Computer Communications and Networks For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4198 The Computer Communications and Networks series is a range of textbooks, monographs and handbooks. It sets out to provide students, researchers and non- specialists alike with a sure grounding in current knowledge, together with comprehensible access to the latest developments in computer communications and networking. Emphasis is placed on clear and explanatory styles that support a tutorial approach, so that even the most complex of topics is presented in a lucid and intelligible manner. Zaigham Mahmood • Richard Hill Editors Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures Editors Zaigham Mahmood Richard Hill School of Computing and Mathematics School of Computing and Mathematics University of Derby University of Derby Kedleston Road Kedleston Road DE22 1GB Derby DE22 1GB Derby UK UK [email protected] [email protected] Series Editor A.J. Sammes Centre for Forensic Computing Cranfi eld University, DCMT, Shrivenham Swindon SN6 8LA UK ISSN 1617-7975 ISBN 978-1-4471-2235-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4471-2236-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2236-4 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943560 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) In memory of my parents whose guidance and words of wisdom I miss more each year. –Zaigham Mahmood For Daniel and Megan. Keep asking ‘why?’ –Richard Hill Foreword Understanding cloud technology innovation is becoming essential for most IT practitioners. Mechanisms, platforms and models have established themselves as concrete architectural building blocks that enable us to position and leverage cloud computing advances, when and where we can justify their benefi ts over their risks. However, many in the IT community continue to focus on immediate solutions when considering cloud environments. SaaS offerings, for example, have become common, yet limited demonstrations of what harnessing cloud technologies can truly accomplish. As a result, there is the on-going danger that, with a consistent focus on individual, single-purpose applications, we will end up repeating mistakes from the past by creating “silos in the sky.” It is critical for us to gain an enterprise perspective of cloud computing. Viewing cloud platforms as extensions of IT enterprises empowers us to creatively evolve our ecosystems to encompass cloud-based resources, as they prove themselves to better increase our business requirements fulfi lment potential. There are countless ways we can safely augment traditional, controlled on-premise environments into effective hybrid technology architectures that can scale out into or simply incor- porate remote cloud platforms. In some cases, this may be a gradual evolution that takes years to occur, while in other situations the adoption may be rapid, driven aggressively by uncompromising business demands and the need to overcome hard on-premise resource limitations. Either way, the opportunity is there for us today to explore these options, and make educated and (hopefully) intelligent decisions as to how to best leverage what cloud computing can truly offer. This book addresses areas of technology architecture that go beyond individual solution design and implementation in order to broaden the understanding of how and where the building blocks of cloud computing technology can be added to sup- port immediate, tactical goals, while planning for long-term, strategic incorporation at the same time. This evolutionary approach to adopting cloud technology innovation is necessary for us to maintain the vitality of an enterprise architecture. It gives us control over the usage and governance of cloud mechanisms, as they may enhance or even replace existing, corresponding parts of on-premise environments. The topic vii viii Foreword areas covered in the upcoming chapters will equip you with essential knowledge to help tackle these types of decision points, while maintaining that ever-important enterprise-level perspective . Thomas Erl Arcitura Education Inc. and CloudSchool.com About Thomas Erl: Thomas Erl is a renown IT author, a speaker of international fame and founder of SOASchool.com ® and CloudSchool.com™. Thomas is also the editor of the Service Technology Magazine. With over 140,000 copies in print world-wide, his seven pub- lished books in SOA related area have become international bestsellers. As CEO of Arcitura Education Inc. and SOA Systems Inc. Thomas has led the development of curricula for the internationally recognized SOA Certifi ed Professional (SOACP) and Cloud Certifi ed Professional (CCP) accreditation programs. Preface Overview and Goals Cloud Computing is emerging as a pervasive and consumer-driven utility that is attracting great interest from entrepreneurs, innovators and technology evangelists, as well as the ‘connected’ public at large. The shift from a focus upon IT, to a more assertive focus upon business, further strengthens the case for cloud adoption, and enterprises need to understand how they can best prepare themselves to fully exploit this exciting technological advance. Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures addresses the need for a single point of reference for state-of-the-art cloud computing design and implementation tech- niques. It considers Cloud Computing from the perspective of Enterprise Architecture: how do we realize new business potential, with our existing enterprises? Key objectives for this book include: • Capturing the state of the art in Enterprise Architecture approaches with respect to Cloud Computing models, frameworks, technologies and applications • Identifying potential research directions and technologies to facilitate the reali- zation of emerging business models through Enterprise Architecture approaches • Providing relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research fi ndings • Advancing the understanding of the fi eld of Enterprise Cloud Computing Organization and Features This book is organized in four parts: • Part I refers to Cloud Computing and Enterprise Architecture concepts and principles. • Part II discusses architectural approaches and frameworks for the adoption of Cloud Computing. ix x Preface • Part III is devoted to issues and challenges with Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architecture. • Part IV presents future directions and ideas for further research. Target Audiences We have written this book to support a number of potential audiences. Enterprise Architects and Business Analysts will both have a need to understand how Cloud Computing can impact upon their work, both in terms of potential benefi ts and constraints. Similarly, Business Leaders and IT Infrastructure Managers will have a desire to appreciate where Cloud Computing fi ts in to their current thinking, and to appre- ciate how Enterprise Architecture can assist the making of critical decisions for an enterprise. Those involved in system design and implementation as Application Developers will observe how the adoption of architectures that support Cloud Computing can positively affect the means by which customers are satisfi ed. Finally, as a collection of the latest theoretical, practical and evaluative work in the fi eld of Enterprise Cloud Computing, we anticipate that this book will be of direct interest to Researchers and also University Instructors for adoption as a course textbook. Suggested Uses Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures can be used as an introduction to the topics of Cloud Computing and Enterprise Architecture, and as such the reader is advised to consult Part I for a thorough overview of the fundamental concepts. Part II considers frameworks and approaches for the adoption of Cloud Computing, building upon the concepts presented in Part I. Issues and challenges in this emerging area are considered in Part III, and then research and future directions are presented in Part IV. Readers can use the book as a ‘primer’ if they have no prior knowledge, and then consult individual chapters at will as a reference text. Alternatively, for University Instructors , we suggest the following programme of study for a 12-week semester format: • Weeks 1–3: Part I • Weeks 4–7: Part II • Weeks 7–9: Part III • Weeks 9–11: Part IV • Week 12: Assessment Preface xi Instructors are encouraged to make use of the various case studies within the book