The Nucleotide Pgpp Acts As a Third Alarmone in Bacillus, with Functions Distinct from Those of (P)Ppgpp
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Cyclic Di-AMP Signaling in Listeria Monocytogenes by Aaron Thomas
Cyclic di-AMP signaling in Listeria monocytogenes By Aaron Thomas Whiteley A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Daniel A. Portnoy, Chair Professor Sarah A. Stanley Professor Russell E. Vance Professor Kathleen R. Ryan Summer 2016 Abstract Cyclic di-AMP signaling in Listeria monocytogenes by Aaron Thomas Whiteley Doctor of Philosophy in Infectious Diseases and Immunity University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel A. Portnoy, Chair The Gram positive facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is both ubiquitous in the environment and is a facultative intracellular pathogen. A high degree of adaptability to different growth niches is one reason for the success of this organism. In this dissertation, two facets of L. monocytogenes, growth and gene expression have been investigated. The first portion examines the function and necessity of the nucleotide second messenger c-di-AMP, and the second portion of this dissertation examines the signal transduction network required for virulence gene regulation. Through previous genetic screens and biochemical analysis it was found that the nucleotide second messenger cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is secreted by the bacterium during intracellular and extracellular growth. Depletion of c-di- AMP levels in L. monocytogenes and related bacteria results in sensitivity to cell wall acting antibiotics such as cefuroxime, decreased growth rate, and decreased virulence. We devised a variety of bacterial genetic screens to identify the function of this molecule in bacterial physiology. The sole di-adenylate cyclase (encoded by dacA) responsible for catalyzing synthesis of c-di-AMP in L. -
The Hns Gene of Escherichia Coli Is Transcriptionally Down-Regulated by (P)Ppgpp
microorganisms Article The hns Gene of Escherichia coli Is Transcriptionally Down-Regulated by (p)ppGpp Anna Brandi, Mara Giangrossi, Attilio Fabbretti and Maurizio Falconi * School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (A.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0737-403274 Received: 25 August 2020; Accepted: 8 October 2020; Published: 10 October 2020 Abstract: Second messenger nucleotides, such as guanosine penta- or tetra-phosphate, commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp, are powerful signaling molecules, used by all bacteria to fine-tune cellular metabolism in response to nutrient availability. Indeed, under nutritional starvation, accumulation of (p)ppGpp reduces cell growth, inhibits stable RNAs synthesis, and selectively up- or down- regulates the expression of a large number of genes. Here, we show that the E. coli hns promoter responds to intracellular level of (p)ppGpp. hns encodes the DNA binding protein H-NS, one of the major components of bacterial nucleoid. Currently, H-NS is viewed as a global regulator of transcription in an environment-dependent mode. Combining results from relA (ppGpp synthetase) and spoT (ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase) null mutants with those from an inducible plasmid encoded RelA system, we have found that hns expression is inversely correlated with the intracellular concentration of (p)ppGpp, particularly in exponential phase of growth. Furthermore, we have reproduced in an in vitro system the observed in vivo (p)ppGpp-mediated transcriptional repression of hns promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays clearly demonstrated that this unusual nucleotide negatively affects the stability of RNA polymerase-hns promoter complex. -
Développement D'hybrides Aptamère-Peptide
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE INSTITUT ARMAND-FRAPPIER DÉVELOPPEMENT D’HYBRIDES APTAMÈRE-PEPTIDE ANTIMICROBIEN UN MODÈLE POUR CIBLER DES BACTÉRIES PATHOGÈNES Par Amal Thamri Mémoire présenté pour l’obtention du grade de Maître en sciences (M.Sc.) en microbiologie appliquée Jury d’évaluation Examinateur externe: Dr. Roger.C Lévesque, Université de Laval Examinateur interne: Dr. Frédéric Veyrier, INRS-IAF Directeur de recherche: Dr. Jonathan Perreault, INRS-IAF Co-directrice de recherche: Dre. Annie Castonguay, INRS-IAF Remerciements Cette maîtrise a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une coopération entre INRS et le ministère d’enseignement supérieur tunisien. Les recherches objets de ce mémoire ont été réalisées dans différents laboratoires de l’institut Armand-Frappier: Laboratoires des professeurs: Jonathan Perreault, Annie Castonguay, Eric Déziel, David Chatenet. Je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont participé de près ou de loin au bon déroulement et à l’avancement des travaux de cette maîtrise. Je remercie spécialement mon directeur de recherche Jonathan Perreault pour avoir cru en mes capacités d’intégrer sa jeune équipe et travailler sur un projet novateur. Je remercie très sincèrement ma co-directrice Annie Castonguay pour ses encouragements tout au long de ces deux années. Je les remercie également d'avoir bien assuré la direction et l'encadrement de mes travaux de recherche. Merci au professeur Eric Déziel pour sa compréhension et ses conseils précieux. J’adresse aussi mes remerciements au professeur David Chatenet pour sa disponibilité, ses directions bénéfiques et ses remarques pertinentes. J’adresse mes sentiments de respect et de gratitude à Myriam Letourneau et Marie- Christine Groleau pour leur générosité et leur aide à mettre en place et améliorer plusieurs expériences. -
Regulation of Stringent Factor by Branched-Chain Amino Acids
Regulation of stringent factor by branched-chain amino acids Mingxu Fanga and Carl E. Bauera,1 aMolecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 Edited by Caroline S. Harwood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, and approved May 9, 2018 (received for review February 21, 2018) When faced with amino acid starvation, prokaryotic cells induce a Under normal growth conditions, the synthetase activity of Rel is stringent response that modulates their physiology. The stringent thought to be self-inhibited; however, during times of amino acid response is manifested by production of signaling molecules starvation, Rel interacts with stalled ribosomes, which activates guanosine 5′-diphosphate,3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine synthetase activity to produce (p)ppGpp. The regulation of hy- 5′-triphosphate,3′-diphosphate (pppGpp) that are also called drolase activity is less understood but may involve one or more alarmones. In many species, alarmone levels are regulated by a downstream domains called the TGS and ACT domains. The TGS multidomain bifunctional alarmone synthetase/hydrolase called domain of SpoT has been shown to interact with an acyl carrier Rel. In this enzyme, there is an ACT domain at the carboxyl region protein, so it is presumed to sense the status of fatty acid metab- that has an unknown function; however, similar ACT domains are olism in E. coli (4). The function of the ACT domain is not as clear; present in other enzymes that have roles in controlling amino acid however, recent cryo-EM structures of E. coli RelA show that this metabolism. In many cases, these other ACT domains have been domain is involved in binding deacyl-tRNA as well as the ribosome shown to allosterically regulate enzyme activity through the bind- (5–7). -
The Alarmone (P)Ppgpp Is Part of the Heat Shock Response of Bacillus
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/688689; this version posted July 1, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 The alarmone (p)ppGpp is part of the heat shock response of Bacillus 2 subtilis 3 4 Heinrich Schäfer1,2, Bertrand Beckert3, Wieland Steinchen4, Aaron Nuss5, Michael 5 Beckstette5, Ingo Hantke1, Petra Sudzinová6, Libor Krásný6, Volkhard Kaever7, Petra 6 Dersch5,8, Gert Bange4*, Daniel Wilson3* & Kürşad Turgay1,2* 7 8 Author affiliations: 9 1 Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, 10 Hannover, Germany. 11 2 Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany 12 3 Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, University of 13 Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. 14 4 Philipps-University Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and 15 Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany. 16 5 Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 17 Braunschweig, Germany 18 6 Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, 19 Czech Republic. 20 7 Hannover Medical School, Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 21 30625, Hannover, Germany. 22 8 Institute of Infectiology, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, University of Münster, Münster, Germany 23 24 Short title: The interplay of heat shock and stringent response 25 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/688689; this version posted July 1, 2019. -
(P)Ppgpp Synthesis by the Ca2+-Dependent Rela-Spot Homolog
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/767004; this version posted September 12, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Plastidial (p)ppGpp synthesis by the Ca2+-dependent RelA-SpoT homolog regulates the adaptation of chloroplast gene expression to darkness in Arabidopsis Sumire Ono1,4, Sae Suzuki1,4, Doshun Ito1 Shota Tagawa2, Takashi Shiina2, and Shinji Masuda3,5 1School of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan 2Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan 3Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan 4These authors contributed equally to the study 5Corresponding author: E-mail, [email protected] Abbreviations: CRSH, Ca2+-activated RSH; flg22, flagellin 22; (p)ppGpp, 5'-di(tri)phosphate 3'-diphosphate; PAMPs; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; RSH, RelA-SpoT homolog; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/767004; this version posted September 12, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract In bacteria, the hyper-phosphorylated nucleotides, guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pppGpp), function as secondary messengers in the regulation of various metabolic processes of the cell, including transcription, translation, and enzymatic activities, especially under nutrient deficiency. The activity carried out by these nucleotide messengers is known as the stringent response. -
Tetracycline Modulates the Valine Induced Stringent Response and Decreases Expressed Rpos in Escherichia Coli
Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology (JEMI) Vol. 15: 117 – 124 Copyright © April 2011, M&I UBC Tetracycline Modulates the Valine Induced Stringent Response and Decreases Expressed RpoS in Escherichia coli Natasha Castillon, Krysta Coyle, June Lai, and Cindy Yang Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia The stringent response in Escherichia coli is a physiological response to stress characterized by accumulation of the alarmone (p)ppGpp and the down-regulation of various processes involved in cellular growth and protein synthesis. It has been previously shown that activation of the stringent response by amino acid starvation is able to confer protection against various classes of antibiotics, including tetracycline and ampicillin. However, no observations have been made on partial activation of stringency. This investigation attempted to repress the level of bacterial stringent response in E. coli CP78 through the use of tetracycline. Tetracycline is an antibiotic which has been shown to restrict the cellular accumulation of (p)ppGpp in CP78 Escherichia coli. The effectiveness of the starvation by valine was monitored by measuring turbidity. The modulation of stringent response was monitored by the level of RpoS, since RpoS production is known to be enhanced by activated stringent response. As measured by turbidity, we successfully established an amino acid starvation condition with valine treatment as seen in the inhibited growth of CP78 cells as compared to untreated cells. The valine inhibition of the growth of the bacteria appeared to be reduced by the addition of tetracycline. However, cultures treated with high concentrations of tetracycline seemed to become more turbid than the untreated control even though they had similar levels of protein. -
The Link Between Purine Metabolism and Production of Antibiotics in Streptomyces
antibiotics Review The Link between Purine Metabolism and Production of Antibiotics in Streptomyces Smitha Sivapragasam and Anne Grove * Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 May 2019; Accepted: 3 June 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: Stress and starvation causes bacterial cells to activate the stringent response. This results in down-regulation of energy-requiring processes related to growth, as well as an upregulation of genes associated with survival and stress responses. Guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphates (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp) are critical for this process. In Gram-positive bacteria, a main function of (p)ppGpp is to limit cellular levels of GTP, one consequence of which is reduced transcription of genes that require GTP as the initiating nucleotide, such as rRNA genes. In Streptomycetes, the stringent response is also linked to complex morphological differentiation and to production of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics. These processes are also influenced by the second messenger c-di-GMP. Since GTP is a substrate for both (p)ppGpp and c-di-GMP, a finely tuned regulation of cellular GTP levels is required to ensure adequate synthesis of these guanosine derivatives. Here, we discuss mechanisms that operate to control guanosine metabolism and how they impinge on the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces species. Keywords: c-di-GMP; guanosine and (p)ppGpp; purine salvage; secondary metabolism; Streptomycetes; stringent response 1. Introduction Bacteria experience constant challenges, either in the environment or when infecting a host. They utilize various mechanisms to survive such stresses, which may include changes in temperature, pH, or oxygen content as well as limited access to carbon or nitrogen sources. -
Quantification of Guanosine Triphosphate and Tetraphosphate In
Quantification of guanosine triphosphate and tetraphosphate in plants and algae using stable isotope-labelled internal standards Julia Bartoli, Sylvie Citerne, Gregory Mouille, Emmanuelle Bouveret, Ben Field To cite this version: Julia Bartoli, Sylvie Citerne, Gregory Mouille, Emmanuelle Bouveret, Ben Field. Quantification of guanosine triphosphate and tetraphosphate in plants and algae using stable isotope-labelled internal standards. Talanta, Elsevier, 2020, 219, pp.121261. 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121261. cea-02961710 HAL Id: cea-02961710 https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-02961710 Submitted on 19 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Quantification of guanosine triphosphate and tetraphosphate in plants and algae using stable isotope- labelled internal standards. Julia Bartoli1, Sylvie Citerne2, Gregory Mouille2, Emmanuelle Bouveret3 and Ben Field4* 1Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, LISM, UMR 7255, IMM FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France 2 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, -
Guanosine Pentaphosphate Phosphohydrolase of Escherichia Coli Is a Long-Chain Exopolyphosphatase J
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 90, pp. 7029-7033, August 1993 Biochemistry Guanosine pentaphosphate phosphohydrolase of Escherichia coli is a long-chain exopolyphosphatase J. D. KEASLING*, LEROY BERTSCHt, AND ARTHUR KORNBERGtI *Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-9989; and tDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307 Contributed by Arthur Kornberg, April 14, 1993 ABSTRACT An exopolyphosphatase [exopoly(P)ase; EC MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.6.1.11] activity has recently been purified to homogeneity from a mutant strain of Escherichia coi which lacks the Reagents and Proteins. Sources were as follows: ATP, principal exopoly(P)ase. The second exopoly(P)ase has now ADP, nonradiolabeled nucleotides, poly(P)s, bovine serum been identified as guanosine pentaphosphate phosphohydro- albumin, and ovalbumin from Sigma; [y-32P]ATP at 6000 lase (GPP; EC 3.6.1.40) by three lines of evidence: (i) the Ci/mmol (1 Ci = 37 GBq) and [y-32P]GTP at 6000 Ci/mmol sequences of five btptic digestion fragments of the purified from ICN; Q-Sepharose fast flow, catalase, aldolase, Super- protein are found in the translated gppA gene, (u) the size ofthe ose-12 fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) column, protein (100 kDa) agrees with published values for GPP, and and Chromatofocusing column and reagents from Pharmacia (iu) the ratio of exopoly(P)ase activity to GPP activity remains LKB; DEAE-Fractogel, Pll phosphocellulose, and DE52 constant throughout a 300-fold purification in the last steps of DEAE-cellulose from Whatman; protein standards for SDS/ the procedure. -
The C-Di-AMP Receptor Darb Controls (P)Ppgpp Synthesis in Bacillus Subtilis
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21306-0 OPEN A meet-up of two second messengers: the c-di-AMP receptor DarB controls (p)ppGpp synthesis in Bacillus subtilis Larissa Krüger1, Christina Herzberg1, Dennis Wicke1, Heike Bähre2, Jana L. Heidemann3, Achim Dickmanns3, ✉ Kerstin Schmitt4, Ralf Ficner 3 & Jörg Stülke 1 1234567890():,; Many bacteria use cyclic di-AMP as a second messenger to control potassium and osmotic homeostasis. In Bacillus subtilis, several c-di-AMP binding proteins and RNA molecules have been identified. Most of these targets play a role in controlling potassium uptake and export. In addition, c-di-AMP binds to two conserved target proteins of unknown function, DarA and DarB, that exclusively consist of the c-di-AMP binding domain. Here, we investigate the function of the c-di-AMP-binding protein DarB in B. subtilis, which consists of two cystathionine-beta synthase (CBS) domains. We use an unbiased search for DarB interaction partners and identify the (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase Rel as a major interaction partner of DarB. (p)ppGpp is another second messenger that is formed upon amino acid starvation and under other stress conditions to stop translation and active metabolism. The interaction between DarB and Rel only takes place if the bacteria grow at very low potassium con- centrations and intracellular levels of c-di-AMP are low. We show that c-di-AMP inhibits the binding of DarB to Rel and the DarB–Rel interaction results in the Rel-dependent accumu- lation of pppGpp. These results link potassium and c-di-AMP signaling to the stringent response and thus to the global control of cellular physiology. -
334429671.Pdf
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Talanta 205 (2019) 120161 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Talanta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Analysis of nucleotide pools in bacteria using HPLC-MS in HILIC mode T Eva Zborníkováa,b, Zdeněk Knejzlíka, Vasili Hauryliukc,d,e, Libor Krásnýf, Dominik Rejmana,* a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovonam. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic b Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic c Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Building 6K, 6L University Hospital Area, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden d Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Building 6K and 6L, University Hospital Area, 90187, Umeå, Sweden e University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, 50411, Tartu, Estonia f Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Nucleotides, nucleosides and their derivatives are present in all cells at varying concentrations that change with Nucleotide the nutritional, and energetic status of the cell. Precise measurement of the concentrations of these molecules is HPLC-MS instrumental for understanding their regulatory effects. Such measurement is challenging due to the inherent HILIC instability of these molecules and, despite many decades of research, the reported values differ widely. Here, we ppGpp present a comprehensive and easy-to-use approach for determination of the intracellular concentrations of > 25 Stringent response target molecular species.