ILLINOI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
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HISTORY ATURAL SURVEY
.Cltion of Wildlife Research Performance Report
Final Completion Report
Illinois Forest Game Investigations
W-87-R-8,9,10
1 July 1986 through 30 June 1989
by
Charles M. Nixon
31 August 1989
I I _~ · I _ · ~ / : °
Performance Report Final Completion Report
State: Illinois Project No.: W-87-R-8,9,10 Project Type: Research Sub-project VII: Illinois Deer Investigations Period Covered: 1 July 1986 through 30 June 1989
This performance report covers the jobs active under the R-10 segment and represents a completion report for Study VII-D-2 (Life History and Ecology of Farmland Deer) and Study VII-D-3 (Strategies For Developing and Managing Systems of Secure Wintering Sites For Deer in Central and Northern Illinois) and a report of progress for Study VII-D-1 (Population Dynamics of the Illinois Deer Herd--Current Status, Harvest Analysis, and Formulation of Alternative Management Strategies), a continuing study within the newly approved W-87-R-11,12,13 project.
Report of Progress
Study No. VII-D-1; Title: Population dynamics of the Illinois deer herd--current status, harvest analysis, and
formulation of alternate management strategies. Objectives: To develop specific deer population goals for counties
and regions, to continue to analyze the annual status and harvest
of deer, to evaluate requests for hunting permits, and to develop
alternative harvesting regulations that balance hunter
satisfaction with deer population dynamics. 2
(a) Activity:
Deer Populations and Harvests
Deer harvests and hunter success rates for 1988 were
entered into a new main frame computer at the University of
Illinois (The Cyper Mainframe computer system was
discontinued 31 December 1988). Updated estimates of the
1988 harvest and programs to provide harvest breakdowns by
county, region, and statewide were provided to the Illinois
Department of Conservation.
In 1988, 114,470 firearm hunters reported killing 47,
505 deer, a 10.6% Increase in reported kill from 1987 and a
new record harvest for Illinois (Table 1). Hunting
pressures increased about 14.5% in 1988 and with harvest
levels up about the same amount, firearm hunter success
remained above 40% (Table 1).
However, hunter success declined In many counties in
1988. Harvests and hunter success were the same or higher
in Deer Region 1 in 1988 for all counties except in
Stephenson County where hunter success was down 11.3% from
1987 (Table 2). In Region 2, hunter success was down In 9
counties, evidenced no change in 1 county, and increased in
4 counties. Harvest totals declined in only 3 counties,
Ford, Kendall, and Livingston, In 1988 In this Region (Table
2). Harvest totals declined In Putnam and Woodford counties
in Deer Region 3, and every county in this Region showed a
decline or no change In hunter success. In Region 4, only
Fulton County killed fewer deer in 1988 than 1987, but 3 hunter success decl Ined In 8 counties and remained about the same as 1987 In 6 counties. Harvests were up In all but
Menard County in Region 5, with no Improvement in hunter success In any county In the Region. Harvests declined In
Douglas and Edgar counties In Region 6, hunter success
Improved in Jasper and Richland counties, and the remaining counties reported declines In hunter success but Increases
In harvests. Harvests were up > 40% In Coles, Crawford,
Lawrence, and Richland counties In this Region. In Region
7, only Clay county reported an increase in hunter success while 2 counties, Monroe and Wayne, reported a decline in harvest. In Region 8, harvests were reduced in Alexander,
Hardin, Pope, and Saline counties and hunter success was reduced or no change (Pulaski County) throughout the Region
(Table 2).
The reported archery harvest also Increased in 1988, to
7,862 deer. In past years the reported archery harvest has represented about 65% of the actual kill by archers (Kube, unpublished data). The addition of the unreported kill would Increase the total kill by archers to 12,095 deer.
The addition of crippling losses to both the reported archery (estimated as 40% of the reported kill) and firearm
(estimated as 30% and includes deer killed but not reported) harvests provides a total harvest of 78,690 deer for 1988, a
12.4% increase over the estimated harvest for 1987.
Estimates of prehunt deer populations were made for 27 counties scattered throughout the state In an attempt to determine the current status of deer. The methods used to calculate these estimates were as follows:
1) Assume as a starting point that the harvest for 1980, the beginning year, was 20% of the prehunt population. This percentage Is later adjusted on the basis of known harvests
(total harvest including firearm and archery crippling rates) In 1986-1988.
2) The reported firearm harvest is adjusted to an annual kill statistic standardized for numbers of hunters for 1980-1988 as: the number of hunters In year X (1981 through
1988) - the number of hunters In year 1 (In this case 1980)
X the hunter success rates for year X. This kill by the new hunters in year X Is then subtracted from the reported kill in year X to produce the harvest of a "stable" number of hunters.
3) The standard harvest for year X is then compared with the harvest In 1980 and the percent changes in harvest levels among years are calculated. This Is a measure of the average change in the county deer population among years and reduces the effect of Increasing hunting pressure caused by more hunters In each county. The average percentage change
In harvest was then calculated for the years 1986-1988.
4) The reported harvest plus crippling loss (assumed as 30% for firearm hunters and 40% for archers) was then calculated for 1986-1988. This total harvest was then divided by various percentages selected to produce a prehunt population that, when compared with the estimated prehunt population In 1980 (calculated from an estimated 20% harvest in 1980), approximates the rate of change in standard harvest from 1980.
5) These estimates were then adjusted by observing the estimated percentage of the prehunt population harvested and the 1986-1988 trend in standard harvest (up or down). I have assumed that harvest levels in excess of 40% of the prehunt population reduce subsequent deer numbers. If the estimated percentage harvested In 1986-1988 was not plausible (< 30% or > 60%), the initial estimated percentage harvested in 1980 (originally estimated at 20%) was adjusted up or down until the percentage harvested In 1986-1988 appeared reasonable.
The estimated prehunt population for 1986-1988 was calculated for 27 counties and is shown In Table 3. In nearly all of these counties, the percentage of the estimated prehunt population being harvested has increased considerably since 1986. However, Increasing harvest levels within these counties has not affected the sexes equally.
As shown in Table 1 for the statewide harvest and confirmed
In county harvests, firearm harvests kill considerably more males than females in each county (Table 4). The male levels estimated In Table 4 are, in some counties, likely too high, but the relationship between male and female harvests is a consistent one throughout the state and is supported by the actual harvest reports.
These data Indicate that the female segment of the
population Is still relatively underharvested, with < 35% of prehunt numbers removed by harvest In 1988. Female take was
highest in Regions 1, 4, and 7 and lower in Regions 2, 5,
and 8 (Table 4). The low harvest rate for Regions 2 and 5 may be a reflection of the abundance of refuges from hunting present In these sparcely forested Regions. These refuges protect a much higher proportion of females than they do males, because of the disparity In home range size between the sexes during the hunting season (see Appendix 1). The
hunters In Regions 2 and 5 seem to have more "trophy" hunters
than the average for Illinois and often pass up opportunities to kill a doe or fawn In the hope of killing an antlered deer.
Permit Requests
Requests for "any deer" permits exceeded allocations in 48 counties (49% of the 98 open counties) in 1988 (Table 5).
For 31 of these counties where > 80% of the "first choice"
requests were met, the excess number of requests can be accommodated using additional "antlered only" or "any deer"
permits without much change in deer numbers or hunting
pressures. For 17 counties, however, accomodatling all
requests for permits would cause a considerable increase in
hunting pressure. Most of these counties contain large urban populations and limited hunting opportunities (Table 5). All requests for deer permits cannot be accommodated in
these counties under present hunting regulations, and these
counties appear to offer an opportunity to use a split hunting opportunity regulation on an experimental basis. For this option, hunters would be offered the choice of hunting during the first or second 3-day season but not both. Use of this option with a mix of "antlered only" and "any deer" permits would allow al I hunter requests to be filled and regulate harvest within desirable limits. There were also excess permits available In 32 counties in 1988 which out-of-county hunters could have obtained if they could also have located an area open to hunting In these counties (Table 6). Use of the relationship between county hunting pressure and deer harvest can be used to project future harvests under various hunting pressures. However, because of the somewhat arbitrary nature of permit allocation in past years, the relationship between hunting pressure (permits
issued per county) and firearm harvest is not always straight forward. As an Illustration of the method, simple linear regressions for a few counties where R2 values exceeded 70% are shown In Table 7. These regressions are based on past data where only "any deer" permits were
issued. Use of "antlered only" permits would affect hunter success and bias these regressions, the extent dependent upon the extent of use of the "antlered only" option. For 8
1989, permit allocations have been adjusted up or down from
1988 dependent upon trends In several indices to county deer populations. These Indlcles Include highway deaths, crop damage complaints, estimates by DOC personnel familiar with each county, trends in hunter success and harvests, and results of population models for selected counties. As shown In Table 8, permits were again Increased In the majority of counties, because indices showed populations were either stable or increasing. Population modelling still Indicates a general underharvest of the female segment of the population in most counties.
Highway Kills as a Population Index
Use of highway deer kills within counties as a predictor for future harvests has been used In several states In the Midwest (Stoll et al. 1985, McCaffery 1973) but has not been used for this purpose In Illinois. The Department of Transportation can provide January-June highway deer kill data for state highways by September each year; these data would thus be available before the hunting seasons and potentially useful as a harvest predictor. However, in recent years a motorist has had the option to remove and utilize a dead deer, which has made it difficult to obtain accurate road kill data.
Unfortunately, use of road kill data to predict trends
In harvest does not appear to be useful In Illinois (Table
9). Apparently recorded highway kills are more the result 9
of seasonal changes in public demand for road kills than the
actual numbers killed. These data were used without a
correction factor for increased highway travel (usually
about 5% per year) but trends In highway kills should be
val Id even without this correction. (b) Target Date of Achievement: 1 August 1989.
(c) Date of Accomplishment: Same. (d) Significant Deviations: None. (e) Remarks: None. (f) Recommendations: (1) For the 17 counties where requests for permits considerably exceed current permit allocations, the DOC
should consider use of a split hunting season where hunters
would select 1 of 2 3-day hunting seasons. This system would provide all hunters with an opportunity to hunt in the county of their choice without Increasing the number of hunters to intolerable levels (a landowner perception). The effect on the deer herd Is more difficult to forecast because, unlike the present system where the same hunters
hunt both seasons, if unsuccessful during the first 3-day season, there would be new hunters present during the second 3-day hunt. (2) The DOC should authorize use of an "antlerless
only" permit to provide a means to better control the female
segment of the deer population. The current "any deer"
permit does not provide this type of control because many
hunters will not kill antlerless deer. 10
(g) Cost: Federal - $22,606; State - $7,535; Total = $30,141
LI terature CI ted
McCaffery, K.R. 1973. Road-kills show trend In Wisconsin deer
populations. J. Wildl. Manage. 37:212-216.
Stoll, R.J., W.L. Culbertson, and M.W. McClaln. 1985. Deer-vehicle
accidents In Ohio. Inserv. Note 549, Ohio Dept. Nat. Resour., DIv.
Wildl., Columbus. 11
Final Report
Job No. VII-D-2; Title: Life history and ecology of farmland deer.
Objectives: To summarize the data collected during the 5-year
Allerton study and to develop a comprehensive perspective of
Individual behavior, local and regional deer population dynamics,
seasonal movements, and landscape utilization that provides the
essential basis to develop improved strategies for managing deer
in central Illinois.
(a) Final Report
The final report for this study is appended as Appendix
1 to this report. This report Is being reviewed for
publication in a refereed bulletin or monograph series.
(b) Target Date of Achievement: 1 August 1989.
(c) Date of Accomplishment: On Schedule. (d) Significant Deviations: None.
(e) Remarks - None.
(f) Recommendations: General management recommendations regarding farmland deer are presented in Appendix 1 and are reviewed here in more detail: (1) For counties with < 10% forest cover, the 46 counties located in central and northern Illinois (Hahn
1986), retention of existing forest is essential for the
future maintenance of deer numbers. Retention of upland
forests, so necessary for winter cover when floods Inundate
unlevied bottomland forests, is particularly Important. 12
(2) Because farmland deer disperse and migrate In spring before crops are high enough to provide diurnal cover, wooded fence rows, floodprone bottomland forests, and strategically placed woodlots (in relation to dispersal corridors surrounding existing winter concentration sites) are necessary to protect migrating and dispersing deer.
Based upon the average distance that marked deer bedded away from disturbance during daylight hours, the minimum width of such travel corridors should be about 435 m (twice the average winter-spring distance, 217 m, that adult males bedded from a site of human disturbance, see Appendix 1), If deer are to escape detection while resting within a travel corridor.
(3) Managing existing or any future refuges means establishing harvest (or other removal methods) levels that ensures at least some deer wllI continue to disperse or migrate from the refuge each year. For the Platt County
Study Area (PCSA), about 50% of the fawn crop dispersed when deer densities ranged from 7.7 to 17.0 per 100 ha of forest each spring. The key to maintaining deer within heavily hunted ranges lies In the number of female emigrants available each spring on protected refuges and larger forests. Large harvests on these refuges may depress female emigration as surviving females could settle on vacant ranges on or close to their mothers' ranges instead of emigrating
(Nelson and Mech 1987). Male dispersals would likely continue at all density levels (Marchlngton and Hirth 1984). 13
Control of refuge deer numbers will require harvesting nearly 40% of the female population each year (Nixon 1988).
(4) The regression of the number of deer dispersing to a particular site on the distance of the site from the PCSA gave sane Indication on an expected stocking frequency of hunted ranges. For example, based on dispersal from this single refuge, areas within 10 km of the refuge might expect nearly 2/3rds as many emigrants to settle as an area 50 km away (.65 deer / year vs. .40 deer per year, Y = .7082 +
(-.0062) X). Obviously, this method for determining stocking potential of a particular site demands data from
larger, more varied samples, Ideally from a series of refuges representative of landscape conditions. Such data do not presently exist.
(5) The number of female emigrants available and whether the emigrant settles on a particular site depends on several factors, Including density at both locations,
available acceptable habitat, genetic makeup of the population (families differ in dispersal behavior), and distance from a source of emigrants (does may settle within the first vacant habitat).
(6) The use of electrophoretic protein variants to complement data on movement and breeding behavior may provide a means to del Ineate genetically heterozygous subpopulatlons associated with separate watersheds or even
Individual wintering sites within counties. Genotypes may prove useful in defining the limits of dispersal from 14
wintering sites and to identify the spacial extent of
breeding populations within counties and watersheds. (g)
Cost: Federal - $11,303; State - $3,768; Total $15,071
Literature Cited
Hahn, J.T. 1987. Illinois forest statistics, 1985. USDA Forest Service, Resource Bull. NC-103, St. Paul, Minn. 100pp. Nelson, M.E., and L.D. Mech. 1987. Demes within a northeastern Minnesota
deer population. Pages 27-40 in B.D. Chepko-Sade and Z.T. Halpin, eds. Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social structure
on population genetics. Univ. Chicago Press. 342pp. Nixon, C.M. 1988. Illinois deer Investigations. Ill. Dep. Conserv., Fed. Aid Wildl. Restor. Perf. Rep., Proj. W-87-R-9. 26 pp. 15
Final Report
Job No. VII-D-3; Title: Strategies for developing and managing systems
of secure wintering sites for deer in central
and northern Illinois.
Objectives: a. To determine the optimum density pattern and
distribution of secure wintering area for deer necessary to
restock all suitable summer habitats.
b. To determine the optimum size of refuges, their
landscape characteristics, and deer harvest strategies necessary
to minimize deer-human conflicts in and Immediately adjacent to
refuges.
c. To evaluate the establishment of temporary vs.
permanent refuges In areas where suitable summer range is present
and not fully occupied by deer and winter protection is not
presently available for deer.
d. To then develop possible strategies for managing
systems of secure wintering sites for deer In all or parts of 46
counties in Illinois where winter concentration behavior appears significant to sustaining the abundance of local and regional
deer herds.
(a) Final Report
Location of Wintering Sites
A preliminary listing of wintering sites was presented
in an earlier report (Nixon and Hansen 1986, W-87-R-7).
This listing attempted to locate specific sites used as 16
traditional wintering areas and to describe the landscape
characteristics of these sites using 10.36-km2 blocks as
samples of landscape (Nixon et al. 1988). Since that
report, analysis of the seasonal movements of deer marked in
Platt County (EC Illinois) has demonstrated the extent of
seasonal movements undertaken by farmland deer and
specifically, helped to define habitat requirements of deer
In winter and at other seasons when many deer disperse or migrate to other sites. Marked deer dispersed up to 162 km
and migrated up to 25 km from the Piatt County Study Area
(PCSA) (see Appendix 1). These data demonstrated that wintering sites should be considered only a part of a larger
landscape, one that includes summer ranges that may be
unacceptable habitat in winter but that offers predation
free, food abundant sites for migrants and short distance
dispersers to locate themselves In summer, rear young, and
become part of the breeding population. These demes or
breeding populations appear not to be exclusive breeding
groups associated with only a single wintering site such as
described for winter yards in Minnesota (Nelson and Mech
1987) but sites where breeding individuals from several
(many?) wintering sites Interact socially each fall. The
larger the wintering site, the more likely that deer within
20-30 km will associate with the site, either through
seasonal migration (some females) or by settling year long on the wintering site (about half of both sexes). In open, mild winters, these deer may remain away from the core (the 17 most protected site, either a refuge from hunting or large
-- > 400 ha--upland forest or both) of the site but when snows are frequent, most of the deer within migrating distance will return to the core area (see appendix 1).
We have examined wintering sites within 46 counties of central and northern Illinois where deer concentrate In winter and regrouped these sites according to landscape characteristics (such as contiguous forests, obvious forested corridors, larger refuges within scattered forests, etc.). These extended sites were usually located along watersheds, which provide natural forested corridors among landscapes dominated by agricultural fields and urban developments. Within these areas, scattered refuges (both public and private) provide deer with protection from hunting and act as a source for migrating and dispersing deer to restock ranges where deer suffer high mortality from hunting or, because of unsuitable environmental conditions
(such as flooding or small size and open condition in winter), are vacated In winter.
The revised listing of wintering sites shown in
Appendix 2 Includes location, a description of landscape characteristics developed from aerial photo Interpretation of 10.36-km2 sample blocks located to sample the core or most likely area of deer concentration during harsh winter weather, any available data regarding deer numbers on the wintering site, and a brief appraisal of future retention and possible threats to the Integrity of the site. 18
Regional summaries of habitat conditions within each
10.36-km2 sample block are shown In Table 10. Sites In
Region 1 had less cropland and more pastured forest than sites further south. Sites In Region 2 had less total forest, less young forest, and less open forest canopy than sites in other regions. Sites averaged between 200 and 300 ha of forest and contained more upland than bottomland forest--a reflection of avoidance of these floodprone habitats. High speed highways were uncommon in or adjacent to wintering sites but houses were fairly abundant--wintering sites were not wilderness In character-- but human activities tended to be aggregated within wintering sites and thus afforded deer considerable diurnal protection in other portions of each site.
Less than half of the identified wintering sites contained a publically owned refuge. Public refuges are most abundant in Regions 1 and 5 and least abundant In
Regions 3 and 6 (Table 11).
Dispersion of Wintering Sites Dispersion of sites where deer are known to winter in each Illinois county was determined using 3 procedures: the average distance between sites (km), the number and proportion of all townships where each contained 1 or more wintering sites, and the average number of sites per occupied township (Table 12). Sites were most abundant In
Deer Region 3 (westcentral) and least abundant In Region 5 19
(eastcentral), a reflection of the availability of upland forests today in these Regions. Because of present land use, fewer than half of the townships in the 46 counties examined contained at least 1 traditionally used wintering site.
Sites averaged < 9 km apart, with sites more scattered
In Deer Regions 1 and 5, areas with a more scattered forest pattern (Table 12). Sites In Stephenson, Winnebago, Ford,
Marshall, Champaign, Christian, Logan, and Platt counties were further apart, averaging 11.2 km between sites.
Except in Stephenson and Christian counties, all identified sites were closer to one another than the average migration distance of 13 km (N = 10 females) shown by marked does In Platt County. The present pattern of available wintering sites means that virtually all forested sites large enough to support deer In summer and falI are close enough to attract migrating and/or dispersing deer from existing wintering sites each spring.
The expanded area of the identified wintering sites (see Appendix 2) and the present distribution of deer in these counties mean that virtually all existing forest habitats are at present occupied by deer at some time during the year. Deer numbers can be augmented on these ranges only by: (1) creating additional refuge protection on existing wintering sites through change In ownership (public purchase or a more protectionist private owner) or; (2) public purchase of previously open lands and allowing them 20 to revert to habitats favored by deer (such as shrub-old field or upland forest types). Such public purchase occurs continuously as such agencies as County Forest Preserves,
Department of Conservation (State Parks and Conservation
Areas), and State Natural Area Commission expand their holdings. The near exponential increase in deer numbers In central and northern Illinois In the 1980's (at least a 50%
Increase In deer numbers In each county) precludes a serious discussion of land purchase for deer protection. This does not mean that refuge protection of deer is not Important In these counties, only that, at this time, land purchases and land use decisions will be made for reasons other than augmenting deer abundance.
Managing Refuges
Present Condition
Present management problems deal mostly with excessive deer numbers on many public refuges In Illinois. The task is to manage these populations to minimize damage to natural vegetation and crops, and yet provide enough dispersers or migratory deer to restock ranges depleted by hunters each fall.
The status of deer on these refuges during the 1980's may be Illustrated using data provided by deer marked on and adjacent to a 600-ha refuge In Piatt County (Table 13). A comparison between deer protected by refuge and deer exposed to hunting Illustrates how quickly these refuge populations 21 can reach nuisance proportions. Although pre-hunt refuge deer showed an annual rate of Increase of 11.9%, deer numbers In the absence of refuge declined an average of
15.3% per year (Table 13). At this rate of increase, deer numbers would double on the refuge each 8.4 years.
Data from a few refuges Indicate present deer numbers are high on many of these sites. Aerial surveys have counted a deer per 4-5 acre of refuge on 2 sites in recent years (150/mi2 ) (Table 14). Other sites range between 27 and 91 deer/ml 2 ) (Table 14). Witham and Jones (1988), using exclosures to measure the Impact of deer on forest vegetation In the Chicago area, Indicate densities between
20 and 30 deer/ml 2 represent the threshold density above which excessive browsing damage to vegetation may be expected. However, the Urban deer herds in the Chicago area do not have access to farm crops and may exert more browsing pressure on forest vegetation In winter than deer on most downstate refuges that have agricultural crops available at all times. Browsing did increase In Intensity when deer densities exceeded 36 deer/ml 2 on the 600-ha refuge In Platt
County, a rural site.
Many of these refuge populations are presently managed by some kind of limited harvest, usually less intrusive archery hunting but also using limited (by restrictive permit, or special hunts such as youth, handicapped, etc.) firearm hunting. In most cases these harvests are conservative, because of public opposition to hunting on 22 some of these sites, the often large areas of inviolate refuge (lake shores, camp grounds, natural areas, etc.) that limit hunter access to all portions of a refuge, and the real fear of public harm due to careless use of weapons.
Only on a few sites, such as Sangchrls Lake State Park in
Christian County have hunters been free to remove large numbers of deer.
All wintering sites with at least some public ownership were examined to determine the status of deer on these areas, the extent of crop damage on farms surrounding these lands, and the harvests of deer by hunters. These data are summarized In Table 15 and Indicate: (1) As noted above, hunting has been conservative on these sites but has been increasing as deer numbers have increased; (2) In winter
1988-89, deer were present In excessive numbers (in terms of excessive browsing on existing vegetation) on a number of areas--Castle Rock State Park, Ogle County, Chain O'Lakes
State Park, McHenry-Lake counties, Lake Le-Aqua-Na State
Park, Stephenson County, Rock Cut State Park, Winnebago
County, Morrison-Rockwood State Park, Whiteside County,
Shabbona Lake State Park, DeKalb County, Goose Lake Prairie
State Park, Grundy County, and Jubilee College State Park,
Peoria County; (3) Deer are also a problem on County Forest
Preserves (Severson, Winnebago County; Russell, DeKalb
County; Sauk, WIll County; Salt Fork; Champaign County and the Vermilion County Preserves) and State Nature Preserves
(Castle Rock, Ogle County, and Sand Prairie-Shrub Oak, Mason 23
County) that are closed to all hunting. The Jol let
Arsenal: DesPlalnes Conservation area complex in Will
County also has an overabundance of deer although portions are hunted.
A calculation of the number of man-days required for archery and firearm hunters to kill a deer Is shown In Table
16 for selected public areas in central and northern
IIllnois. Hunter success for archers was better In November than October (many areas were closed to archers In December) but still required about 75 man-days per deer killed
(man-day = 1 hunter per day). The Increased activity of both sexes during the peak of the breeding season in
November undoubtedly helped archers see and kill more deer.
Illinois hunters on public lands were not as successful as other archery hunters In the Midwest. In South Dakota, archery hunters required 55 man days per deer killed
(McPhIlips et al. 1985). On the Crane Area In Indiana where deer are abundant, archers required only 24 man-days per harvested deer (Stormer et al. 1979). In Iowa hunter success differed between types of bows used, with hunters using compound bows more successful (60 man-days) than hunters using recurved bows (68 man-days per deer)
(Gladfelter et al. 1983). Only Wisconsin archers killed deer with hunting pressures comparable to Illinois hunters
(152 man-days/deer) (McCaffery and Haberland 1983).
Firearm hunters on public lands were somewhat more successful In November (30 man-days per deer killed) 24 compared with December (32 man-days). Overall, firearm hunters were about 6 times more likely to kill a deer than archers on these public forests (Table 16).
Management Methods
Intelligent management of deer on the public lands requires some knowledge of deer numbers on a continuing basis and the relationship of deer density to the integrity of the natural vegetation on each area In question.
Excessive deer damage to private property will be promptly reported but the slow degradation of forest understory vegetation due to deer browsing is not always noticed until considerable damage has already occurred. Without some knowledge of actual deer numbers on each site, management efforts will be guesswork and more difficult to sell to the publ Ic.
The Minimum Requirements for a Management Program: (1) The most cost effective deer census method available Is an aerial count over an adequate snow cover using a helicopter. The availability of the helicopter and pilot may be a problem but deer counts would not be necessary on each area every year; 2- to 3-year Intervals would be sufficient for management purposes. Snow cover should exceed 4-5 Inches of dry (wet snow coats understorles and blocks the view of the ground) snow in order to cover stumps and other dark objects on the forest floor. Counts 25
should use either 1 or 2 observers, should utilize a
transect flight pattern with transects far enough apart to
minimize counting the same deer twice, and should fly high
enough to reduce deer fright behavior. In winters that are mild, deer may not be closely grouped at the time of a
census, and the aerial search should extend outward a mile
or so from the boundaries of the publlc area to include deer likely to spend some time on the site. Use of the same flight team to census several areas
within each District or Deer Region would be cost effective and provide more complete counts as counting ability Improves with experience. Because deer cannot be seen under a canopy of conifers, deer would have to be driven from such cover by area personnel Just before the aerial count. Deer are most likely to be concentrated on a wintering site between 15 January and 15 March, after migrations are completed and before spring dispersals and migrations begin (see Appendix 1).
(2) In the more southern counties of Illinois, and throughout the state during seasons other than winter, snow cover Is scarce or absent. The most cost effective counting technique for these periods Is the walking transect, which, once establ shed with trained personnel at hand, can be
undertaken at any time. Line transects should be oriented
In a cardinal directlon (N-S or E-W) should be located about
0.5 ml apart to minimize dupllcate counts, and should be sufficient to uniformly cover the area of Interest. 26
Transects may be searched during any season, but to derive
In-season variability of counts, should be replicated 6-8 times each season (if winter densities are the principal objective, conduct counts only in winter). Pre-hunt and post-hunt counts seem to offer the best means of evaluating deer control strategies on each area.
Transects should be well marked so the observer can concentrate on observing deer. Starting at sunrise, transects should be search by walking Into the wind If possible (a cross wind Is acceptable but do not attempt census with wind at observers back). For each deer observation, the observer records the number of deer seen and either the right angled distance or sighting angle between the observer and the deer as well as the sighting distance from observer to the deer, using a compass (angles to the nearest degree) and optical range finder (sighting distance in meters) (Burnham et al. 1980). Data can be quickly analyzed with the computer program LINETRAN (Gates
1980) and will provide estimates of deer numbers per mi2 .
(3) The status of the forest (and prairie If available) vegetation should also be monitored on a continuing basis. Use of exclosures paired with unfenced controls provide data on species abundance with and without deer browsing pressure. Transect line Intercept measurements (species counts along narrow lines located at random) can be used to measure species abundance and growth
Inside and outside deer exclosures (Muel ler-Dumbois and 27
Ellenburg 1974). Exclosures also serve to impart
Information regarding the deer: vegetation relationship to the public at large. If all vegetation is to be measured, exclosures must be fenced to a height of 8 feet or so; If only woody seedling and herbaceous plant densities are of
Interest, covered exclosures need to be only 1 meter or so in height, may be portable as needed, and are not expensive to build or maintain.
(4) Based upon the measured Impact of deer on the vegetation within the forest preserves of Cook County
(Witham and Jones 1988) and a rural refuge In EC Illinois
(see Appendix 1), deer numbers In winter that exceed 35 deer/ml 2 of forest will adversely affect the vegetation complex on the area. The degree of isolation of the wintering area (the core refuge and surrounding scattered forests and agricultural lands) from other forests
(affecting the amount of aggregation on the core area) and ease of escape (forested corridors that allow deer to migrate or disperse) will determine the level of deer abundance that begins to damage the vegetation. Isolated wintering sites without access to agriculture crops will support fewer deer without adverse browsing pressure
(perhaps 20-30 deer/ml 2 , (Wltham and Jones 1988).
(5) For most refuges In central and northern Illinois, the sex and age structure will approximate that shown in
Table 16 for pre-hunt, post-hunt, and pre-fawning periods.
Simulation modelling of selected counties in central and 28 northern Illinois indicates between 30 and 40% of the females must be removed before populations stop increasing under present mortality rates (Nixon 1988). Using a 35% removal rate, managers would need to remove 18 females for each 100 deer present In the pre-hunt population (Table 17).
Under the present "any deer" type of hunting permit, hunters are averaging about a 12% success rate for yearling and older does (Nixon 1988). To kill 18 females per 100 deer at this success rate would require 150 hunters per 100 deer present on the refuge. Using the hunter success data for all deer killed by firearm hunters on public lands shown in
Table 16, about 33 man-days per deer killed, would require
99 hunters (594 man-days) hunting all 6 days of the present deer season. The large numbers of hunters required when using the present "any deer" type permits may be too great for many of the public refuges.
(6) Harvest management and hunting efficiency (the highest kill using the smallest number of hunters) on the public lands seem to require use of a new permit, an
"antlerless only" permit, to better control deer without excessive hunter densities. Harvests of females should
Increase considerably when hunters are not searching for an antlered deer.
(7) Using archers to control deer on the public lands also requires use of an "antlerless only" permit. At present about 70% of the archery kill is male and such a sex bias In the harvest on the public lands requires a very 29
large number of archers to achieve a kill of 35% of the
resident females. For example, to kill 18 females, with a
70% male sex ratio in the kill, requires 11,895 man-days
(195 man-days per deer killed X 61 deer (18 females)) for each 100 deer present on the refuge (Tables 15 & 16).
(8) Costs and man-days required for alternative
methods of deer removal have been Investigated by the Cooperative Urban Deer Study and may be reviewed in annual
reports from that project (Witham and Jones 1984-1988). Such alternatives may be necessary on small sites heavily impacted by other human activities where hunting Is not a viable option and some deer reduction is necessary. Costs
of these alternative methods are high and generally much
more manpower Intensive than the hunting option. (b) Target Date for Achievement: 1 August 1989. (c) Date of Accomplishment: On Schedule. (d) Significant Deviations: None.
(e) Remarks: None. (f) Recommendations: Refuges from deer hunting will continue to develop as
additional lands are purchased by various public agencies. There will be no land purchase for deer per se, based on the current success of the species in Illinois. Management of
these refuge deer herds will be a continuing problem and
managers must adopt a regional management perspective,
concerned with deer abundance and seasonal movement patterns
both on and away from the refuge. I have recommended some 30
methods for censusing deer and monitoring vegetation and
also showed expected hunting success for archers and firearm
hunters on these refuges.
The location of the wintering sites listed in Appendix
2 should be Incorporated within an existing computer data
base to enable publ ic agencies to monitor the status of
these sites. The continued presence of refuges is
particularly important to deer populations located wherever
forest cover Is scarce (<10% of the landscape) In central
and northern Illinois. Those sites presently without public protection are vulnerable to conversion to a land use that displaces deer.
(g) Cost: Federal - $22,606; State - $7,535; Total - $30,141
Literature Cited
Burnham, K.P., D.R. Anderson, and J.L. Laake. 1980. Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildl. Monogr. 72. 202p.
Gates, C.E. 1980. LINETRAN, a general computer program for analyzing line-transect data. J. Wildl. Manage. 44:658-661. Gladfelter, H.L., J.M, Klenzler, and K.J. Koehler. 1983. Effects of compound bow use on deer hunter success and crippling rates in Iowa. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11:7-11.
McCaffery, K.R., and G.P. Haberland. 1983. Archery hunting impacts on
Wisconsin deer. Pages 131-145 In K.H. Beattle and B.A. Moss eds.
Proc. Midwest Bowhuntlng Conf., Wisconsin Chap., The Wlldl. Soc. 31
McPhillips, K.P., R.L. Linder, and W.A. Wentz. 1985. Nonreporting,
success, and wounding by South Dakota deer bowhunters-1981. Wildl.
Soc. Bull. 13:395-398.
Mueller-Dumbols, D., and H. Ellenberg. 1974. Alms and methods of
vegetation ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 547p.
Nelson, M.E., and L.D, Mech. 1987. Demes within a northeastern Minnesota
deer population. Pages 27-40 in B.D. Chepko-Sade and Z.T. Halpin,
eds. Mammalian dispersal patterns: The effects of social structure
on population genetics. Unlv. Chicago Press. 342pp.
Nixon, C.M., and L.P. Hansen. 1986. Illinois deer investigations. III.
Dep. Conserv., Fed. Aid Wildl. Restor. Perf. Rep., Proj. W-87-R-7.
56pp.
, __ , and P.A. Brewer. 1988. Characteristics of winter habitats
used by deer In Illinois. J. Wildl. Manage. 52:552-555.
Stormer, F.A., C.M. Kirkpatrick, and T.W. Hoekstra. 1979. Hunter
inflicted wounding of white-tailed deer. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 7:10-16.
Wltham, J.H., and J.M. Jones. 1988. Biology, ecology and management of
deer in the Chicago metropolitan area. III. Dep. Conserv., Fed. Aid
Wildl. Restor. Perf. Rep., Proj. W-87-R-9. 28pp. 32
Report of Progress
Job No. VII-D-4; Title: Data analysis and preparation of manuscripts
and reports.
Objectives: To prepare manuscripts and reports from the results
of project study investigations and to help defer the cost of
printing these reports.
(a) Activity:
One manuscript was submitted to the American Midland
Naturalist for publication during this segment:
Nixon, C.M., P.A. Brewer, and L.P. Hansen.
White-tailed doe tolerates nursing by non-offspring.
The manuscript titled "Life history and ecology of
white-tailed deer In an Intensively farmed region of
Illinois" (see Appendix 1) was the principal writing project
during the W-87-R-10 segment. This manuscript Is undergoing
final editing at the Natural History Survey and will be
submitted to The Wildlife Society for consideration as a
WildlIfe Monograph.
(b) Target Date of Achievement: 1 August 1989. (c) Date of Accomplishment: Same. (d) Significant Deviations: None. (e) Remarks: None.
(f) Recommendations: None.
(g) Cost: Federal - $18,888; State - $6,280; Total - $25,118 33
PREPARED BY:
Charles M. Nixon Forest Wildlife Ecologist II Ilnols Natural History Survey
APPROVED BY:
Glen C. Sanderson, Director Center for Wildlife Ecology Illinois Natural History Survey
DATE: 31 August 1989 Table 1. The 1987 and 1988 reported firearm harvest in Illinois.
No. Percent No. Percent Percent Age Bucks of Bucks Does of Does Total of Total
1987
0.5 10,170 38 5,727 36 15,897 37
1.5 9,993 41 4,660 29 14,653 36
2.5 4,400 18 3,284 21 7,684 19
3.5 1,963 8 1,509 10 3,472 9 4.5 580 2 646 4 1,226 3 SEX MAKEUP OF KILL 27,106 Bucks 63% Bucks 15,826 Does 37% Does Total Kill = 42,932 Number of Hunters = 100,069 Percent of Hunters Successful = 42.9
1988
0.5 7,882 27 5,855 31 13,737 29 1.5 12,928 45 5,549 30 18,477 39 2.5 5,383 19 4,069 22 9,452 20 3.5 2,259 8 1,723 9 3,982 8 4.5 429 2 1,428 8 1,857 4
SEX MAKEUP OF KILL 28,881 Bucks 61% Bucks 18,624 Does 39% Does Total Kill = 47,505 Number of Hunters = 114,470 Percent of Hunters Successful = 41.5 Table 2. Changes In deer harvest, hunter success, and number of hunters In
1988 compared with these data In 1987.
Change from 1987 (%)
Region County Harvest Number Hunters Hunter Success
1 Boone +33.3 +16.7 +13.9 Carroll + 2.9 + 0.6 + 2.0 Jo Daviess +11.7 + 8.0 + 3.2 McHenry +40.2 +34.3 + 3.5 Ogle + 7.9 + 7.3 No change Stephenson + 2.5 +14.9 -11.3 Winnebago +11.7 + 8.7 No change Whiteside +21.7 +15.3 + 6.2
2 Bureau + 3.8 +10.4 - 6.4 Dekalb +21 .1 + 6.9 +11.7 Ford - 2.9 +12.9 -13.9 Grundy +18.7 +31.7 -10.7 Henry +24.7 +27.5 No change Iroquois + 4.8 +21.5 -13.3 Kankakee +83.6 +45.1 +25.4 Kendall - 8.8 No change - 9.1 LaSalle +15.3 +25.1 - 8.4 Lee +24.6 +6.4 +17.2 Livingston - 3.8 + 3.5 - 7.6 McLean +24.2 + 37.1 -10.0 Stark +13.3 +37.4 -17.8 Will +41.0 +24.3 +12.0 Henderson +23.5 +26.5 No change Knox + 2.6 + 5.7 - 3.7 Marshal I + 3.1 + 5.6 No change Mason +21.4 + 8.9 -11.9 Mercer + 6.3 +23.7 -14.2 Peoria +26.4 +27.1 No change Putnam - 2.9 +13.0 -14.5 Rock Island No change +20.3 -17.4 Tazewel I +29.4 +40.4 - 7.1 Warren + 5.1 + 8.6 - 2.5 Woodford - 5.6 +10.7 -13.9
Adams + 8.6 + 9.4 No change Brown +12.0 +21.4 - 7.4 Cal houn +30.1 +28.8 No change Cass +11.2 +12.0 No change
Table 2 - continued. Table 2. Continued - page 2.
Fulton - 5.3 +11.9 -16.0 Greene +20.2 +19.0 No change Hancock + 8.1 +14.1 - 4.5 Jersey +11.4 +26.1 -11.5 Macoupin + 2.9 +10.5 - 7.7 McDonough +15.4 +16.9 No change Morgan +18.4 +26.2 - 5.9 Pike + 6.3 + 7.9 No change Schuyler + 2.3 +15.6 -12.1 Scott +12.3 +22.5 - 8.4 Champaign + 8.3 + 5.3 No change Christian +12.8 +40.6 -19.0 Dew tt +25.1 +26.3 No change Logan +12.6 +27.5 -12.4 Macon +40.2 +38.7 No change Menard - 5.5 + 3.6 - 9.3 Moul tr e + 2.9 + 6.7 - 4.0 Platt + 2.9 +18.7 -13.8 Sangamon +30.1 +38.3 - 5.0 Clark + 4.9 +14.7 - 8.7 Coles +58.9 +65.3 - 2.8 Crawford +47.7 +53.2 - 3.9 Cumberl and +25.4 +25.2 No change Douglas -13.9 - 2.9 -12.1 Edgar -12.3 + 4.3 -16.0 Edwards + 6.1 +12.4 - 6.7 Jasper +32.2 +25.8 + 4.6 Lawrence +48.1 +51.9 - 3.0 Richl and +41.7 +47.7 + 5.2 VermI ion +28.2 +42.4 -10.0 Wabash No change +17.8 -15.4 Bond +42.1 +34.7 No change Clay +33.1 +24.7 + 5.7 Clinton +14.4 +21.4 - 7.3 Effingham +31.1 +33.6 No change Fayette +14.3 +12.4 No change Frankl in + 5.5 +16.4 - 9.7 Hamilton + 1.8 + 7.1 - 3.9 Jefferson +15.7 +19.3 - 3.4 Madison + 5.1 +16.1 -10.3 Marlon +18.0 +20.8 - 3.1 Monroe - 4.8 +11.9 -14.2 Montgomery +17.1 +26.7 - 6.9 Perry +12.6 +17.1 - 4.3 Randolph + 9.2 +12.9 - 3.5
Table 2 - continued. Table 2. Continued - page 3.
Shelby +22.6 +28.3 - 4.3 St. Clair + 7.1 +15.2 - 7.6 Wash ngton No change +11.0 - 9.6 Wayne - 2.3 +23.3 -21.1 White +29.9 +35.7 - 2.1
8 Alexander - 7.6 +10.9 -17.2 Gal latin + 6.5 +12.9 - 5.1 Hardin - 3.4 + 8.3 -10.8 Jackson +13.9 +19.4 - 4.1 Johnson + 3.9 +11.5 - 7.8 Massac +21.2 +30.9 - 6.6 Pope - 16.4 No change -17.6 Pulaski +12.3 + 8.3 No change Saline - 3.8 + 8.6 -12.4 Union + 3.4 +11.9 - 6.6 Wil liamson + 8.9 +14.7 - 6.1 '0 o ino0 S00 o i'n o o in in C) L o•O nLqo ' o0 Co w- •t •- • i t. oo 04 CN O C 000 qt in• o
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"- ) COO " c n ) LO c c 0 - L C -- O0 0 > 0j . 0 O C0cr - 0 c. CO4-0 E LC r- .C a( -t 0S- O --0 0 .+- L+-M La ) U) LU OC . 00 -0OcO (00 (U0 Ce C 0)U) S - L. 0 o 00-0o ( - (0 t- (1)0LL. _L C) Lu -0I-jJ HJ O0 c 0) 0)
(D 0) C U) a-- U) C0) = SD CD 0 -0 + 7^ SI CD (D -+ 00 "-II (D Na O0 S_ -& -4 0 00 0 0 00 X 1D0) ++ + + + + a -O0 Cac -O %04bPb %1. =-F - * 0* CD 7 IU)n +7+ )I ,. , +. -4(- U4) ON S11 I %0I I 4 . 0) (D -'- I I OA too ON a VO -00 jJ 4t MDh%CP ) -" I 0 I 0 = I I < * ^ OD-- 'D I 0 I O1 .II0 337 -j hO 0 00 -h C) I * I * * 0) 7 =r 0 ».1 4 U* 00U 1 00 J1 I ) I L 0 I100 I -0 0A0 I . I <* o· ho I U0 -' 01 I04J I 04 P, 0J 1 0 II oo0- I * I --.. %A & -. I - C %*0 ON 00 0 D0 -7 O 00 ' --0oA0 0 '0 00 'O Jih0 0a (D t) 4 04 04 N3 C)00 =, Table 4. Estimated 1988 total and proportional deer harvests (total archery and firearm) of males and females for 27 counties in Illinols. Estimated Estimated Prehunt Total Percent Population Harvest Harvested Region County Male Female Male Female Male Female Jo Daviess 2,498 2,728 1,347 900 53.9 32.9 Stephenson 804 878 465 304 57.8 34.6 WInnebago 912 995 554 304 60.7 30.6 2 Dekalb 351 383 230 88 65.5 22.9 Iroquois 671 733 452 215 67.4 29.3 Lee 1,115 1,217 464 259 41 .6 21.3 Fulton 1,252 1,368 905 510 72.3 37.3 Peoria 1,069 1,168 514 314 48.1 26.9 Schuyler 1,106 1,207 633 407 57.2 33.7 Woodfor d 750 819 350 216 46.7 26.4 Adams 2,664 2,909 1,510 999 56.7 34.3 Macoupin 1,010 1,103 679 335 67.2 30.4 Champaign 349 381 234 102 67.0 26.8 Dew tt 462 504 287 142 62.1 28.2 Menard 546 597 263 136 48.2 22.8 Platt 195 213 138 67 70.7 31.5 Sangamon 622 680 426 200 68.5 29.4 Edgar 455 496 291 150 63.9 30.2 Jasper 945 1,032 630 396 66.7 38.4 Lawrence 533 583 375 185 70.4 31.7 Wabash 327 358 171 120 52.3 33.5 Clay 806 880 440 285 54.6 32.4 Madison 484 528 335 170 69.2 32.2 St. Clair 864 943 459 308 53.1 32.7 Johnson 1,754 1,915 890 546 50.7 28.5 Saline 936 1,022 396 251 42.3 24.6 Union 1,955 2,134 902 530 46.1 24.8 Table 5. Counties where requests for 1st choice "any deer" permits exceeded the number provided In 1988. Requests for Percent of 1st Choice 1st Choice Region County County Provided Boone 409 73 Jo Dav less 3,109 80 McHenry 1,325 64 Ogle 1,433 91 Stephenson 1,091 92 Dekalb 427 94 Grundy 710 83 Iroquoi s 722 62 Kankakee 402 99 LaSalle 1,298 69 Lee 908 99 Livingston 492 81 McLean 627 96 Will 559 72 Fulton 1,891 95 Peoria 1,303 73 Tazewel I 806 81 Woodford 728 96 Adams 2,440 98 Greene 756 93 Morgan 724 97 Pike 2,392 92 Dewitt 429 93 Moul trie 423 71 Sangamon 740 81 6 Crawford 612 98 Edgar 491 81 Jasper 574 87 Verm II Ion 822 67 7 Bond 604 66 Clay 535 93 Fayette 1,166 69 Franklin 885 71 Table 5 - continued. Table 5. Continued - page 2 Jefferson 1,222 82 Madison 717 56 Marion 907 88 Monroe 1,102 91 Montgomery 701 61 Perry 1,193 84 Randolph 1,801 72 St. Clair 951 53 Washington 1,059 80 Wayne 608 90 8 Hard n 1,321 95 Johnson 2,179 73 Pope North 3,304 91 Union 2,306 78 WIlIliamson 1,664 84 Table 6. Counties with excess 1st choice permits available in 1988. Number Number Region County Available Requested 1 Carroll 1,600 1,427 Whiteside 1,100 462 2 Bureau 1,600 919 Henry 700 366 Stark 350 106 3 Henderson 1,200 403 Marshal I 900 467 Mason 650 606 Mercer 1,500 607 Putnam 500 366 Rock Island 1,100 739 Warren 500 381 4 Brown 1,500 1,108 Hancock 1,800 1,470 McDonough 1,000 459 Schuyler 1,300 1,170 Scott 600 287 5 Champaign 350 266 Logan 400 357 Macon 300 267 Menard 500 377 Platt 300 207 6 Douglas 300 246 Edwards 400 345 Lawrence 500 426 Richland 400 363 Wabash 350 278 7 Ham lton 800 751 8 Alexander 1,150 747 Massac 400 211 Pope South 1,100 723 Pulaski 550 441 Table 7. Linear regressions describing the relationships between harvest and hunting pressure for counties where R2 values exceeded 0.77. Regression was used to estimate harvests for a given number of hunters. Regression If Number Expected Region County Equation R 2 Hunters Are Harvest A 2 Iroquois Y = -123.81 +(0.648)X 0.934 725 346 700 330 Permits Issued In 1988 = 717 Reported firearm harvest = 306 A Kendall Y = -92.76 +(0.616)X 0.799 325 107 300 92 Permits issued in 1988 = 310 Reported firearm harvest = 93 A Livingston Y = -112.52 +(0.589)X 0.889 450 152 500 182 600 241 Permits Issued In 1988 = 587 Reported firearm harvest = 229 A 3 Fulton Y = -339.91 +(0.537)X 0.922 2,450 976 2,500 1,003 Permits Issued In 1988 = 2,415 Reported firearm harvest = 876 Woodford Y = -212.01 +(0.608)X 0.870 925 350 950 366 Permits Issued In 1988 = 912 Reported firearm harvest = 340 A Logan Y = -133.03 +(0.784)X 0.780 475 239 500 259 Permits Issued In 1988 = 468 Reported firearm harvest = 205 Table 7 - continued. Table 7. Continued - page 2. A Menard Y = -189.11 +(0.673)X 0.811 700 282 750 316 Permits Issued In 1988 = 657 Reported firearm harvest = 257 A 6 Douglas Y = -85.208 +(0.559)X 0.870 400 138 450 166 Permits Issued in 1988 = 371 Reported firearm harvest = 126 A Edgar Y = -107.98 0.957 +(0.678)X 575 282 600 299 Permits Issued In 1988 = 528 Reported firearm harvest = 224 Wabash Y = -91.76 +(0.658)X 0.846 450 204 500 237 Permits Issued In 1988 = 397 Reported firearm harvest = 169 A 7 Monroe Y = -282.75 +(0.564)X 0.916 1,700 676 1,800 732 Permits issued In 1988 = 1,609 Reported firearm harvest = 600 A Wayne Y = -145.84 +(0.59)X 0.870 950 415 1,000 444 Permits Issued in 1988 = 894 Reported firearm harvest = 333 Table 8. Recommended "any deer" and antlered firearm hunting permits for each county In 1989. Permits Issued In 1988 Percent Change in "any deer" Permits Region County "Any Deer" "Antlered Only" Recommended for 1989 1 Boone 315 50 +5 Carroll 1,680 160 +5 Jo Daviess 2,750 350 +10 McHenry 935 110 +16 Ogle 1,365 210 + 5 Stephenson 1,000 85 No change Whiteside 1,210 100 +10 W nnebago 1,210 110 +10 2 Bureau 1,600 155 No change Dekalb 440 70 +10 Ford 143 27 -5 Grundy 660 75 +10 Henry 770 100 +10 Iroquois 428 57 -5 Kankakee 440 40 +10 Kendall 225 65 -10 LaSal le 900 130 No change Lee 990 135 +10 Livingston 360 115 -10 McLean 600 80 No change Stark 333 47 - 5 Will 440 60 +10 3 Henderson 1,320 115 +10 Knox 1,200 150 No change Marshal I 945 90 +5 Mason 682 90 +5 Mercer 1,500 130 No change Peoria 997 130 +5 Putnam 475 100 -5 Rock Island 990 200 -10 Tazewel I 682 80 +5 Warren 525 100 + 5 Woodford 630 130 -10 4 Adams 2,640 350 +10 Brown 1,500 175 No change Calhoun 1,100 100 +5 Cass 880 100 +10 Table 8 - continued. Table 8. Continued - page 2. Fulton 1,800 250 No change Greene 735 100 +5 Hancock 1,890 300 +5 Jersey 600 75 No change Macoupin 650 100 No change McDonough 1,050 100 +5 Morgan 700 80 No change Pike 2,420 300 +10 Schuyler 1,300 200 No change Scott 600 100 No change 5 Champaign 385 35 +10 Christian 500 50 No change Dewitt 440 50 +10 Logan 380 50 -5 Macon 330 40 +10 Menard 475 125 -5 Moultrie 300 50 No change Platt 315 50 + 5 Sangamon 630 50 + 5 6 Clark 700 40 No change Coles 630 60 + 5 Crawford 630 60 + 5 Cumberl and 550 35 +10 Douglas 270 90 -10 Edgar 340 95 -15 Edwards 400 35 No change Jasper 550 70 +10 Lawrence 525 40 +5 Richland 440 40 +10 Verm lion 577 30 +5 Wabash 333 47 -5 7 Bond 440 50 +10 Clay 550 50 +10 Clinton 1,007 150 +5 Effingham 577 32 +5 Fayette 920 110 +15 Franklin 650 110 No change Hamilton 800 125 No change Jefferson 1,050 150 +5 Madison 400 60 No change Marion 840 120 +5 Monroe 900 245 -10 Montgomery 446 60 + 5 Perry 1,000 150 No change Randolph 1,365 200 +5 Table 8 - continued. Table 8. Continued - page 3. Shelby 750 100 No change St. Clair 525 80 +5 Washington 850 150 No change Wayne 495 60 +10 White 660 75 +10 8 Alexander 1,093 257 -10 Gal latin 750 120 No change Hardin 1,188 262 -5 Jackson 2,000 300 No change Johnson 1,520 355 - 5 Massac 400 70 No change Pope 3,690 550 -10 Pulaski 577 100 +5 Saline 1,100 150 No change Union 1,800 200 No change WilI Iamson 1,470 150 + 5 Table 9. Regression of harvests (Y) on first quarter (Jan-Mar), 2nd quarter (April-June), and 6 month (Jan-June) road kills (X) in each Region. Deer Region Road Kill Period Regression Equation R 2 A 1st quarter Y 297.88 + (5.735)X .02 2nd quarter 321.53 + (1.725)X .002 6 months ? 307.04 + (1.86)X .009 2 1st quarter 105.51 + (6.16)X .08 2nd quarter 84.6 + (7.01)X .16 6 months 90.57 + (3.77)X .14 3 1st quarter 259.47 (13.65)X .09 2nd quarter 259.88 (8.508)X .07 6 months 253.56 (5.86)X .08 A 4 1st quarter Y 138.15 + (48.94)X .44 2nd quarter ? 84.04 + (43.99)X .48 6 months 79.58 + (25.71)X .51 1st quarter 61.31 + (10.84)X .24 2nd quarter 68.58 + (4.47)X .12 6 months 62.57 + (3.68)X .18 1st quarter 76.03 + (14.29)X .31 2nd quarter 82.11 + (9.43)X .20 6 months 74.92 + (6.31)X .27 1st quarter Y 165.49 + (11.89)X .15 2nd quarter 187.14 + (6.15)X .05 6 months 172.06 + (4.76)X .11 1st quarter Y 279.01 + (22.16)X .21 2nd quarter 292.79 + (19.74)X .14 9 6 months 277.44 + (11.26)X .19 Table 10. Regional means ( X ) and standard errors (SE) for variables describing the landscape, human presence, and topographic relief found In 10.36-km 2 sites of deer concentration In winter. Deer Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Number of sites 19 102 89 16 33 27 4 290 Private ownership (%) X 84.3 88.7 a 93.2 92.2 89.0 92.9 56.0 90.0 b SE 5.36 2.32 4.10 5.25 3.02 2.89 18.69 1.21 Total Forest (ha) 1 X 312.5 194.1 322.3 291.2 212.7 277.7 214.1 256.7 SE 42.55 12.02 14.19 47.74 14.75 19.42 25.78 9.23 Hardwoods >50% X 280.0 172.5 252.6 233.2 161.6 245.0 187.6 213.2 closure (ha) J SE 50.14 11.43 15.28 46.72 12.26 19.22 28.09 8.10 Upland >50% closure 50+ years, not X 144.9 79.2 204.3 112.3 83.2 189.0 149.4 135.4 pastured (ha) k SE 36.18 7.23 13.74 14.51 8.50 20.08 21.43 6.7 Upland >50% closure, 50+ years, pasture X 112.9 46.5 6.9 11.8 8.6 7.4 6.4 27.4 (ha) I SE 31.88 6.55 1.27 2.78 1.27 1.18 2.37 3.35 Upland >50% closure, <50 years, not X 20.7 9.6 19.3 29.5 33.5 24.3 19.5 18.6 pastured (ha) m SE 16.21 1.93 2.86 5.95 5.36 3.80 9.87 1.76 Upland >50% closure, <50 years, pasture X 12.3 c 3.2 1 .8 5.0 3.5 1.2 0 3.2 d (ha) n SE 5.75 0.72 0.97 1.69 1.83 1.50 -- 0.57 Bottom >50% closure, 50+ years, not X 7.3 24.4 15.8 50.5 26.4 20.4 12.3 21.7 pastured (ha) SE 4.26 6.86 5.33 36.05 8.01 3.60 7.73 3.66 Bottom >50% closure, 50+ years, pasture X 0 c 3.3 0 0 1 .9 0.2 0 1.4 (ha) SE - 0.98 -- -- 1.32 0.22 - 0.39 Bottom >50% closure, <50 years, not X 1.0 2.6 0.9 24.1 5.0 2.5 0 3.4 pastured (ha) SE 0.85 0.97 0.62 23.43 1.73 0.75 -- m 1.36 Bottom >50% closure, <50 years, pasture X 0 c 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 d (ha) SE -- 0.15 -- -- . ------0.05 Table 10 - continued. Table 10. Continued - page 2. Hardwoods <50% x 54.1 21.3 52.7 57.9 49.0 32.5 26.6 39.4 closure (ha) o SE 11.11 2.32 4.87 8.63 7.15 2.21 12.07 2.25 Upland <50% closure, 50+ years, not X 1.4 0.7 11.1 4.1 4.0 2.0 4.1 4.6 pastured (ha) SE 0.87 0.28 2.07 1 .13 1.28 0.51 1.58 0.71 Upland <50% closure, 50+ years, pasture X 23.8 c 11.4 19.6 16.3 11.3 15.5 18.0 15.4 d (ha) SE 5.57 1.80 2.48 4.03 2.47 1.49 9.77 1.14 Upland <50% closure, <50 years, not X 4.4 1.1 7.9 12.2 11.7 2.2 0.3 5.3 pastured (ha) SE 3.20 0.40 2.79 4.59 3.71 0.72 0.25 1.04 Upland <50% closure, <50 years, pasture X 24.3 c 5.8 13.0 25.1 12.0 10.9 3.0 11.3 d (ha) SE 5.73 1 .06 3.08 6.55 2.23 1.29 2.95 1.21 Bottom <50% closure, 50+ years, not X 3.5 6.6 0.1 0.1 7.1 0.6 1.3 3.5 pastured (ha) SE 3.55 6.33 0.06 0.10 3.53 0.34 1.30 2.27 Bottom <50% closure, 50+ years, pasture X 0.8 c 1.0 0.5 0 0.8 0.3 0 0.7 (ha) SE 0.83 0.34 0.29 0.43 0.19 0.17 Bottom <50% closure, <50 years, not X 2.2 1.0 0.3 0 1.6 0.5 0 0.8 pastured (ha) SE 2.22 0.51 0.20 -- 0.98 0.29 0.26 Bottom <50% closure, <50 years, pasture X 1.6 c 0.6 0.3 0 0.4 0.5 0 0.5 d (ha) SE 1.46 0.23 0.23 - 0.23 0.35 -I- 0.14 Shrub-Oldfield (ha) X 36.8 37.5 24.2 28.1 37.2 32.3 34.3 32.3 SE 18.75 11.77 4.48 5.27 8.10 3.98 11.29 4.64 Railroad Right of X 1.6 1.5 0.5 0 11.5 3.6 15.4 2.7 Way (ha) P SE 1.20 0.36 0.18 -- 4.15 2.22 15.38 0.60 Cropland (ha) q 585.0 704.6 637.3 626.1 708.5 683.1 611.4 668.9 54.10 19.15 16.23 51.12 21.32 21.65 71.88 10.24 SEX Conifers (ha) 5.6 1.6 4.2 12.8 2.6 1.4 2.8 3.3 2.59 0.58 2.45 11.24 2.13 0.42 2.78 1.04 Table 10 - continued. Table 10. Continued - page 3. Pasture (ha) x 38.1 44.0 25.8 30.8 24.1 14.9 11.3 31.9 SE 9.00 5.76 2.09 4.64 3.21 2.20 5.77 2.33 Other (water, mines, X 19.0 38.1 19.5 22.6 35.1 24.6 146.8 30.2 etc.) (ha) r SE 6.97 6.20 4.82 19.03 12.68 7.32 84.79 3.54 No. of occupied X 45.9 47.6 33.2 19.0 35.4 38.3 15.5 38.8 houses SE 9.11 5.77 4.48 4.87 7.09 4.79 3.93 2.73 Unimproved roads (km) X 4.2 6.1 5.0 6.6 2.9 3.1 1.9 5.0 SE 0.87 1.54 0.88 1.36 0.43 0.35 0.61 0.62 Light duty roads (km) X 8.5 10.2 11.2 8.6 10.0 11.8 10.6 10.4 SE 1.27 0.68 1.54 1.44 1.07 1.11 2.42 0.57 Secondary highways X 3.2 4.1 1.4 0.6 1.4 0.7 e 2.6 2.38 f (km) SE 0.65 1.05 0.25 0.35 0.33 0.23 0.96 0.39 Primary highways (km) X 1.2 1.7 0.4 0 0.3 0.1 g 0 0. SE 0.50 0.63 0.13 0.18 0.14 0.23 0, Interstate highways X 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0 0 0.2 (km) SE 0.13 0.14 0.07 0.15 -- . 0.06 Northeast transect (No. of 3.1 m X 54.6 43.5 84.1 66.5 49.1 56.1 60.8 59.8 contour lines) s SE 6.34 2.42 3.59 7.42 4.78 5.01 3.6 1.95 Northwest tr an sect (No. of 3.1 m X 50.6 42.2 82.1 62.0 50.7 68.9 61.8 59.8 contour lines) t SE 4.58 2.54 3.57 6.20 4.83 6.97 2.69 1.96 Total topographic X 146.6 92.8 138.3 105.3 83.8 116.2 96.3 112.1 relief (m) u SE 11.21 5.27 6.29 13.02 7.87 11.71 14.05 3.44 a n = 101 b n = 289 c n = 16 d n = 287 e n = 26 f n = 289 9 n = 25 h n = 288 Table 10 - continued. Table 10. Continued - page 4. I Region 2 significantly lower than Regions 1, 3, 4, and 6; REglons 5 and 7 significantly lower than Regions 1, 3, and 4. J Regions 5 and 2 significantly lower than Regions 1, 3, and 6. k Region 2 significantly lower than Region 6. I Region 1 significantly higher than all other regions. m Region 2 significantly lower than Regions 4, 5, and 6; Region 2 significantly lower than Region 5. n Region 1 significantly higher than all other regions. o Region 2 significantly lower than Region 4. P Region 5 and 7 significantly higher than all other regions. q Region 1 significantly lowre than Regions 2 and 5. r Region 7 significantly higher than all other regions. s Region 2 significantly lower than Regions 3 and 4; Region 3 significantly higher than Regions 1, 5, and 6. t Region 2 significantly lower than Regions 3, 4, and 6; REgions 1 and 5 significantly lower than Region 3. u Region 5 significantly lower than Regions 1, 3, and 6; Region 2 significantly lower than Regions 1 and 3. Table 11. The number of traditionally used wintering sites associated with public refuges within Deer Regions 1-6. Number of Deer Winter Sites Number Associated Region County Identified With Public Refuge 1 Boone 2 2 McHenry 5 3 Ogle 5 4 Stephenson 2 1 Whiteside 5 2 Winnebago 4 4 Totals 23 16 2 Bureau 4 1 Dekalb 4 4 Ford 1 0 Grundy 2 2 Henry 4 1 Iroquois 6 1 Kankakee 2 1 Kendall 2 1 LaSalle 6 1 Lee 4 2 Livingston 3 1 McLean 5 2 Stark 1 0 Will 6 6 Totals 50 23 3 Henderson 5 0 Knox 4 1 Marshall 3 1 Mason 3 1 Mercer 5 1 Peoria 5 2 Putnam 3 1 Rock Island 3 2 Tazewell 4 3 Warren 5 0 Woodford 1 0 Totals 41 12 Table 11 - continued. Table 11. Continued - page 2. 4 Cass 4 2 5 Champa gn 4 4 Christian 3 1 Dewitt 3 3 Logan 2 1 Maoon 3 3 Menard 2 1 Moultrle 3 0 Piatt 3 2 Sangamon 4 1 Total s 27 16 6 Coles 3 0 Douglas 2 2 Edgar 4 0 Vermilion 5 2 Totals 14 4 Grand Total 155 71 I _ Table 12. Indices to dispersion of traditional sites of winter deer concentrations in 46 counties In central and northern Illinois. Average Distance Average Number Number Between Number Percent Sites per Associated Deer Sites Occupied of all Occupied With Public Region County (km) Townships Townships Township Refuge 1 Boone 6.7 2 33 1.5 2 McHenry 8.2 5 29 1.0 3 Ogle .5 3 12 1.3 4 Stephenson 17.0 2 10 1.0 1 Winnebago 9.0 5 31 1.0 2 Whiteside 7.0 5 24 1.0 4 Regional means 8.1 3.7 23.2 1.1 2.7 2 Bureau 1.7 5 20 1.2 1 Dekalb 2.8 6 31 1.2 4 Ford 10.5 2 17 1.0 0 Grundy 4.4 4 25 1.3 2 Henry 6.2 6 25 1.0 1 Iroquois 9.2 9 30 1.1 1 Kankakee 3.3 5 31 1.4 1 Kendall 1.5 2 22 2.0 1 LaSalle 3.3 8 26 1.3 1 Lee 3.7 6 27 1.5 2 Livingston 6.1 7 23 1.1 1 McLean 7.3 7 23 1.0 2 Stark 2.3 3 38 1.3 0 Will 3.4 8 33 1.4 6 Regional means 4.7 5.6 26.5 1.3 1.6 3 Henderson 1.6 5 50 2.2 0 Knox 1.6 7 35 1.6 1 Marshall 8.0 3 25 1.0 1 Mason 3.3 6 46 1.3 1 Mercer 4.1 6 38 1.7 1 Peoria 1.6 8 44 1.5 2 Putnam 0.5 4 100 1.5 1 Rock Island 2.8 4 33 1.5 2 Tazewell 0.9 5 28 1.6 3 Warren 3.4 6 40 1.3 0 Woodford 0.7 4 29 1.8 0 Regional means 2.6 5.3 42.5 1.5 1.1 Table 12 - continued. Table 12. Continued - page 2. 4 Cass 1.3 73 1.3 5 Champaign 14.8 4 13 1 .0 4 Christl an 19.0 1 6 2.0 1 Dew Itt 2.0 3 21 1 .3 3 Logan 10.0 3 18 1.3 1 Macon 1 6 1 .0 3i Menard 2.3 3 33 1 .7 1 Mou I trie 5.5 4 40 1 .0 0 PI att 9.3 3 19 1 .0 2 Sangamon 5.2 4 15 1.3 1 Regional means 8.5 2.9 19.0 1 .3 1 .8 6 Coles 2.4 5 42 1.4 0 Douglas 3.0 3 33 1 .3 2 Edgar 1.1 6 40 1 .2 0 Verm II on 1.9 6 32 1 .5 2 Regional means 2.1 5 36.8 1.4 1 .0 I_ Table 13. A 5-year simulation of refuge protected and hunted deer in EC Illinois. The Initial population was 80 deer In May 1981. Survival rates were those of marked deer on refuge protected and hunted areas in EC IIllnois. Total Deer Refuge Non-Refuge Period Oct. Jan. June Oct. Jan. June 1981-82 130 126 84 129 92 60 1982-83 144 139 87 100 73 46 1983-84 156 148 99 74 53 37 1984-85 190 166 122 61 44 43 1985-86 209 175 113 70 52 45 Rate of Change per Year (r) a +11.9 +8.2 +7.4 -15.3 -14.3 -7.2 log e final year - Log e initial year rNo. of No. of years Table 14. Minimum numbers of deer known present in winter on refuges in Illinois. Number Acres Year County Refuge Size (acres) Deer Per Deer 1988-89 Platt Allerton Park 2,631 190 13-14 & vicinity 1987-88 Winnebago Rock Cut State 2,658 295 9-10 Park 1987-88 Winnebago Severson Dells 358 82 4-5 Forest Preserve 1982-83 Christian- Sangchrls Lake 1,414 330 4-5 Sangamon State Park 1987-88 Dekalb Shablona Lake 1,565 275 5-6 State Park 1982-83 Piatt Lodge Forest 590 25 23-24 Preserve 1988-89 Champaign U. of I. 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(D 0 (UU) E 0 a) (o L L - 0 0) - E ' -C .- O t U) I I X CLC C'4 a) aC 0 0- Q- I I o 0o .g-a) -oa) C 3a o 0 O U a) U C 0 -D 8 C.-L_ <-(U Q)a) 0(U o O C (c aD (UL CD U-uo L, U a)(U ,4-. 0,La a) CO I- a) t U) -o a) U) U)L- L 4- a)L(U a) r- L 4- '4- 0 -o 3 a) Z Table 16. Regression equations for describing the relationships between hunter success (Y = deer kills) and hunting pressures (X = man days of hunting) for archery and firearm hunters on selected Illinois public hunting areas. a Approximate Variability in Significance Number of Y Explained by of Relationship Man-days to Season Regression Equation X (R 2 ) P Kill 1 Deer Archery ^ October Y = -. 494 + 0.0122X 0.76 F 1,25 = 79.13 130 P < 0.0001 A November Y = -. 234 + 0.01669X 0.52 F 1,25 = 27.16 75 P < 0.0001 A Total Y = -1.63 + 0.0137X 0.86 F 1,25 = 153.60 195 P < 0.0001 Firearm A November Y = -2.3306 + 0.108X 0.70 F 1,8 = 19.14 30 P < 0.002 December Y = -. 5167 + 0.0484X 0.48 F 1,8 = 7.46 32 P < 0.026 Total Y = -1.2767 + 0.0712X 0.66 F 1,8 15.659 33 P < 0.004 a Public hunting areas: Firearms--Marsel I es Conservation area, Castle Rock State Park, Middle Fork State Fish and Wildlife Area, and Iroquois County Wildlife Management Area. Archery--Moraine View State Park, Middle Fork State Fish and Wildlife Area, Kickapoo State Park, Iroquois Wildlife Management Area, Clinton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area, Castle Rock State Park, Big Bend Conservation Area, Johnson-Sauk State Park, Green River Conservation Area. Table 17. Approximate sex and age structure of deer with some refuge Protection In central Illinois. Fawn YearlIng Adult Percent Period Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Per 100 Deer Pre-Hunt 24 22 13 11 11 18 48 Post-Hunt 28 24 8 12 7 21 43 Pre-Fawn - - 24 21 20 34 44 APPENDIX 2 FInal Report for Job VI -D-2, W-87-R-8,9,10 Legal description of landscapes used as wintering sites by deer In counties located In central and northern Illinois. The descriptions of land use shown for each of these sites were derived from aerial photo Interpretation of 10.36-km2 blocks of landscape. These sample blocks were located to Include the center of deer concentration at each site or, If this was unknown, the site of the largest block of forest available. 1 REGION 1 Jo Davless and Carroll counties were not surveyed because the dlstribution of forest and the rugged topography provide deer with abundant winter shelter. County: Boone, Winnebago Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Belvidere NW General Description: Sect. 25,26,35,36 T R, 46N, R2E, Roscoe Twp., Winnebago County; Sect. 1,2,11,12, T46N, R2E, Manchester Twp. and Sect. 29,30,31,32, T45N, R3E, Manchester Twp., Boone County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 9.5 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 12.6 Crops = 76.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 229.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 13.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottoamland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0 3 Human Activities: No. Houses = 49 Miles Light Duty Roads = 10.2 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 435-acre Kinnlkinnick Nature Preserve. Remaining forests are hunted. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forest area not extensive but 70-80 deer reported In winter 1987-88 within and close to nature preserve. Future Prospects: Scattered houses throughout area and development Is Increasing. Area has a limited potential for winter cover unless more forest areas are purchased by county or state governments. Preserve Is likely hunted because it has no resident cartaker. Deer have not damaged vegetation as yet. The general area needs additional protection from development. County: Boone Area: 2 7.5' Topos Caledonia, Belvldere North General Description: Sections along Klshwaukee River just E. of Winnebago County line. Sect. 27,28,29,30, T44N, R3E, Belvldere Twp., Boone County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 15.3 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 1.4 Crops = 81.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 211.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 2.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Bottom I and Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 171.2 Bottom ! and Pastured 0 < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 5.4 5 Human Activities: No. Houses = 31 Miles Light Duty Roads = 13.0 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Ml es Interstate Roads = 0.6 Refuge: 217-acres of Boone County Conservation district lands. Scattered private refuges. Comments: This area is within 4-5 miles of Rock Cut State Park, a mojor wintering area. This area would receive both dispersing and migrating deer from Rock Cut. Future Prospects: Upland forest subject to destruction for housing, highways, etc. Presence of 1-90 creates potential for high deer mortality. Refuge Is too small to shelter breeding age males. Area needs more forest purchase to county or state. 6 County: McHenry Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Woodstock, McHenry General Description: Sect. 23,24,25,26,35,36, T45N, R7E, Greenwood Twp., Sect. 1,2,3,9,10,11,12,13, T44N, R7E, Dorr Twp.; Sect. 6,19,16,15,21,22, T44N, R8E, Nunda Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 30.5 Shrub = 11.7 Pasture = 1.3 Crops = 53.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 357.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 210.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 213.2 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0 7 Human Activities: No. Houses = 143 Miles Light Duty Roads = 11.9 Miles Primary Roads = 1.1 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public lands. Scattered private refuges. Most woodlands are hunted. Comments: Present high density of houses and roads limit deer abundance. Significant portion of forest cover is pastured. Spring spotlight counts: 1981-2; 1982-0; 1984-0; 1986-10; 1987-11; 1988-11. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Needs some public protection. Vulnerable to human development. Likely will be lost In next decade. 8 County: McHenry Area: 2 7.51 Topo: Harvard General Description: Sect. 15-21, 29-32, T46N, R6E, Alden Twp.; Sect. 4-5, 7-9,16,18, T45N, R6E, Hartland Twp.; Sect. 11-13, T45N, R5E, Durham Twp. Habitat Description No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 5 of Total Forest = 18.0 Shrub = 3.2 Pasture = 0.6 Crops = 75.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 295.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 154.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0 9 Human Activities: No. Houses = 47 Miles Light Duty Roads = 4.5 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 MI les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Some refuge In SW 1/4 Sect. 17, Center of Sect. 18 and W 1/2 Sect. 20 in Alden Twp. Rest of wooded areas are hunted. Comments: Woodlands are mostly pastured. Spring spotlight counts in this area = 1981-8; 1982-0; 1984-10; 1986-13; 1987-1; 1988-11. Future Prospects: Close to city of Harvard. Area needs more permanent protection through public purchase or lease. 10 County: McHenry Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Marengo North General Description: Sect. 11,12,13,14,23,24, T44N, R5E, Marengo Twp; Sect. 7,17,18,19,20, T44N, R5E, Seneca Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 23.7 Shrub = 2.8 Pasture = 0.6 Crops = 70.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 428.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 176.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 2.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 11 Human Activitiess No. Houses = 83 Miles Light Duty Roads = 13.7 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 154 acres of McHenry County Conservation District land. Comments: High density of houses and roads. Many forests are pastured. Refuge too small to protect many deer. Future Prospects: Vulnerable. Needs additional protection. 12 County: McHenry Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Marengo South General Description: Sect. 1,2,11,12, T43N, R5E, Riley Twp.; Sect. 5,6,7,8, T43N, R6E, Coral Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 24.2 Shrub = 1.7 Pasture = 4.1 Crops = 69.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 498.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 120.3 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 13 Human Activities, No. Houses = 53 Miles Light Duty Roads = 7.9 Miles Primary Roads = 2.4 MI les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 235 acres of McHenry County Conservation lands. Comments: Limited forest area. This Is a marginal wintering site. Refuge too small to shelter many deer. Future Prospects: Close to city of Marengo. Vulnerable. Needs additional protection. 14 County: McHenry - Lake Co. Area: 5 7.5' Topo: Fox Lake General Description: Most of Park In Lake County. Sect. 5,6,7,8,17,20, T46N, R19E, Burton Twp. In McHenry County; Sect. 3,4,9,10,16,21,28, T46N, R20E, Antloch Twp. In Lake Co. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 6.6 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = .6 Crops = 42.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 125.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 43.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottocliand Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 15 Human Activities: No. Houses = 18 Miles Light Duty Roads = 5.7 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 5,926 acre Chain O'Lakes State Park Comments: Park area is surrounded by highways and housing developments. Spring spotlight counts in and adjacent to park = 1981-6; 1982-15, 1986-21; 1987-7; 1988-20. Future Prospects: Area Is rapidly becoming an Island, which can create a nuisance deer problem. Fortunately deer are being harvested within the park. Archery harvest: 1982 - 1 1983 - 0 1984 - 13 (11 males, 2 females) 1985 - 12 ( 8 males, 4 females) 1986 - 9 ( 5 males, 4 females) 1987 - 17 (10 males, 7 females) 16 County: Ogle Area: 1 7.5' Topot Grand Detour, Daysvllle General Description: E of Rock River. Sect. 20,21,22,23,26,27,28,29,30,31,32, T23N, R10E, Nashua Twp; Sect. 5,6, T24N, R10E, Taylor Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 70.8 Shrub = 1.5 Pasture = 0.0 Crops = 1.9 Description of Forest (Acres)s Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,794.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 19.3 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom I and Pastured > 50 Years = 38.0 BottomlandBottouland NotPastured Pastured > 50 Years = 38.0 > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 17 Human Activities: No. Houses = 11 Miles Light Duty Roads = 4.8 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Mil es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 3,000 acre Sinnlsslppi farms, a private estate and tree farm occupies most of this area. Area Is hunted annually by permit only so offers refuge. Deer herd Is large. Comments: Present ownership Is stable. Deer causing some vegetation damage. Fencing used to allow tree seedlings to survive. Spring spotlight counts = 1981-8; 1982-3; 1984-45; 1985-52; 1986-25; 1987-45; 1988-60. Future Prospects: Outlook good under present ownership. 18 County: Ogle Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Grand Detour, Daysville General Description: Oregon and Pine Creek Twp. along W. side of Rock River. Sect. 7,8,9,16,17,18,19,20,30,31, T23N, R10E, Oregon Twp.; Sect. 24,25,36, T23N, R11E, Pine Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 64.4 Shrub = 1.1 Pasture = 6.5 Crops = 27.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 61.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,445.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 85.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 57.8 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 19 Human Activities: No. Houses = 16 Miles Light Duty Roads = 4.3 Miles Primary Roads = 0.7 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 2,000 acre Castle Rock State Park. Parts of Park hunted but large (800 acres) natural area Is Inviolate refuge. Comments: Present ownership and limited development in park ensures deer protection. Deer are overly abundant at present. Extensive vegetation damage. Spring spotlight counts = 1981-0; 1982-0; 1984-6; 1985-0; 1986-11; 1987-0; and 1988-18. Future Prospects: Excellent under present land use and hunting patterns Sinnissippi forest to the east also protects habitat. Archery kills on Castle Rock State Park: 1980 2 1981 11 1982 8 1983 10 1984 13 1985 10 1986 10 1987 16 20 County: Ogle, Winnebago Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Kishwaukee General Description: Sect. 25,26,34-36, T26N, R11E, Winnebago Twp. and Sect. 7,17-19, T43N, R1E, Rockford Twp, Winnebago County; Sect. 9-12,14-16,21,22, T25N, R11E, Byron Twp., Ogle County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 %of Total Forest = 59.2 27.6 Shrub = 0.5 1.7 Pasture = 1 .7 2.2 Crops 29.9 68.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 493.0 86.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 935.4 547.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 45.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 27.9 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 87.7 0.0 BottomlIand Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 21 Human Activities: No. Houses = 59 40 Miles Light Duty Roads = 18.4 9.7 Miles Primary Roads = 4.2 0.0 Mi Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 358 acre Slverson Forest Preserve; 150 acre L. Fuller Forest Preserve; Bishop Lane Retreat house area; 400+ acre Girl Scout Camp. Comments: Scattered light hunting around refuges. 82 deer counted on 358 (1/4.4 acre) acre Siverson Preserve winter 1987-88. Spring spotlight counts close to preserve = 1981-2; 1982-3; 1984-0; 1985-0; 1986-0; 1987-4; 1988-2. Future Prospects: Some development on private lands. Scattered refuges allow deer protection. Outlook Is favorable. Deer are too abundant on Slverson Preserve. 22 County: Ogle Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Grand Detour, Mt. Morris General Description: Sect. 4,8-10,14-16, T23N, R9E, Pine Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 $ of Total Forest = 29.6 Shrub = 0.5 Pasture = 3.9 Crops = 62.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 342.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 333.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 39.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 42.7 Bottomland Pastured Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 BottomIand Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 23 Human Activities: No. Houses = 16 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mil es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 385 acre White Pines State Park, rest of area is hunted. Comments: Scattered range around park. Refuge Is small and likely does not protect many deer. Future Prospects: Development in state park could adversely affect wintering deer. Remaining forests are privately owned and subject to development. Deer need additional protection along Pine Creek. 24 County: Ogle Area: 5 7.51 Topo: Oregon General Description: North of Oregon along Rock River. Sect. 10-16,21-23, 26-29,32-34, T24N, R10E, Rockvale Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture Crops = Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Up Iand Pastured < 50 Years = Bottom and Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 25 Human Activ ites: No. Houses = No Data Miles Light Duty Roads= No Data Miles Primary Roads= No Data Mi es Interstate Roads = No Data Refuge: 200 acre Lowden State Park. Rest of area hunted. Comments: Refuge area is small. Future Prospects: Danger of Development spreading from city of Oregon. Outlook uncertain. 26 County: Stevenson Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Lena General Description: Sect. 4,16-21,28,29, T28N, R6E, West Point Twp; Sect. 3, 14,15,22,26,27,34,35, T28N, R6E, Waddamns Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 6.9 Shrub = 2.4 Pasture = 3.7 Crops = 82.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 21.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 104.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 36.3 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 15.1 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 27 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 Miles Light Duty Roads= 1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 716 acre Lake Le-Aqua-Na State Park. Private lands are hunted surrounding park. Deer are increasing within park. Entirely closed thru 1988. Comments: Includes some summer ranges with deer present in winter if not killed In the fall. Deer are damaging vegetation in park. Future Prospects: Removal of privately owned woodlots will reduce suitable winter cover to the State Park. 28 County Stevenson Area: 2 7.51 Topo: Davls, Dakota, Durrand General Description: Rock Grove Twp, Stevenson County and Laona Twp, Winnebago Twp. Sect. 12,23-30,32,35,36, T29N, R9E, Rock Grove Twp; Sect. 25, T29N, R8E, Rock Grove Twp; Sect. 19,20,29,30,31,5, T29N, R10E, Laona Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Up land Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 29 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads = Miles Primary Roads= MI les Interstate Roads = Refuge: Several private refuges scattered through site. Hunting is light (based on kIllIs of 1 or 2 per year). Comments: The close proximity of Wisconsin provides a plentiful supply of spring dispersals for this range. Future Prospects: Needs additional protection as most woodlots are vulnerable to conversion to other uses. 30 County: Whiteside Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Morrison General Description: Sect. 31,32, T22N, R5E, Clyde Twp; Sect. 5-8, T21N, R5E, Mount Pleasant Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 27.2 Shrub = 6.8 Pasture = 5.9 Crops = 57.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 243.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 299.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 41.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 111.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottooland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 31 Human Activities: No. Houses = 8 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,164 acre Morrison-Rockwood State Park. Moderate hunting on private lands around park. Deer damaging vegetation In park. Comments: 35 gun permits Issued for state park In 1988. This site Is Isolated with few corridors for dispersals. Future Prospects: Site within 2 miles of city of Morrlson. Private forests vulnerable to development. 32 County: Whiteside Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Erie General Description: Sect. 35,36, T20N, R4E, Fenton Twp.; Sect. 31, T20N, R5E, Lyndon Twp; Sect 6, T19N, R5E, Prophetstown Twp; Sect. 1-4,9-12, T19N, R4E, Portland Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 33.8 Shrub = 1.1 Pasture = 0.0 Crops = 64.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 5.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 158.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 210.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 97.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 250.2 Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 144.0 33 Human Activities: No. Houses = 35 Miles Light Duty Roads= 16.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,188 acre Big Bend Conservation Area. Archery hunting only on area. Some gun hunting In surrounding private forests. Archery kills < 8 deer per year. Comments: Most of the forest area protected by refuge. Area contains both upland and bottomland so flooding should not force deer to move long distances. Future Prospects: This site Is Isolated along Rock River between Erie, and Prophetstown. Protection of Immediate site adequate but not much forest available for expansion of wintering site. 34 County: Whiteside Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Erie NW, Erie General Description: Sect. 13-17,19,20,23,24, T20N, R3E, Newton Twp; Sect. 5-8,17-19, T20N, R4E, Fenton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 19.9 35.6 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 Pasture = 1.6 5.2 Crops = 78.3 59.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 305.8 546.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 125.2 187.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 7.4 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 72.4 178.8 Bottoaland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 35 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 26 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.3 6.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No refuge. Area hunted. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Much of woodland In pasture so has limited summer range. Pastures provide winter-spring forage for deer. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 36 County: Whiteside Area: 4 7.5' Topos Thompson, Union Grove General Description: Sect. 4,5,8,9,15-22,27-31, T22N, R4E, Ustick Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 26.0 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 13.0 Crops = 60.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 256.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 131.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 7.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 270.5 Bottom land Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 37 Human Activities: No. Houses = 23 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No pub Ic refuge. Portions of Sect. 4 & 9 appear to be refuge (no reported kills 1979-1983). Comments: These bluff forests are mostly wooded pastures, which limit deer use In summer and provide cover In winter. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 38 County: Whiteside Area 5 7.51 Topo: Union Grove General Description: Sect. 7,18,19,30, T21N, R4E, Union Grove Twp; Sect. 12,13,24,25, T21N, R3E, Garden Plain Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottaomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 39 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads = Mil es Primary Roads = Miles Interstate Roads = Refuge: No obvious refuges. Some hunting throughout area. Comments: Most forests are pastured. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats but forest area Is not extensive, conf Ined to steep ravines and bluffs. 40 County. Winnebago Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Pecatonica General Description: Sect. 1,2,10-12,14-16,21,22, T27N, R10E, Pecatonica Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 20.2 Shrub = 3.5 Pasture = 2.3 Crops = 70.2 DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 13.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 15.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 33.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 13.8 BottomIland Pastured > 50 Years = 41.7 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 188.7 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 211.2 41 Human Activities: No. Houses = 14 Miles Light Duty Roads = 18.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 384 acres Pecatonica Forest Preserves. Hunting heavy around refuge. Comments; Much of forest Is bottomland except in refuge. Deer numbers limited in winter by available uplands. Deer are causing some vegetation damage. Twenty-eight deer counted winter 1982-83. Future Prospects: Forests will likely remain because they are flood prone. Uplands are in public ownership. 42 County: Winnebago Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Rockford North, Caledonia General Description: Harlem & Caledonia Twps. Sect. 19,30, T45N, R3E, Caledonia Twp; Sect. 22-28,33-35, T45N, R2E, Harlem Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 17.6 Shrub = 33.8 Pasture = 4.5 Crops = 60.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 39.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 342.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 34.3 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 33.3 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 43 Human Activities: No. Houses = 19 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 MItes Interstate Roads = 0.0 (Very close to 1-90) Refuge: 2,658 acre Rock Cut State Park Hunting began 1988 (archery) (75 hunters per-day). Comments: Aerial count 295 deer (73/ml 2 ) winter 1987-88. Future Prospects: Development of park facilities will reduce deer cover. Presence of 1-90 has Increased deer deaths. Outlook good for deer use as wintering site. 44 County: Winnebago Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Shirland, Durand General Description: Sect. 19-29, 32-36, T29N, R11E, Shirland Twp; Sect. 1-5, 9-10,15-16, T28N, R11E, Harrison Twp; Sect. 5-6,7-9,16-18,28-30, T46N, R1E, Rockton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 24.2 Shrub = 3.0 Pasture = 3.2 Crops = 67.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 7.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 229.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 17.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 2.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 18.8 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 302.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 16.5 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 24.5 45 Human Activities: No. Houses = 21 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuges 256 acre Sugar River Forest Preserve. Extensive hunting around preserve. Twenty or so deer seen winter 1982-83 In forest preserve. Comments: Area Is close to more extensively forested Wisconsin habitat. Considerable % of forest is flood prone bottomland. Future Prospects: Upland forests are not protected except by small refuge. Outlook uncertain. 46 County: Winnebago Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Winnebago General Description: Sect. 4-9, T44N, R1E, Rockford Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 $ of Total Forest = 12.6 Shrub = 2.6 Pasture = 3.7 Crops = 80.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 61.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 123.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 37.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 100.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 47 Human Activiti es: No. Houses = 83 Miles Light Duty Roads= 12.6 MIles Primary Roads = 1.3 MIles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge. AlI refuge--mostly Rockford City Parks (435+ acres) Comments: Low number of deer present (9 counted 1987-88 in Page Park) Future Prospects: Parks increasingly Isolated as city expands. 48 REGION 2 The urban counties of Cook, Kane, DuPage, and Lake were not surveyed because the Urban Deer Project has censused these counties. 49 County: Bureau Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Princeton North General Description: Sect. 6,7, T17N, R10E, Berlin Twp; Sect. 2,11-14,21,22, 28,31-33, T17N, R9E, Dover Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 15.8 16.2 Shrub = 0.3 3.3 Pasture = 8.2 2.9 Crops = 75.2 71.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 82.3 62.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 82.7 124.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 38.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 12.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 6.4 46.2 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 131.2 127.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 101.8 4.2 50 Human Activ ties: No. Houses = 49 38 Miles Light Duty Roads = 9.3 12.0 Miles Primary Roads= 2.5 0.0 MI les Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Scattered private refuges. Scattered light hunting all over area. Small county park (80 acres). Too small to protect deer. Comments: None Future Prospects: No obvious threats. 51 County: Bureau Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Princeton South, Depue General Description: Brush and E. Bureau creeks. Sect. 17,19-22,28-32, T33N, R1OE, Selby Twp; Sect. 24-26,34-36, T16N, R9E, Princton Twp; Sect 1-10, T15N, R9E, Arlsple Twp, North of Big Bureau Creek. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = % of Total Forest = 43.4 Shrub =2.9 Pasture = 1.9 Crops = 50.9 DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 143.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 585.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 189.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 23.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 139.8 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 32.4 52 Human Activitiest No. Houses = 43 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.4 Miles Primary Roads= 1.6 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: E 1/2 Sect. 28 is not hunted (no killIs reported 1979-83). Rest of area hunted. Extensive forest protects deer to some extent. Comments: Most forests are not pastured. Both summer and winter range available. Future Prospects: No obvious threats. Close to city of Depue. 53 County: Bureau Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Princeton South, Depue. General Description: Sect. 16-19,20-21,28-30, T15N, R10E, Leepertown Twp; Sect. 8-26,30, T15N, R9E, Arisple Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 69.9 35.6 Shrub = 0.3 1.6 Pasture = 5.5 2.2 Crops - 16.5 60.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 13.3 320.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 52.6 502.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 18.0 65.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 9.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,639.8 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 12.1 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 65.5 0.0 54 Human Activities: No. Houses = 2 29 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.1 9.7 Miles Primary Roads= 4.8 0.0 Mi Ies Interstate Roads = 2.9 0.0 Refuge: Scattered refuge. Limited hunting In large (1,200+ acres) bottomlands. Access tightly controlled by single agency, the 1,000+ acre Princeton Duck Club. They control largest forest block and prohibit most deer hunting. Comments: Part of area large bottcmland forest along Illinois River that is levied, so flooding Is controlled. Presence of 1-80 means higher highway mortal Ities. Future Prospects: Large forest blocks. Will buffer hunting. Duck Club floods much of area for hunting and deer must leave these areas In fall. Outlook good If Duck Club retains ownership. 55 County: Bureau, Henry Counties Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Kewanee North, Neponset Twps. General Description: Sect. 20,22,26-35, T16N, R9E; Mineral Twp, Bureau County; Sect. 34-36, T16N, R5E, Annawan Twp; Sect. 1-3,12, T15N, R5E, Kewanee Twp, Henry County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 28.9 18.3 Shrub = 0.1 4.8 Pasture = 9.9 19.9 Crops = 46.1 51.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 178.8 39.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 404.8 62.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 95.3 367.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 61.3 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 56 Human Activities: No. Houses = 11 13 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.9 14.2 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles nterstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,305 acre Johnson-Sauk State Park. Rest of area Is lightly hunted. Archery only hunting In park with kills < 8 deer per year. Comments: East of park dominated by strip mines. These are in early successional stages. Deer are abundant In state park. Future Prospects: Favorable in foreseeable future. No obvious threats to private forests. 57 County: DeKalb Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Waterman, Shabbona Grove General Description: Sect. 22-27, T38N, R3E, Shabbona Twp; Sect. 10,11,14,15, T37N, R3E, Paw Paw Twp. Both areas on Indian Creek drainage. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 12.5 15.1 Shrub = 24.1 0.0 Pasture = 0.5 4.4 Crops = 47.6 80.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 21.2 11.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 196.1 370.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 55.1 5.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 47.7 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 58 Human Activities: No. Houses = 25 18 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.1 7.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,565 acre Shabbona State Park. Some refuge also available along Indian Creek (Sect. 14 & 15 appear to be refuge). Private camp present in Sect. 22. Archery kills < 11 deer per year in State Park. Comments: State Park had 250-300 deer present winter 1987-88. 25-30 deer also winter along Indian Creek South of Park. Deer move N & S seasonally along Indian Creek. Future Prospects: Private lands vulnerable. Park provides stable habitat If state does not over develop the park land. Deer are damaging vegetation in park. 59 County: DeKalb Area 2 7.5' Topo: Genoa, Kirkland General Description: Sect. 5-8, T41N, R5E, Sycamore Township; Sect. 30,31, T42N, R5E, Genoa Twp; Sect. 15-17,20-26,36, T42N, R4E, Kingston Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 10.6 13.7 Shrub = 3.4 0.4 Pasture = 7.9 1.4 Crops = 75.7 83.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 30.9 130.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 78.5 146.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 7.4 43.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 16.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 39.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 73.9 14.6 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 22.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 18.8 0.0 60 Human Activities: No. Houses = 33 14 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.9 11.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 128 acre Russell Forest Preserve and private scattered refuges along S. branch of Klshwaukee River protect wintering deer. Comments: 200+ deer wintered along the S. Branch during winter 1987-88. Future Prospects: Close to city of Genoa, SThe scattered nature of the forest pattern should buffer human disturbance. Outlook uncertain. 61 County: DeKalb Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Falrdale, Ktrkland General Description: Sect. 7,8,17,18,21-23, T42N, R3E, Franklin Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 21.3 Shrub = 0.4 Pasture = 3.5 Crops = 73.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 75.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 162.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 37.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 42.7 Bottom Iand Pastured > 50 Years = 23.7 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 199.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 4.2 62 Human Activities: No. Houses = 33 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 51-acre county forest preserve; 50+ acres Scout Camp. Rest of area is hunted each year. Comments: There were 50-100 deer on this site winter 1987-88. Future Prospects: County preserve and scout camps Include most of the forest cover and protect winter range. 63 County: DeKalb Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Somonauk General Description: Sect. 31,32, T38N, R5E, Squaw Grove Twp.; Sect. 3,4,9,10, 15,22,27,34, T37N, R5E; Sect. 10,11,14,15,22,23,27, T37N, R5E, Sandwich Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 5.8 12.9 Shrub = 2.1 0.0 Pasture = 4.4 2.7 Crops = 85.1 70.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 66.4 155.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 81.5 36.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 10.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 19.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 38.3 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 70.4 64 Human Activities: No. Houses = 19 34 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.2 10.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 M I es I nterstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 80-acre Scmonauk Forest Preserve. Light hunting pressure on rest of site. Comments: Much of forest pastured. Sample plot #1 is a summering area only used by deer moving N. along Somonauk Creek. Estimated 25-50 deer wintered 1987-88. Future Prospects: Vulnerable to development. Close to city of Sandwich. 65 County: Ford Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Paxton, Perdueville General Description: Areas along Big-4 ditch. Sect. 10,14,15,33,34, T23N, R9E, Patton Twp; Sect. 25,26,35,36, T23N, R10E, Button Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 %of Total Forest = 5.7 Shrub = 1.8 Pasture = 2.0 Crops = 90.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 7.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 55.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 82.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 66 Human Activitles: No. Houses = 16 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.9 Miles Primary Roads= 2.1 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Scattered hunting along ditch. Some refuge In several places along ditch. Comments: This Is a marginal area, mostly summer-fall range. At least! Marked deer wintered on this site with < 10 others In winter 83-84. Future Prospects: Will only shelter a few deer. Likely depends on dispersing Immigrants to restock each spring. Outlook uncertain. 67 County: Grundy Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Coal City, Minooka, Wilmington General Description: Sect. 32-35, T34N, R8E, Aux Sable Twp; Sect. 18, T33N, R8E, Goose Lake Twp; Sect. 19, T33N, R8E, Wauponsee Twp; Sect. 20-27, 29, T33N, R8E & R9E; Sect. 19, 28-34, T33N, R9E, Wilmington Twp. Habitat Descriptions No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 0.0 15.7 Shrub = (Grassland) 85.4 0.0 Pasture = 0.0 0.0 Crops = 0.0 79.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 132.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 246.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 23.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 68 Human Activities: No. Houses = 4 38 Miles Light Duty Roads= 1.3 8.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 2,435 acre Goose Lake Prairie State Park has an abundance of deer. Some hunting along Mazon River and In strip mines S. of State Park. Comments: First sample area Includes Prairie on State Park. Browsing pressure very high. Strip mines are maturing and becoming good deer cover. Woody plant succession has stopped on Goose Lake prairie because of deer browsing. Future Prospects: Deer should be reduced on Goose Lake Prairie State Park. Area S. of Park may be developed for housing In future years. At present, the strip mined acres shelter deer when diurnal cover Is reduced within the prairie In winter and when human disturbances become Intolerable during summer. Outlook good. 69 County: Grundy, LaSal le Counties Area: 2 7.51 Topo: Seneca, Marseilles General Description: Sect. 14,20-23,28-33,T33N, R6E, Norman Twp, Grundy County; Sect. 23-26,35-36, T33N, R4E, Fall River Twp, LaSalle County; Sect. 27-36, T33N, R5E, Manlln Twp, LaSalle County; Sect. 1-6, T32N, R5E, Brookfleld Twp, LaSalle County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 35.5 48.9 34.2 Shrub = 0.0 1.6 0.9 Pasture = 0.0 9.1 6.2 Crops = 52.1 40.6 58.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 187.7 87.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 718.3 1,058.4 690.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 57.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 18.3 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 5.9 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 191.9 5.4 17.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 Human Activities: No. Houses = 71 26 23 Miles Light Duty Roads= 17.6 7.8 6.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 2,550 acre Marsel I es Conser. Area. Shotgun hunting in Conserv. Area by controlled No. of permits (up to 30 kills per year). Rest of area hunted. Comments: Extensive upland forests on this site just S. of the Illinois River. Forest are maturing and not extensively pastured providing good deer cover. Future Prospects: Conservation area protects a large upland forest. No obvious threats to other uplands. Nearby cities are all north of Illinois River. 71 County: Henry Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Nekoma General Description: Sect. 34,35, T15N, R2E, Andover Twp; Sect. 2,3,10-13, T14N, R2E, Clover Twp; Sect. 7-10, 15-18, T14N, R3E, Weller Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 Sample plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 25.1 Shrub = 0.7 Pasture = 8.9 Crops = 65.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 582.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 9.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 38.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 12.1 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 72 Human Activities: No. Houses = 26 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.9 Miles Primary Roads= 2.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. All areas lightly hunted. Comments: Henry County forests are mostly pastured by hogs. Little cover for deer. Marginal site for winter. Future Prospects: Uncertain. If pasturing reduced area would Improve for winter deer cover. 73 County: Henry Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Kewanee North General Description: Sect. 13,14,23-25, T15N, R4E, Burns Twp; Sect. 7-9,13-24,29,30, T15N, R5E, Kewanee Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 $ of Total Forest = 24.9 Shrub = 1.5 Pasture = 0.7 Crops = 65.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 232.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 234.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 136.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 35.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 74 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.4 Miles Primary Roads= 4.6 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 40 acre Francis Park. Rest Is hunted. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Scattered forests, nearly half pastured. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Kewanee. Within 5 miles of Johnson-Sauk Trail State Park that can supply Immigrant deer to restock. 75 County: Henry Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Green Rock, Geneseo General Description: Sect. 2-11, T17N, R2E, Hanna Twp; Sect. 20,21,27-29, T17N, R2E, Edford Twp; Sect. 22-25, T17N, R1E, Colona Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 25.5 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 2.3 Crops = 69.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 32.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 207.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 10.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 78.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 79.8 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 164.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 22.5 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 57.1 76 Human Activities: No. Houses = 48 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.1 Miles Primary Roads= 2.7 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Hunting along river. Comments: Mix of bottomland and upland forests provide deer with sanctuary during floods. About half the existing forest Is pastured, often by hogs, with poor diurnal cover for deer. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 77 County: Henry Area: 4 7.5' Topot HIllsdale, Port Byron General Description: Sect. 15-21, T18N, R3E, Phenix Twp; Sect. 24-28,32-35, T18N, R2E, Hanna Twp. Habitat Descrlption: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 37.9 Shrub = 0.7 Pasture = 2.7 Crops = 50.8 DescrIption of Forest (Acres)s Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 308.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 337.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 22.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 232.7 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 8.6 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 40.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 20.5 78 Human Acti vities: No. Houses = 129 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.8 MI Ies Pr Imary Roads = 0.6 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Light hunting pressure all over area. Comments: Restricted to river bluffs. Future Prospects: Development Is expanding. Area needs additional protection. 79 County: Iroquois-Kankakee Counties Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Donovan, Leesvlle General Description: Sect. 1-4,8-16,21-24, T29N, R11W, Beavervllle Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 25.3 Shrub = 39.3 Pasture = 1.8 Crops = 33.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 39.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 440.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 45.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 121.3 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 80 Human Activities: No. Houses = 6 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: State Nature Preserve = 750+ acres. Area Is Immedlately west of Willow Slough State Game Preserve, Indiana. Iroquols State (1,361 acres) Conservation Area Is hunted by archers only (kills between 20 and 31 per year). Comments: Poor soil reduces pressures to clear existing forest. Deer abundant In nature preserve. Future Prospects: Good. Illinois and Indiana public lands ensures habitat protection. 81 County: Iroquols Area: 2 7.5 1 Topo: Sheldon, Watseka General Description: Sect. 13,14,19-22,30-31, T27N, R11W, Concord Twp; Sect. 25,30 T27N, R12W, Middleport Twp. Iroquois River E. of Watseka to Indiana State Line. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total ______ Forest = 15.3 Shrub 0.4 Pasture = 2.4 Crops = 61.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 100.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 272.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 2.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 16.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 82 Human Activities: No. Houses = 15 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.3 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 MI l es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Al I areas hunted. Any refuges are small and scattered. Some refuge may be available In Indiana. Comments: Very scattered forest pattern. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Needs additional protection. 83 County: Iroquois Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Milford General Descrlption: Sect. 20-22,28-34, T26N, R12W, Belmont Twp; Sect. 4,9, T25N, R12W, Milford Twp. Forests along Sugar Creek between Woodland and Milford. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 20.7 Shrub = 2.5 Pasture = 0.6 Crops = 71.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 10.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 420.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 100.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 84 Human Activities: No. Houses = 64 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Scattered smal 1 refuges. No pub lIc refuge. Comments: Scattered forest. Mostly summer range. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Vulnerable to development. Needs additional protection. 85 County: Iroquois Area: 4 7.5' Topos Onarga East & West General Description: Spring Creek from Delray East to junction of Shavetail Creek; Sect. 11-16,20,21,29-31,36, T26N, R14W, Onarga Twp; Sect. 1, T25N, R14W, Artesia Twp; Sect. 1, T25N, R10E, Ridgeland Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 14.4. 12.5 Shrub = 4.9 0.7 Pasture = 1.3 2.5 Crops = 78.2 83.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 118.1 63.5 Upland Mot Pastured > 50 Years = 130.4 117.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 18.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 73.6 0.0 Bottom land Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 470.07 5863.28 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 63.2 86 Human Activities: No. Houses = 10 11 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.0 3.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Mi les Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Refuges scattered on private lands long the creek. Coments: Forest cover is limited but Is excellent deer cover. Spring spotlight counts - 1981 - 6; 1982 -7; 1984 - 5; 1985 - 6; 1986 - 9; 1987 - 3; 1988 - 24. Future Prospects: Uncertain. All private holdings. 87 County: I roq uo s Area 5 7.5' Topo: Gilman, Cresent City General Description: Spring Creek. Sect. 16,19-21, T27N, R13W, Iroquois Twp; Sect. 24, T27N, R14W, Danforth Twp; Sect. 25,35,36,1, T26N, R14W, Douglas Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Description of Forest (Acres) Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Up land Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 88 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= MI es Primary Roads= MI I es Interstate Roads = Refuge: AlI hunted, no refuge. Comments: Marginal wintering area. 12 deer seen in Sect. 20,21 Iroquois Twp. 1982 Spring spotlight counts - 1981 - 7; 1982 - 19; 1984 - 3; 1985 - 3; 1986 - 0; 1987 - 17; 1988 - 14. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 89 County: Iroquoi s Area: 6 7.5' Topo: Buckley General Description: Sect. 7-9,17-18, T24N, R10E, Loda Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Up land Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottom land Pastured < 50 Years = Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 90 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads = M les Interstate Roads = Refuge: No public refuges. Some refuge close to Lake Iroquois. Comments: Up to 100 deer seen wintering 1988-89. Forest area totals only about 200 acres along Spring Creek. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Very limited forest cover along Spring Creek. 91 County: Kankakee, Will Counties Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Bonfleld, Bourbonnals General Description: Forests along Kankakee River. Sect. 15,16,9,10,4-6, T31N, R11E, Bourbonnals Twp; Sect. 31,32,30,36,26-29,20-22, T32N, R11E, Wesley Twp; Sect. 3-10, T31N, R11E, Salma Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 3 $ of Total Forest = 10.6 12.3 14.4 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 4.4 Pasture = 0.4 0.0 4.2 Crops = 88.5 81.4 71.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 19.5 21.7 55.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 252.4 190.9 125.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 20.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 4.2 22.5 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 98.6 145.5 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 92 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 40 68 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.4 7.8 9.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 1 .6 2.9 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 3,512 acre Kankakee River State Park. Archery hunting only In Park. Private forests are hunted. Kills in Park < 11 per year. Shotgun hunting in 1979 (35 harvested) and 1980 (31 killed). Comments: Limited habitat away from State Park. Some crop damage adjacent to park. Spring Spotlight counts: 1982 - 0; 1984 - 20; 1985 - 5; 1986 - 11; 1987 - 11; 1988 - 10. Future Prospects; Park protects forest cover. 93 County: Kankakee Area: 2 7.5' Topot St. Anne, Leesvllle General Description: Sand Soil Forests NW of St. Anne. Sect. 10-30, T3ON, R11W, Pembroke Twp; Sect. 13,14, T30N, R12W, Ganeer Twp; Sect. 22,23,26, T30N, R12W, St. Anne Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 20.7 29.5 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 Pasture = 0.9 0.9 Crops = 41.8 69.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 178.6 595.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 351.2 152.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 7.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 94 Human Activities: No. Houses = 55 149 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.4 10.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: None. All hunted. Poaching a definite problem. Comments: This site contains a large upland forest inhabited by a large number of rural poor. Forests are pastured heavily. Illegal deer proaching Is a continuing problem. Future Prospects: Has potential to be a major winter site but human attitudes must change. 95 County: Kendall Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Newark, Piano, Yorkville General Description: Fox River, Big Rock Creek. Sect. 11,12,14,16,20,21, 23,26,29,32-36, T37N, R6E, Little Rock Twp; Sect. 2-4,8,9,15,16,17,19,20, T36N, R6E, Fox Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 9.7 10.9 14.1 16.1 Shrub = 0.5 0.0 0.0 16.3 Pasture = 5.1 1.5 2.6 2.5 Crops = 80.8 84.1 83.3 65.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 88.9 60.3 237.6 120.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 51.6 58.5 108.9 153.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 13.8 5.9 15.1 10.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 17.3 0.0 54.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 13.6 0.0 17.3 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 92.9 124.7 0.0 51.4 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 96 Human Activities: No. Houses = 98 70 69 146 Miles Light Duty Roads= 17.7 15.0 27.4 24.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,314-acre Silver Springs State Park. Archery hunting only. Rest of site hunted. Kills < 10 per year. Comments: Summer ranges along Big Rock Creek and Fox River are small and scattered. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to Piano and Yorkville. Vulnerable to development. Need additional public areas along both drainages. 97 County: Kendall Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Yorkvllle, PlattvIllle General Description: Sect. 31,33-35, T37N, R7E, Oswego Twp; Sect. 1-4,8,18, T36N, R7E, Kendall Twp. HabItat DescrIption: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr ption of Forest (Acres) Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = < 50 Years = 98 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= MI les Interstate Roads = Refuge: None. Light hunting al I over site. Comments: Limited forest cover. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Needs additional protection. 99 County: LaSalle Area: 1 7.5 1 Topo: Sheridan General Description: Somanauk Creek from Lake Holiday S. to Fox River. Sect. 8,9,16,17,20,21,28,29,31,32,33, T36N, R5E, Northville Twp, Sect.3-7,16-18, T35N, R5E, Mission Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 23.7 Shrub = 2.6 Pasture = 5.8 Crops = 67.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 198.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 131.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 11.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 15.8 Bottom Iand Pastured > 50 Years = 35.6 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 196.6 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 16.5 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 100 Human Activities: No. Houses = 18 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. AllI hunted. Comments: Wooded corridors along river connects winter and summer areas. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 11; 1982 - 10; 1984 - 25; 1985 - 10; 1986 - 16; 1987 - 25; 1988 - 27. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Expansion of Lake Holiday development would impact on already limited range. 101 County: LaSalle Area: 2 7.5' Topo: LaSalle, Starved Rock General Description: N. of Illinois River. Sections 7-11,13-18, T33N, R2E, Watham Twp; Sect. 11-14, T33N, R1E, LaSalle Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 28.8 Shrub =1.2 Pasture = 1.0 Crops = 62.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 277.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 47.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 39.8 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 210.2 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 162.0 102 Human Activities: No. Houses = 29 Miles Light 11.0 Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads-= 3.3 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Adjacent to large city (LaSalle-Peru) and subject to flooding. Hunting throughout the area. Comments: Strip mined areas should Improve as deer cover. Presence of primary roads mean high deer death rates from highway accidents. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Very close to city but most of deer range strip mined or river bottom forests. Not likely to be used for housing development. 103 County: LaSalle Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Starved Rock, LaSalle General Description: I llnois River. Sect. 19-27,29-32, T33N, R2E, Deer Park Twp; Sect. 4-9, T32N, R2E, Vermilion Twp; Sect. 22-26, 36, T33N, R1E, LaSalle Twp; Sect. 1,12, T32N, R1E, Eden Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 23.3 24.2 Shrub = 0.0 5.4 Pasture = 3.4 1.9 Crops = 66.2 61.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 13.3 124.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 570.1 256.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 33.6 Bottlomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 13.8 206.2 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 104 Human Activities: No. Houses = 124 22 Miles Light Duty Roads= 14.2 10.2 Miles Primary Roads= 1.7 4.3 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 2,626 acre Starved Rock State Park and 1,629 acre Mathlessen State Park. Rest of area is hunted. Comments: Deer abundant In State Parks. Source of Immigrants to restock hunted ranges. Most of forest is upland. Future Prospects: Favorable, as private forests are on steep bluffs along the Vermilion and Illinois rivers. 105 County: LaSalle Area: 4 7.51 Topo: Leonore General Description: Vermillion River forests. Sect. 15,16,22-25, T32N, R2E, Deer Park Twp; Sect. 22,23,25,26,36, T32N, R2E, Vermilion Twp, Sect. 29,30,32,33, T32N, R3E, Farm Ridge Twp; Sect. 4-10, T31N, R3E, Bruce Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 22.3 Shrub = 0.3 Pasture = 2.2 Crops = 73.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 174.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 241.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 124.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 BottomIand Pastured > 50 Years = 23.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 6.9 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 106 Human Activities: No. Houses = 30 M Ies Light Duty Roads= 9.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None but hunting pressures I ght (1-2 per year). Comments: Scattered forests. Some pastured. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 107 County: LaSalle Area: 5 7.5' Topo: Wedron, Leland General Description: Indian Creek. Sect. 3,7-10,15-17,21,22,27,28,32,33, T35N, R4E, Serena Twp; Sect. 3-5,8, T34N, R4E, Dayton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 31.1 Shrub = 0.4 Pasture = 2.4 Crops = 66.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 218.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 390.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 15.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 13.8 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 120.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 37.5 108 Human Activities: No. Houses = 32 Miles Light Duty Roads= 14.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 307-acre Scout Camp. Rest of area is hunted. Comments: Forests are extensive and mostly uplands. Spring spotlight census: 1981 - 3; 1982 - 1; 1984 - 9; 1985 - 2; 1986 - 3; 1987 - 21; 1988 - 22. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Needs additional protection. 109 County: LaSalle Area: 6 7.51 Topos Serena General Description: Fox River. Sect. 20-22,28,29,31,32,33, T35N, R5E, Mission Twp; Sect. 5,6, T34N, R5E, Miller Twp; Sect. 1,2,12, T34N, R4E, Rutland Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 26.5 Shrub = 0.6 Pasture = 6.0 Crops = 64.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 366.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 234.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 12.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 65.2 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 110 Human Activities: No. Houses = 105 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.3 Miles Primary Roads= 2.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 154 acre Scout Camp Is closed to deer hunting. Light hunting pressure on rest of site. Comments: Over half of forest Is pastured. Forest not extensive. Forest restricted to steep slopes and ravines. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 111 County: Lee Area: 1 7,.5 Topo: Walton, Harmon General Description: Green River Cons. Area and vicinity. Sect. 2-9,16-20, T19N, R9E, East Grove Twp. Sect. 12-14, T19N, R8E, Hamilton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 16.9 Shrub = 37.4 Pasture = 0.0 Crops = 36.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 10.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 370.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 53.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 BottomlIand Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 112 Human Activities: No. Houses = 8 Miles Light Duty Roads = 6.8 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Miles nterstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 2,330 acre Green River Conservation area Is hunted. Kills < 15 per year. This area also a pheasant dump-shoot area which drives deer off. Rest of site Is hunted. Comments: Continual hunting pressure forces deer to move on and off area. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 0; 1982 - 0; 1984- 7; 1985 - 0; 1986 - 0; 1987 - 0; 1988 - 7. Future Prospects: Habitat protected by state owned lands but continued hunting on Conservation Area harasses deer In fall. Deer not abundant on area In winter. 113 County: Lee, Ogle Counties Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Grand Detour, Amboy General Description: Rock River area. Sect. 4,5,7,8, T22N, R9E, Grand Detour Twp, Ogle County; Sect. 9,10,14-24, T22N, R9E, Dixon Twp, Lee County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 28.5 26.5 Shrub = 3.4 0.8 Pasture = 5.7 6.6 Crops = 54.3 60.2 DescrIption of Forest (Acres)s Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 164.0 406.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 343.6 137.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 10.4 39.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 28.7 27.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 57.1 59.3 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 71.6 43.5 Bottom Iand Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 16.3 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 4.0 0.0 114 Human Activities: No. Houses = 133 19 Miles Light Duty Roads= 22.4 13.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 .9 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 512 acre Dixon City Park. Bible Camp = 50 acre. Rest of area hunted. Comments: Forests along river are scattered. About 1/2 are pastered and offer deer limited cover In winter. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Dixon. Rock River separates part of site. 115 County: Lee, Ogle Counties Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Grand Detour, Franklin Grove General Description: Franklin Creek Area. Sect. 16,17,18, T22N, R10E, Taylor Twp; Sect. 20,21,27-29,33,34, T22N, R10E, Nachusa Twp, Lee Co; Sect. 2,3, T21N, R10E, China Twp, Lee Co. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 19.0 Shrub = 2.8 (does not Include grassland) Pasture = 7.6 Crops = 69.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 155.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 164.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 3.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 106.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 10.1 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 21.2 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 26.4 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 116 Human Activities: No. Houses = 28 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.5 Miles Primary Roads= 2.0 MI les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 600+ acres Nachusa Grasslands Nature Conservancy. Rest of area is hunted. Comments: The Nachusa preserve Is protected from hunting and should begin to winter more deer as succession increases brushy cover. (If burning program allows portions to revert to shrub or forest.) Future Prospects: With constant custodlal care, this area should Improve as a wintering area. 117 County: Lee Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Amboy, Walton General Description: South and East of Amboy. Sect. 29-32, T20N, R11E, Lee Center Twp; Sect. 5,6,7, T19N, R11E, Sublette Twp; Sect. 25-36, T20N, R10E, Amboy Twp; Sect. 1-6,8-12,16, T19N, R10E, May Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 24.1 26.1 12.1 Shrub = 1.4 0.6 1.2 Pasture = 8.3 7.3 9.5 Crops = 63.1 60.6 73.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 271.0 406.1 64.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 210.4 150.4 246.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 44.0 69.7 127.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 92.1 42.5 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 118 Human Activities: No. Houses = 35 16 11 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.4 14.0 7.1 Miles Primary Roads= 2.4 0.0 0.0 Mi I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: None. All forests hunted except developed area in May Twp. which will no longer be available when housing construction begins. Comments: Large development in Sect. 1,2,11,12, May Twp. Extensive road system. About half of all forests pastured. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 2; 1982 - 5; 1984 - 19; 1985 - 14; 1986 - 13; 1987 - 24; 1988 - 9. Future Prospects: Forests are scattered, but extensive. Deer have many options for escaping hunters. Expansion of new housing developments to other areas may destroy this site. Site needs additional protection. 119 County: Lee Area: 5 7.5' Topo: Sublette General DescrIption: Sect. 13,14,23,24, T20N, R11E, Lee Center Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = none % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr ption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 120 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= MlIles Interstate Roads = Refuge: 1,500-acre Richardson property. Comments: The Richardson property has recently developed into a deer refuge wintering up to 100 deer. This area lies at the head of a watershed and consists of smal woodlots Interspersed with crop fields. Future Prospects: Good. Richardson Is continually buying more land and converting it into pond, marsh and forest. 121 County: Livingston Area: 1 7.5' Topot Blackston, Pontiac NW General Description: Mud Creek. Sect. 5,6, T29N, R5E, Esmen Twp; Sect. 1-3, T29N, R4E, Amity Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 15.8 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 6.5 Crops = 84.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 233.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 162.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 9.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 122 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Marginal area. A few deer winter but site depends on Immigrants each spring to maintain population. Pasturing of upland forests reduces winter cover. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Need additional protection. 123 County: Livingston Area: 2 7.5' Topo: NW Pontlac General Description: Vermilion River- Wolf Creek. Sect. 1-3, T28N, R4E, Rooks Creek Twp; Sect. 34-36,26,22,23,14,15, T29N, R4E, Anity Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 12.1 Shrub = 1.4 Pasture = 49.8 Crops = 33.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 16.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 252.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 4.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 21.5 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 16.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 124 Human Activities: No. Houses = 16 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.2 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 MI les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 320 acre Halmlston Woods Reserve. Rest is hunted. Comments: Limited forest. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Entire area Including reserve may be hunted (kills reported up through 1983). Needs additional protection. 125 County: Livingston Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Streator South, Flanegan North General Description: Vermilion River S. of Streator. Sect. 17-20,29-32, T30N, R4E, Newtown Twp; Sect. 5,6,8,9,15-17, T29N, R4E, Anity Twp; Sect. 1-4, T29N, R3E, Long Point Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 7.1 11.3 Shrub = 0.2 0.0 Pasture = 5.0 2.2 Crops = 81.2 86.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 55.1 219.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years 41.5 40.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 4.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 24.7 Botttauland Pastured Bottomlandot> 50 Years = Pastured 9.4 0.0 > 50 Years = 49.6 0.0 Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 126 Human Activ ities No. Houses = 147 19 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.9 12.3 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 0.0 MIles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Northern end S. of Streator all private refuge. Refuge also along Long Point Creek. Comments: Limited forest, most of which Is pastured. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Al I private. Needs additional protection. 127 County: McLean Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Funks Grove, McLean General Description: Sect. 8-10,16-19, T22N, R1E, Funks Grove Twp; Sect. 24, T22N, R1W, Mount Hope Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 $ of Total Forest = 37.8 Shrub = 2.3 Pasture = 5.2 Crops = 53.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 368.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 592.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 16.8 Bottoml and Pastured > 50 Years = 7.9 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 128 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 1.9 Refuge: Protected by Funks Seed Foundation. Managed as Park. Light hunting (< 10 per year). Area shelters > 100 deer each winter. Comments: Presence of Interstate and active railroad means higher deer mortality. Future Prospects: Good If Seed Foundation continues to protect habitat. 129 County: McLean Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Lexington, Gridley General Description: Mackinaw River W. of Lexington. Sect. 31,32,34-36, T26N, R2E, Gridley Twp; Sect. 1-3, T25N, R2E, Hudson Twp; Sect. 3-6, T25N, R3E, Money Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 17.5 Shrub = 1.4 Pasture = 11.2 Crops = 64.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 286.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 133.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 29.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 18.8 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 9.6 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 130 Human Activities: No. Houses = 25 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 560-acre Parklands Foundation area. Rest of area is hunted. Comments: Up to 80 deer seen together on Parklands area in winter. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 0; 1982 - 3; 1984 - 36; 1985 - 10; 1986 - 13; 1987 - 49; 1988 - 18. Future Prospects: Parklands area protects largest forest area between Lexington and Woodford County line. 131 County: McLean Area: 3 7.5' Topot Halder, Blocmington East, Arrowsmith General Description: Downs area. Sect. 21,26-29,32-36, T23N, R3E, Old Town Twp; Sect. 26,27,31-36, T23N, R4E, Dawson Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 15.7 15.7 Shrub = 0.5 0.5 Pasture = 9.6 7.5 Crops = 70.1 69.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 114.6 67.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 36.3 307.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 1.7 7.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 135.6 13.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 45.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 31.6 6.9 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 36.8 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 132 Human Activities: No. Houses = 63 28 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.7 15.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 M Iles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Private areas are hunted each year. Possible private refuge In Sect. 27, 28 (no reported kills). 1,663 acre Moraine View State Park. Archery hunting only. Harvests < 12 per year on State Park. Comments: Scattered forests, most are pastured. Within 1/2 mile of Interstate 74 at west end of Moraine. Upland game hunters chase deer from State Park each fall. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Needs additional protection. Deer are continually harassed on State Park. 133 County: McLean, Woodford Area: 4 7.5I Topo: El Paso, Secor, Davers SE General Description: Sect. 8,9,17-20,29-36, T26N, R1E, Palestine Twp; Sect. 25,26,33-36, T26N, RIW, Ollo Twp; Sect. 1-5,8-13,16,17, T25N, R1W, Montgomery Twp, all in Woodford County; Sect. 1-9,12,16-18, T25N, R1E, Kansas Twp; Sect. 5-8,17-18, T25N, R2E, Hudson Twp, McLean County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 7.4 33.9 28.8 27.6 Shrub = 58.6 7.4 3.9 4.5 Pasture = 0.0 3.1 0.9 0.6 Crops 13.2 54.3 64.6 62.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 18.3 0.0 66.9 68.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 31.4 796.1 599.0 596.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 16.8 0.0 29.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 33.1 0.0 12.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottom Iand Not Pastured > 50 Years = 142.0 23.5 72.6 0.0 Bottooland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134 Human Activities: No. Houses = 18 14 13 18 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.3 6.9 10.2 7.5 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,151 Evergreen Lake County Park. Rest of area is hunted (heavy hunting along Mackinaw River). Comments: Large forests effectively protect deer. The lands surrounding Evergreen Lake are beccming excellent deer cover as woody species Invade old fields. West side of Lake offers the largest refuge. Forests are mostly free of livestock. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 2; 1982 - 2; 1984 - 2; 1985 - 5; 1986 - 2; 1987 - 1; 1988 - 4. Future Prospects: No obvious threats. Additional publlc ownership along Mackinaw River would be deslreable. 135 County: McLean, Woodford, Tazewell Area: 5 7.*5 Topo: Danvers, Mackinaw General Description: Sect. 19,20,27-30, T25N, R1W, Montgomery Twp, Woodford Co.; Sect. 4-9,31-33, T25N, R1W, Danvers Twp, McLean Co.; Sect. 1-8,10-12, T24N, R2W, Mackinaw Twp; Sect. 24,25,27,32-36, T25N, R2W, Deer Creek Twp, Tazewell County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 24.8 Shrub = 0.3 Pasture = 8.4 Crops = 66.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 58.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 337.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 132.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 81.0 BottmIland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 24.2 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 136 Human Activities: No. Houses = 17 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Comments: Some new housing In area but forests are large and scattered so hunters unlikely to harvest excessive numbers of deer. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Mackinaw. Housing developments are Increasing throughout area. Area needs additional protection. 137 County: Stark Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Elmira, Bradford, Wyoming General Description: Sect. 9,10,14-16,21-26,35,36, T14N, R6E, Elmira Twp; Sect. 1-4,10-15,22-27,34, T13N, R6E, Toulon Twp; Sect. 5,8,17,20, T12N, R6E, Essex Twp; Sect. 19,21,28-30, T14N, R7E, Osceola Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 2.4 3.9 16.5 15.9 Shrub = 4.1 62.3 0.4 1.4 Pasture = 3.5 2.6 2.7 8.3 Crops = 77.5 0.0 79.9 74.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years - 19.8 46.4 74.8 125.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 165.2 10.4 300.4 228.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 50.9 42.7 30.4 23.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 13.8 0.0 0.0 28.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 4.4 0.0 13.3 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138 Human Activities: No. Houses = 16 7 19 28 Miles Light Duty Roads = 7.2 12.2 6.3 11.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Scattered private refuges. Some hunting in all sections. No public refuge. Harvest levels of 100+ per year from this area, the only forest cover remaining in Stark County. Comments: Strip mined area in Toulon Twp. Is now in early succession stage and improving as deer cover. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Site needs additional protection. 139 County: Will Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Wilton Center General Descriptions Sect. 2,3,10,11, T33N, R11E, Wilton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 $ of Total Forest = 9.9 Shrub = 0.3 Pasture = 1.2 Crops = 88.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 79.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 143.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 10.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 22.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 140 Human Activities: No. Houses = 70 Miles Light Duty Roads= 0.7 Miles Primary Roads= 4.9 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Forest all refuge (255.4 acres). Comments: Small area with primary roads present and surrounded by houses. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Too small to retain many deer. If isolated by housing deer will become an urban park. 141 County: Will, Cook Area: 2 7.5' Topos Steger General Description: Sect. 29-32, T35N, R14E, Bloom Twp, Cook County; Sect. 1,2,11,12, T34N, R13E, Monee Twp, Will County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 49.5 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 2.5 Crops = 0.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,268.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 142 Human Activities: No. Houses = 344 Miles Light Duty Roads= 33.0 Miles Primary Roads = 2.5 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Sauk Trail Preserve = 700 acres all in refuge. Comments: Urban site--Isolated from other areas. Future Prospects: Potential trouble location. Deer surrounded by city development and area becoming isolated urban park. 143 County: Will Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Dyer General Description: Sect. 5-8,12,13,18,22-24,26-28,33,34, T34N, R14E, R15E, Crete Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 19.7 29.7 Shrub = 4.3 9.1 Pasture = 6.1 2.0 Crops 55.2 57.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 268.7 313.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 26.2 320.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 19.5 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 121.5 32.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 68.7 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 144 Human Actv ities: No. Houses = 66 54 Miles Light Duty Roads= 15.5 11.0 Miles Primary Roads= 3.2 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: All refuge. Includes Plum Creek Forest Preserve (691 acres). Comments: Rapidly becoming urbanized. Future Prospects: Likely to become Isolated as urban areas expand. 145 County: W ll Area: 4 7.5' Topo: WIll ngton, Symerton, Elwood, Channahon General Description: Sect. 23,24,26-29,32-36, T34N, R9E, Channahon Twp; Sect. 1-6,9-15,22-24, T33N, R9E, Wilmington Twp; Sect. 16-20,29-36, T34N, R10E, Jackson Twp; Sect. 1-12,14-18, T33N, R10E, Florence Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 9.2 16.2 6.7 46.2 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 Pasture = 3.2 5.4 5.0 7.7 Crops = 79.5 70.9 76.9 44.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 29.6 310.2 127.0 813.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 56.6 105.0 0.0 331.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 66.4 0.0 0.0 37.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 82.7 0.0 45.7 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146 Human Activities. No. Houses = 40 29 30 139 Miles Light Duty Roads = 17.5 15.0 21.9 12.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 2.7 0.0 2.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 4,253 acre Des Plaines Conservation Area. Jollet Arsenal hunted by permit for gun hunting. The Arsenal contains some refuge (total area of arsenal = 2,558 acres). Comments: Deer very abundant on the Des Plaines area. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 40; 1982 - 79; 1984 - 61; 1985 - 105; 1986 - 74; 1987 - 153; 1988 - 157. Future Prospects: Deer control will be needed on Des Plaines area. Vegetation damage extensive. 147 County: Will Area: 5 7.51 Topo: Mokena General Descr iptIon: Sect. 22-27, T36N, R11E, Homer Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest - Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Up land Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bott~mland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 148 Human Activities None No. Houses = I les Light Duty Roads = Miles Primary Roads= MI es Interstate Roads = Refuge: 200-acre Messenger Woods. Comments: Isolated forest. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Will become urban park as site becomes surrounded by urban sprawl. 149 County: WIll Area: 6 7.51 Topo: Mokena General Description: Hickory Creek. Sect. 8,11-15, T35N, R11E, New Lenox Twp; Sect. 16-20, T35N, R12E, Frankfort Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub Pasture = Crops = Descr ption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 150 Human Activities: None No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= Miles Interstate Roads = Refuge: 160 acre Van Home Woods, 200+ acre Higlnbotham Woods. Comments: Urban encroachment. Future Prospects: These preserves will soon become urban parks. 151 REGION 3 The following counties were surveyed for wintering sites: Rock Island, Mercer, Henderson, Knox, Warren, Peoria, Putnam, Marshal l, Woodford, Tazewell, and Mason. The remaining counties in Region 3 contain abundant forest cover and deer do not move extensively to winter cover. 152 County: Henderson Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Oquawka, Keithsburg General Description: Big River State Forest. Sect. 1,2,6,11-14, T12N, R5W, Bald Bluff Twp; Sect. 22-26, 35,36, T12N, R5W, Oquawka Twp; Sect. 1,2, T11N, R5W, Oquawka Twp; Sect. 19,29-31, T12N, R4W, Bald Bluff Twp. nHabitat Description: No. of 4 M12 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 19.4 51.9 27.6 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 30.3 Pasture = 0.0 1.6 2.8 Crops = 80.5 35.1 39.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 8.4 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 101.5 442.1 213.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 395.7 480.2 479.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 3.2 14.6 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 395.4 0.0 Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 153 Human Activities: No. Houses = 2 40 58 Miles Light Duty Roads= 16.3 28.7 18.5 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mi Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: None. State Forest hunted heavily each year. Comments: 2,997-acre Big River State Forest will preserve habitat. Future Prospects: Favorable. State Forest has remained underdeveloped except for timber management activities (fire breaks, logging roads, etc). 154 County: Henderson Area: 2 7.51 Topo: Rozetta, Oquawka General Description: Sect. 26-28,32-34, T12N, R4W, Bald Bluff Twp; Sect. 3-8, 16-21,28-30,32-34, T11N, R4W, Rozetta Twp; Sect. 24,25, T11N, R4W, Oquawka Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 43.4 37.1 Shrub = 0.0 2.7 Pasture = 4.5 2.2 Crops = 52.1 57.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 41.2 242.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,047.3 664.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 22.2 30.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 11.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 155 Human Activities: No. Houses = 11 9 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.0 8.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Scattered private refuges. No public refuge. Comments: Extensive upland forests along bluffs of Mississippi River E. of city of Oquawka. Most forests are not pastured. Future Prospects: Uncertain but extensive nature of forest will offer deer protection from loss of forests because of scattered housing construction. 156 County: Henderson Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Gladstone General Description: Sect. 10-15,21-23,26,28, T10N, R5W, Gladstone Twp; Sect. 7,18, T1ON, R4W, Bigsvllle Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 10.9 Shrub = 0.9 Pasture = 4.4 Crops = 60.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 132.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 93.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 52.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottol and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 157 Human Activities: No. Houses = 11 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 M Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: None. Scattered hunting throughout the area. Comments: South Henderson Creek and smaller drainages that originate E. of Mississippi River, most forests are pastured. Future Prospects. Uncertain. No obvious threats although city of Gladstone could expand Into the S. Henderson Creek area. 158 County: Henderson Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Burl ngton, Iowa-Illinois General Description: Bottoms along Mississippi River. Sect. 22,23,26,27,31,32, T0ON, R6W, Gladstone Twp; Sect. 5-8,17,18, T9N, R5W, Stronghurst Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 41.1 34.1 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 (Rest water) Pasture = 1.7 0.0 Crops = 53.4 35.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 22.5 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 931.2 0.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 71.4 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 28.2 0.0 Bottom Iand Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 874.1 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 159 Human Activities, No. Houses = 13 43 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.1 0.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 M Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: All hunted. Bottoms are leveed so flooding Is controlled. Comments: Extensive forests offers deer protection from hunters. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Private Duck Clubs own some of this site, with continued ownership dependent on the fortunes of the waterfowl resource. 160 County: Henderson Area: 5 7.51 Topo: Lmaax, Stronghurst General Description: Sect. 3,4,6-9,11,16-18,27-30, T8N, R5W; Terre Haute Twp; Sect. 12-14,22-29,31-34, T8N, R6W, Lomax Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 22.1 45.3 34.5 Shrub = 0.1 0.0 2.7 Pasture = 3.5 4.5 0.0 Crops = 73.7 49.3 0.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 171.7 176.1 145.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 348.8 980.3 738.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 1.5 4.2 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 45.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 7.2 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 161 Human Activities: No. Houses = 6 11 11 Miles Light Duty Roads= 2.6 6.1 10.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.3 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Scattered private refuges but entire area is hunted. Comments: Bluff upland forests mostly free of I Ivestock. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 162 County: Knox Area: 1 7.51 Topo: North Henderson, Wataga General Description: Sect. 4-9,15-23, T12N, R1E, Henderson Twp; Sect. 31-36, T13N, R1E, Rio Twp; Sect. 13,14,21-27, T12N, R1W, Kelly Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 16.9 Shrub = 6.9 Pasture = 4.7 Crops = 71.2 DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 89.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 180.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 69.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 93.6 Bottoml and Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 163 Human Activities: No. Houses = 29 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.2 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 MI es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Scattered private refuges. Light hunting pressure throughout (based on kills). No public refuges. Comments: Forests are about 1/2 pastured, reducing understory cover for deer. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats at present. 164 County: Knox Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Victoria, WlIll amsfield, Appleton General Description: Sect. 18-36, T12N, R4E, Victoria Twp; Sect. 1-18,24,25, T11N, R4E, Truro Twp; Sect. 18-36, T12N, R3E, Copley Twp; Sect. 1-4,6-26,35,36, T11N, R3E, Persifer Twp; Sect. 13,22-27,34-36, T12N, R2E, Sparta Twp; Sect. 1-4,11-18,23-24, T11N, R2E, Knox Twp; Sect. 1,2,11,12, T10N, R3E, Haw Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 7 % of Total Forest = 43.4 35.8 28.9 18.4 27.4 16.2 31.4 Shrub = 2.4 0.0 1.6 4.9 17.0 6.8 3.7 Pasture = 0.0 3.6 5.4 1.1 1.4 2.1 5.5 Crops = 39.1 60.1 63.7 74.6 41.1 74.9 59.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 36.6 73.9 56.8 44.5 0.0 23.0 110.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 807.7 739.8 623.9 345.6 539.0 271.5 597.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 254.7 70.1 45.0 33.8 149.4 48.2 44.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 12.6 18.3 16.5 40.5 12.8 14.6 34.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.5 10.9 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 2.5 165 Human Activitiess No. Houses = 34 11 33 25 48 16 14 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.4 7.2 8.5 9.3 15.3 7.5 3.5 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mi les Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 2,355 acre State Park purchase (1986) in Snakeden hollow area. Some refuge around Spoon Lake. Scattered private refuge. Comments: Most of forest upland free from livestock. This large wintering area supports several hundred deer. Much of the area has been strip mined and Is succeeding to better deer cover. Future Prospects: Favorable for the foreseeable future. Expansion of the city of Galesburg may threaten portions of this large area. Needs additional public protection. Presence of Interstate has potential to kill more deer as numbers Increase around any refuges. Some housing developments beginning around strip mined lakes. 166 County: Knox Area: 3 7.5' Topo: MaQuon, DeLong General Description: Haw Creek Drainage. Sect. 9-16,23-28,33-36, T1ON, R2E, Orange Twp; Sect. 1,2,11-14, T9N, R2E, Chestnut Twp; Sect. 8,17-19, T10N, R3E, Haw Creek Twp; Sect. 4,5,7,8, T9N, R3E, MaQuon Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 14.4 Shrub = 0.2 Pasture = 0.8 Crops = 83.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 150.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 151.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 37.3 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 29.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottcaland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 32.9 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 167 Human Acti v ites: No. Houses = 9 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: About half the existing forests are pastured. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. Scattered nature of forests means any one threat will not eliminate potential to winter deer. 168 County: Knox Area: 4 7.5' Topo: DeLong General Description: Brush Creek drainage. Sect. 7,18,19,30,31, T1ON, R2E, Orange Twp; Sect. 5,6,8,9,17, T9N, R2E, Chestnut Twp; Sect. 10-15,23-26,35,36, T10N, R1E, Cedar Twp; Sect. 1,2, T9N, R1E, Indian Point Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 49.0 35.0 Shrub = 1.2 1.9 Pasture = 2.0 4.1 Crops = 47.5 57.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 136.3 138.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 818.8 492.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 49.2 126.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 250.7 140.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottooland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 29.9 169 Human Activities: No. Houses = 16 21 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.7 10.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Maybe some refuge around Lake Bracken. Comments: Most forests are free of livestock, are upland, and are maturing. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Developments moving out from Galesburg may threaten area in future years. Area needs public protection. 170 County: Marshal I Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Varna, Henry General Description: Sandy Creek, Brown Run. Sect. 1-3,8-13,16-21,30-32, T3ON, R2W, Hopewell Twp; Sect. 3-10,16,18,19,30, T30N, R1W, Roberts Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 16.1 Shrub 5.7 Pasture = 10.3 Crops = 55.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 279.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 88.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 44.5 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 171 Human Activities No. Houses = 8 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 MI Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Some refuge around Lake WI dwood and In Sections 19 & 20. Hopewel I Twp. and Sections 8 & 9 Roberts Twp. Comments: 24 deer counted on this site winter of 1982-83. Future Prospects; No public refuge available. No obvious threats. 172 County: Marshal I Area: 2 7.5' Topot Washburn, ChillIcothe General Description: Sect. 1,10-12,13-15,22-28,33-36, T29N, R3W, Lacon Twp; Sect. 5-8,17-24,26-34, T29N, R2W, Richland Twp; Sect. 17-20, T29N, R1W, Bell Plain Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 56.5 Shrub = 2.5 Pasture = 5.5 Crops = 43.4 DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 113.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 805.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 328.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 200.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottcmland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 173 Human Activities: No. Houses = 12 Miles Light Duty Roads= 16.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0 Refuge: 500-acres in Sections 13 & 14, Richland Twp, a private refuge. Comments: Gun kllIs have been < 8 per year (1977-1987) on 256 acre Marshall County Conservation Area (bottoms are not good deer range). 16 deer seen winter 82-83 in Sections 18-19, Richard Twp. 18 Deer seen In Sections 19-20 and 29-30, Bell Plain Twp. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 9; 1982 - 1; 1984 - 16; 1985 - 1; 1986 - 9; 1987 - 14; 1988 - 9. Future Prospects: No obvious threats. 174 County: Marshal I Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Lacon, Ch Illilcothe General Description: W. shore of Illinois River and bluffs. Sect. 1-3,10-15, 21-23,26-27,33-35, T12N, R9E, Steuben Twp; Sect. 22-27,34-36, T13N, R9E, Whitefleld Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 0 % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottanland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottaomiland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomaland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 175 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= MIles Interstate Roads = Refuge: 400-acre Cameron National Wildlife Refuge (all bottomland subject to floods); all the rest hunted except for a few small private refuges. Comments: 200-acre of the Marshall Co. Conservation Area protects some habitat. 24 deer were observed In Sections 21-22, 27-28, Steuben Twp. In the winter of 1982-83. Scattered deer seen in Sections 20,23,34, Whitefield Twp. In the winter of 1982-83. Future Prospects: No obvious threats. 176 County: Mason Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Forest City, Topeka, Duck Island, Manlto General Description: Sections 20-29,31-36, T23N, R7W, Quiver Twp; Sect. 29-31, T23N, R6W, Manito Twp; Sect. 1-16, T22N, R7W, Forest City Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 47.5 42.4 Shrub = 1.6 0.3 Pasture = 0.5 1.6 Crops = 35.3 38.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 13.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 960.1 1,003.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 257.1 67.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomoland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 177 Human Activities: No. Houses = 27 4 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.4 8.2 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge except around dwellings In State forest. Comments: 4,170 acre Sand Ridge State Forest protects habitat. The Sand soils support a somewhat Impoverished vegetation complex and limit understory cover. Future Prospects: Outlook good. Most of site In public forest. 178 County: Mason Area: 2 7.51 Topo: New Mansvllle, Kilbourne General Description: Sect. 13-15,21-28,33-35, T20N, R9W, Bath Twp; Sect. 2-5,9-16, T19N, R9W. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 45.6 Shrub = 2.1 Pasture = 0.1 Crops = 51.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 33.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,115.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 14.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 3.2 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 179 Human Activities: No. Houses = 1 Miles Light Duty Roads= 3.7 MIes Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,460 acre Sand Prairie-Shrub Oak Nature Preserve. Comments: Sand soils support a relatively Impoverished understory. Deer browsing pressure Is moderate but has not eliminated favored brouse species such as Sumac and Dogwood. Likely illegal deer hunting occurs each fall. Future Prospects: Nature preserve will protect habitat. 180 County: Mason Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Topeka, Biggs, Easton General Description: Sect. 10,11,13-15,22-25,27,34,35, T21N, R8W, Havana Twp; Sect. 16-20, T21N, R7W, Sherman Twp; Sect. 2,3,11-16,22-27,34,35, T20N, R8W, Kilbourne Twp; Sect. 10,11,15,16,20-23,25-30, T20N, R7W, Crane Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 30.3 18.3 28.4 18.2 Shrub = 1.6 0.5 1.5 7.4 Pasture = 1.1 0.2 0.3 2.6 Crops = 66.2 79.9 69.4 71.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 1.7 14.3 28.4 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 667.1 332.7 650.4 329.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 107.2 122.3 47.2 75.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottoland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 181 Human Activities: No. Houses = 9 23 10 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.6 6.1 8.7 10.3 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No publ c refuges. Scattered private refuges throughout. Comments: Extensive forest entirely upland types. Spring spotlight counts: 1982 - 15; 1984 - 18; 1985 - 8; 1986 - 6; 1987 - 9; 1988 - 40. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Topography and poor sandy soils limits clearence for agriculture. No obvious threats from urban development. 182 County: Mercer Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Viola, New Windsor General Descriptions Sect. 21-26,33-36, T14N, R2W, Greene Twp; Sect. 1-4, T13N, R2W, Suez Twp; Sect. 19-21,25-36, T14N, R1W, Rivoll Twp; Sect. 1-5, T13N, R1W, North Henderson Twp. Includes scattered woodlots east into Henry-Knox Cos. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 13.6 27.9 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 Pasture = 0.4 0.9 Crops = 85.8 71.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 76.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 299.4 638.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 49.9 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomuland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 183 Human Acti v ities: No. Houses = 25 26 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.1 10.0 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges on farms. Comments: Includes woodlots used as summer range only. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 184 County: Mercer Area: 2 7.5 1 Topo: Mathervll le, Orion General Description: Sect. 1-3,8-21,27-29, T15N, R1W, Richland Grove Twp; Sect. 18,23-26, T15N, R2W, Preemption Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 31.9 Shrub 0.0 Pasture = 8.8 Crops = 65.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 818.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 185 Human Activities: No. Houses = 43 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 186 County: Mercer Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Buffalo Prairie, Reynolds General Description: Sect. 12-14,22-27, T15N, R4W, Duncan Twp; Sect. 7,16-30, T15N, R3W, Perryton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 28.7 Shrub = 2.1 Pasture = 3.2 Crops = 65.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 18.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 618.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 42.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 56.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomiland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 187 Human Activities: No. Houses = 27 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.2 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 MIles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No publ Ic refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Much scattered summer range along creeks and rivers. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 188 County: Mercer, Rock Island Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Blanchard Island, Eliza General Description: Sect. 22-36, T16N, R5W, Drury Twp, Rock Island County; Sect. 1-12,14-17,19-24,28-29,32-33, T15N, R4W, Mercer County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 16.1 16.8 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 Pasture = 2.8 3.1 Crops = 81.1 80.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 20.5 82.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 391.6 348.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottom land Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 189 Human Activities: No. Houses = 25 15 Miles Light Duty Roads = 7.2 5.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No publ Ic refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Scattered summer ranges. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 190 County: Mercer Area: 5 7.5' Topo: Joy, Aledo West General Description: Sect. 9-16,21,23-25,28,32,33,36, T14N, R5W, New Boston Twp; Sect. 3-5,8-10,15,16, T14N, R5W, Kelthsburg Twp; Sect. 16-19,28-33, T14N, R4W, Millersburg Twp; Sect. 3-6,8-12, T13N, R4W, Abington Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 15.3 18.9 23.2 21.7 Shrub = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pasture = 0.0 2.7 0.3 4.4 Crops = 84.6 76.9 53.1 70.1 DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 388.8 354.0 42.0 360.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.1 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 2.2 131.9 550.8 120.8 Bottooland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 191 Human Activities: No. Houses = 15 6 12 69 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.7 6.8 5.7 9.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 740-acre Upper Mississippi Fish and Wildlife Refuge Is hunted in some years. Some scattered private refuges. Comments: Refuges may floodout at Intervals. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 192 County: Peor a Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Peoria West, Pekin General Description: Sect. 7-9,16-21,27-34, T8N, R7E, Limestone Twp; Sect. 1-11,15-21,28-30, T7N, R7E, Hallls Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 30.1 Shrub = 1.8 Pasture = 2.7 Crops = 64.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 57.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 583.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 63.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 67.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 193 Human Activities: No. Houses = 63 Mi les Light Duty Roads= 2.0 Miles Pri mary Roads= 0.8 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public Refuge. Some scattered private refuges. Comments: Forest abundant and welI scattered. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to cities of Peoria and Pekin. 194 County: Peeria Area: 2 7.51 Topo: Hanna City, Glasford General Description: Sect. 15-22,27,30-35, T8N, R6E, Logan Twp; Sect. 22-27,33-36, T8N, R5E, Trivoll Twp; Sect. 1-20,22-31, T7N, R5E, Timber Twp. Habitat Descriptions No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 23.5 Shrub = 2.4 Pasture = 4.2 Crops = 69.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 95.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 468.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 9.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 27.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 195 Human Activities: No. Houses = 34 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No publ Ic refuge. Scattered private refuge. Comments: Forest well scattered. Wintering sites continue west into Fulton County. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 196 County: Peoria Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Rome, Spring Bay General Description: Sect. 1-4,9-16,21-23,27,28,33,34, T11N, R6E, Hancock Twp; Sect. 4,5,8,9,15-17,20-22,27-29,32-34, T1ON, R8E, Medina Twp; Sect. 3,4,9,10,15,16,22, T9N, R8E, Richwoods Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 5 % of Total Forest = 73.4 56.5 51.8 45.9 45.0 Shrub = 0.8 0.0 8.2 0.2 0.4 Pasture = 0.9 1.8 3.6 0.6 2.5 Crops = 24.9 38.8 35.6 51.9 51.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 253.7 29.9 253.7 78.3 144.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,489.9 1,173.7 897.1 962.3 863.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 111.4 215.1 176.1 57.6 107.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 24.5 26.7 210.2 76.1 37.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 197 Human Activities: No. Houses = 312 49 134 23 26 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.5 2.6 12.6 8.3 6.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,860 acres of city and county parks. Scattered private refuges along river. Comments: Area needs additional public protection. At present forests are extensive and provide excellent wintering area for deer. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Area is very close to city of Peoria so is vulnerable to development as urban area expands. Parks may become enclaves of habitat surrounded by urban developments. 198 County: Peer a Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Dunlap, Oak HiII, Princevil le General Description: Sect. 14,15,19-23,27-32, T10N, R7E, Radmer Twp; Sect. 28,32-34, T11N, R6E, Princevllle Twp; Sect. 1-5,8-28,33-36, T10N, R6E, Jubilee Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 36.1 31.6 31.4 Shrub = 0.5 0.0 2.6 Pasture = 1.8 3.2 1.6 Crops = 53.1 64.4 64.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 117.8 150.2 188.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 765.0 395.0 405.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 15.1 113.1 174.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 25.2 149.9 33.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 44.2 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 22.2 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 34.6 0.0 0.0 199 Human Activities: No. Houses = 26 18 62 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.1 5.8 9.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,458-acre Jubilee State Park. 400 acres are archery hunted only. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Deer are very abundant in State Park. Future Prospects: State Park protects a core area. Close proximity of Peoria means area will likely be developed. 200 County: Peoria Area: 5 7.5' Topo: Oak HilI, Hanna City, Dunlap, Peoria West General Description: Sect. 2-11,13-16,20-30,33-36, T9N, R6E, Rosefleld Twp; Sect. 13-24,26-30,32-35, T9N, R7E, Kickapoo Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 23.0 24.2 Shrub = 2.8 5.6 Pasture = 1.6 1.9 Crops = 70.4 54.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 58.0 29.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 397.9 365.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 79.3 116.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 40.5 107.9 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 16.3 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 201 Human Activities: No. Houses = 91 43 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.9 17.8 MIles Primary Roads= 2.3 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 2.3 0.0 Refuge: No public refuges. Scattered private refuges only. Comments: Includes formally strip mined areas reverting to shrub-old field habitat. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. Strip mined areas should Improve as deer habitat. 202 County: Putnam Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Putnam General Description: Sect. 6,1-3,10-12,7,13,15,18,19,22-24,30-36, T14N, R9E, R10E, Senachwine Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 19.5 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 0.5 Crops = 79.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 103.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 397.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 203 Human Acti v ities: No. Houses = 46 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No publ Ic refuge. Numerous small refuges. Comments: 21 deer seen the winter of 1982-83. Upland forest is abundant. Future Prospects: Good. No obvious threats. Lake Thunderbird development could expand. 204 County Putnam Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Depue, Spring Valley General Description: Sect. 19-32,35,36, T33N, R11E, Granvlle Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 0 % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomal and Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 205 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= Ml I es Interstate Roads = Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forests along bluff line on north side of county. 14 deer seen during the winter of 1982-83. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 206 County: Putnam Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Florid, Henry General Description: Sect. 13-15,22-27,34-36, T32N, R2W, Hennepin Twp; Sect. 1-3,9-11,13-15,22-24, T31N, R2W, Magnolia Twp; Sect. 17-20,25,26,30,34-36,31, T31N, R1W, R2W, Magnolia Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 32.3 41.5 Shrub = 0.0 1.1 Pasture = 8.6 2.4 Crops = 58.9 51.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 5.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 263.5 697.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 564.6 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 329.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 31.9 207 Human Activities: No. Houses = 21 10 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.2 8.3 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 80 acre Park, State Nature Preserve. Scattered private refuges. Comments: A total of 108 deer counted on this area the winter of 1982-83. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 208 County: Rock Island Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Eliza, Illinois City, Buffalo Prairie Montpeller, Andalusia, Milan, Matherville General Description: Sect. 1-36, T16N, R5W, Drury Twp; Sect. 1-6,25-28,31-36, T17N, R4W, & T16N, R4W, Buffalo Prairie Twp; Sect. 25-36, T17N, R3W, Andalusia Twp; Sect. 25-36, T17N, R2W, Blackhawk Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 5 % of Total Forest = 58.2 39.4 35.9 41.2 38.1 Shrub = 1.2 10.0 4.2 0.0 2.3 Pasture = 2.6 2.8 1.7 3.3 4.9 Crops = 31.6 47.8 43.6 55.2 49.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 22.3 34.6 0.0 17.5 140.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,467.7 777.1 1,007.5 981.3 773.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 28.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 109.4 0.0 45.7 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209 Human Activities: No, Houses = 16 32 45 72 93 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.2 5.9 5.6 8.8 14.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 2.8 2.4 0.0 0.2 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,330-acre Lord Thunder Forest Preserve, 282 acre Mark Twain Fish and Wildlife Refuge. Comments: The area extends from the west boundry of the county east to the Quad cities area. River bluff forests along Mississippi River. Future Prospects: PublIc forests provide some protection but private forests under pressure from expansion of Quad cities. 210 County: Rock Island Area: 2 7.5' Topo: MI Ian, Matherv le,I Coal Valley General Description: Sect. 22-36, T17N, R1W, Coal Valley Twp; Sect. 25,36, T17N, R2W, Blackhawk Twp; Sect. 1,3-8, T16N, R1W, Rural Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None %of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr ptlon of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoa and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottaomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 211 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= Mi les Interstate Roads = Refuge: 220 acre Indian Bluff forest Preserve. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Area contiguous with bluff forests in Henry County to east and Rock Island Area #1 on the west. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Private forests vulnerable to expansion of urban areas associated with Quad cities. 212 County: Rock Island Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Sllvis, Port Byron General Description: Sect. 24,25,36, T19N, R2E, Port Byron Twp; Sect. 19,20,30-33, T19N, R3E, Coe Twp; Sect. 4-6,7-9,18, T18N, R2E, Zuma Twp; Sect. 1-3,8-17,20-23, T18N, R1E, Hampton Twp. Hab tat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr ption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottom Iand Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 213 Human Actv itles: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= Miles Interstate Roads = Refuge: No public refuges. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Bluff forests between the Rock and Mississippi Rivers. Forests are well scattered, entirely upland. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 214 County: Tazewel I Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Mackinaw General Description: Sect. 24-27,31-36, T25N, R2W, Deer Creek Twp; Sect. 1-12, T24N, R2W, Mackinaw Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest =11.9 31.2 Shrub = 2.1 1.9 Pasture = 4.0 1.2 Crops = 57.6 63.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 66.9 128.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 68.4 536.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 93.4 54.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 67.7 31.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 9.6 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 8.2 35.8 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 1.5 215 Human Activities: No, Houses = 27 57 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.7 12.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 60-acre State Nature Preserve on Parklands Recreation Area. Comments: 1,185-acre Parkland Recreation Area has controlled firearm and archery hunting. This area continues eastward into McLean and Woodford counties along the Mackinaw River. Spring spotlight counts: 1981- 16; 1982 - 23; 1984 - 10; 1985 - 18; 1986 - 22; 1987 - 33; 1988 - 19. Future Prospects: Parklands area protects a large tract of forest cover. Maraldo Lake development Is a threat to private upland forests. 216 County: TazewelI Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Delavan North, South Pekin, Hopedale General Description: Sect. 1-5,7-17,21-26, T23N, R4W, Dillon Twp; Sect. 8-10,12-21,27-30, T23N, R3W, Hopedale Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 14.4 21.8 12.1 Shrub = 0.1 0.6 0.1 Pasture = 2.0 1.9 1.4 Crops = 83.3 73.4 84.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 85.2 166.2 34.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 197.1 298.4 149.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 52.1 20.5 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 33.3 0.0 2.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 17.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 73.9 87.4 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.5 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 18.5 217 Human Activities: No. Houses = 23 19 9 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.2 7.8 6.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 80-acre Klemm Memorial Woods Comments: Scattered forests. Spring spotlight counts: 1981 - 0; 1984 - 11; 1985 - 0; 1986 - 6; 1987 - 5; 1988 - 5. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 218 County: Tazewill - Woodford Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Washington, Peoria East General Description: Sect. 3-9, T26N, R3W, Washington Twp; Sect. 1,11-14, T26N, R4W, Fondulac Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 16.1 Shrub = 1.5 Pasture = 3.1 Crops = 79.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 84.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 198.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 23.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 105.2 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 219 Human Activities: No. Houses = 26 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.9 Miles Primary Roads= 3.6 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 2,500+ acre Caterpillar Company Machine proving ground. Area is mostly refuges--some hunting by company personnel. Comments: Area extends N. along river bluffs Into Woodford County. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Area Integrity depends on Caterpillar Company retaining proving ground. Much pressure for development from Peoria--Pekin cities. 220 County: Tazewell Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Marquette Heights, Washington, Peoria East General Description: Sect. 1-12,17-22,27-33, T25N, R4W, Groveland Twp; Sect. 1,12,24,25,, T25N, R5W, Pekin Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 21.3 Shrub = 1.9 Pasture = 3.7 Crops = 69.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 49.4 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 402.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 62.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 11.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 13.8 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 6.5 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 221 Human Activities: No. Houses = 156 Miles Light Duty Roads= 0 Miles Primary Roads= 2.1 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 870-acre County Park. Comments: This area Is marginal because of human development in and around upland forests. Future Prospects: Poor. Encroachment by housing developments is already Isolating many tracts. County Park is too small and Includes too many people to provide a risk free wintering site. 222 County: Warren Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Greenbush, Rosevil le General Description: Sect. 6-8,16-18, T8N, R1W, Greenbush Twp; Sect. 1,2,7-17,20,21, T8N, R2W, Swan Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 21.1 17.1 Shrub = 0.0 2.1 Pasture = 1.8 0.7 Crops = 77.1 74.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 97.8 41.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 278.4 299.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 74.8 76.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 87.9 21.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 223 Human Activ It es: No. Houses = 16 14 Miles Light Duty Roads = 9.5 9.2 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 0.0 MI es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Twenty-one deer seen during aerial count In the winter of 1981-82. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 224 County: Warren Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Monmouth, Cameron, Galesburg West General Description: Sect. 2-4,7-11,13-16,18,19,21,23-25, T11N, R2W, Monmouth Twp; Sect. 18-24,27-31, T11N, R1W, Coldbrook Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 28.9 18.2 28.4 Shrub = 0.5 2.1 1.9 Pasture = 2.9 6.9 2.1 Crops = 67.3 68.3 61.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 55.1 217.6 200.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 394.5 219.8 298.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 231.7 0.0 120.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 61.0 16.8 100.3 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 11.9 6.7 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 Human Activities: No. Houses = 13 30 35 Miles Light Duty Roads = 9.5 11.9 8.9 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 2.2 0.0 MI les Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No publ c refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Scattered forests. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 226 County: Warren-Knox Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Ablngdon General Description: Sect. 10-15,22-27,34-36, T10N, R1W, Floyd Twp; Sect. 1-3, 10,14,15, T9N, R1W, Berwick Twp In Warren County; Sect. 17-19,29,30,32, T10N, R1E, Cedar Twp, Knox County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 21.1 Shrub = 1.7 Pasture = 6.8 Crops = 70.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 496.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 11.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomiland Pastured > 50 Years = 21.7 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years= 11.9 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 227 Human Activities: No. Houses = 13 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No pubilc refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Scattered forests. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 228 County: Warren-Henderson Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Kirkwood West, Raritan, Roseville General Description: Sect. 10-14,23,24, T9N, R4W, Media Twp, Henderson County; Sect. 17-21,28,29,32,33, T9N, R3W, Elllson Twp, Warren County. Habitat Descriptions No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 23.7 Shrub = 2.2 Pasture = 1.9 Crops = 72.1 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 78.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 459.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 60.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 8.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 229 Human Activities: No. Houses = 14 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Small forest area available. Mostly summer ranges. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threat. 230 County: Warren-Knox Area: 5 7.51 Topo: N. Henderson General Description: Sect. 13-15,22-27, T12N, R1W, Kelly Twp, Warren County; Sect. 16-21,29,30, T12N, RIE, Henderson Twp, Knox County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 31.9 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 2.3 Crops = 64.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 307.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 474.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 30.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 4.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 231 Human Activities: No. Houses = 36 Miles Light Duty Roads = 9.9 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 MiI es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No publ Ic refuge. Scattered private refuge. Comments: Small, rather Isolated forests. Mostly summer ranges. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Galesburg. 232 County: Woodford, Marshall, McLean Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Germantown HllIs, Ch llcothe, Washburn, Metamora General Description: 1-3,10-16,22-28,31-36, T28N, R3W, Partridge Twp; Sect. 4-8,16-21,29-32, T28N, R2W, Cazenovia Twp; Sect. 1-21,32-34, T27N, R3W, Worth Twp; Sect. 6-8, T27N, R2W, Metamora Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 52.5 30.4 39.4 40.7 Shrub = 0.1 3.9 2.7 1.2 Pasture = 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 Crops = 45.4 64.3 56.3 56.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 84.2 8.4 24.2 62.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,177.0 767.2 964.0 883.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 30.9 0.0 5.2 90.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 52.1 3.7 15.6 6.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 233 Human Activities: No. Houses = 18 17 26 22 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.6 10.9 8.4 5.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 281-acre County Park; 1,151 acre Evergreen Lake on east of this site. Comments: Deer abundant In Evergreen Lake Park. Abundant forests extend N. Into Marshall County and east along Mackinaw River (see McLean site #4). Future Prospects: No obvious threats. 234 REGION 4 Only Cass County surveyed for deer concentrations. Deer do not exhibit winter concentration behavior in the remaining counties in Region 4. 235 County: Cass Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Arezvllle East General Description: Sect. 1-4,8-12,16-21,28-30,32-34, T17N, R11W, Arenzvllle Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 22.8 Shrub = 3.2 Pasture = 2.3 Crops 69.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 55.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 400.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 88.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 39.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 236 Human Activities: No. Houses = 25 Miles Light Duty Roads= 18.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Area lies south and west of larger wintering sites. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 237 County: Cass Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Clear Lake, Chandlersville General Description: Sect. 8-30, T19N, R11W, Lynchburg Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 86.2 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 0.0 Crops = 2.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 170.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 BottomlIand Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 1,279.7 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 927.5 238 Human Activities: No. Houses = 2 Miles Light Duty Roads= 1 .4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 9,300-acre Sanganois Conservation Area. Comments: Deer must avoid floods. Dikes within bottoms and adjacent uplands provide an escape route away from flooded area. Future Prospects: Good. Protected by public ownership and the near wilderness of sloughs and forests existing on the state lands. 239 County: Cass Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Newmansville, Virginia, Chandlersvl le General Description: Sect. 10-17,19-24, T18N, R11W, Bluff Springs Twp; Sect. 9-29, 34-36, T18N, R10W, Sangamon Valley Twp; Sect. 32-36, T19N, R9W, Chandlersville Twp; Sect. 1-10,13-24,29,30, T18N, R9W, Panther Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 5 % of Total Forest = 28.2 31.1 17.6 21.2 33.8 Shrub = 4.6 2.9 8.1 3.8 3.1 Pasture 2.4 5.7 1.7 6.7 2.2 Crops 64.6 60.2 72.4 68.3 60.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 103.7 19.0 50.9 23.0 91.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 380.1 424.3 216.1 190.4 381.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 173.1 234.9 89.4 51.9 268.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 65.5 118.6 92.9 278.4 123.3 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 Human Activities: No. Houses = 10 10 18 3 8 Miles Light Duty Roads= 8.4 3.6 15.2 5.4 8.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mi les Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Panther Creek Conservation Area (758 acres) is firearm hunted. Spring spotlight counts: 1981-0; 1982 - 5; 1984 - 17; 1985 - 33; 1986 - 25; 1987 - 15; 1988 - 25. Also Includes the 12,000 acre Site M area owned by Commonwealth Edison. Future Prospects: Panther Creek protects the core of this area. All or portions of Sect. 3-5,8-11,13-17,20-28,34-36, T18, R9W, Panther Creek Twp; Sect. 1,2,11,12 T17N, R9W, Philadelphia Twp; Sect. 7,18,19,30,31, T18N, R8W, Newmansvllle Twp, are within the proposed Illinois Dept. of Military affairs purchase area. This site would be fenced and used as a military training area. The Impact on deer habitat Is unknown at present, but the enclosed herd would need controlling soon after enclosure. 241 County: Cass Area: 4 7.5, Topo: Arenzvllle West, Cooperstown General Description: Sect. 2-3,7-10,15-21,30,31, T17N, R12W, Hagener Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 24.6 Shrub = 2.3 Pasture = 2.1 Crops = 70.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 39.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 540.8 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 15.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 34.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 242 Human Activities: No. Houses = 13 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,023 Meredosla National Wildlife Refuge is close but subject to periodic flooding. Comments: Scattered upland forests. Just east of Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge. Refuge Is mostly floodprone bottoms and best habitat occurs on uplands. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 243 REGION 5 All counties In the region surveyed for winter deer concentrations. 244 County: Champaign Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Mahomet, Rising General Description: Sect. 25-27,35,36, T21N, R7E, Newcomb Twp; Sect. 1,2,11,12,14,15, T20N, R7E, Mahomet Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 13.4 Shrub = 3.6 Pasture = 4.9 Crops = 78.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 36.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 29.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 219.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 20.3 Bottom Iand Pastured > 50 Years = 10.6 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 25.4 Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 245 Human Activities: No. Houses = 101 Miles Light Duty Roads= 18.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 250-acre Lake-of-the-Woods County Forest Preserve; 80-acre Busch Woods, a private refuge; 60-acre Hart Woods, owned by University of Illinois. Comments: This area supports 50-100 deer each winter. Future Prospects: Uncertain. The County Park is vulnerable to over development on uplands. Surrounding private lands are being sold for housing developments. 246 County: Champaign Area: 2 7.5' Topo: St. Joseph, Homer General Description: Sect. 30-32, T19N, R14W, Ogden Twp; Sect. 6, T18N, R14W, South Homer Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 21.5 Shrub = 5.4 Pasture = 4.8 Crops = 68.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 17.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 46.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 256.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 7.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 12.4 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 143.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 66.7 247 Human Activities: No. Houses = 27 Miles Light Duty Roads= 10.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 665-acre Salt Fork Forest Preserve. Comments: Refuge shelters 50-100+ deer per winter. Winter severity dictates deer location around refuge. Deer are also found 2 miles east and 2 miles west of refuge In most winters. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Excessive preserve development could force deer off the preserve. All existing uplands should be retained. 248 County: Champaign Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Rankin, Penfield General Description: Sect. 5-9,16,17,21, T22N, R14W, Kerr Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 15.1 Shrub = 7.6 Pasture = 3.7 Crops = 73.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 31.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 53.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 251.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years= 6.4 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 42.0 249 Human Activities: No. Houses = 7 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,228-acre Middle Fork River Forest Preserve. Comments: At least 200 deer on the Preserve In the winter of 1988-89. Depending on winter severity, deer spread 2-3 miles north and south of preserve. Future Prospects: Outlook is good. This preserve Is managed for wild experience and Is currently undeveloped. At present (1989) this site is the best wintering area remaining In Champaign County and through dispersals, provides deer to restock ranges in much of Ford County along the upper Middle Fork and Sangamon Rivers. 250 County: Champaign Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Thomasborc) General Description: Sect. 34, T20N, R9E, Saner Twp; Sect. 1-3,10-12, T19N, R9E, Urbana Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 $ of Total Forest = 5.5 Shrub = 7.3 Pasture = 1.8 Crops = 84.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 46.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 88.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 2.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 2.5 Bottoom and Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 251 Human Activities: No. Houses = 55 Miles Light Duty Roads = 6.0 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 2.0 Refuge: 279 acre University of Illinois Natural Area (Trelease Woods, Brownfleld Woods, Phlilpps tract, prairie). Comments: Up to 40 deer were present In the winter of 1988-89, almost within the city limits of Champaign-Urbana. Future Prospects: The existing forests will be reserved. The presence of an Interstate highway and limited forested corridors creates high deer mortality. This area Is < 1 mile from east edge of large city. Limited forest area and the likelihood of death for many dispersers will limit deer numbers wintering on this site. 252 County: Christian Area: 1 7.5' Topo WIlleys, Assumption General Description: Sect. 1-3,9,10,16,17,20, T13N, R1W, May Twp; Sect. 4-6, T13N, R1E, Prairleton Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Up Iand Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomaland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomal and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 253 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= MIles Interstate Roads = Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Area lies along Flat Branch. Most of forest is bottomland subject to periodic floods. Marginal wintering site. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Forest area limited to immediate creek bottoms and sides of bluffs. No obvious threats. 254 County: Christian, Sangamon Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Kincald, Edinburg General Description: Sect. 13,23,24, T14N, R3W, Cotton Twp, Sangamon County; Sect. 17-20,25,29-32,36,1,2,4-6, T13N, R3W, South Fork Twp, Christian County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 %of Total Forest = 9.3 Shrub = 19.1 Pasture = 1.3 Crops = 37.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 24.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 72.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 83.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 39.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 9.6 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 11.1 255 Human Activities: No. Houses = 4 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.2 Miles Primary Roads= 2.9 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: Portions of 1,414 acre Sangchrls Lake State Park. Comments: State Park is hunted by firearm and archery hunters. Hunters limited by permit, move than 300 deer present In mid-1980's. Future Prospectst Outlook good on park. 256 County: Christian Area: 3 7.5' Topo. Kincald, Taylorville, Morrisonville General Description: Sect. 1-3,10-12,15,16,20-23,28,29, T12N, R3W, Bear Creek Twp; Sect. 24,25,36, T13N, R3W, South Fork Twp; Sect. 25,26,30,31,34-36, T13N, R2W, Taylorvllle Twp; Sect. 1-6,7-9, T12N, R2W, Johnson Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest 17.2 Shrub = 1.1 Pasture = 4.4 Crops = 77.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 47.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 191 .4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 9.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 21.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 129.4 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottamland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 41.5 257 Human Activitles: No. Houses = 28 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.3 Miles Primary Roads= 2.2 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: About half of forest cover In bottoms subject to periodic floods. Future Prospects: Close to city of Taylorvill e. Al I existing uplands along south fork should be retained. Any shift of forest to more bottomland types will reduced deer abundance. 258 County: Dew tt Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Kenney, Clinton, Waynesvllle East, Maroa General Description: Sect. 35,36, T20N, R1E, Barnet Twp; Sect. 1-4,9-12, T19N, R1E, Turnbrldge Twp; Sect. 3-5,7,8,10-18, T19N, R2E, Texas Twp; Sect. 4,5,7,8,18, T19N, R3E, Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 30.8 Shrub = 2.9 Pasture = 3.1 Crops = 56.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 54.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 271.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 259.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 39.3 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 164.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 BottomlIand Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 259 Human Activities: No. Houses = 12 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.7 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 100-acre Mettler Woods; 325-acre Weldon Springs State Park. Scattered pr Ivate refuges. Comments: Area I es southwest of Clinton along Salt Creek. Forests are well scattered as are refuges. Future Prospects: No obvious threats. 260 County: Dewitt Area: 2 7.5' Topo: DeWitt, Farmer City South, Clinton General Description: Sect. 30,31, T21N, R4E, Rutledge Twp; Sect. 25,35,36, T21N, R3E, Wilson Twp; Sect. 1-3,10,11,14,15,21-28,32-34, T20N, R3E, Harp Twp; Sect. 1,2,10-12,14-17,19,20,30 T20N, R4E, Dewitt Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 16.9 17.0 20.8 Shrub = 13.4 13.4 9.1 Pasture = 1.6 1.6 4.0 Crops = 44.1 44.0 65.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 122.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 227.2 227.7 319.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 207.5 207.2 32.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 58.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.6 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 261 Human Activities: No. Houses = 0 0 18 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.3 4.5 2.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: North shore of 9,866-acre Clinton Lake area. Inviolate refuge around nuclear reactor. Rest of area has archery hunting only. Comments: Deer are increasing rapidly on both sides of cooling lake. Future Prospects: Outlook good during life of Power Plant. 262 County: DewI tt Area: 3 7.5' Topot Dewitt, Farmer City South General Description: Sect. 1-4,9,10, T19N, R3E, Creek Twp; Sect. 12-15,21,28,29,31,32, T20N, R4E, Dewltt Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest Shrub = Pasture = Crops Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottamland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottcl and Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 263 Human Activitles: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= MI les Interstate Roads = Refuge: South shore of 9,866 acre ClI nton Lake area. Archery hunting only. Comments: Archery hunting only along south shore of lake. Deer Increasing rapidly. Future Prospects: Outlook good during life of Power Plant. 264 County: Logan Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Broadwell, Lincoln West, Middleton General Description: Sect. 1-5,7,11-14,23-25 T19N, R3W, Broadwell Twp; Sect. 8-17,21-24, T19N, R4W, Corwin Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 31.9 7.7 Shrub = 1.0 5.0 Pasture = 1.3 0.4 Crops = 65.6 71.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 93.9 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 527.6 72.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 39.3 78.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 40.3 16.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 3.7 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 110.9 18.5 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 2.2 11.4 265 Human Activities: No. Houses = 7 68 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.3 15.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 844-acre Ra I splitter State Park. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Deer abundant on State Park. Future Prospects: Uncertain except on Park. Park Is small and could be over developed for recreation. Close to city of Lincoln. 266 County: Logan Area: 2 7.5' Topos Armlngton General Description: Sect. 1-5,8-12,16-18,20,21,30, T21N, R2W, Eminence Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 26.1 Shrub =2.4 Pasture = 1.2 Crops = 69.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 62.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 381.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 57.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 93.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 73.1 Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 267 Human Activities: No. Houses = 25 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No publ ic refuge. Only a few scattered private refuges. Comments: Area along Sugar Creek Is heavily hunted each year. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No protection for habitat but no obvious threats. 268 County: Macon Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Argenta, Weldon West General Description: Sect. 7,8,18,19,24,25,30,31, T18N, R3E, R4E, Friends Creek Twp; Sect. 5,6,8,9,16-18, T17N, R4E, Whitmore Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 27.6 Shrub = 1.9 Pasture = 3.8 Crops = 65.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 81.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 185.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 42.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 128.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 119.3 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 74.1 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 76.6 269 Human Activities: No. Houses = 14 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mi Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 423 acre Friends Creek Park; several private refuges at Junction of Friends Creek and Sangamon River. Comments: Deer abundant along Friends Creek. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Lake Decatur development and urban sprawl from Decatur along Friends Creek could destroy upland forest. 270 County: Macon Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Harristown General Description: Sect. 17-20,30, T16N, R2E, Decatur Twp; Sect. 13,22-28,33,34, T16N, FR1E, Harr stown Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr Iption of Forest (Acres) Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 271 Human Activities: No. Houses = MIles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= MI I es I nterstate Roads = Refuge: 1,343-acre Rock Springs Center, Macon Co. Conservation District; 50-acre Lincoln Trail Homestead State Park. Comments: Deer Increasing on refuge and are moving off refuge along Sangamon River. Future Prospects: Refuge protects core of wintering area. Urban sprawl from city of Decatur spreading along Sangamon River, particularly Into upland forests. 272 County: Macon Area 3 7.5' Topo: Long Creek€ General Description: Sect. 26,34, T16N, R3E, Long Creek Twp; Sect. 1-3,12, T15N, R3E, Mount ZIon Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr pt on of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Up Iand Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottom and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomanand Not Pastured < 50 Years = 273 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads= Miles Primary Roads= Mlles Interstate Roads = Refuge: 180-acre Spittler Woods State Nature Preserve. Comments: Refuge protects largest upland tract. Remaining forest exists as 20-40 acre tracts along Big Creek. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to Decatur urban area. Upland forests in jeopardy without public protection. 274 County: Menard Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Tallula, Oakford General Description: Sect. 4-6,8,9, T17N, R7W; Sect. 6,7,18,19,30,31, T18N, R7W; Sect. 1-3,10-12,13,14,23-25,36 T18N, R8W; Sect. 22,26,27,34-36 T19N, R8W (No township designations In this county). Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 33.7 Shrub = 2.5 Pasture = 4.9 Crops = 58.8 Description of Forest (Acres). Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 120.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 471.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 175.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 96.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 275 Human Activities: No. Houses = 7 MIles Light Duty Roads= 4.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forests scattered along Cleary Creek. Spring spotlight counts: 1984 - 13; 1985 - 0; 1986 - 6, 1987 - 6. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 276 County: Menard-Sangamon Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Petersburg, Athens, Sallsbury, Farmlngdale General Description: Sect. 5-9,16-23,26-35, T18N, R6W; Sect. 1-11,13-18, T17N, R6W; Sect. 25,35,36, T18N, R7W; Sect. 13-15, T17N, R7W, all In Menard County; Sect. 25-27,34-36, T17N, R8W, Cartwrlght Twp; Sect. 26-36, T17N, R6W, Salisbury Twp, all In Sangamon County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 5 % of Total Forest = 23.7 25.6 27.1 21.2 14.9 Shrub = 3.2 3.2 1.0 5.4 1.9 Pasture 3.3 5.3 2.2 3.8 1.7 Crops 68.3 65.5 67.9 68.6 81.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 31.1 11.4 108.4 57.8 103.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 233.7 270.2 252.2 332.7 226.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 233.7 338.1 159.1 26.4 18.3 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 107.7 37.1 106.5 94.4 32.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 6.4 68.4 8.2 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 0.0 Bottoaland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 277 Human Activities: No. Houses = 27 10 65 24 14 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.9 8.0 9.2 5.1 7.6 Miles Primary Roads' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge; 500-acre New Salem State Park. Scattered private refuges. Large private refuge long Sangamon River south of Petersburg. Comments: Deer Well scattered In winter along Sangamon River. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 278 County: MoultrIe Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Lovington, Kirksvllle General Description: Sect. 16,17,20,21,28,29,32, T15N, R5E, Lovington Twp; Sect. 3-5,8,9,17-20,30,31, T14N, R5E, Sullivan Twp; Sect. 24-27,35,36, T14N, R4E, Marrowbone Twp; Sect. 1-3,10,11, T13N, R4E, Marrowbone Twp. Habitat DescrIption: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest 13.3 14.9 Shrub = 0.8 0.8 Pasture = 0.9 0.4 Crops = 84.3 76.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 70.1 42.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 132.4 251.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 47.2 64.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 41.7 24.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 48.4 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 279 Human Activities: No. Houses = 19 38 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.7 15.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No Public Refuge. Scattered private refuges along river. Comments: 6,400 acre West Okaw River State F & W area Is hunted by firearm and archery hunters. Future Prospects: Good for retention of forests along reservoir. Forests along upper reaches of West Okaw River has no protection. 280 County: Moultrle Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Sullivan, Kirksvllle General Description: Sect. 3-5,8-11,14-21,30,31, T13N, R6E, East Nelson Twp; Sect. 3-11, T12N, R6E, Whitley Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 14.9 Shrub = 0.9 Pasture = 0.9 Crops = 66.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 33.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 129.9 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 62.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 13.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 123.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 9.4 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 8.2 281 Human Activitles: No. Houses = 67 Miles Light Duty Roads= 12.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Comments: Kaskaskla State Fish and Wildlife area protects habitat along lower portion of Kaskaskla River where enters Lake Shelbyville. Future Prospects: Good. No obvious threats. 282 County: Moultrie Area: 3 7.5' Topos Kirksville, Sullivan General Description: Sect. 15,18-26,30, T13N, R5E, Sullivan Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 20.7 Shrub = 3.2 Pasture = 0.0 Crops = 60.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 64.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 386.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 58.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 20.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 283 Human Activities: No. Houses = 47 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Mil es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: U.S. Army Corp. lands are open to hunting. Scattered private refuges. North shore of Lake Shelbyville. Comments: Area is north shore of Lake Shelbyvllle between the West Okaw and Kaskaskia Rivers. Deer move between these areas along reservoir. Future Prospects: Good. Further recreation development may threaten some upland forest. 284 County: PIatt Area: 1 7.51 Topo: Weldon East, Bement, Monticello, Cerro Gordo General Description: Sect. 14, T18N, R5E, Monticello Twp; Sect. 19-23,27-31, 36,1,2,10,11, T17N, T18N, R4E, Willow Branch Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 36.5 Shrub = 1.3 Pasture = 5.3 Crops = 56.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 4.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 244.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 358.2 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 4.9 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 219.8 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 101.3 285 Human Activities: No. Houses = 8 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,500-acre Robert Al lerton Park Comments: In 1988-89 there were about 200 deer wintering on the area. Future Prospects: The Park protects a core area of habitat. Extensive flooding on the Sangamon River bottomlands has so far protected the bottomland forests that are privately owned. These bottoms are avoided by deer In winter. 286 County: PIatt Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Monticello General Description: Sect. 15,16,20,21,29-31,33,34, T19N, R6E, Sangamon Twp; Sect. 5,6, T18N, R6E, Monticello Twp; Sect. 1,12, T18N, R5E, Willow Branch Twp; Sect. 26,27, 35,36, T19N, R5E, Goose Creek Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 18.8 Shrub = 0.1 Pasture = 0.8 Crops = 79.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 46.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 44.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 91.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 39.5 Bottom land Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 205.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 54.3 287 Human Activities: No. Houses = 32 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.7 Miles Primary Roads= 1.5 Miles Interstate Roads = 2.4 Refuge: 590-acre Lodge Park County Forest Preserve. In the 1980s, 15-30 deer wintered on the park each year. Comments: In less severe winters deer remain along Goose and Camp creeks away from the refuge. The high speed highways present kill a high proportion of deer from this area. Future Prospects: Except for Forest Preserve, remaining forest is vulnerable to destruction from housing developments which are Increasing each year. 288 County: PIatt-ChampaIgn Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Mahomet, Seymour General Description: Sect. 20,29,31, T20N, R7E, Mahomet Twp, Champaign County; Sect. 25,35,36, T20N, R6E, Blue Ridge Twp; and Sect. 1,2,11,12, T19N, R6E, Sangamon Twp, PIatt County. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 20.4 Shrub = 0.5 Pasture = 4.8 Crops = 73.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 8.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 107.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 93.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 64.0 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 217.1 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 32.6 289 Human Activ ltes: No. Houses = 24 MIles Light Duty Roads= 11.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuges. Scattered private refuges. Comments: This area supports 10-20 deer each winter. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Vulnerable to conversion to housing developments. 290 County: Sangamon Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Athens, Springfield East & West General Description: Sect. 33-36, T17N, R4W, Fancy Creek Twp; Sect. 1-8,10,11, T16N, R5W, Springfield Twp; Sect. 1,2,11,12, T16N, R6W, Gardner Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 35.3 Shrub = 0.4 Pasture = 0.0 Crops = 58.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 21.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 120.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 13.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 42.2 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 22.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 626.1 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 10.6 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 48.4 291 Human Activities: No. Houses = 70 Miles Light Duty Roads= 5.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.2 Mi Ies Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: 1,000+ acres in Springfield City Parks (Carpenter & Riverside). Comments: Deer abundant in City Parks. Much of the remaining forest is bottomland that is periodically flooded and unavailable as deer cover. Spring spotlight counts: 1982 - 0; 1984 - 4; 1985 - 5; 1986 - 7; 1987 - 11; 1988 - 5. Future Prospects: Uncertain away from the city parks. All existing uplands should be retained for deer protection during periods of bottomland flooding. 292 County: Sangamon Area: 2 7.5' Topot Mechanicsburg, Springfield East General Description: Sect. 15,16,21-28,35,36, T16N, R4W, Clear Lake Twp; Sect. 1,2, T15N, R4W, Rochester Twp; Sect. 21-24,28,29,31-35, T16N, R3W, Mechanicsburg Twp; Sect. 4-6,7-10, T15N, R3W, Cooper Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 28.7 Shrub = 0.0 Pasture = 1.2 Crops = 66.7 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 91.9 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 200.6 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 81.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 36.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 27.4 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 257.4 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 40.3 293 Human Activities: No. Houses = 121 Miles Light Duty Roads= 9.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Numerous small private refuges. Comments: A significant amount of forest Is bottomland subject to flooding. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Springfield. Uplands vulnerable to conversion to housing developments. 294 County: Sangamon Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Farmingdale, Springfield West General Description: Sect. 25-29,31-33, T16N, R6W, Gardner Twp; Sect. 34-36, T16N, R7W, Cartwright Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 11.0 Shrub = 0.3 Pasture = 0.5 Crops = 87.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 258.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 20.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 3.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 295 Human Activities: No. Houses = 20 Miles Light Duty Roads= 3.0 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 M I es Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered small private refuge. Comments: Marginal wintering area. Forests scattered and small except for 2 large parcels (100+ acres). Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Springfield. Needs public refuge protection. 296 County: Sangamon Area: 4 7.5 1 Topo: Chatham General Description: Sect. 30-32, T15N, R5W, Woodside Twp; Sect. 25-27,34,35, T14N, R6W, Chatham Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None $ of Total Forest = Shrub = Pasture = Crops = Descr I ption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Up land Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottol and Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Pastured < 50 Years = Botto•land Not Pastured < 50 Years = 297 Human Acti v ities No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads = Miles Primary Roads= MI les Interstate Roads = Refuge: No public refuges. Comments: 20+ deer seen In February 1989, In Section 25, Curran Twp. Appears more suitable for summer range. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to Lake Springfield. 298 REGION 6 Only Coles, Douglas, Edgar, and Vermilion counties surveyed for winter deer concentrations. Remaining counties well forested and deer do not concentrate together In winter during most years. 299 County: Coles Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Oakland, Ashmore General Description: Sect. 20-23,27,28,33-36, T14N, R10E, Morgan Twp; Sect. 1-4,9-16,20-23,28-32, T13N, R10E, Ashmore Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 %of Total Forest = 38.2 22.2 Shrub = 1.8 1.7 Pasture = 1.1 1.5 Crops = 56.2 72.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 21.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 852.9 422.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 41.5 22.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 29.9 29.1 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 4.2 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 52.4 58.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 10.1 300 Human Activities: No. Houses = 18 14 Miles Light Duty Roads= 4.8 9.5 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 301 County: Coles Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Ashmore, Westfield West, Charleston South General Description: Sect. 1-4,9-12,16,21-23,27-29, T12N, R10E, Ashmore Twp; Sect. 5-8,17-20,29,30,24-28,33-36, T12N, R9E, R10E, Charleston Twp; Sect. 1,11-14, T11N, R9E, Hutton Twp; Sect. 2-10,15,22, T11N, R9E, Pleasant Grove Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 35.6 26.9 51.7 47.4 Shrub = 3.1 3.2 0.9 1.4 Pasture = 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.2 Crops = 59.4 63.2 46.9 50.5 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 50.9 84.0 43.5 73.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 706.2 515.0 1,129.5 967.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 63.0 23.0 36.3 17.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 37.8 31.9 22.0 43.2 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 42.5 37.1 89.7 104.7 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 302 Human Activities: No. Houses = 33 55 103 63 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.0 12.6 4.7 6.6 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,435-acre Fox Ridge State Park refuge from firearms until 1987 when controlled firearm hunting permited. Scattered pr vate refuges. Comments: Extensive forests along Embarras River. Future Prospects: Good. Some threat from housing development associated with city of Charleston. 303 County: Coles Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Charleston South, Matton East General Description: Sect. 17,19-22, T12N, R9E, Charleston Twp; Sect. 21-27, T12N, R8E, LaFayette Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 %of Total Forest = 21.4 Shrub = 1.9 Pasture = 0.5 Crops = 75.7 Description of Forest CAcres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 44.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 430.0 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 5.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 26.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 4.2 Bottom land Not Pastured > 50 Years = 17.3 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 20.7 304 Human Activities: No. Houses = 51 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 M les Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No publIc refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Scattered forests along Kickapoo Creek west of Charleston. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Development Is Increasing along State Route 16 corr dor. 305 County: Douglas Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Arthur, Arcola General Description: Sect. 21,22,26,27,35, T15N, R7E, Bourbon Twp; Sect. 1,2,11,13, T14N, R7E, Bourbon Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest =16.3 13.8 Shrub = 0.7 0.2 Pasture = 0.4 0.1 Crops =79.5 84.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 35.1 44.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 189.7 126.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 30.1 0.0 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 5.9 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 14.8 3.2 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 126.7 147.5 Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = 5.7 22.7 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 14.3 4.0 306 Human Activities: No. Houses = 28 27 Miles Light Duty Roads= 7.3 9.3 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 100 acre Rockhome Gardens offers small refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: About half of existing forest Is flood prone bottomland. Area extends along Kaskaskla River south Into Coles County. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats but forest is limited to bluffs and floodplain of river. 307 County: Douglas Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Oakland General Description: Sect. 27,28,33-36,1-3,11,12, T15N, T14N, R10E, Sargent Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 22.8 18.4 Shrub = 4.5 1.5 Pasture = 0.4 1.0 Crops = 72.0 77.8 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 128.9 60.5 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 353.0 177.1 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 7.4 24.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 25.6 49.9 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 63.5 145.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 2.5 0.0 Bottom land Not Pastured < 50 Years = 3.5 13.3 308 Human Activitles: No. Houses = 30 11 Miles Light Duty Roads= 17.3 5.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 630 acre Walnut Polnt State Park. Comments: Deer abundant on State Park. Future Prospects: Uncertain away from State Park. No obvious threats. 309 County: Edgar Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Paris North General Description: Sect. 21,20,24,25,30,29,28,31-33, T15N, R11W, Edgar Twp; Sect. 21,27,28,34, T15N, R11W, Broullletts Creek Twp; Sect. 4-6,9, T14N, R11W, Edgar Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 18.7 Shrub = 1.3 Pasture = 0.7 Crops = 78.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 53.6 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 325.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 54.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 19.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 24.5 BottomlI and Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 310 Human Activities: No. Houses = 33 Miles Light Duty Roads= 12.8 MIles Primary Roads= 0.0 MIles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forests small and scattered. Marginal wintering area. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 311 County: Edgar Area: 2 7.5' Topo* Grandview, Clarksvlle, Paris South, Marshall General Descrlption: Sect. 19,30,31, T13N, R12W, Grandvlew Twp; Sect. 6,7, T12N, R12W, Grandview Twp; Sect 24-26,34-36, T13N, R13W, Grandvlew Twp; Sect. 1-4,8-15, T12N, R13W, Grandvlew Twp; Sect. 22,23,26-29,32-35, T13N, R12W, Symmes Twp; Sect. 1-5,8-11,14-17, T12N, R12W, Symmes Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 20.6 19.7 Shrub = 5.9 4.9 Pasture = 4.8 2.1 Crops = 67.8 72.5 DescrIption of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 65.9 106.0 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 254.2 317.4 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 195.9 48.4 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 12.1 15.8 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 17.8 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 312 Human Activities: No. Houses = 21 20 Miles Light Duty Roads= 11.9 3.3 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 0.0 Mi es Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Watersheds south of Grandview and Paris reaching south Into Clark County. Future Prospects: Extensive forests. No obvious threats. 313 County: Edgar Area: 3 7.5' Topo: Paris South, Sandford General Description: Sect. 32,5,8, T13N, R11W, Paris Twp; Sect. 33,4,9,10,15,16,21-28,34-36, T13N, R11W, Elbrldge Twp; Sect. 1-4,9-12, T12N, R11W, Elbridge Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 3 % of Total Forest = 27.7 35.5 24.8 Shrub - 2.7 1.4 3.9 Pasture = 3.2 1.9 1.2 Crops = 65.6 62.9 70.0 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 95.1 65.0 77.3 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 514.0 749.9 418.2 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 47.9 62.5 104.5 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 51.4 31.9 30.6 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 5.4 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 314 Human Activities: No. Houses = 52 18 40 MIles Light Duty Roads= 8.0 3.2 10.9 Miles Primary Roads = 2.2 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: No publIc refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forests extend Into Indiana along the Sugar Creek watershed. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Extensive forests present with no obvious threats. 315 County: Edgar Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Saint Bern ce General Description: Sect. 13, T15N, R11W, Broullletts Creek Twp; Sect. 17-20,29-32, T15N, R10W, Broullletts Creek; Sect. 1-3, T14N, R11W, Hunter Twp; Sect. 4-6, T14N, R10W, Hunter Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 25.7 Shrub = 1.8 Pasture = 1.1 Crops = 69.2 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 44.2 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 516.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 6.9 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 12.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 53.8 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 23.7 316 Human Activities: No. Houses = 20 Miles Light Duty Roads = 9.5 Miles Primary Roads = 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forests scattered along Crabapple and Broullletts creeks. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats. 317 County: VermilIon Area: 1 7.5' Topo: Potomac, Collison, Danville NW General Description: Sect. 4-15, T21N, R13W, Middle Fork Twp; Sect. 22,23,26,35,36, T21N, R13W, Pilot Twp; Sect. 4-6,7-10,16-21,28-30, T20N, R12W, Pilot Twp; Sect. 32,33, T20N, R12W, Oakwood Twp; Sect. 4,5,8-10, T19N, R12W, Oakwood Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 4 % of Total Forest = 12.9 23.1 36.8 24.5 Shrub = 3.9 2.9 6.0 6.9 Pasture 1.5 1.6 1.6 3.1 Crops = 78.7 69.8 46.6 47.4 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 16.5 67.9 31.9 62.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 46.7 266.8 637.5 438.7 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 176.4 54.8 84.7 100.8 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 65.9 67.7 54.1 24.9 Bottoml and Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 5.9 119.1 111.6 0.0 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 17.8 14.6 23.2 0.0 318 Human Activities: No. Houses = 34 18 28 49 Miles Light Duty Roads= 12.4 8.6 10.7 11.1 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Refuge: Portions of 2,963 acre Middle Fork Fish and Wildlife Area; acre Kennlcut Cove Forest Preserve; 2,853 acre Klckapoo State Park. Limited hunting on Kickapoo and Middle Fork areas. Comments: Deer are Increasing on the public lands. Future Prospects: Excellent. Most land is publically owned. Middle Fork River designated as a National Scenic River so it Is protected from development. 319 County: Verm Ilion Area: 2 7.5' Topo: Danv ll e NW, DanvillI NE General Description: Sect. 30,31, T21N, R11W, Newel I Twp; Sect. 5,8,17,20, T20N, R11W, Newell Twp; Sect. 7,12,18,19,24,25,30,31,36, T20N, R12W, Blount Twp; Sect. 1,2, T19N, R12W, Danvil le Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = None % of Total Forest = Shrub Pasture = Crops Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = Upland Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = Bottoml and Not Pastured > 50 Years = Bottom I and Pastured < 50 Years = Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 320 Human Activities: No. Houses = Miles Light Duty Roads = Miles Primary Roads= Miles Interstate Roads = Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuge. Comments: Forests on both shores and north of Lake Vermilion north of city of Danvil e. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Danville. A future expansion of city water supplies may drown out this site. 321 County: Vermilion Area: 3 7.5' Topo: DanvllIe SE General Description: Sect. 21-23,25-36, T19N, R11W, Danville Twp; Sect. 1-5,10-14,24, T18N, R11W, McKendree Twp; Sect. 7,18,19, T18N, R10W, McKendree Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 33.0 35.5 Shrub = 1.9 4.1 Pasture = 2.3 1.7 Crops = 57.9 55.6 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 48.7 51.1 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 685.4 576.3 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 60.5 160.1 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 18.5 27.7 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 32.4 51.6 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 42.7 322 Human Activities: No. Houses = 24 47 Miles Light Duty Roads= 13.8 7.9 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: 1,330-acre Forest Glen Forest Preserve. 486-acre University of Illinois Observatory. Comments: Extensive forests. Deer abundant on Forest Preserve. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Danville. Some poaching occurrs on this site but nearly 1,900 acres of refuge will continue to protect habitat. 323 County: Vermilion Area: 4 7.5' Topo: Danville SW, Oakwood General Description: Sect. 7,18, T19N, R11W, Danville Twp; Sect. 11-15, T19N, R12W, Danville Twp; Sect. 8,9, T19N, R12W, CatlIn Twp; Sect. 16,17, T19N, R12W, Oakwood Twp; Sect. 16-22,27-30, T19N, R12W, CatlIn Twp; Sect. 25-29,32-36, T19N, R13W, Catlln Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 MI2 plots = 2 % of Total Forest = 25.4 15.7 Shrub = 8.1 3.9 Pasture = 0.0 0.0 Crops = 59.9 77.9 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 54.8 47.7 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 445.6 243.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 146.5 67.7 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 17.5 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 0.0 Bottoml and Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 8.2 324 Human Activities: No. Houses = 115 53 MIles Light Duty Roads= 18.5 16.8 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 0.0 Miles Interstate Roads = 0.0 0.0 Refuge: South portions of KIckapoo State Park South of 1-74. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Forest along Salt Fork River west of Danville. Future Prospects: Uncertain. Close to city of Danvill e. 325 County: Vermilion Area: 5 7.5' Topo: Georgetown, Humrick General Description: Sect. 10,20,21, T17N, R12W, Carroll Twp; Sect. 11,12,14, T17N, R12W, Elmwood Twp; Sect. 1-7, T17N, R11W, Elmwood Twp; Sect. 11-13,15, 24,25,30, T17N, R11W, Love Twp; Sect. 7,18,19,30, T17N, R1OW, Love Twp. Habitat Description: No. of 4 Mi2 plots = 1 % of Total Forest = 28.4 Shrub = 3.1 Pasture = 2.7 Crops = 63.3 Description of Forest (Acres): Upland Pastured > 50 Years = 53.8 Upland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 431.5 Upland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 118.6 Upland Pastured < 50 Years = 53.4 Bottomland Pastured > 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured > 50 Years = 69.9 Bottomland Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 Bottomland Not Pastured < 50 Years = 0.0 326 Human Activities: No. Houses = 23 Miles Light Duty Roads= 6.4 Miles Primary Roads= 0.0 M Iles Interstate Roads = 0.0 Refuge: No public refuge. Scattered private refuges. Comments: Little Vermil ion River watershed east and west of Georgetown. Future Prospects: Uncertain. No obvious threats except scattered house construction on uplands. 4- - (U C > U) 1- L)%_- 4-