2019 Adult Correctional Systems Survey
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ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS A Report Submitted to the FISCAL AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS COMMITTEE Southern Legislative Conference Council of State Governments Prepared by: Patrick Page Cortez, President Monique Appeaning Louisiana Senate Fiscal Analyst/Special Projects Coordinator Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office Clay Schexnayder, Speaker Christopher Keaton Louisiana House of Representatives Legislative Fiscal Officer 2019 This public document was published at a total cost of $813.98 ($10.85 per copy). 75 copies of this public document were published in this first printing. The total cost of all printings of this document including reprints is $813.98. This document was published by OTS-PSS, 627 North 4th Street, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 for the Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office, Post Office Box 44097, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 in an effort to provide legislators, staff and the general public with an accurate summary of Adult Correctional Systems Comparative Data for FY 19. This material was printed in accordance with the standards for printing by state agencies established pursuant to R.S. 43.31. Printing of this material was purchased in accordance with the provisions of Title 43 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes. ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Introduction and Methodology I. Inmate Population Trends and Incarceration Rates ...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10 - 15 II. Prison and Jail Capacities ......…….....…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................16 - 25 III. Budgetary Issues ....................…..........…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….26 - 32 IV. Staffing Patterns and Select Inmate Characteristics ....………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33 - 43 V. Projected Costs of New Prisons ......................................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….44 - 46 VI. Probation and Parole ...................…............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….47 - 53 VII. Rehabilitation ...................…............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….54 - 56 VIII. Prison Industries ...................…............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….57 - 60 IX. Privatization ...................…............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….61 - 65 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Pages 66 X. State Profiles ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Alabama 67 - 72 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Arkansas 73 - 77 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Florida 78 - 86 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Georgia 87 - 93 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Kentucky 94 - 99 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Louisiana 100 - 112 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Mississippi 113 - 118 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Missouri 119 - 126 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….North Carolina 127 - 134 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Oklahoma 135 - 140 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….South Carolina 141 - 147 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Tennessee 148 - 152 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Texas 153 - 168 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Virginia 169 - 174 ………………………...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….West Virginia 175 - 179 LIST OF TABLES Pages Table 1 – Historical Trend Data of Adult Inmate Population (State ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..Facilities) 10 Table 2 – A Comparison of Incarceration Rates …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................11 Table 3 – Adult Inmate Population Housed in State Correctional Facilities ………………………………………………………………………………………………………......................12 Table 4 – Inmate Population Housed in State Facilities …................……………………………………………………………………………………………………….(Comparison) 13 Table 5 – Total State Inmates Housed in State and Local………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Jails 17 Table 6 – Population and Capacity of State Correctional………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Facilities 19 Table 7 – Distribution of Adult Inmate Population by………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………. Type of Institution 21 Table 8 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….....................– Utilization of Local Jails 23 Table 9 – Adult Corrections Operating…………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………............. Budgets 27 Table 9B – Inmate Health Care…………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………............. Expenditures 28 Table 10 – Annual Operating Cost Per Inmate by Type………………………..…………….………………………………………………………………………………... of Institution 29 Table 11 – Adult Corrections Expenditures for SLC States………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………32 Table 12 – Positions, Staffing Ratios, and Starting Salaries……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….34 Table 13 – Adult Correctional…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……................ Officer Statistics 37 Table 14 – Select Reported Incidents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....………….............. Per 1,000 Inmates 39 Table 15 – Selected Characteristics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………............... of Adult Inmates 41 Table 16 – Selected Characteristics of Adult Inmates (Continued)………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................42 Table 17 – Selected New Medium Security Prisons: Projected Construction…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Costs 45 Table 18 – Selected New Medium Security Prisons: Projected Operating…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Costs 46 Table 19 – Probation and Parole……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………................ Population 48 Table 20 – Total State Inmates, Probationers, and Parolees Per 100,000…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Population 51 Table 21…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………...................... – Probation and Parole Funding 52 Table 22………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……...... – Inmate Rehabilitation 55 …………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............Table 23 – Prison Industries 58 Table 24…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………................ – Privatization Services 62 LIST OF CHARTS Pages Chart 1 – Change in Inmate Population (State Facilities Only) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14 Chart 2 – Percent Change in Inmate Population (State………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Facilities Only) 15 Chart 3 – Total State Inmates Housed in State………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… And Local Jails 18 Chart 4 – SLC Distribution of Adult Inmate Population………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… by Type of Institution 22 Chart 5 – System-Wide Average Operating Cost………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Per Inmate Day 31 Chart 6 – Correctional Officer……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……................... Average Starting Salaries 36 Chart 7 – Caseloads Per Probation/Parole…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................. Agent 50 INTRODUCTION This report is part of a series of annual comparative data reports presented to the Fiscal Affairs and Government Operations Committee of the Southern Legislative Conference (SLC). The information contained in this report is organized into ten sections, namely: Inmate Population Trends and Incarceration Rates; Prison and Jail Capacities, Budgetary Issues; Staffing Patterns and Select Inmate Characteristics; Projected Costs of New Prisons; Probation and Parole; Rehabilitation; Prison Industries; Privatization; and State Profiles. Each section of the report includes a summary of key findings, statistical tables and figures based on survey research involving each member state in the SLC. The fifteen states that make up the SLC are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere appreciation to the legislative and correctional agency staff across the Southern Legislative Conference who provided the information that was used in the preparation of this report. Many thanks also to the Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office, namely Christopher Keaton, Alan Boxberger, Patrice Thomas, Willie Marie Scott, Debbie Roussel and Rachael Feigley. A special thanks is also extended to Robyn Cockerham, with the Louisiana House Legislative Research Library. Last, but not least, thank you to Colleen Cousineau, Cody Allen and the entire team with