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The Kulleet Bay Mass Grave by Colleen Parsley a THESIS
The Kulleet Bay Mass Grave by Colleen Parsley A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Anthropology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) June 2018 © Colleen Parsley, 2018 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: The Kulleet Bay Mass Grave submitted by Colleen Parsley in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Examining Committee: Darlene Weston Supervisor Bruce Granville Miller Supervisory Committee Member n/a Supervisory Committee Member David Pokotylo Additional Examiner Abstract This bioarchaeological study was undertaken in partnership with Stz’uminus First Nation and draws on forensic and osteological methodologies for the analysis of 153,386 cremated human bones found buried together in a mass grave. Archaeological context is integrated with the bioarchaeological results to understand the various dimensions of a mass cremation grave discovered during 2004 sewer line excavations in the traditional ancient Stz’uminus village of Kulleet Bay. Analyses of the thermally altered skeletal bone indicate fleshed bodies were intensely cremated with sustained temperatures. Vertical gradation of temperature altered matrices were observed in the stratigraphic profile. Archaeological and osteological evidence point to an in situ cremation event of fleshed corpses who suffered a mass death, radiocarbon dated to 2407 cal BP. Skeletal pathologies consistent with poor health and also potentially related to disease processes are perhaps indirect evidence of the agent of mass death. No evidence of conflict or natural environmental disaster is present to support alternative causes. -
Vancouver Island's Fly- Fishing Heritage
VVVaaannncccooouuuvvveeerrr IIIssslllaaannnddd’’’sss FFFlllyyy--- FFFiiissshhhiiinnnggg HHHeeerrriiitttaaagggeee By Art Lingren Published in 1865, MacFie’s book is one of May 2004 the earliest published on the two colonies Vancouver Island’s fly fishing heritage is entwined with that of the Hudson Bay Company (HBC). Founded in 1670, the HBC was given exclusive rights to trade in Northern North America. Over the next century and a half, the Company expanded from its Hudson Bay beginnings, pushing west to the Pacific Ocean and including the coast from what is now British Columbia as far south as Northern California. However, in 1843, as a result of a dispute with the Americans, the HBC moved its main southwestern headquarters from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River to Fort Victoria on Vancouver Island. In 1849 Vancouver Island became a colony of Great Britain and remained a separate colony until joined with British Columbia, on the mainland, to form one colony in 1866. Vancouver Island is The territory was probably the only evidently not considered colony in the British worth fighting for Empire that has its simply because the origins based on fly Pacific salmon would fishing. In the mid- not take the fly! That 1800s, it was commonly story--a favourite along believed that Pacific the Pacific Coast-- salmon would not take circulated for many the fly. Indeed, it was years. Clearly, Captain also rumoured that Gordon was not England's Foreign impressed with the Secretary in the 1840s, country he saw or with Lord Aberdeen (on the the methods used for advice of his brother-in- catching Pacific salmon. -
COAST SALISH SENSES of PLACE: Dwelling, Meaning, Power, Property and Territory in the Coast Salish World
COAST SALISH SENSES OF PLACE: Dwelling, Meaning, Power, Property and Territory in the Coast Salish World by BRIAN DAVID THOM Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montréal March, 2005 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Brian Thom, 2005 Abstract This study addresses the question of the nature of indigenous people's connection to the land, and the implications of this for articulating these connections in legal arenas where questions of Aboriginal title and land claims are at issue. The idea of 'place' is developed, based in a phenomenology of dwelling which takes profound attachments to home places as shaping and being shaped by ontological orientation and social organization. In this theory of the 'senses of place', the author emphasizes the relationships between meaning and power experienced and embodied in place, and the social systems of property and territory that forms indigenous land tenure systems. To explore this theoretical notion of senses of place, the study develops a detailed ethnography of a Coast Salish Aboriginal community on southeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Through this ethnography of dwelling, the ways in which places become richly imbued with meanings and how they shape social organization and generate social action are examined. Narratives with Coast Salish community members, set in a broad context of discussing land claims, provide context for understanding senses of place imbued with ancestors, myth, spirit, power, language, history, property, territory and boundaries. The author concludes in arguing that by attending to a theorized understanding of highly local senses of place, nuanced conceptions of indigenous relationships to land which appreciate indigenous relations to land in their own terms can be articulated. -
PROVINCI L Li L MUSEUM
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA REPORT OF THE PROVINCI_l_Li_L MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY • FOR THE YEAR 1930 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by CHARLES F. BANFIELD, Printer to tbe King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1931. \ . To His Honour JAMES ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Administrator of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History for the year 1930. SAMUEL LYNESS HOWE, Pt·ovincial Secretary. Pt·ovincial Secretary's Office, Victoria, B.O., March 26th, 1931. PROVINCIAl. MUSEUM OF NATURAl. HISTORY, VICTORIA, B.C., March 26th, 1931. The Ho1Wm·able S. L. Ho11ie, ProvinciaZ Secreta11}, Victo1·ia, B.a. Sm,-I have the honour, as Director of the Provincial Museum of Natural History, to lay before you the Report for the year ended December 31st, 1930, covering the activities of the Museum. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, FRANCIS KERMODE, Director. TABLE OF CONTENTS . PAGE. Staff of the Museum ............................. ------------ --- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -------------- 6 Object.. .......... ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- -- ---------- -- ------------------------ ----- ------------------- 7 Admission .... ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Geology and Soil Geochemistry Nugget
GEOLOGY AND SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY NUGGET CREEK GROUP VICTORIA MINING DIVISION BRITISH COLUMBIA LOCATION : NTS 92 B 13 W Latitude 48" 53' N Longitude 123" 47' W CLAIM NAMES: Little Nugget Chemainus Be1 1 e Dunsmui r Seattle Copper King Copper Queen Queen Bee Alliance Fr. Patricia-Jane Morl ey-Jane Peggy Fr. Beat ri ce OWNER: P. Postuk OP E RATOR : S.E.R.E.M. Ltd. REPORT BY: P. A. Ronning G. Allen DATE : December, 1979 _- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GRID REHABILITATION 2 3. GEOLOGY 2 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF LITHOLOGIES 2 Unit 1 - Quartz Schist 2 Unit 2 - Schist 4 Unit 3 - Chlorite Schist 6 Unit 5 - Feldspar Crystal Tuff 7 Unit 7 - Slate/Phyllite 9 Unit 8 - Dacite 9 Unit 10 - Cryptocrystall ine Quartz 9 Unit 12 - Quartz Feldspar Porphyry 9 Unit 14 - Gabbroic Intrusion 10 Unit 15 - Andesite 12 Unit 17 - Sicker Group Sediments 12 3.2 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND STRUCTURE 14 3.3 MINERALIZATION 16 Sub-Unit lb - Quartz Augen Schist 16 Sub-Unitslc, Id, and 5a - Felsic Quartz Schists 16 Unit 2 - Felsic Schists 17 4 3 i d I Unit 14 - Gabbroic Intrusion 17 z i Unit 15 and Sub-Unit 5b - Andesite and Andesitic Tuff’18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued Page 4. SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY 18 Copper 19 Lead 20 Zinc 21 Si 1 ver 21 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 22 6. COST STATEMENT 23 7. STATEMENTS OF QUALIFICATIONS 25 APPENDIX - LIST OF CLAIMS 27 FIGURES FIGURE 1 - Location Map (follows page 1) FIGURE 2 - Claim Map (follows page 1)- 1:50,000 FIGURE 3 - Claim Map (in pocket)- I. -
Annotated Bibliography Cowichan River System
Annotated Bibliography Cowichan River System Literature Related to Factors Affecting the Production ofCowichan River Chinook, Coho, and Chum Salmon April 2002 By Coastline Environmental Services 3453 Falcon Drive, Nanaimo BC V9T4G7, Home: (250) 756-2287 Cell: (250) 729-6238 Email: [email protected] For Oceans and Community Stewardship 4166B Departure Bay Road, Nanaimo, B.C V9T 4B7. and Cowichan Tribes 5760 Allenby Road Duncan, B.C V9L 5Jl INTRODUCTION Concerns have been identified regarding the Cowichan River system and possible factors affecting the production of chinook, coho and chum salmon. Despite stringent management strategies Cowichan River salmon stocks continue to remain below optimal production levels for the river system. This annotated bibliography was created in conjunction with a compilation of the reports cited, creating a specialized literature resource. The majority ofreports included have been copied from originals, bound and organized in alphabetical order by author. There are two complete sets available; one set will be kept at oceans and community stewardship office in Nanaimo and the other at DFO district office in Duncan. Each report has been annotated in this bibliography including; full citation, abstract source and abstract. Abstracts were derived from a variety of sources, including, original reports, an annotated bibliography created by Kristen Daniels, and myself. These resources were created to aid in a preliminary assessment into why Cowichan River salmon populations have failed to recover despite management efforts. The hope was that available literature would provide clues as to possible limiting factors for influencing recovery of chinook, chum and coho populations in the Cowichan River system. The literature included was gathered from various libraries, biologists, scientists and government organizations. -
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Ames, Kenneth M. and Herbert D.G. Maschner 1999 Peoples of BIBLIOGRAPHY the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory. Thames and Hudson, London. Abbas, Rizwaan 2014 Monitoring of Bell-hole Tests at Amoss, Pamela T. 1993 Hair of the Dog: Unravelling Pre-contact Archaeological Site DhRs-1 (Marpole Midden), Vancouver, BC. Coast Salish Social Stratification. In American Indian Linguistics Report on file, British Columbia Archaeology Branch, Victoria. and Ethnography in Honor of Lawrence C. Thompson, edited by Acheson, Steven 2009 Marpole Archaeological Site (DhRs-1) Anthony Mattina and Timothy Montler, pp. 3-35. University of Management Plan—A Proposal. Report on file, British Columbia Montana Occasional Papers No. 10, Missoula. Archaeology Branch, Victoria. Andrefsky, William, Jr. 2005 Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Acheson, S. and S. Riley 1976 Gulf of Georgia Archaeological Analysis (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, New York. Survey: Powell River and Sechelt Regional Districts. Report on Angelbeck, Bill 2015 Survey and Excavation of Kwoiek Creek, file, British Columbia Archaeology Branch, Victoria. British Columbia. Report in preparation by Arrowstone Acheson, S. and S. Riley 1977 An Archaeological Resource Archaeology for Kanaka Bar Indian Band, and Innergex Inventory of the Northeast Gulf of Georgia Region. Report on file, Renewable Energy, Longueuil, Québec. British Columbia Archaeology Branch, Victoria. Angelbeck, Bill and Colin Grier 2012 Anarchism and the Adachi, Ken 1976 The Enemy That Never Was. McClelland & Archaeology of Anarchic Societies: Resistance to Centralization in Stewart, Toronto, Ontario. the Coast Salish Region of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Current Anthropology 53(5):547-587. Adams, Amanda 2003 Visions Cast on Stone: A Stylistic Analysis of the Petroglyphs of Gabriola Island, B.C. -
Vancouver Island 2012 Flattery
A B C D E F G H I J Dawsons Landing BAMFIELD - F6 Calvert Rivers Driving Times for the 246 CAMPBELL RIVER - F4 I. Inlet To assist you with your travel in British Columbia, more than Oceanside (19A) and 217 191 CHEMAINUS - H6 100 communities operate Visitor Centres as members of the North Island Routes 201 45 146 COMOX VALLEY - F5 DISTANCE CHART Visitor Centre Network. Their friendly staff offer personalized 230 204 13 159 DUNCAN - H6 in Kilometres - 1 km = .6 miles approx. 1 Cape VICTORIA TO: visitor counselling, community information, accommodation 337 91 281 136 294 GOLD RIVER - E4 Calvert SIDNEY 35 min Smith reservations, and provincial itinerary planning. 528 282 472 326 485 220 HOLBERG - B3 F SOOKE 25 min SMITH SOUND e Inlet 336 310 113 265 106 400 591 JORDAN RIVER - H7 r r DUNCAN 45 min i LADYSMITH - H6 e 202 176 17 131 28 266 457 134 s NANAIMO 1 hr 30 min t o 252 226 43 182 30 317 508 136 51 LAKE COWICHAN - H6 Q U E E N C H A R L O T T E S T R PA I T PORT ALBERNI 2 hr 30 min r 179 153 37 108 51 243 435 157 23 73 NANAIMO - H5 in c UCLUELET 4 hr 30 min e 145 117 76 73 87 208 399 192 58 109 36 PARKSVILLE - G5 www.drivenational.ca Ru Kingcome p Knight TOFINO 5 hr e Kingcome 95 151 122 106 135 242 433 241 107 157 84 50 PORT ALBERNI - G5 r 1-800-CAR-RENTAL t Inlet Bute Inlet PARKSVILLE 2 hr / Inlet Inlet PORT ALICE - C3 B 495 248 439 293 452 187 97 558 424 475 402 366 400 (227-7368) e l Nimmo Mount COMOX VALLEY 3 hr la 484 238 428 282 441 176 50 547 413 464 391 355 389 53 PORT HARDY - C3 C Bay CAMPBELL RIVER 3 hr 30 min o Kennedy 445 198 389 243 402 137 88 508 374 425 352 316 350 54 44 PORT McNEILL - C3 2 o Thompson Hope I. -
Peovincial Museum
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA REPORT OF THE PEOVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE YEATS 1931 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C.: Printed by CHAHLES F. BANFIELO, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1932. To His Honour J. W. FOEDHAM JOHNSON, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR : The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History for the year 1931. SAMUEL LYNESS HOWE, Provincial Secretary. Provincial Secretary's Office, Victoria, B.C., March 23rd, 1932. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, VICTORIA, B.C., March 23rd, 1932. The Honourable S. L. Howe, Provincial Secretary, Victoria, B.C. SIR,—I have the honour, as Director of the Provincial Museum of Natural History, to lay before you the Report for the year ended December 31st, 1931, covering the activities of the Museum. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. FRANCIS KERMODE, Director. DEPARTMENT of the PROVINCIAL SECRETARY. The Honourable S. L. HOWE, Minister. P. DE NOE WALKER, Deputy Minister. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Staff: FRANCIS KERMODE, Director. WILLIAM A. NEWCOMBE, Assistant Biologist. NANCY STARK, Recorder. JOHN F. CLARKE, Assistant Curator of Entomology. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Object 5 Admission 5 Visitors 5 Activities 5 Anthropology and Archaeology 7, 11 Palaeontology 12 Botany 9, 12 Amphibia and Reptilia 6, 13 Ichthyology 9, 13 Entomology 10, 13 Marine Zoology 10, 13 Ornithology 10, 14 Oology 10, 14 Mammalogy : 10, 14 Publications received from other Museums 14 Accessions 11 REPORT of the PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE YEAR 1931. -
Cowichan Estuary Nature Centre the Dream Becomes Reality This Winter!
Fall/Winter 2011 The Steward Cowichan Estuary Nature Centre The dream becomes reality this winter! awareness of the influence of human activities on the estuary ecosystem. The Cowichan Valley Regional District is pleased to be able to support the Cowichan Land Trust’s efforts to establish this much-needed environmental education centre within the Cowichan estuary.” The Land Trust also successfully received funding through the Canada-British Columbia Labour Market Development Agreement Job Creation Partnership project. This allowed us to hire four participants, who As you might remember from our Spring newsletter, will be busy clearing invasive species from CVRD the Cowichan Land Trust submitted an application to parkland around the estuary, and building a trail and build a nature centre in Cowichan Bay. After a number landscaping the undeveloped stretch of land to the of successful fundraising events and campaigning west of Hecate Park over the next few months. throughout the summer, we were able to raise the necessary $35,000 to be eligible for funding. We are The project is being managed by the Land Trust’s happy to announce that funding has been approved Estuary Nature Centre Management Committee. We and construction of the new nature at Hecate Park will are looking to create an Advisory Committee for the begin this winter! interpretive design and educational programming elements of this project. If you’re interested in being “The importance of the Cowichan Estuary Nature part of the Advisory Committee, please contact Kai at Centre as a focal point to promoting environmental [email protected]. stewardship and protection of the ecological attributes of the Cowichan Bay estuary cannot be Make a donation online at: underestimated”, states Electoral Area D (Cowichan www.cowichanlandtrust.ca/help Bay) Director Lori Iannidinardo. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 Master Plan Purpose The Study Area The Municipality of North Cowichan is a vibrant and growing The parks and trails master plan is focused on the 214 square community. Our parks, trails, rivers, lakes, oceanfront and our kilometres within Municipal boundaries (Figure 1). The plan also Municipal Forest Reserve are at the heart of our quality of considers key regional connections to parks and trails managed life, our sense of place, our ecosystem services and our future by the Cowichan Valley Regional District, British Columbia economic diversification. Recognizing the importance of our Parks and local First Nations. The Municipality is large and parks and trails to our residents, and to those who visit our diverse in terms of its development pattern, ecosystems and community, the Municipality has worked with the community the outdoor recreation opportunities available to residents and its partners to develop this comprehensive Parks and Trails and visitors. The Municipality includes a number of distinct Master Plan. Reflecting the desires of the community, the plan communities—Chemainus, Crofton, Maple Bay, Genoa Bay, is a future-focused, system wide, strategic plan that guides the University Village, and the Mount Prevost/Sherman Road area. resourcing, development, management, provision and expansion of our parks and trails over the next 15 years. Through its The area is known for its rugged and scenic coastline, with development, the plan has identified strategies and actions to views to nearby Salt Spring Island and beyond. Distinctive improve the extraordinary quality of life, as well as the physical topographic features include the iconic six mountains: Mount and mental health and social and economic well-being of our Tzouhalem, Mount Richards, Mount Prevost, Maple Mountain, residents and the community as a whole. -
Traditional Marine Resource Use – Marine Transportation Technical Report for the Trans Mountain Pipeline Ulc Trans Mountain Expansion Project
TRADITIONAL MARINE RESOURCE USE – MARINE TRANSPORTATION TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE ULC TRANS MOUNTAIN EXPANSION PROJECT December 2013 REP-NEB-TERA-00036 Prepared for: Prepared by: Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC TERA Environmental Consultants Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. Suite 1100, 815 - 8th Avenue S.W. Suite 2700, 300 – 5th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 Calgary, Alberta T2P 5J2 Ph: 403-265-2885 Ph: 403-514-6400 Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Volume 8B, Marine Transportation Technical Reports Trans Mountain Expansion Project Traditional Marine Resource Use – Marine Transportation Technical Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC would like to acknowledge Chief and Council, the Lands Department, Administration and members of the following communities: • Cowichan Tribes; • Esquimalt Nation; • Halalt First Nation; • Hwlitsum First Nation; • Lyackson First Nation; • Pacheedaht First Nation; • Penelakut First Nation; • Semiahmoo First Nation; and • Stz’uminus First Nation. All of their time, effort, commitment and participation is much appreciated and was fundamental to the success of the traditional marine resource use studies for the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project. 7894/December 2013 REP-NEB-TERA-00036 Page i Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Volume 8B, Marine Transportation Technical Reports Trans Mountain Expansion Project Traditional Marine Resource Use – Marine Transportation Technical Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) is a Canadian corporation with its head office located in Calgary, Alberta. Trans Mountain is a general partner of Trans Mountain Pipeline L.P., which is operated by Kinder Morgan Canada Inc., and is fully owned by Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P. Trans Mountain is the holder of the National Energy Board (NEB) certificates for the Trans Mountain pipeline system (TMPL system).