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Life History Variations Among Different Populations of Coilia Nasus Along the Chinese Coast Inferred from Otolith Microchemistry

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Life History Variations Among Different Populations of Coilia Nasus Along the Chinese Coast Inferred from Otolith Microchemistry 九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository Life History Variations Among Different Populations of Coilia nasus Along the Chinese Coast Inferred from Otolith Microchemistry Jiang, Tao Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University Liu, Hongbo Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Shen, Xinqiang East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Shimasaki, Yohei Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 他 https://doi.org/10.5109/1467650 出版情報：九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要. 59 (2), pp.383-389, 2014-08-29. 九州大学大学院農学研究 院 バージョン： 権利関係： J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 59 (2), 383–389 (2014) Life History Variations Among Different Populations of Coilia nasus Along the Chinese Coast Inferred from Otolith Microchemistry Tao JIANG1, Hongbo LIU2, Xinqiang SHEN3, Yohei SHIMASAKI, Yuji OSHIMA and Jian YANG1, 2* Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Division of Animal & Marine Bioresource Science, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan (Received April 25, 2014 and accepted May 12, 2014) The habitat use and the migratory patterns of different estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus popu- lations along the Chinese coast were studied by examining the environmental signatures of strontium and calcium in their otoliths using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results showed that the life pat- terns were quite similar between the individuals from the Huanghe (Yellow) River and Changjiang (Yangtze) River and considerably different from those of the Qiantang River and Oujiang River. Most of the anchovies were typical anadromous fish, but several individuals were brackish–water residents. Our results also sug- gest that C. nasus may probably be a natal homing fish. Key words: Coilia nasus; strontium and calcium signature; life history; Chinese coast tag and the detecting methods (like EPMA), have pro- INTRODUCTION vided researchers with a powerful tool to precisely esti- Estuarine tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus is a widely mate the migratory history of these anadromous species. distributed species in the Northwest Pacific, including the Previous studies have already revealed that strontium sea areas close to China, Korea and Japan. As an anadr- (Sr) and calcium (Ca) signature in fish otolith (primarily omous fish, most adults migrate for spawning to the derived from water through gill uptake) could be used as Changjiang (Yangtze) River starting from early February a useful scalar to estimate the migratory history, as oto- until the end of April (Yuan et al., 1980; Li et al., 2011). lith Sr and Sr/Ca ratio are robust markers of different The anchovy species used to be one of the most impor- salinity habitats of freshwater, brackish water and sea tant commercially harvested species in the Changjiang water (Campana, 1999; Secor and Rooker, 2000; Arai et River estuary but it has been suffering overfishing these al., 2002; Arai et al., 2003; Limburg et al., 2011; years due to its delicacy and high price (US$1000/kg). Tsukamoto et al., 2011; Dou et al., 2012). Also, using In addition, due to several human activities that caused EPMA we have studied the populations from the Taihu water pollution and habitat degradation, C. nasus suf- Lake, Changjiang River estuary as well as some sea areas fered a sharp decline (Chen et al., 1999; Chen and Gu, in Yellow Sea, which proved to be very effective in under- 2012). Today, most of the research focuses on the standing the life patterns of C. nasus (Yang et al., 2006; Changjiang River population while less on population Jiang et al., 2012; Jiang et al., 2013). from different regions, like Oujiang River, Qiantang River, In this study, we estimated for the first time the Huanghe River (Crossin et al., 2007; Li et al., 2007; migratory history of C. nasus from different regions along Zhong et al., 2007). However, the knowledge on the spa- the Chinese coast (especially near estuaries) by analyz- tial and temporal dynamics of these populations is quite ing their otolith Sr and Ca using EPMA to determine the necessary for the resources understanding as well as the different habitats they experienced as well as the knowl- stock assessments, which are very useful to manage and edge on complement resources and stock movement of conserve this important fish species. C. nasus. In previous study, only some life stages have been included due to the empirical limitations of the catch MATERIALS AND METHODS analysis method to monitor the patterns of habitat used by C. nasus, which still remains inefficient (Ge and A total of 41 fish samples were investigated (Table Zhong, 2010). Fortunately, trace elements in the teleost 1). Ten individuals with total length 33.0±1.2 cm (LT, fish otolith have been proved to be an effective natural mean±S.D.) were collected on September 9, 2009 in the Huanghe River estuary (37°36´N 118°32´E, DYCE group, 1 Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi specimen codes of DYCE–01, –02, –03, –04, –05, –08, 214081, China, –09, –10, –11, –12). Nine individuals of 28.7±1.1 cm LT 2 Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of were collected on March 5, 2009 in the Changjiang estu- Inland Fisheries, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, ary or estuary around the Chongming Island (31°23 N Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China, ´ 3 East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy 121°57´E, CMCE group, specimen codes of CMCE–01, of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China –02, –03, –04, –05, –06, –08, –09, –10). Twelve individ- * Corresponding author (E–mail: [email protected]) uals were collected around the Zhoushan Islands, among 383 384 T. JIANG et al. Table 1. Biological characteristics of Coilia nasus used for otolith microchemistry analyses Total length (cm) Group Name Sampling Location Sampling date No. fish Age (year) examined Mean±S.D. Range + + DYCE 37°36´N 118°32´E 9 Sept. 2009 10 2 –3 33.0±1.2 30.2–35.1 + + CMCE 31°23´N 121°57´E 2 Mar. 2009 9 2 –3 28.7±1.1 27.0–30.5 + ZSCE 30°15´N 121°44´E 20 May 2010 10 2 28.0±0.9 27.1–29.2 + ZDCE 30°07´N 121°52´E 29 May 2009 2 2 23.1±0.4 22.8–23.4 27°57 N 120°58 E 7 Nov. 2008 10 + + OJCE ´ ´ 1 –2 18.3±3.9 14.1–26.3 tron microprobe (JXA–8100, JEOL Ltd, Tokyo Japan). Calcite (CaCO3) and Tausonite (SrTiO3) were purchased from Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and used as standards to judge the precision and accuracy of Sr and Ca concentrations (Arai et al., 2011; Yokouchi et al., 2011). The accelerating voltage and beam current were 15 kV and 2×10–8 A, respectively. The electron beam was focused on a point 5 μm in diameter, with measurements spaced at 10 μm intervals. X–ray intensity maps of both elements were made of the representative otoliths using the same microprobe in accordance with the aforemen- tioned life history transect. The beam current was 5×10–8 A, counting time was 40ms, pixel size was 7×7 μm, and the electron beam was focused on a point 5 μm in diameter. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.19.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, U.S.A.). Fig. 1. Map showing the Coilia nasus sampling sites along the RESULTS Chinese coast (DYCE group located around 37°36 N ´ Otoliths of C. nasus from the five sites along the 118°32´E, CMCE group around 31°23´N 121°57´E, ZSCE Chinese coast showed variable Sr:Ca ratios. Among of group around 30°15´N 121°44´E, ZDCE group around 30°7´N 121°52´E, and OJCE group around 27°57´N them, DYCE, CMCE and ZDCE groups were quite similar 120°58´E). with two phases distinguished by the values of the life– history transects and the X–ray intensity maps. Their otolith Sr:Ca ratios showed dramatic changes along the of which ten (28.0±0.9 cm LT) were collected on May 20, life–history transects, with significantly lower mean 2010 around 30°15´N 121°44´E (ZSCE group, specimen ±S.D. Sr:Ca ratios of 1.55×10–3±0.74×10–3 (DYCE04) to codes of ZSCE–58, –60, –62, –63, –64, –66, –67, –68, 2.52×10–3±0.86×10–3 (CMCE08) from the core to the –69, –70), while the rest (23.1±0.4 cm LT) were collected point c. 210–1200 μm to the outermost regions (Mann– on May 29, 2009 around 30°7´N 121°52´E (ZDCE group, Whitney U–test, P<0.001) (Fig. 2). Based on the previ- specimen codes of ZDCE–01, –02). Ten individuals ous studies on sagittal otoliths of C. nasus which indi- (18.3±3.9 cm LT) were collected on November 7, 2008 in cated bluish, greenish, yellowish and reddish regions were the Oujiang estuary (27°57´N 120°58´E, OJCE group, characteristics of freshwater (low salinity), brackish specimen codes of OJCE–01, –02, –03, –04, –06, –07, water (medium salinity) and sea water (high salinity), –08, –09, –11, –12) (Fig. 1). respectively (Yang et al., 2006). All samples (DYCE, The sagittal otoliths were extracted and embedded CMCE and ZDCE groups) had similar bluish central in epoxy resin (Epofix; Struers, Copenhagen, Denmark) regions, which meant that they were born in freshwater, in the frontal plane. All otoliths were ground to expose i.e., anadromous C. nasus. Thereafter they alternated the core with an automated polishing wheel (Roto Pol– among greenish or yellowish even reddish bands, corre- 35; Struers, Copenhagen, Denmark).
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