PROSECUTION WITNESSES – PROSECUTOR VS. RATKO MLADIC PROSECUTION (Exclusively for the Use of the Media
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Siege of Sarajevo Endangered Civilians
BALKAN January 8, 2004 Page 6 VIEW FROM THE HAGUE SIEGE OF SARAJEVO ENDANGERED CIVILIANS On 5 December this year, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia sentenced General Stanislav Gali ć to 20 years in prison for spreading terror among the civilian population during the siege of Sarajevo. The city of Sarajevo was under siege for about three and a half years. For almost two years of that time, from September 1992 to August 1994, General Gali ć was the commander of a branch of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS), called the Sarajevo Romanija Corps, or SRK, which had virtually encircled Sarajevo. Parts of the city were controlled by the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Prosecution alleged that the SRK under General Gali ć's command conducted a campaign of sniping and shelling attacks on civilians in Sarajevo. Under international humanitarian law war as such is not considered unlawful. However, certain principles of warfare apply that military commanders must respect. One such principle obliges military commanders to distinguish between military objectives, on the one hand, and civilians, on the other, and not to attack civilians under any circumstances. And yet, the SRK's campaign resulted in a large number of deaths and injuries to civilians. The Tribunal Prosecution alleged that the SRK, under General Gali ć's command deliberately killed and injured civilians in order to terrorize them. Terrorising civilians Terrorising civilians during armed conflict is specifically prohibited by Article 51 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. The former Yugoslavia ratified this protocol in 1978. -
Prosecution's Submission Pursuant to Rule 65
IT-95-5/18-PT 18182 D 18182 - D 15860 18 May 2009 PvK UNITED NATIONS International Tribunal for the Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of Date: 18 May 2009 International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia since 1991 IN TRIAL CHAMBER III Before: Judge Iain Bonomy, Presiding Judge Christoph Flügge Judge Michèle Picard Registrar: Mr. John Hocking THE PROSECUTOR v. RADOVAN KARAD@I] PUBLIC WITH PARTLY CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES PROSECUTION’S SUBMISSION PURSUANT TO RULE 65 TER (E)(i)-(iii) The Office of the Prosecutor: Mr. Alan Tieger Ms. Hildegard Uertz-Retzlaff The Accused: Radovan Karad`i} 18181 THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT THE PROSECUTOR v. RADOVAN KARAD@I] PUBLIC WITH PARTLY CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES PROSECUTION’S SUBMISSION PURSUANT TO RULE 65 TER (E)(i)-(iii) 1. Pursuant to the Trial Chamber’s order of 6 April 20091 and Rule 65 ter (E)(i)- (iii) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (“Rules), the Prosecution hereby files: (i) the final version of the Prosecutor's pre-trial brief (Appendix I); (ii) the confidential list of witnesses the Prosecutor intends to call (Appendix II); and (iii) the confidential list of exhibits the Prosecutor intends to offer into evidence (Appendix III). 2. Attached to Appendix I, the final pre-trial brief, are the following: - Confidential Attachment Detailing Events in the Municipalities: these set out the political background and events in the 27 municipalities;2 - Confidential Appendix A: Schedules A-G setting out additional particulars and the supporting evidence for the scheduled incidents; 1 Order Following on Status Conference and Appended Work Plan, 6 April 2009. -
The-Prijedor-Genocide 1
PART 1. THE PRIJEDOR GENOCIDE The Prijedor genocide [1][2][3] , refers to numerous war crimes committed during the Bosnian war by the Serb political and military leadership mostly on Bosniak civilians in the Prijedor region of Bosnia-Herzegovina. After the Srebrenica genocide, it is the second largest massacre committed during the Bosnian war in 1992. Around 5,200 Bosniaks and Croats from Prijedor are missing or were killed during the massacre period, and around 14,000 people in the wider region of Prijedor (Pounje). [4] Contents • 1 Background • 2 Political developments before the takeover • 3 Takeover • 4 Armed attacks against the civilians o 4.1 Propaganda o 4.2 Strengthening of Serb forces o 4.3 Marking of non-Serb houses o 4.4 Attack on Hambarine o 4.5 Attack on Kozarac • 5 Camps o 5.1 Keraterm camp o 5.2 Omarska camp o 5.3 Trnopolje camp o 5.4 Other detention facilities • 6 Killings in the camps • 7 References • 8 See also • 9 External links Background Following Slovenia’s and Croatia’s declarations of independence in June 1991, the situation in the Prijedor municipality rapidly deteriorated. During the war in Croatia, the tension increased between the Serbs and the communities of Bosniaks and Croats. Bosniaks and Croats began to leave the municipality because of a growing sense of insecurity and fear amongst the population which was caused by Serb propaganda which became increasingly visible. The municipal newspaper Kozarski Vjesnik started publishing allegations against the non-Serbs. The Serb media propagandised the idea that the Serbs had to arm themselves. -
Embodied Rape: Ethnicity and Gender in the Prosecution of Wartime Rape in the Former
Embodied Rape: Ethnicity and Gender in the Prosecution of Wartime Rape in the Former Yugoslavia Honors Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with Honors Research Distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Edward M. Zitnik, Jr. The Ohio State University May 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Jennifer Suchland, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures Table of Contents Introduction 2 I. The region, the war, and the role of feminism in prosecuting war crimes 5 Former Yugoslavia and its War 5 Feminist Perspectives on Rape 10 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 15 II. Tetralogy of Rape: Three Cases of ICTY-Convicted Rape and the Case which laid the Groundwork 19 Duško Tadić 19 Dragoljub Kunarac 22 Anto Furundžija 24 Hazim Delić 25 Case Analysis 27 III. Ethnicity is Essentialized and Misunderstood 33 IV. Implications of War 39 V. Conclusion 51 Bibliography 53 - 1 - A child can carry both the shame and honor of a parent. They serve as heavy burdens inherited from one generation to the next and can lay the foundation of a child’s identity coming into adulthood. The Bosnian film Grbavica illustrates these burdens carried by Sara, the 12- year-old daughter of single-mother Esma living in post-war Sarajevo. Growing up, Sara was told that her father died as a war hero during the Bosnian war. She took pride in his death, and used his patriotism to hold herself to a high standard of honor. While noble, this was not her father’s true past. -
Bosnia and Herzegovina Prosecutor's Office Of
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SARAJEVO Special Department for War Crimes Regional Team II Number: KT-RZ - 56/09 Sarajevo, 10 July 20098 COURT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SARAJEVO - Preliminary Hearing Judge - Pursuant to Article 35 (2) item h) and Article 226 (1) of the CPC BiH. T hereby file the following: INDICTMENT Against: 1. ZORAN MARIe, aka Dole, son of Branko and mother Stoja, nee Dobretic, born on 15 April 1964 in the place of LjoljiCi, the mlmicipality of Jajce - Jezero, residing in Stara Pazova, Njegoseva no no. Street, Republic of Serbia, Serb by ethnicity, of Orthodox faith, citizen of BiH, Personal ID number: 1504964102084, brick layer by profession, married, father of three, served the military in Novi Sad in 1983, no prior convictions, no other criminal proceedings pending against him, ordered into custody pursuant to the Decision of the Court of BiH, No. X-KRN/05/96 of 08 July 2009. Because: During the state of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the armed conflict in the territory of Jajce municipality between the Army of Republika Srpska, on the one side, and the Army of BiH and HVO (Croat Defense Council) on the other, as a member of the Army of Republika Srpska, he acted in violation of the rules of Article 3, paragraph 1, subparagraphs a) and c) as read with Article 147 of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949, in as much as he, - On 10 September 1992, after the burial of a killed soldier of the Army of Republika Srpska, Rade Savic, as an organized group of armed people, which consisted of Jovo Jandric, Mirko Pekez son of Spiro, Simo Savic, Mirko Pekez son of Mile, Milorad Savic son of Ljupko, Zoran Marie, Slobodan Pekez. -
Never Again: International Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina1
Never again: 1 International intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina July 2017 David Harland2 1 This study is one of a series commissioned as part of an ongoing UK Government Stabilisation Unit project relating to elite bargains and political deals. The project is exploring how national and international interventions have and have not been effective in fostering and sustaining political deals and elite bargains; and whether or not these political deals and elite bargains have helped reduce violence, increased local, regional and national stability and contributed to the strengthening of the relevant political settlement. This is a 'working paper' and the views contained within do not necessarily represent those of HMG. 2 Dr David Harland is Executive Director of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. He served as a witness for the Prosecution at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the cases of The Prosecutor versus Slobodan Milošević, The Prosecutor versus Radovan Karadžić, The Prosecutor versus Ratko Mladić, and others. Executive summary The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the most violent of the conflicts which accompanied the break- up of Yugoslavia, and this paper explores international engagement with that war, including the process that led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement. Sarajevo and Srebrenica remain iconic symbols of international failure to prevent and end violent conflict, even in a small country in Europe. They are seen as monuments to the "humiliation" of Europe and the UN and the -
Teacher Information Sheet Genocide in Bosnia
Teacher information sheet Genocide in Bosnia The population of Bosnia and Herzegovina (referred to as ‘Bosnia’ here) consists of: • Bosniaks – Bosnian Muslims • Bosnian Serbs – Serb Orthodox Christians who have close cultural ties with neighbouring Serbia • Bosnian Croats – Roman Catholics who have close cultural ties with neighbouring Croatia Bosnia’s history Flag of Bosnia, adopted in 1998 Between 1991-1994 Yugoslavia disintegrated into five states – Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (later known as Serbia and Montenegro). Bosnia declared independence in 1992. This was resisted by the Bosnian Serb population who saw their future as part of ‘Greater Serbia’, sparking a civil war over land. The Bosnian War Bosnia became the victim of the Bosnian Serbs’ wish for political domination, which they were prepared to achieve by isolating ethnic groups and, if necessary, exterminating them. A campaign of war crimes, ‘ethnic cleansing’ and genocide was perpetrated by Bosnian Serb troops under the orders of Slobodan Milošević. Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia, was under siege for nearly four years - the longest siege in modern warfare. The Serb-controlled army surrounded the city, bombing it, killing more than 10,000 people and destroying cultural monuments. Persecution From 1991, in Prijedor, north-west Bosnia, non-Serbs were forced to wear white armbands and certain newspapers, radio stations and television stations began to broadcast anti-Croat and anti- Bosniak propaganda. Non-Serbs were sent to concentration camps which had been set up in mid-1992. Women were taken to Trnopolje camp where systematic rape took place on a regular basis. -
173 /20 Sarajevo,12.6.2020.Godine Na Osnovu Člana 56. Zakona O
Bosna i Hercegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina FEDERACIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVO RASELJENIH MINISTRY OF DISPLACED PERSONS AND OSOBA I IZBJEGLICA REFUGEES OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Broj: 03-32-3-65- 173 /20 Sarajevo,12.6.2020.godine Na osnovu člana 56. Zakona o organizaciji organa uprave u Federaciji BiH („Službene novine Federacije BiH“ broj:35/05), člana 22. Pravilnika o unutrašnjoj organizaciji Federalnog ministarstva raseljenih osoba i izbjeglica, broj: 02-02-1967-11/18 od 04. mart 2019. godine, a u vezi sa objavljenim Javnim pozivom za refundiranje troškova poreza I doprinosa za uposlene povratnike na području entiteta Republika Srpska, broj: 03-32-3-65-1/20 od 14.4.2020. godine, a u skladu sa Procedurama za izbor potencijalnih učesnika u programu pomoći za refundiranje troškova poreza i doprinosa za uposlene povratnike na području entiteta Republika Srpska, broj: 03-32-3-65-2-2/20 od 22.5.2020.godine, na prijedlog Komisije za razmatranje prijava, imenovane Rješenjem broj: 03-32-3- 65-2/20 od 20.4.2020. godine, federalni ministar raseljenih osoba i izbjeglica, d o n o s i O D L U K U O UTVRĐIVANJU LISTE POTENCIJALNIH KORISNIKA POMOĆI po Javnom pozivu za refundiranje troškova poreza i doprinosa za uposlene povratnike na području entiteta Republika Srpska I Ovom odlukom vrši se ocjenjivanje prijavljenih kandidata po osnovu ispunjavanja/neispunjavanja uslova za učešće u programu refundiranja troškova poreza i doprinosa za uposlene povratnike na području entiteta Republika Srpska . II Lista potencijalnih korisnika pomoći koji ispunjavaju uslove iz Javnog poziva, raspoređeni prema općinama implementacije projekta, kako slijedi: ISPUNJENOST RED.BR. -
“They” Wanted Them, and “He” Did Not
“THEY” WANTED THEM, AND “HE” DID NOT “THEY” WANTED THEM, AND “HE” DID NOT: ABOUT THE CONTEXT, ORGANIZATION AND FORM OF THE FORCIBLE CONSCRIPTION OF REFUGEES IN SERBIA IN 1995 Borislav Radović Borislav Radović The training camp of the Serbian Volunteer Guard is situated in Erdut. Big barracks with spacious grounds were renovated and transformed into a contemporary facility comparable with the best international centers of this kind...It is busy like in a bee-hive every morning since 6 o’ clock, when a new working day begins. There are morning calisthenics, breakfast and inspection. The trumpeter plays the Serbian anthem and a new day starts. A strenuous training awaits them…Sunday is a day off. They attend the mess in the church, play sports on various playgrounds, go out…but everything as deserved, because disrespect of the rules of this stoic school of humanity can bring the old Serbian measure: 25 strokes on the buttocks, in front of the entire ranks.1 This is not a promotional flyer for some slightly bizarre fitness-center, but a falsely idyllic description of the decor of one of the darkest episodes of the contemporary Serbian history. In this “stoic school of humanity” occured acts and treatments so inhuman that even today they represent a genuine nightmare for those who experienced them. 1 “Kako je nastala Srska dobrovoljačka garda: Ponovo u stroju”, Srpsko jedinstvo, broj 10, jun, 1995, p. 13. 11 THE CONTEXT The main reason of poverty in Serbia is too much money the citizens have.2 The events we will speak about took place in the summer of 1995. -
Human Remains and Identification
Human remains and identification HUMAN REMAINS AND VIOLENCE Human remains and identification Human remains Human remains and identification presents a pioneering investigation into the practices and methodologies used in the search for and and identification exhumation of dead bodies resulting from mass violence. Previously absent from forensic debate, social scientists and historians here Mass violence, genocide, confront historical and contemporary exhumations with the application of social context to create an innovative and interdisciplinary dialogue. and the ‘forensic turn’ Never before has a single volume examined the context of motivations and interests behind these pursuits, each chapter enlightening the Edited by ÉLISABETH ANSTETT political, social, and legal aspects of mass crime and its aftermaths. and JEAN-MARC DREYFUS The book argues that the emergence of new technologies to facilitate the identification of dead bodies has led to a ‘forensic turn’, normalizing exhumations as a method of dealing with human remains en masse. However, are these exhumations always made for legitimate reasons? And what can we learn about societies from the way in which they deal with this consequence of mass violence? Multidisciplinary in scope, this book presents a ground-breaking selection of international case studies, including the identification of corpses by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the resurfacing ANSTETTand of human remains from the Gulag and the sites of Jewish massacres from the Holocaust. Human remains -
Draft Report Visit to Bosnia
Strasbourg, 7 November 2017 CommDH(2017)28 Original version REPORT BY NILS MUIŽNIEKS COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE FOLLOWING HIS VISIT TO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FROM 12 TO 16 JUNE 2017 Summary.........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................2 1 Major issues pertaining to transitional justice and reconciliation ............................................................3 1.1 The need to end impunity for wartime crimes and provide effective redress to all war victims.............3 1.1.1 International and regional developments..........................................................................................3 1.1.2 Domestic wartime-related criminal proceedings...............................................................................4 1.1.2.1 Wartime-related criminal trials and protection of witnesses ...................................................6 1.2 Provision of adequate and effective reparations to war victims .............................................................7 1.3 Missing persons........................................................................................................................................9 1.4 Ethnic segregation in public education ..................................................................................................10 -
Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina Verdict
SUD BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE СУД БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ COURT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Case No.: X-KR-07/430 Date: Delivered 29 June 2009 Published 14 September 2009 Before: Judge Tihomir Lukes, Presiding Judge Carol Peralta Judge David Re PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA v. FERID HODŽIĆ VERDICT Counsel for the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ms. Sanja Jukić, Prosecutor Counsel for Ferid Hodžić: Mr. Asim Crnalić, Lawyer INDEX TO VERDICT A. OPERATIVE PROVISION ................................................................................3 B. REASONING .......................................................................................................6 The indictment .........................................................................................................6 Existence of an armed conflict................................................................................7 Detention of prisoners in a stable in Rovaši ..........................................................9 Breaches of Article 3 (1) (a) and (c) of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Articles 173 and 175 of the Criminal Code of BiH – beatings and mistreatment of the prisoners.......................................................................................................13 Torture................................................................................................................16 Death of Dušan Čestić........................................................................................18 Applicability of Article 121