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Intensive Management of Red Pumpkin Beetle (Aulacophora Foveicollis Lucas) in Different Ecological Regions

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Intensive Management of Red Pumpkin Beetle (Aulacophora Foveicollis Lucas) in Different Ecological Regions Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 47(6), pp. 1611-1616, 2015. Intensive Management of Red Pumpkin Beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas) in Different Ecological Regions Muhammad Aamir Rashid,1,* Muhammad Ahsan Khan,1 Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Nazir Javed2 1Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 2Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Abstract.- Heavy infestation caused by red pumpkin beetle starting from the emergence of cucurbit crops to harvesting mainly cause yield reduction. Sever infestation may cause failure of crop emergence. Experiment was designed to have an appropriate control strategy by the integration of different control measures. Treatment included Carbaryl as dust application, Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) as botanical, Yellow Sticky Traps (YST) as mechanical control. Sheikhupura (SHK) landrace of Indian snap melon was used as host. Experiment was laid out according to RCBD. This landraces was grown in Faisalabad, Sargodha and Multan districts and similar control techniques were applied in each district. Application Carbaryl + NSKE + YST in single plot was most acceptable control module which show minimum population in Faisalabad (2.46), Sargodha (2.49) and Multan (2.49) district and also minimum infestation was recorded in the same treatment in Faisalabad (8.57), Sargodha (8.57) and Multan (8.36) district. Temperature variations were non-significant among three districts, so the population was not affected by the temperature across the different ecological regions. Keywords: Neem as spray, Mechanical control of red pumpkin beetle, chemical control of red pumpkin beetle., IPM of red pumpkin beetle. INTRODUCTION Red pumpkin beetle attack almost on every stage of the plants. If beetle attacks at seedling stage then crop needs to be recultivate. It feeds underside Pumpkin beetle can be said as one of the the cotyledonous leaves by biting holes into them serious pests of Cucurbitaceae family because it (Chandravadana and Pal, 1983). Percent damage attacks at every stage of the cucurbits and heavy ranges from 70-15%, which gradually decreases to losses can be done by it to all cucurbits except bitter lower value as leaf canopy increases (Saljoqi and gourd (Saleem and Shah, 2010) damage to fruits Khan, 2007; Yamaguchi, 1983). Management of also reported in many crop species (Melamed- this pest can be done using different chemical, Madjae, 1960). There are many factors like, botanical, mechanical control measure or the physical and chemical factors of plant resistance integration of these control measures (Mehta and (Raman and Annadurai, 1985) which effects its Sandhu, 1990; Xue et al., 2006; Sami and Shakoori, population. Increase in the concentration of these 2008). Present experiment was designed to control plant factors affect directly or indirectly to the red menace of cucurbits in an integrated way that is pumpkin beetle population and infestation economical and health friendly by the involvement (Annadurai, 1987; Mehta and Sandhu, 1992). of botanical spray and mechanical traps. Beside humidity effects to its growth (Rajak, 2000), the survival at low temperature (Alikhan and MATERIALS AND METHODS Yousuf, 1985) and endemic host range make it calamity for cucurbit crops (Al-ali et al., 1982; Pal Chemical control (carbaryl), botanical control et al., 1978). Red pumpkin beetle is also resistant (Neem [neem seed kernels extract]) and mechanical some of the plant extracts which are used for its control (yellow sticky traps) with all possible management (Pande et al., 1987). combination were used for the management of red pumpkin beetle. Sowing of susceptible landrace of __________________________________ Sheikhupura (SHK) of Indian snap melon was done * Corresponding author: [email protected] on March 9, 2012 in three ecological regions. Size 0030-9923/2015/0006-1611 $ 8.00/0 of each plot was 6m X 3m and sown using RCBD. Copyright 2015 Zoological Society of Pakistan Data regarding population per plant and % leaf 1612 M.A. RASHID ET AL. infestation per plant was recorded on every 5th days was sprayed on the crop (Omotoso and Oso, 2005; beginning 15 days after sowing. Population of red Prabhu et al., 2011). Carbaryl (30%) was available pumpkin beetle was counted on each plant and in the market and applied as dust @ 3% of active similarly % leaf infestation was calculated on each material. Then applied by broadcast method on the plant. Then mean was calculated. Application of crop. these treatments were done on every 15th day beginning 15 days after sowing and continued till Cost benefit ratio the harvesting of the crop. Data were collected after Cost benefit ratio (CBR) was calculated for every 5th day beginning 15 days after sowing. each treatment/plot basis in order to determine the Multiple applications and multiple sampling events most economical and effective control methods for were done. Data was analyzed using Statistica 8.0. recommendation to the growers. Cost and benefit Means were compared using DMR at P≤0.05. both were calculated in rupees (PKR) on per plot Treatment combinations and applications are shown basis (6m X 3m). Fruit produced from each plot in Table I. calculated in kilograms then multiplied with the price of sold fruit/kg. Return per area and % return Table I.- Treatments and their possible combinations. per treatment was calculated for each treatment. Cost benefit ratio was calculated as; Combinations detail Treatment Treatments application combination interval Net income CBR = T1 Carbaryl as dust application After 5 days Total expenditures of the treatment interval T2 Neem Seed Kernel Extract Do (NSKE) as spray RESULTS T3 Yellow Sticky Traps (YST) Renewed as mechanical control after 15 days Variation in ecological regions was T4 Carbaryl as dust + NSKE As present for each treatment both for % leaf as spray mentioned above infestation per plant and population of the beetle per T5 Carbaryl as dust + YST as Do plant. Axiomatically, treatment 7 was the most mechanical control appropriate for red pumpkin beetle management. T6 NSKE spray+ YST as Do Effect of each treatment in each district was mechanical control T7 Carbaryl as dust + NSKE Do measured in percentage reduction of population and as spray + YST as infestation due to that specific control measure. mechanical control Each control measure for the control of red Check pumpkin beetle was applied separately and in combination with other to estimate the effect of Treatments preparation treatments on population and infestation of the Seed kernels of neem were used. These plant beetle. Similarly the effect these treatments was material were air dried, grounded into power form calculated in term of population and infestation using an electric grinder (Westpoint blender, model reduction percentage by these control measures. WF-7381). Then the powder (100g) of these plant Although significant differences were recorded materials were taken in conical flask, Acetone was between the treatments and treatment combinations used as solvent into the flask. These flask were when compared to population and infestation placed on rotary shaker and were shacked recorded in each zone. Axiomatically, treatment 7 continuously for 48 hrs at 1200 rpm. After that (Carbaryl + NSKE + YST) was the most appropriate filtration was carried out, the filtrate was further for red pumpkin beetle management. Population and placed on rotary shaker to evaporate the solvent. infestation trend of the beetle in different districts The final obtained extract of the plant material was can be collectively explained as control > yellow mixed up with water to prepare 5% solution, that stick traps > neem seed kernel extract > neem seed INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF RED PUMPKIN BEETLE 1613 kernel extract + yellow sticky traps > carbaryl > mean basis. In Sargodha district, maximum % leaf carbaryl + yellow sticky traps > carbaryl + neem infestation/plant was 16.64 recorded in control plots seed kernel extract > carbaryl + neem seed kernel and minimum % leaf infestation/plant of red extract + yellow sticky traps. pumpkin beetle was recorded 8.57 in T7 treated plots. Minimum % leaf infestation in Faisalabad Population reduction after different treatments district was 8.57 in T7 treated plots and maximum Different treatments used for control of red % leaf infestation/ plant was 16.61 in control plots. pumpkin beetle responded varyingly in population Percent leaf infestation reduction (%) of red and infestation reduction comparison. Maximum pumpkin beetle over control treatment due to the population (6.29) per plant was recorded in Multan application of different treatments was calculated district in control plot and minimum population and shown in Table III. % leaf infestation reduction (2.46) per plant was recorded in the same district in percentage was maximum in T7 (48.57) of the T7 treated plots on mean basis. In Sargodha district, beetle in Multan. Minimum % leaf infestation maximum population per plant was 6.50 recorded in reduction percentage (15.56) was calculated in plot control plot and minimum population per plant of treated with T3 in Multan district. Maximum % leaf red pumpkin beetle was recorded 2.46/ plant in T7 infestation reduction percentage in Sargodha district treated plots. Minimum population per plant in was recorded in T7 (48.45) and minimum % leaf Faisalabad district was 2.49 in T7 treated plots and infestation reduction percentage (15.49) was maximum population per plant was 6.63 in control calculated in plots treated
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