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Copyright by Sarah Elizabeth Nicholus 2018
Copyright by Sarah Elizabeth Nicholus 2018 The Dissertation Committee for Sarah Elizabeth Nicholus Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Dissertation: Queering Tradition: LGBT+ Cultural Production in the Brazilian Northeast Committee: Lorraine Moore (Leu), Supervisor Jossianna Arroyo Martínez Jason Borge Christen Smith Queering Tradition: LGBT+ Cultural Production in the Brazilian Northeast by Sarah Elizabeth Nicholus Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2018 Dedication To my Mom and Dad for their unconditional love and support. They have been here since the beginning. To Marcelo and my LGBT+ community in Natal for giving me a home when I was far away from mine. Acknowledgements While dissertation projects generally follow a course of graduate study, this work began before I arrived at the University of Texas at Austin. Thank you to my friends and LGBT+/queer family in Brazil who have made this project possible, as well as the Fulbright Program without which I would not have landed in Natal-RN. Marcelo Camilo and Ícaro Pires, obrigada pelas aventuras, risos, e conversas ao longo de muitos anos e viagens. Luiz Carvalho, obrigada por me ensinar sobre o mundo das festas juninas e a cultura do cordel. Miguel Silva, obrigada por me mostrar a sua cidade e O Maior São João do Mundo. Esse projeto também contou com o apoio de Rebecka de França (Atransparência) e Maria Goretti Gomes (Grupo Afirmativo de Mulheres Independentes): obrigada por me acolher e por me ensinar sobre o ativismo LGBT+ em Natal. -
BRIEF INFORMATION for VISITORS Welcome to Natal - Rio Grande Do Norte
BRIEF INFORMATION FOR VISITORS Welcome to Natal - Rio Grande do Norte History of Natal In the 16th century, The King of Portugal divided Brazil, its colony, into large stripes that were distributed among chosen members of the Portuguese Royalty. The piece that now constitutes the State of Rio Grande do Norte was given to the families of João de Barros and Ayres da Cunha. The first Portuguese expedition set out to colonize this land took place 5 years after the distribution. Before Portuguese arrival, French pirates used to come to the coast to smuggle the wood known as Pau Brazil, after which the country is named. The first attempts of Portuguese colonization failed because the native Potiguares population established an alliance with the French, helping them in fighting the attempts of the Portuguese to settle in the land. In December 25th 1597, a Portuguese expedition commanded by Mascarenhas Homem and Jerônimo de Albuquerque arrived to fight the French. Twelve days later the Portuguese started to build a Fortress which they named Forte dos Reis Magos, or “Three Kings Fortress”, because its construction starting day was dedicated to the "Reis Magos" in the Catholic tradition. The fortress was projected by Father Gaspar de Samperes, who later also projected the Cathedral of the patron saint of Natal , of Our Lady of Presentation. Immediately after the construction of the fortress, a settlement was created and named Santos Reis city, later to become Natal. There are two versions for this name: one is related to the date the Portuguese fleet entered the Potengi River in 1597, and another to the day the site was occupied by Jerônimo de Albuquerque in 1599, both on Christmas Day, Natal in Portuguese. -
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte Centro De Ciencias Humanas, Letras E Artes Programa De Pós Graduação Em Geografia Mestrado Em Geografia
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA MESTRADO EM GEOGRAFIA MARÍLIA MEDEIROS SOARES OS MARCOS DA PAISAGEM DA CIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA TRAMA URBANA DE NATAL/RN: um estudo a partir do Morro do Careca, o Midway Mall, o Pórtico dos Reis Magos e a Ponte Newton Navarro NATAL/RN 2012 MARÍLIA MEDEIROS SOARES OS MARCOS DA PAISAGEM DA CIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA TRAMA URBANA DE NATAL/RN: um estudo a partir do Morro do Careca, o Midway Mall, o Pórtico dos Reis Magos e a Ponte Newton Navarro Dissertação submetida à defesa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFRN como requisito para a obtenção do título de mestre em Geografia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Francisco Fransualdo Azevedo NATAL/RN 2012 Marília Medeiros Soares OS MARCOS DA PAISAGEM DA CIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA TRAMA URBANA DE NATAL/RN: um estudo a partir do Morro do Careca, o Midway Mall, o Pórtico dos Reis Magos e a Ponte Newton Navarro Dissertação submetida à defesa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFRN como requisito para a obtenção do título de mestre em Geografia. Natal, de de 2012 Francisco Fransualdo Azevedo, D. Sc. – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Presidente) Alessandro Dozena, D. Sc. – Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Norte (Membro Avaliador Interno) Antônio Jânio Fernandes – Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Membro Avaliador Externo) Dedico esse trabalho aos meus filhos Artur, Caio e Bruno, que são a razão de todos os meus esforços e por quem faço de tudo para ser exemplo. -
NATA L of Dunes Going Into the Ocean
Natal mixes the beaches and the backlands, By the fact that Brazil is one of the first multicultural particularly in its cuisine and the desert-like scenario societies in the world, it has received many influences NATA L of dunes going into the ocean. It is the land of shrimp, in the field of culture. This mix has led to a new and crab and fresh fish; of paçoca (pounded cassava meal mixed development on different ways. Religion and RIO GRANDE DO NORTE - BRAZIL and beef jerky), carne de sol (beef jerky) and feijão- music with influences from verde (green beans). All together on the same menu – mainly Europe and Africa has Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, is a occasionally, on the same plate. given this country her own city on the Atlantic coast. Natal has some great soul. In many parts in the city By the climate and sandy soil could the sugar cane beaches, historical sites, and nature areas, and it is a you can find places where, cultivation not develop here, therefore, until the end frequently used base for exploring the paradisiac capoeira is demonstrated or of the 19th century, the main source of income was beaches and nature of the Rio Grande do Norte state. where you can see an exciting stock. Then came the trade in salt and oil products show with the swirling Founded in 1599, one year after the beginning of the and developed Natal itself as the centre for this trade. Brazilian rhythms and folklore. construction of a fortress (Forte dos Reis Magos), During the Second World War the Americans built a Finally, you can visit the Natal is the second smallest state capital in Brazil in large airport in Natal as a base to Africa and Europe.