loss of biodiversity CHAPTER 5. MAJOR ACTORS AND THEIR CURRENT ROLES RELEVANT TO BIODIVERSITY 5.1. Governmental 5.2. Citizens’ groups and NGOs 5.3. Local communities, rural and urban 5.4.
    [Show full text]
  • State Agriculture Plan
    STATE AGRICULTURE PLAN UTTAR PRADESH Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Eleventh Five Year Plan AIMING AT HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF FARM SECTOR [ Department of Agriculture Government of Uttar Pradesh Lucknow STATE AGRICULTURE PLAN UTTAR PRADESH Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Eleventh Five Year Plan Prepared by Dhanraj Mahal, First Floor Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Marg Mumbai 400001 FOREWORD Indian economy is predominately rural in character and is still dominated by the agriculture sector, which accounts for nearly one-fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs close to two-third of the labour force. Despite respectable GDP growth rates (around 5 per cent a year), India has unemployment rate of about 15 per cent. Looking into the grim situation of employment in the country in general and agriculture sector in particular, there is urgent need to give emphasis to generate avenues for creating more jobs in this sector. Agriculture in India is constitutionally a state subject and central government's role is restricted to formulating policy guidlines and providing financial resources for th sector. Government of India has accorded high priority to the development of agriculture for increasing the agricultural production to sustain the food supply for the growing population. Inspite of rapid development of non-agriculture sectors, farming continues to be critical for meeting the livelihood needs of a vast majority of small, marginal and tribal farmers. The new technologies have not filtered down amongst farmers to the desired extent. Although during the past ten years lot of efforts have been made to improve agriculture sector by introducing different schemes, yet the out come has not been reflected to the desired level in the national agricultural production, productivity, income and equity indicators.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Paper Commerce Economics
    Volume-4, Issue-10, Oct-2015 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Commerce Research Paper Economics UTTAR PRADESH ECONOMY: AT A GLANCE Alok Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, DAV PG College, Pandey Varanasi-01 KEYWORDS : Uttar Pradesh, Economic development, Agriculture, Industry, Infrastructural Uttar Pradesh is India`s fourth largest and the most populated state is a significant increase in male literacy of the state in rural as well as in India. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,286 square km), Uttar in urban areas i.e. 11.89 percent and 4.99 percent respectively during Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populat- 2001-11. Female literacy in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh is recorded at ed upper Gangetic plain. There is an average population density of 55.61 percent and in urban areas it is recorded at 71.68 percent dur- 828 persons per km² i.e. 2,146 per sq meters. Uttar Pradesh shares an ing the Census 2011. Female literacy rate in rural areas and urban ar- international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar eas increased by 18.71 percent and 9.95 percent respectively during Pradesh’s border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north the census 2001 to census 2011. and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east. Agriculture: The administrative and legislative capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow. The Economy of Uttar Pradesh is basically agrarian in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo - African Journal for Resource Management and Planning
    Indo - African Journal for Resource Management and Planning. ISSN 2347-1786. VOL 2. NO. 01. September, 15. 2014. District wise Parentage of Land not available for cultivation in Uttar Pradesh - 2010 - 11 Zubairul Islam Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Env. Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia. [email protected] Abstract In this paper District wise Parentage of Land not available for cultivation in Uttar Pradesh was calculated and mapped. Study is based on secondary data collected from official website of Government of India. District wise GDP was classified in five categories based on Natural Breaks (Jenks) scheme. First with 8.57 to 9.14 percent, second with 12.24 to 13.94 percent, third with 14.33 to 1637 percent, fourth with 17.50 to 19.15 percent and fifth 21.26 to 24.01 percent. Result shows seventeen districts belong to first category, twenty one districts belong to second category, eighteen districts belong to third category, eight districts belong to fourth category and three districts belong to fifth category. Key words: GDP, Natural Breaks, Uttar Pradesh 1. Introduction Land, sometimes referred to as dry land, is the solid surface of the Earth that is not permanently covered by water. The vast majority of human activity throughout history has occurred in land areas that support agriculture, habitat, and various natural resources. Some life forms (including 47 | P a g e Indo - African Journal for Resource Management and Planning. ISSN 2347-1786. VOL 2. NO. 01. September, 15. 2014. terrestrial plants and terrestrial animals) have developed from predecessor species that lived in bodies of water.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile of Labourers in Construction
    J. Stat. Appl. Pro. 7, No. 1, 151-159 (2018) 151 Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability An International Journal http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/jsap/070114 Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile of Labourers in Construction Industry of Varanasi City (India) Dharma Raj∗ and Bhanu Pratap Singh Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. Received: 10 Oct. 2017, Revised: 12 Dec. 2017, Accepted: 20 Dec. 2017 Published online: 1 Mar. 2018 Abstract: Unorganised labour sector covers more than 90 per cent of the total work strength of India. Among these unorganized workers more than half of the construction workers belong to the informal sector. The present study aim to assess the demographic and socio-economic profile of the workers engaged in construction work in Varanasi City, India. A primary survey conducted during the period of June-September, 2016, individual level primary data has been collected from the targeted population using multi-stage convenience sampling method. It was found that more than half of the workers were from the age group of 20 − 35 and most of them belong to local SC or OBC category. The average household size of labourers was found to be 6.92 per cent, which was more than the national average. More than 86 per cent of the workers in the city do not have a permanent house to live in. It was estimated as monthly income (indirectly based on expenditure and saving) of the labourer group is only Rs. 10278/- (less than 160$). This paper recommends that there is an urgent need to pay attention on government policies to improve the overall socio-economic and working conditions of the construction workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Agriculture Matter for Economic Growth of Uttar Pradesh (India)? 1
    W. Khan, S. A. Ansari 1029 For citation: Khan, W. & Ansari, S. A. (2018). Does Agriculture Matter for Economic Growth of Uttar Pradesh (India)? Ekonomika Regiona [Economy of Region], 14(3), 1029-1037 doi 10.17059/2018-3-24 UDC 332.1 JEL: F63, P11, C22, C4, N95, O13, D64, E6 W. Khan, S. A. Ansari Aligarh Muslim University (Aligarh, India; e-mail: [email protected]) DOES AGRICULTURE MATTER FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH OF UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA)? 1 Twenty-five years have passed since economic reform in India. It brought about many macroeconomic policy changes in the economy. Although these policy changes helped the manufacturing and services sec- tor to grow, agriculture did not get any direct benefits from economic reforms. It was assumed that it would get indirect benefits due to changes in exchange and trade policy, liberal industrial licensing system and re- duction in industrial protection, which would benefit tradable agriculture by ending discrimination against it and by turning the terms of trade in its favour. The present study examines the transformation in agricul- ture and basic contributory roles i. e. product, market, and factor contribution of agriculture in the economy of Uttar Pradesh. Further, a long run association and causal relation between agriculture and other economic sectors and sub-sectors are explored. An understanding of the relationship between agriculture and overall GDP growth becomes important from a policy maker’s perspective, as it would guide the decisions in allo- cating the scarce resources to attain growth and development. Results show that Product, market, and factor contribution has increased over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Study on Religious Tourism in Uttar Pradesh
    IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347-4564; ISSN (E): 2321-8878 Vol. 7, Issue 4, Apr 2019, 345-354 © Impact Journals A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Sahab Ahamad 1, Sebastian T. Joseph 2 & Prince Brako 3 1,3Research Scholar, Joseph School of Business Studies, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Science (SHUATS), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Assistant Professor, Joseph School of Business Studies Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Science (SHUATS), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Received: 13 Apr 2019 Accepted: 22 Apr 2019 Published: 26 Apr 2019 ABSTRACT Tourism is the activities of societies traveling to and residing in places outside their usual atmosphere for not more than one successive year for relaxation, business and other commitments not related to the application of a movement waged from within the place stayed. If we talk about religious tourism, Uttar Pradesh is one of the most famous states in India which is famous for its religious and cultural customs due to presence of famous religious rivers like Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati along with various religious places like Varanasi, Vrindavan, Mathura, Sarnath, Chitrakoot, Ayodhya, Hastinapur, Allahabad, Vindhyachal etc. There are many religious sites of Hindus in Uttar Pradesh among which Varanasi situated on the bank of river Ganges is very famous, Allahabad is famous for its mythical river Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati, Mathura, famous for the birthplace of Lord Krishna, Ayodhya, famous for the birthplace of Lord Rama is another famous religious destination. Uttar Pradesh is not only famous for Hindus religion but for Buddhists too.
    [Show full text]