How to Determine Air Flow
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National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Compliance Inspection Manual
NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual Chapter 6 EPA Publication Number: 305-K-17-001 Interim Revised Version, January 2017 U.S. EPA Interim Revised NPDES Inspection Manual | 2017 CHAPTER 6 – FLOW MEASUREMENT Contents A. Evaluation of Permittee's Flow Measurement ..................................................................... 118 Objective and Requirements ................................................................................................. 118 Evaluation of Facility Installed Flow Devices and Data ......................................................... 118 Evaluation of Permittee Data Handling and Reporting ......................................................... 120 Evaluation of Permittee Quality Control ............................................................................... 121 B. Flow Measurement Compliance ......................................................................................... 121 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 121 Flow Measurement System Evaluation ................................................................................. 121 Closed Conduit Evaluation Procedures ................................................................................. 123 Primary Device Inspection Procedures ................................................................................. 123 Secondary Device Inspection Procedures ............................................................................ -
Ultrasonic Sensors for Flow Metering Piezoceramics in Ultrasonic Applications
Ultrasonic Sensors for Flow Metering Piezoceramics in Ultrasonic Applications THE CERAMIC EXPERTS Flow Sensors for Ultrasonic Metering CeramTec presents its ultrasonic flow sensors, ideal for use in ultrasonic metering of gas, water and sub-metering applications. Designed using our world class piezoelectric materials and expertise in transducer design and manu- facture, this product range is suitable to world leading temperature and pressure classifications. Gas Flow Measurement For gas flow meter applications the design, selection and use of high quality matching layers is particularly important to ensure high sensitivity and optimal bandwidth. We offer two standard air coupled sensors ideally suited for this application. Water Flow Measurement For liquid applications the design and manufacture of the sensor housing is particularly important to ensure the sensor is able to operate reliable under high pressure and within a wide range of temperatures. Our water coupled sensor is ideally suited for these applications. We can also custom designs for particularly challenging environments, particularly well-suited for operating up to 150°C. Measuring the flow of clean liquid can be achieved by mounting transducers at an angle, by reflective blocks, or by channelling the flow stream between the sensors. CeramTec offers a manufacturing service for reflective blocks made of alumina, proven to show better acoustic properties and less degradation over accelerated lifetime testing of over 20 years – a study undertaken by Loughborough University. Flow Sensors for Ultrasonic Metering Water Coupled Flow Sensors for Ultrasonic Flow Metering CeramTec presents its new range of water coupled ultra- sonic sensors, ideal for applications such as water metering, heat metering and any other fluid measurement devices. -
The Gold Standard in Fan Heaters
WALL FAN HEATER ARWF SERIES THE GOLD STANDARD IN FAN HEATERS The PULSAIR™ is extremely popular for many reasons. First, it can be recessed or surface mounted with a surface adapter (optional). In addition, it can be mounted vertically or horizontally, directing the air flow upward or downward and to the right or to the left, respectively. Last, the slim-line PULSAIR™ can be recessed into W W W W Y Y Y A A A A T T a wall thickness of 2 in. to 3 in. While it’s a winning heating solu- T R R R R N N N R R R R A A A LIFETIME A A A A R R R N N N N R R R on element T T T T A A A tion for the hallway and bathroom, it can also be installed in other Y Y Y Y W W W W W W parts of the house, such as the office or in commercial buildings. W Y Y Y Y A A A A T T T T R R R R N N N R N Its nichrome element provides instant heat. Available from 500 W R A R A R A A A A R A R A R R N N N N 2YEAR R 3YEAR R 5YEAR R 5YEAR R T A T A T A T to 2000 W, and from 120 V to 277 V, the PULSAIR™ is recognized Y Y Y Y A W W W W W W W W and recommended by those in the know. -
Single Pole Humidity Sensor and Fan Controller Cat
Single Pole Humidity Sensor and Fan Controller Cat. Nos. IPHS5 - INDOOR USE ONLY 120VAC, 60Hz - Single Pole Only Incandescent: 600W - MLV/Fluorescent: 400VA - LED/CFL: 150W - Fan: 1/6Hp WARNINGS CAUTIONS • TO AVOID FIRE, SHOCK OR DEATH: TURN OFF POWER AT CIRCUIT BREAKER • Clean outer surface gently with damp cloth only. DO NOT use soaps or cleaning OR FUSE AND TEST THAT THE POWER IS OFF BEFORE WIRING! liquids. • TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, DO NOT install to • No user serviceable components. DO NOT attempt to service or repair. control a receptacle, or a load in excess of the specified rating. • Use this device WITH COPPER CLAD WIRE ONLY. • To be installed and/or used in accordance with electrical codes and regulations. • If you are not sure about any part of these instructions, consult an electrician. DI-000-IPHS5-02B INSTALLATION ENGLISH Features Location You Will Need: The humidity sensor and fan controller senses the humidity of your bathroom • Slotted/Phillips screwdriver • For bathroom applications the device should be placed and turns your bath fan or fan/light on when the humidity gets too high, • Pencil reducing condensation in your bathroom and increasing ventilation when used at a level to detect steam. Placing the detector directly in other household spaces. above a heater or near drafts is not recommended. • Electrical tape • Compatible with Incandescent, LED, CFL and Fluorescent loads when • NOTE: DO NOT use to control a fan/light combination • Cutters used with combination fan and light fixtures. where the fan/light is the only means of illumination. -
Custody Transfer Metering
flotek.g 2017- “Innovative Solutions in Flow Measurement and Control - Oil, Water and Gas” August 28-30, 2017, FCRI, Palakkad, Kerala, India CUSTODY TRANSFER METERING Pranali Salunke Mahanagar Gas Ltd. Email: [email protected] Mobile: +91 9167910584 Mumbai, India custody transfer. A flow prover can be ABSTRACT installed in a custody transfer system While performing a flow measurement in a to provide the most accurate process control, the accuracy of measurement possible. measurement is typically not as important as the repeatability of the measurement. When There have been large changes in the controlling a process, engineers can tolerate instrumentation and related systems some inaccuracy in flow measurement as used for custody transfer. Meters with long as the inaccuracy is consistent and intelligence i.e. with modern repeatable. In some measurement electronics, software, firmware and applications, however, accuracy is an connectivity can perform diagnostics extremely important quality, and this is and communicate information, particularly true for custody transfer. The alarms, process variables digitally. money paid is a function of the quantity of fluid transferred from one party to another. Small KEY WORDS error in the metering can add up to big losses Custody Transfer, Ultrasonic flow in terms of money. meter, Coriolis meter, Standards, proving Until now, five technologies are used when it comes to custody transfer metering: 1.0 INRODUCTION 1. Differential Pressure (DP) flow meters Custody Transfer in oil and gas 2. Turbine meters industry refers to the transactions 3. Positive displacement meters involving transporting physical 4. Coriolis meters substance from one party to another. 5. Ultrasonic meters The term "fiscal metering" is often Many aspects are taken into consideration interchanged with custody transfer, when a flow meter is to be selected for and refers to metering that is a point of custody transfer metering. -
Delta Fan Heater
PAGE 1/2 DELTA FAN HEATER DELTA is a robust, reliable fan heater that is designed for use in TECHNICAL DATA areas that require a little more of materials and performance, for Voltage range: instance construction sites and ships. • 1x110V to 3x690V + PE DELTA is also used for more permanent installations such as in- Frequenzy, can be used at: dustrial buildings and warehouses, workshops, factories or ga- • 50 Hz and 60 Hz rages, as it can go from transportable to permanent fixture with Degree of protection for electrical components: a simple wall-bracket. • TP1: 3-9kW = IP44 • TP2: 15-21kW = IP34 It comes with an integrated 0-40°C room thermostat that en- Temperature control: sures optimal operation and minimizes energy consumption, as • TP1: Combi termostat with adjustable room thermostat 0-40°C well as a thermal cut-out to protect against overheating. The + thermal cut-out fan heater works without standby and does not use unneces- • TP2: Adjustable room thermostat 0-40°C + thermal cut-out sary power. Level regulation: • Manually operated 5-level change-over switch that regulates DELTA is built with internal casing in the heating chamber, which air speed and heating effect. Moreover, all types can be sup- ensures that the entire flow of air passes over the heating ele- plied with a 24-hour timer. A DELTA fan heater with timer ments. This eliminates problems with varying airflow and cold function switches on when the set time has elapsed. spots. Off The DELTA fan heater comes in two sizes: • TP1 = 3-9 kW - small cabinet Fan on • TP2 = 15-21 kW - large cabinet Half fan and half heat effect TP1: 372 mm TP1: 300 mm TP2: 462 mm TP2: 360 mm Full fan and half heat effect Full fan and full heat effect TP1: 435 mm TP2: 540 mm TP1: 322 mm ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION TP2: 392 mm Permanent installation must always be performed by an authori- zed electrician in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. -
Airflow Measuring System Using Piezometer Ring – IM-105
IM-105 Piezometer Ring June 2021 Installation, Operation & Maintenance Manual REVIEW AMCA BULLETIN 410 PRIOR TO INSTALLATION This manual has been prepared to guide the users of an airflow measuring system using a piezometer ring in the proper installation, operation and maintenance procedures to ensure maximum equipment life with trouble-free operation. For safe installation, startup and operational life of this equipment, it is important that all involved with the equipment be well versed in proper fan safety practices and read this manual. It is the user’s responsibility to make sure that all requirements of good safety practices and any applicable safety codes are strictly adhered to. Because of the wide variety of equipment covered in this manual, the instructions given here are general in nature. Additional product and engineering information is available at www.tcf.com. SAFETY NOTICE Refer to the safety section(s) in this manual prior to installing or servicing the fan. The most current version of this installation and maintenance manual can be found on our website at www.tcf.com/resources/im-manuals. Table of Contents Safety & Hazard Warnings ...........................................................................................................................................................................2 Shipping & Receiving ....................................................................................................................................................................................2 Handling ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Obtaining High Accuracy Flow Measurement Which Flowmeter Technology Is Best for Your Specific Application?
~rr,;LUID COMPONENTS INTL a limited liability company Obtaining high accuracy flow measurement Which flowmeter technology is best for your specific application? temperature may also be provided by thermal technology. Coriolis mass flow measurement ,requires fluid flowing through a vibrat ing flow tube that causes a deflection of the flow tube proportional to mass flow rate. Coriolis flowmeters Coriolis can be used to measure the mass flow flowmeters rate of11quids, slurries, gases, or vapors. They provide can be used ccurate flow measurement impacts process safety, excellent measurement accuracy. Measurement of fluid to measure the Athro,1ghput, n :- cip c:, qu,i.liry and cost, affecting bot density or concentration is also provided by Coriolis mass flow of .tom line profit or loss. Obtaining accurate flow technology. They are not affected by pressure, tempera liquids, slurries, measurement begins with selecting the best flowmeter ture or viscosity and offer accuracy exceeding 0.10% of gases or vapors. technology for your specific application media. There are actual flow. three basic types of flowmeters: mass, volumetric and velocity. For each type of flowmeter, there are multiple Volumetric sensing technologies; Coriolis and thermal sensing are Differential Pressure (DP) flowmeter technology includes orifice plates, venturis, and sonic nozzles. DP flowmeters can be used to measure volumetric flow rate Obtaining accurate flow measurement of most liquids, gases, and vapors, including steam. DP begins with selecting the best flowmeters have no moving parts and, because they are so well known, are easy to use. They create a non-recov flowmeter for your application. erable pressure loss and lose accuracy when fouled. -
Industrial Flow Measurement Basics and Practice This Document Including All Its Parts Is Copyright Protected
The features and characteristics of the most important methods of measuring the flowrate and quantities of flowing fluids are described and compared. Numerous practical details provide the user with valuable information about flow metering in industrial applications. D184B075U02 Rev. 08 09.2011 Industrial flow measurement Industrial flow measurement Industrial flow measurement Basics and practice This document including all its parts is copyright protected. Translation, reproduction and distribution in any form – including edited or excerpts – in particular reproductions, photo-mechanical, electronic or storage in information retrieval and data processing or network systems without the express consent of the copyright holder is expressly prohibited and violations will be prosecuted. The editor and the team of authors kindly request your understanding that, due to the large amount of data described, they cannot assume any liability for the correctness of all these data. In case of doubt, the cited source documents, standards and regulations are valid. © 2011 ABB Automation Products GmbH Industrial Flow Measurement Basics and Practice Authors: F. Frenzel, H. Grothey, C. Habersetzer, M. Hiatt, W. Hogrefe, M. Kirchner, G. Lütkepohl, W. Marchewka, U. Mecke, M. Ohm, F. Otto, K.-H. Rackebrandt, D. Sievert, A. Thöne, H.-J. Wegener, F. Buhl, C. Koch, L. Deppe, E. Horlebein, A. Schüssler, U. Pohl, B. Jung, H. Lawrence, F. Lohrengel, G. Rasche, S. Pagano, A. Kaiser, T. Mutongo ABB Automation Products GmbH Introduction In the recent decades, the market for the products of the industrial process industries has changed greatly. The manufacture of mass products has shifted to locations where raw materials are available economically. Competitive pressures have forced a swing to specialization as well as to an ability to adapt to customers desires. -
Optimization of Heat Exchanger Design and Fan Selection for Single Stage Refrigeration/Heat Pump Systems T
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning School of Mechanical Engineering Conference 1986 Optimization of Heat Exchanger Design and Fan Selection for Single Stage Refrigeration/Heat Pump Systems T. H. Kuehn Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc Kuehn, T. H., "Optimization of Heat Exchanger Design and Fan Selection for Single Stage Refrigeration/Heat Pump Systems" (1986). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 24. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/24 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/ Herrick/Events/orderlit.html OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN AND FAN SELECTION FOR SINGLE STAGE REFRIGERATION/HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS THOMAS H. KUEHN Thermal Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. 1. INTRODUCTION Thermodynamic second law analysis can be employed to determine where losses occur in a given system. Inputs to this analysis include thermodynamic state information, mass flows, work transfers and heat exchange. Applications to vapor compression refrigeration and heat pump systems are outlined in references /1/ and /2/. However additional details of the processes are required to identify the nature of the losses. From this detailed information one can then begin to develop simple models useful in component or system thermodynamic optimization. A thermodynamic second law analysis is performed on an air cooled single stage mechanical vapor compression refrigeration system operating steadily under full load. -
Highly Sensitive Micro Coriolis Mass Flow Sensor J
HIGHLY SENSITIVE MICRO CORIOLIS MASS FLOW SENSOR J. Haneveld, T.S.J. Lammerink, M. Dijkstra, H. Droogendijk, M.J. de Boer and R.J. Wiegerink. MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Where L is the length of the rectangular tube (see Figure We have realized a micromachined micro Coriolis 1). The Coriolis force induces a “flapping mode” vibration mass flow sensor consisting of a silicon nitride resonant with an amplitude proportional to the mass flow. tube of 40 µm diameter and 1.2 µm wall thickness. Actuation of the sensor in resonance mode is achieved by Lorentz forces. First measurements with both gas and liquid flow have demonstrated a resolution in the order of 10 milligram per hour. The sensor can simultaneously be used as a density sensor. 1. INTRODUCTION Integrated microfluidic systems have gained interest in recent years for many applications including (bio)chemical, medical, automotive, and industrial devices. A major reason is the need for accurate, reliable, and cost-effective liquid and gas handling systems with increasing complexity and reduced size. In these systems, flow sensors are generally one of the key components. Figure 1: Rectangle-shaped Coriolis flow sensor (ω is the Most MEMS flow sensors are based on a thermal torsion mode actuation vector, Fc indicates the Coriolis force measurement principle. It has been demonstrated [1,2] due to mass flow). that such sensors are capable of measuring liquid flow down to a few nl/min. These sensors require accurate 2. SENSOR DESIGN measurement of very small flow-induced temperature Earlier attempts to realize micromachined Coriolis flow changes. -
Cooling Your Home with Fans and Ventilation
DOE/GO-102001-1278 FS228 June 2001 Cooling Your Home with Fans and Ventilation You can save energy and money when Principles of Cooling you ventilate your home instead of using your air conditioner, except on the hottest Cooling the Human Body days. Moving air can remove heat from Your body can cool down through three your home. Moving air also creates a wind processes: convection, radiation, and per- chill effect that cools your body. spiration. Ventilation enhances all these processes. Ventilation cooling is usually combined with energy conservation measures like Convection occurs when heat is carried shading provided by trees and window away from your body via moving air. If the treatments, roof reflectivity (light-colored surrounding air is cooler than your skin, roof), and attic insulation. Mechanical air the air will absorb your heat and rise. As circulation can be used with natural venti- the warmed air rises around you, cooler air lation to increase comfort, or with air con- moves in to take its place and absorb more ditioning for energy savings. of your warmth. The faster this convecting air moves, the cooler you feel. Ventilation provides other benefits besides cooling. Indoor air pollutants tend to accu- Radiation occurs when heat radiates mulate in homes with poor ventilation, and across the space between you and the when homes are closed up for air condi- objects in your home. If objects are tioning or heating. warmer than you are, heat will travel toward you. Removing heat through ventila- tion reduces the tem- perature of the ceiling, walls, and furnishings.