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Factor Influencing Disaster Preparedness Level of Local Community Leaders in Managing Evacuation Centres At FACTOR INFLUENCING DISASTER PREPAREDNESS LEVEL OF LOCAL COMMUNITY LEADERS IN MANAGING EVACUATION CENTRES AT SEGAMAT DISTRICT ROHAIZAT BIN HADLI (MMJ191004) Formatted: Font: Not Bold Formatted: Line spacing: 1.5 lines MALAYSIA-JAPAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA 1 ABSTRACT Flood is a major natural hazard in Malaysia contributing to the most significant impact on the economy, environment and the lifestyle of the community including the displacement of the population. Based on the study, the Muar and Batu Pahat rivers located in Segamat district are among the 85 listed river basins that are often exposed to repeated flooding resulting in thousands of communities being ordered to evacuate from flooded areas and will then be placed in safe evacuation centers. Due to the importance of this support system during and after the disaster, an effective evacuation centres management is indeed vital, so that all services could be accessed and used by disaster victims conveniently. It is also important for local community leaders that responsible for the evacuation centres to carefully monitor the services and facilities provided based on the victim's expectations. This study is determining to assess the factors influencing disaster preparedness of local community leaders which are beneficial to use in managing evacuation centres as well as adopting priorities for actions listed under Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Questionnaires validated by experts in their respective fields of work are distributed to local community leaders i.e. village heads as respondents that involved in the management of evacuation centres especially in Segamat district. A descriptive analysis is used by analyzing the Relative Importance Index (RII) and Multi Regression using SPSS Version 25 to determining the disaster preparedness level and find a correlation between the demographics of the respondents and RII. In conclusion, there are 17 key factors that needed to improve the disaster preparedness capabilities of village heads in managing evacuation centres. This includes improving the investment on disaster risk reduction, improving preparedness for effective response and recovery, strengthening of governance to manage disaster risk and increasing the understanding of disaster risk related to evacuation centres. Keywords: disaster preparedness, evacuation centres, segamat district 2 ABSTRAK Banjir merupakan bencana alam semulajadi yang utama di Malaysia, menyumbang kepada kesan paling signifikan terhadap ekonomi, alam sekitar dan gaya hidup masyarakat termasuklah perpindahan masyarakat. Berdasarkan kajian, sungai Muar dan Batu Pahat yang terletak di daerah Segamat adalah antara 85 lembangan sungai yang disenaraikan yang sering terdedah kepada banjir berulang menyebabkan ribuan komuniti diarahkan berpindah dari kawasan banjir dan seterusnya akan ditempatkan di pusat pemindahan yang selamat. Oleh kerana kepentingan sistem sokongan ini semasa dan selepas bencana, pengurusan pusat pemindahan yang berkesan sememangnya penting, supaya semua perkhidmatan dapat diakses dan digunakan oleh mangsa bencana dengan mudah. Adalah penting bagi pemimpin masyarakat setempat yang juga bertanggungjawab ke atas pusat-pusat pemindahan ini untuk memantau dengan teliti perkhidmatan dan kemudahan yang disediakan berdasarkan keperluan mangsa bencana banjir. Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tahap kesiapsiagaan bencana pemimpin masyarakat setempat yang bermanfaat untuk digunakan dalam menguruskan pusat pemindahan serta menggunapakai keutamaan bagi tindakan yang disenaraikan di bawah Rangka kerja Sendai untuk pengurangan risiko bencana khususnya di daerah Segamat. Soal selidik yang telah disahkan oleh pakar dalam bidang kerja masing-masing diedarkan kepada pemimpin masyarakat setempat iaitu ketua kampung sebagai responden yang terlibat dalam pengurusan pusat pemindahan. Analisis deskriptif digunakan dengan menganalisis Indeks Kepentingan Relatif (RII) dan Regresi berganda menggunakan SPSS Versi 25 untuk menentukan tahap kesiapsiagaan bencana dan mencari korelasi antara demografi responden dan RII. Kesimpulannya, terdapat 17 faktor utama yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keupayaan kesiapsiagaan bencana ketua kampung dalam menguruskan pusat pemindahan. Ini termasuklah meningkatkan pelaburan keatas pengurangan risiko bencana, meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan untuk tindak balas dan pemulihan yang berkesan, pengukuhan tadbir urus untuk menguruskan risiko 3 bencana dan meningkatkan pemahaman risiko bencana yang berkaitan dengan pusat pemindahan. TABLE OF CONTENTS Formatted Table TITLE PAGE DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT v ABSTRAK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv LIST OF APPENDIXES xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Overview of Segamat district 3 1.2 Problem background 6 1.2.1 Problem statement 8 1.3 Research goal 9 1.3.1 Research objectives 10 1.4 Research questions 10 1.5 Research scope & limitation 11 1.6 Significant of study 12 4 1.7 Conceptual framework 14 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Sendai Framework for Disaster Management 18 2.3 Disaster management in Malaysia 20 2.4 Factors influencing Disaster Preparedness 25 Significance of evacuation centres for disaster 2.5 28 preparedness Influence of emergency plan centres for disaster 2.6 31 preparedness Influence of risk communication centres for disaster 2.7 34 preparedness Influence of community-based organizations for 2.8 39 disaster preparedness 2.9 Influence of investment for disaster preparedness 43 2.10 Summary of the literature 44 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Literature review 46 3.3 Questionnaires development 47 3.4 Questionnaires dissemination and Sampling size 50 3.5 Data analysis 51 3.6 Study area 54 3.7 Summary of the methodology 56 CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 57 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Demographic of respondents 58 5 4.3 Overall Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis 60 4.3.1 Analysis of RII in Section B 61 4.3.2 Analysis of RII in Section C 62 4.3.3 Analysis of RII in Section D 63 4.3.4 Analysis of RII in Section E 64 4.3.5 Analysis of RII in Section F 65 4.4 Analysis of Relative Importance Index (RII) based on 66 Demographics 4.4.1 Analysis of RII based on education level 66 4.4.2 Analysis of RII based on age 67 4.4.3 Analysis of RII based on work experience 67 4.4.4 Analysis of RII based on sub-district 68 4.5 Multiple regression analysis 69 4.5.1 Multiple regression analysis on the RII based on 69 education level 4.5.2 Multiple regression analysis on the RII based on 72 Age 4.5.3 Multiple regression analysis on the RII based on 74 work experience 4.6 Summary of the analysis 76 4.7 List of improvement factors to enhance preparedness 78 4.8 Improving investment on disaster risk reduction of 80 evacuation centres 4.9 Improving preparedness for effective response and 81 recovery 4.10 Strengthening of governance to manage disaster risk 83 4.11 Increasing the understanding of disaster risk related to 84 evacuation centres CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 86 5.1 Introduction 86 5.2 Conclusion 86 5.3 Recommendation 88 REFERENCES 90 6 LIST OF TABLES Formatted Table TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE Table 1.1 Number of evacuation centres in Segamat 5 Table 1.2 Number of village heads in Segamat 11 The organizational structure of the evacuation centres in Table 2.1 23 Malaysia Table 2.2 Element of preparedness 26 Table 2.3 Factors of influence the disaster preparedness 27 Table 2.4 Factors in selecting evacuation centres 29 Table 2.5 Factors of influence the emergency plans 32 Table 2.6 Lists of factors impacting evacuation decision 34 Table 2.7 The early warning system components 36 Table 2.8 List of community-based organization in Japan 41 Table 3.1 Sections of topic questions 49 Table 3.2 5-point Likert scale for questionnaire 49 Table 3.3 The classification of relative importance index 52 Table 3.4 The correlation between variables 53 Table 4.1 Distributions of respondents based on sub-district 59 Table 4.2 Overall Relative Importance Index 60 Table 4.3 Relative Importance Index for Section B 61 Table 4.4 Relative Importance Index for Section C 62 Table 4.5 Relative Importance Index for Section D 63 Table 4.6 Relative Importance Index for Section E 64 Table 4.7 Relative Importance Index for Section F 65 Table 4.8 Relative Importance Index based on education level 66 7 LIST OF TABLES Formatted Table TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE Table 4.9 Relative Importance Index based on age 67 Table 4.10 Relative Importance Index based on work experience 68 Table 4.11 Relative Importance Index based on sub-district 68 Table 4.12 Regression analysis based on the education level 70 Table 4.13 ANOVA analysis based on the education level 70 Table 4.14 Coefficients analysis based on the education level 71 Table 4.15 Regression analysis based on the age 72 Table 4.16 ANOVA analysis based on the age 72 Table 4.17 Coefficients analysis based on the age 73 Table 4.18 Regression analysis based on the work experience 74 Table 4.19 ANOVA analysis based on the work experience 74 Table 4.20 Coefficients analysis based on the work experience 75 Table 4.21 Key factor for improvement 79 8 LIST OF FIGURES Formatted Table FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE People displaced due to weather-related and geophysical Figure 1.1 2 hazard events in 2019 Figure 1.2 Maps location of Segamat district 4 Key areas in pursuing strengthening resilient and Figure
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