A Method for Promoting Microbial Activity in Soil
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Understanding Irrigation Decisions
NUMBER 6 UNDERSTANDING IRRIGATION DECISIONS FROM ENTERPRISE PLANNING TO THE PADDOCK Kelvin Montagu, Ben Thomas, Geoff Thomas, Evan Christen, John Hornbuckle, Craig Baillie, Chris Linehan, Peter Smith, Fabian Gallo, Sam North, Wayne Meyer, Richard Stirzaker, Peter Cornish UNDERSTANDING IRRIGATION DECISIONS FROM ENTERPRISE PLANNING TO THE PADDOCK Kelvin Montagu, CRC Irrigation Futures Ben Thomas, Scholefield Robinson Horticultural Services Pty Ltd Geoff Thomas, Thomas Project Services Evan Christen, CSIRO, CRC for Irrigation Futures John Hornbuckle, CSIRO, CRC for Irrigation Futures Craig Baillie, CRC for Irrigation Futures Chris Linehan, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria Peter Smith, NSW Department of Primary Industries, CRC for Irrigation Futures Fabian Gallo, HydroTech Monitoring Pty Ltd Sam North, NSW Department of Primary Industries, CRC for Irrigation Futures Wayne Meyer, CSIRO, CRC for Irrigation Futures Richard Stirzaker, CSIRO, CRC for Irrigation Futures Peter Cornish, University of Western Sydney, CRC for Irrigation Futures i Published by: Land & Water Australia on behalf of the National Program for Sustainable Irrigation Postal address: GPO Box 2182 Canberra ACT 2601 Office Location: L1, The Phoenix Building 86 Northbourne Ave Braddon ACT Telephone: 02 6263 6000 Facsimile: 02 6263 6099 Email: Land&[email protected] Internet: www.lwa.gov.au © Land & Water Australia and IF Technologies Pty Ltd 2006. Acknowledgment The National Program for Sustainable Irrigation focuses research on the development and adoption of -
Prototype Water Conservation Plan for the Department of Land and Natural Resources (Dlnr)
PROTOTYPE WATER CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DLNR) Prepared for: Commission on Water Resource Management Department of Land and Natural Resources State of Hawaii February 2005 FUKUNAGA AND ASSOCIATES, INC. Consulting Engineers 1388 Kapiolani Boulevard, Second Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 (808) 944-1821 PROTOTYPE WATER CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DLNR) Prepared for: Commission on Water Resource Management Department of Land and Natural Resources State of Hawaii February 2005 FUKUNAGA AND ASSOCIATES, INC. Consulting Engineers 1388 Kapiolani Boulevard, Second Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 (808) 944-1821 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. OVERVIEW 1-1 1.1. Hawaii’s Physical Environment 1-1 1.2. Hawaii’s Water Resource Challenges 1-2 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND 2-1 2.1. Bureau of Reclamation 2-1 2.2. BOR Water Conservation Field Services Program 2-1 2.3. Scoping of the DLNR Water Conservation Plan 2-2 2.3.1. BOR 9-Step Management Plan Format 2-2 2.3.2. Proposed Modifications to the BOR 9-Step Management Plan Format 2-4 3. PLAN APPROACH 3-1 3.1. Phase 1 – Description of Agency (DLNR) 3-1 3.2. Phase 2 – Inventory of Water Use Characteristics (Survey) 3-1 3.3. Phase 3 – Selected DLNR Facilities for Pilot Water Conservation Plan 3-1 3.4. Phase 4 – Development of Prototype Water Conservation Programs 3-3 3.5. Phase 5 – Summary and Recommendations 3-3 4. PHASE 1 – BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES 4-1 4.1. Background 4-1 4.2. -
Advanced Nutrients Iguana Juice Bloom 1 Liter 5200-14
Directions: Use 4 mL per Liter of water. Shake well to take full advantage of this product Organic Iguana Juice Bloom 4-3-6 and put it to work for you. Technical Support: 1-800-640-9605 Now Get Organic Flowers and One-Part Convenience www.advancednutrients.com/tech Iguana Juice Bloom is a one-part, all-organic bloom base that works in all WARNING: DO NOT SWALLOW types of hydroponics systems to provide your plants what they need for bloom KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN phase energy production, flower development, and strong metabolism. Use Information regarding the contents and levels of metals in this product is available on the internet at Iguana Juice Bloom when you want the value-enhancing benefits of organic http://www.aapfco.org/metals.htm crops. Company Founders’ NO-RISK, 100% Money Back Iguana Juice Bloom has been specially designed for use with all hydroponics, GUARANTEE sphagnum and soil growing mediums. Iguana Juice Bloom was specifically built for growers just like you, who have very specific Iguana Juice Bloom has been developed for use with any and all hydroponic, demands and expectations from your hydroponics needs. When you use Iguana aeroponic, drip irrigation, NFT, flood & drain, drip emitters and continuous Juice Bloom it must perform flawlessly for liquid feed growing systems. you. You’ll find it will mix easily and quickly 4-3-6 into your reservoir and deliver the goods you’re looking for. GUARANTEED ANALYSIS: What’s more..., Iguana Juice Bloom will work Total Nitrogen (N)............................................................... 4% every time for you using any and all hydroponics, sphagnum and soil growing 4%................................. -
Integrated Irrigation and Aquaculture in West Africa: Concepts, Practices and Potential
CCOVEROVER [[Converted].aiConverted].ai 33-03-2006-03-2006 12:21:2012:21:20 INTEGRATED IRRIGATION AND AQUACULTURE INWESTAFRICA—Concepts,practicesandpotential ANDAQUACULTURE IRRIGATION INTEGRATED FAO This volume contains background documents and papers presented at the FAO-WARDA Workshop on Integrated Irrigation Aquaculture (IIA) held in Bamako, Mali, from 4 to 7 November 2003, as well as the findings of FAO expert missions on IIA in the West Africa region. The rationale for IIA development lies in its potential to increase productivity of scarce freshwater resources for improved livelihoods and to reduce pressure on natural resources, which is particularly important in the drought-prone countries of West Africa where water scarcity, food security and environmental degradation are priority issues for policy-makers. Irrigated systems, floodplains and inland valley bottoms are identified as C the three main target environments for IIA in West Africa. Many examples M of current practices, constraints and potential for development of IIA are Y provided. The concepts of economic analyses of IIA are reviewed, and an CM overview of regional and international research institutions and networks MY CY and their mandates as they relate to IIA is given. Key factors for successful CMY adoption of IIA – participation of stakeholders and support for local K development, an integrated, multisectoral approach to IIA and improved knowledge management and networking – indicate the way forward and are reflected in a proposal for IIA development in West Africa. INTEGRATED IRRIGATION AND AQUACULTURE IN WEST AFRICA Concepts, practices and potential ISBN 92-5-105491-6 9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 5 4 9 1 8 TC/M/A0444E/1/3.06/2500 CCover-IIover-II [[Converted].aiConverted].ai 33-03-2006-03-2006 112:22:302:22:30 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Cover page: FAO photos by A. -
Subsurface Drip Irrigation Why Choose a Netafim Drip Irrigation System?
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION WHY CHOOSE A NETAFIM DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM? Pioneered by Netafim in 1965, drip irrigation is an established irrigation technology that delivers water and nutrients directly to the plant root zone, minimizing waste and improving crop performance. For decades, drip irrigation has been used as a proven method for watering high-value vegetable crops, but it wasn’t until the 1990s that drip irrigation expanded to larger scale use in row crops. Since 1995 over 30 billion feet of dripline has been installed into row crop fields in the United States. The success of drip irrigation has been attributed to many factors. The primary reason has been the evolution of equipment developed during the past 20 years - advanced equipment that allows a grower with little or no experience to succeed. WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION? Drip irrigation is more than an irrigation method, it is a management tool that allows producers to apply the precise amount of water directly to the root zone, to improve control of fertilizer application, eliminate run-off and evaporation and drive consistently higher yields through improved plant health. With a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system, driplines are buried below the soil surface enabling water and nutrients to easily reach each plant’s root zone. WHAT CAN DRIP IRRIGATION DO FOR MY FARM? As a field management tool, drip irrigation gives the grower control over the root zone environment of crops. Growers worldwide are experiencing the numerous benefits of drip irrigation both in the field and -
INFLUENCE of SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES and IRRIGATION SYSTEMS on GROWTH, WATER USE EFFICIENCY and NUTRIENT CONTENT of RUBBER (Hevea Brasiliensis MUELL.ARG)
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH, WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis MUELL.ARG) ABBA NABAYI FP 2016 14 INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH, WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis MUELL.ARG) UPM By ABBA NABAYI COPYRIGHT Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science © April 2016 COPYRIGHT All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of University Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of University Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM COPYRIGHT © DEDICATION TO MY BELOVED PARENTS, FRIENDS AND FAMILY UPM COPYRIGHT © Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH, WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis MUELL.ARG) By ABBA NABAYI April 2016 Chairman : Christopher Teh Boon Sung, PhD Faculty : Agriculture UPM Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important crop in tropical Asian countries. In Malaysia, rubber contributes much to the economy of the country through latex production. Latex production requires seedlings that are disease-free, mature quickly and have high field survival rates. -
Creating an Inventory for Vertical Farming Cultivation Techniques Coupled to the Concept of People, Planet and Profit
Creating an inventory for vertical farming cultivation techniques coupled to the concept of people, planet and profit. Bachelor Thesis Business and Consumer Studies Student: Willem van Spanje Registration number: 940321788120 BSc program: BSC Bedrijfs- en Consumentenwetenschappen Supervisor: Emiel Wubben 2nd Supervisor: Verena Otter Course code: YSS-81812 Period: 3,4,5,6,1 Study load: 12 credits Date: 19-10-2020 1 Abstract This thesis aims to create insight for researchers, investors, and other stakeholders in the vertical farming business. Although a lot of research has been done regarding vertical farms and the cultivation techniques that can be used, a recent comprehensive literature review is missing. The aforementioned insight is created by analyzing the benefits and challenges of three different vertical farm cultivation techniques. These benefits and challenges are analyzed on a checklist with elements of the Triple-Layered Business Model Canvas. This way insight is created in how each vertical farming cultivation technique performs on multiple elements within the economic and environmental dimension of the checklist with elements of the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas. The methodology used in this thesis is a literature review. Papers from peer-reviewed journals are analyzed, used, and put into context. It was found that as of now there is one cultivation technique that performs better than other techniques concerning vertical farming, namely, aeroponics. This thesis also shows that aeroponics is the most promising cultivation technique. Furthermore, this thesis discusses that depending on a stakeholders priorities, their view of what is the optimal cultivation technique can differ from what other stakeholders might consider the optimal cultivation technique. -
Effects of Sprinkler Irrigation System and Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
International Journal of Modern Agriculture, Volume 10, No.1, 2021 ISSN: 2305-7246 Effects of Sprinkler Irrigation System and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) Gaurav Kumar1 1 Department of Agriculture, Sanskriti University, Mathura Uttar Pradesh-281401, India. Corresponding author: N. N. Saxena Department of Agriculture, Sanskriti University, Mathura Uttar Pradesh-281401, India. Abstract Although the population of Egypt is over ninety million, It is unable to fulfill the food requirements as enough amount of water is not available for sufficient production of crops. In order for recognizing and implementing the steps to minimize water usage and improving the crop production techniques, this research is carried out into the farm fields of farmers in 2009 and 2010, 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the effectiveness and economy feasibility of the sprinkler irrigation system for the growth of the wheat crops. In the National Researches Centers and Development Station in Nubaria, two field studies were performed. Under sprinkler irrigation method the water related characteristics of the crops like wheat have been readied in the region. Treatments composed of two irrigation sprinklers, set sprinklers (S1) and the lateral hand motions (S2), and 3 levels of irrigation (IF1: only once in a whole week; IF2: only twice in the whole week, IF3: three times in a whole week). Also, the highest amount of net profit occurred under strong defined sprinkler irrigation scheme and irrigation size. The suggested sprinkler method and irrigation schedule for each case for winter wheat in the Nubaria is solid set sprinkler (S1) and three-fold irrigations per week (IF3). The method of sprinkler irrigation is most general method of adaptation of irrigation water that normally falls as rainfall. -
Wastewater Reuse in Food Production Systems for New Sustainable Urban Developments
Wastewater Reuse in Food Production Systems for New Sustainable Urban Developments Bohdan Jess Dakota Daw Davies ENG470 - Engineering Thesis Unit Coordinator – Dr. Gareth Lee Academic Supervisor – Dr. Ralf Cord-Ruwisch School of Engineering and Information and Technology Murdoch University January 2016 This paper is submitted to the school of Engineering and Technology and IT as the final report,to fulfil the requirements of the ENG470 Engineering Thesis. I, Bohdan Jess Dakota Daw Davies, formally declare that the work in this paper is that solely of my own, except where the work of others is noted by reference. No part of this work has been submitted elsewhere, or completed for other course work at Murdoch University or any other institution. Signed Bohdan Jess Dakota Daw Davies Submission Date: 29/01/16 ii | P a g e Acknowledgements I would like to thank my mentor throughout this project, Dr. Ralf Cord-Ruwisch, for his guidance and support. Giving motivation to push on, even when motivation was fleeting, and helping to shed new light on avenues of research previously unexplored, for this project. I would also like to thank all my close friends and family for their constant support throughout this project and my University career. Your support has been influential in getting me to pursue a career as a student, I thank you for this amazing experience. iii | P a g e Executive Summary Urban housing developments face growing pressure from the public and regulatory bodies to be more sustainable in their built form, energy and water consumption. This is currently achieved through application of better building design and implementation of various technologies to reduce environmental impacts. -
Drip Irrigation: an Introduction
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TECHNIQUES Drip irrigation provides slow, even application of low-pressure water to soil and plants using EM 8782 • Revised March 2013 plastic tubing placed in or near the plants’ root zone. It is an alternative to sprinkler or furrow methods of irrigating crops. Drip irrigation can Drip Irrigation: be used for crops with high or low water demands. An Introduction Why consider drip irrigation? C.C. Shock Drip irrigation can help you use water efficiently. A well-designed drip irrigation system loses practically no water to runoff, evaporation, or deep percolation in silty soils. Drip irrigation reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruit. Thus, conditions may be less favorable for disease development. Irrigation scheduling can be managed precisely to meet crop demands, holding the promise of increased yield and quality. Growers and irrigation professionals often refer to “subsurface drip irrigation,” or SDI. When a drip tape or tube is buried below the soil surface, it is less vulnerable to damage due to UV radiation, cultivation, or weeding. With SDI, water use efficiency is maximized because there is even less evaporation or runoff. Agricultural chemicals can be applied more efficiently through drip irrigation. Since only the Drip irrigation tubing used to irrigate wine crop root zone is irrigated, nitrogen already in the grapes. soil is less subject to leaching losses, and applied fertilizer can be used more efficiently. In the case of insecticides, less product might be needed. Make sure the insecticide is labeled for application through drip irrigation, and follow the label instructions. Additional advantages of drip irrigation include the following. -
Triggering Drip Irrigation Onset by Soil Water Tension Clinton C. Shock
Triggering drip irrigation onset by soil water tension Clinton C. Shock, Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, Oregon [email protected] Feng-Xin Wang, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, [email protected] Alan D. Campbell, SmartVineyards LLC, Portland, Oregon, [email protected] Hector Dominguez-Aguirre, SmartVineyards LLC, Portland, Oregon, [email protected] Sustainable irrigated agricultural production depends on high and stable productivity using limited inputs of water and nutrients. When irrigation events are triggered by soil water tension (SWT) criteria, the criteria should be adjusted to precisely meet plant needs and provide increments of applied water consistent with soil properties. Drip irrigation systems are often used for triggered irrigation due to the potential to precisely control the irrigation system. Here we review the processes of collecting, filtering, and using SWT data for irrigation onset. A compilation of the successful triggering of irrigation onset using SWT criteria for many crops is discussed. Introduction Precise irrigation is becoming extremely important due to the shortages of water, competition for water, increase in population, consumer preferences for consumption of meat in the developing countries, and environmental pollution resulting from the excessive application of irrigation water. There are several irrigation scheduling techniques that can be used to obtain excellent irrigation scheduling. These include the use of estimates of crop evapotranspiration, SWT, soil water content, or plant stress. In the following paragraphs we will discuss applications of the use of SWT for precise irrigation scheduling. Six years ago two of us (Shock and Wang, 2011) summarized the literature on the use of SWT as an irrigation onset criteria. -
Hydroponicsанаlist of Open Educational Resources
4/25/13 H2O Playlist: Playlist PLAYLIST Hydroponics List of Open Educational Resources Creator: Open.Michigan, University of Michigan (Updated 29 Mar 2013) Description: Open Educational Resources are learning materials that are free, public, and shared under licenses that allow people to copy, translate, adapt, and share with others. Tags: 1. Institution: University of Missouri St Louis, Activity/Lab: Microbes in Action [http://www.oercommons.org/courses/microbesinaction ] Description: Root Nodulation: A Partnership in the Web of Life: In this experiment, we will examine what it takes for root nodules to form on legume plants. We will consider the symbiotic relationship resulting from root nodules by observing the growth and appearance of the plants when exposed to Rhizobium as compared to the plants, which were not exposed to the Rhizobium bacteria. License: Custom Permissions: Teachers may copy individual pages for students for educational use. 2. Activity/Lab: Hydroponic Systems [http://quest.nasa.gov/smore/teachers/act3.html ] Notes: Source: http://www.google.com/advanced_search Description: In this activity, students work with different hydroponic systems. Students set up one or more hydroponic systems and collect data for a four week period to determine which system resulted in the best plant growth. Students learn about the role of different environmental factors on plants grown in the absence of soil. Such factors include pH, light, and aeration. License: Public Domain (no rights reserved); by U.S. Federal Government 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Course: Groundwater Hydrology [http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civiland environmentalengineering/172groundwaterhydrologyfall2005/ ] Notes: Source: http://ocwconsortium.org/en/courses Description: This course covers fundamentals of subsurface flow and transport, emphasizing the role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle, the relation of groundwater flow to geologic structure, and the management of contaminated groundwater.