Carbon Offsetting Project in Brazil
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Oncilla 1 Oncilla
Oncilla 1 Oncilla Tiger Cat redirects here. For the Tom and Jerry Tales episode, see Tiger Cat (Tom and Jerry Tales). Oncilla[1] Conservation status [2] Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Leopardus Species: L. tigrinus Binomial name Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) Oncilla 2 Oncilla range Synonyms Oncifelis tigrinus Felis tigrina The Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), also known as the Little Spotted Cat, Tigrillo, Cunaguaro or Tiger Cat, is a small spotted felid found in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. It is a close relative of the Ocelot and the Margay, and has a rich ochre coat, spotted with black rosettes. The Oncilla is a nocturnal animal that hunts rodents and birds.[3] Appearance The Oncilla resembles the Margay and the Ocelot,[4] but is smaller, with a slender build and narrower muzzle. It grows to 38 to 59 centimetres (15 to 23 in) long, plus a 20 to 42 centimetres (7.9 to 17 in) tail.[5] While this is somewhat longer than the average domestic cat, Leopardus tigrinus is generally lighter, weighing 1.5 to 3 kilograms (3.3 to 6.6 lb).[6] The fur is thick and soft, ranging from light brown to dark ochre, with numerous dark rosettes across the back and flanks. The underside is pale with dark spots and the tail is ringed. The backs of the ears are black with bold ocelli.[4] The rosettes are black or brown, open in the center, and irregularly shaped.[7] The legs have medium-sized spots tapering to smaller spots near the paws.[7] This coloration helps the oncilla blend in with the mottled sunlight of the tropical forest understory. -
Controlled Animals
Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Fish and Wildlife Policy Division Controlled Animals Wildlife Regulation, Schedule 5, Part 1-4: Controlled Animals Subject to the Wildlife Act, a person must not be in possession of a wildlife or controlled animal unless authorized by a permit to do so, the animal was lawfully acquired, was lawfully exported from a jurisdiction outside of Alberta and was lawfully imported into Alberta. NOTES: 1 Animals listed in this Schedule, as a general rule, are described in the left hand column by reference to common or descriptive names and in the right hand column by reference to scientific names. But, in the event of any conflict as to the kind of animals that are listed, a scientific name in the right hand column prevails over the corresponding common or descriptive name in the left hand column. 2 Also included in this Schedule is any animal that is the hybrid offspring resulting from the crossing, whether before or after the commencement of this Schedule, of 2 animals at least one of which is or was an animal of a kind that is a controlled animal by virtue of this Schedule. 3 This Schedule excludes all wildlife animals, and therefore if a wildlife animal would, but for this Note, be included in this Schedule, it is hereby excluded from being a controlled animal. Part 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 1. AMERICAN OPOSSUMS (Family Didelphidae) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 2. SHREWS (Family Soricidae) Long-tailed Shrews Genus Sorex Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew Episoriculus macrurus North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Old World Water Shrews Genus Neomys Ussuri White-toothed Shrew Crocidura lasiura Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula Siberian Shrew Crocidura sibirica Piebald Shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum 3. -
Abundance Changes and Activity Flexibility of the Oncilla, Leopardus Tigrinus (Carnivora: Felidae), Appear to Reflect Avoidance of Conflict
ZOOLOGIA 29 (2): 115–120, April, 2012 doi: 10.1590/S1984-46702012000200003 Abundance changes and activity flexibility of the oncilla, Leopardus tigrinus (Carnivora: Felidae), appear to reflect avoidance of conflict Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos1, 6, Maurício E. Graipel2, Marcos A. Tortato3, Carlos A. Zucco1, Nilton C. Cáceres4 & Fernando V. B. Goulart5 1 Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Populações, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Caixa Postal 68020, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. 3 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 4 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. 5 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. 6 Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. We investigated the density and activity of the oncilla, Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775), a threatened small cat, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, using camera-trap data. We described differences in the activity of individuals occurring alone or in sympatry with larger cats. Oncilla presented low densities (7-13 ind./100 km²) and high flexibility in its activity. The oncillas were primarily nocturnal in the absence of other larger cat species – margay, ocelot and puma – but became more diurnal, with a cathemeral activity pattern, when the other cats were present. Oncilla is likely to be in a subordinate position in interactions with larger cats and changes its activity to decrease the chances for interspecific encounters. -
The Leopardus Tigrinus Is One of the Smallest Wild Cats in South America; and the Smallest Cat in Brazil (Oliveira-Santos Et Al
Mckenzie Brocker Conservation Biology David Stokes 20 February 2014 Leopardus Tigrinus Description: The Leopardus tigrinus is one of the smallest wild cats in South America; and the smallest cat in Brazil (Oliveira-Santos et al. 2012). L. tigrinus is roughly the size of a domestic house cat, with its weight ranging from 1.8-3.4 kg (Silva-Pereira 2010). The average body length is 710 millimeters and the cat’s tail is roughly one-third of its body length averaging 250 millimeters in length. Males tend to be slightly larger than the females (Gardner 1971). The species’ coat is of a yellowish-brown or ochre coloration patterned prominently with open rosettes (Trigo et al. 2013). Cases of melanism, or dark pigmentation, have been reported but are not as common (Oliveira-Santos et al 2012). These characteristics spots are what give the L. tigrinus its common names of little spotted cat, little tiger cat, tigrina, tigrillo, and oncilla. The names tigrillo, little tiger cat, and little spotted cat are sometimes used interchangeably with other small Neotropical cats species which can lead to confusion. The species is closely related to other feline species with overlapping habitat areas and similar colorations; namely, the ocelot, Leopardus pardalis, the margay, Leopardus weidii, Geoffroys cat, Leopardus geoffroyi, and the pampas cat, Leopardus colocolo (Trigo et al. 2013). Distribution: The L. tigrinus is reported to have a wide distribution from as far north as Costa Rica to as far south as Northern Argentina. However, its exact distribution is still under study, as there have been few reports of occurrences in Central America. -
Leptailurus Serval)
animals Article The Effect of Behind-The-Scenes Encounters and Interactive Presentations on the Welfare of Captive Servals (Leptailurus serval) Lydia K. Acaralp-Rehnberg 1,*, Grahame J. Coleman 1, Michael J. L. Magrath 2, Vicky Melfi 3, Kerry V. Fanson 4 and Ian M. Bland 1 1 Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; [email protected] (G.J.C.); [email protected] (I.M.B.) 2 Department of Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; [email protected] 3 Hartpury University, Gloucester GL193BE, UK; vicky.melfi@hartpury.ac.uk 4 Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-404-761-714 Received: 13 April 2020; Accepted: 15 April 2020; Published: 24 April 2020 Simple Summary: Live animal encounter programs are an increasingly popular occurrence in the modern zoo. The effects of such encounters on program animal welfare have not been studied extensively to date. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore animal welfare effects associated with encounter programs in a small felid, the serval, which is commonly involved as a program animal in zoos. Specifically, this study investigated how serval behaviour and adrenocortical activity (level of faecal cortisol metabolites) were affected by short-term variations in encounter frequency. Over the course of the study, the frequency of encounters was manipulated so that servals alternated between four different treatments, involving interactive presentations, behind-the-scenes encounters, both activities combined, or no interaction at all. -
Savannah Cat’ ‘Savannah the Including Serval Hybrids Felis Catus (Domestic Cat), (Serval) and (Serval) Hybrids Of
Invasive animal risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Serval hybrids Hybrids of Leptailurus serval (serval) and Felis catus (domestic cat), including the ‘savannah cat’ Anna Markula, Martin Hannan-Jones and Steve Csurhes First published 2009 Updated 2016 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/au/deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Front cover: Close-up of a 4-month old F1 Savannah cat. Note the occelli on the back of the relaxed ears, and the tear-stain markings which run down the side of the nose. Photo: Jason Douglas. Image from Wikimedia Commons under a Public Domain Licence. Invasive animal risk assessment: Savannah cat Felis catus (hybrid of Leptailurus serval) 2 Contents Introduction 4 Identity of taxa under review 5 Identification of hybrids 8 Description 10 Biology 11 Life history 11 Savannah cat breed history 11 Behaviour 12 Diet 12 Predators and diseases 12 Legal status of serval hybrids including savannah cats (overseas) 13 Legal status of serval hybrids including savannah cats -
PICA Project Report (Action A2.2 & 2.3)
PICA Project Report (Action A2.2 & 2.3) Investigation of Pallas’s cat activity patterns and temporal interactions with sympatric species Authors: Katarzyna Ruta, Gustaf Samelius, David Barclay, Emma Nygren PICA - “Conservation of the Pallas’s cat through capacity building, research, and global planning” 1. Introduction: 1.1 Activity patterns of wild felids: Activity patterns form a part of species’ adaptation to their environment (Beltran & Delibes, 1994) and are therefore a fundamental aspect of animal behaviour (Nielsen, 1983; Weller & Bennett, 2001). Felids are generally considered to be crepuscular and nocturnal in their activity (Kitchener, 1991), although they are well adapted to function in a wide range of light conditions (Sunquist & Sunquist, 2002). Numerous abiotic pressures and biotic interactions are known to shape the temporal behaviour of (cat-like) carnivores (Marinho et al., 2018), including changes in temperature (Beltran & Delibes, 1994; Podolski et al., 2013), light (Huck et al., 2017; Heurich et al., 2014) and season (Podolski et al., 2013; Manfredi et al., 2011), sex and reproductive status of the animal (Kolbe & Squires, 2007; Schmidt, 1999; Schmidt et al., 2009), predation risk (Caro, 2005; Farías et al., 2012) and human disturbance (Wolf & Ale, 2009; Ale & Brown, 2009). Owing to the dietary constraints of carnivores whose preys have their own well-defined circadian rhythms (Halle, 2000; Zielinski, 2000), the availability and vulnerability of prey is, however, considered as one of the main influences on predator temporal activity (Zielinski, 1988; Lodé, 1995). According to Optimal Foraging Theory, predators are expected to synchronize their daily activity with the activity of their most profitable prey, increasing the probability of encounters while reducing energy expenditure (MacArthur & Pianka, 1966; Monterroso et al., 2013; Emmons, 1987). -
Revision of the Felidae Red List of Threatened Species
conservation process wherever outside facilitation is considered Signed by important. • The Co-Chairs of the IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group: We thank the Junta de Andalucía for the hospitality in Andújar. Christine Breitenmoser-Würsten and Urs Breitenmoser; and The Andújar seminar took place in a very open-minded and self- critical spirit, demonstrating the eagerness of all participants to • members present of the Core Group: Sarah Christie, Peter co-operate for the sake of the lynx. We hope that this spirit can be Crawshaw, Rodney Jackson, Thomas McCarthy, Laurie put into conservation action, and that Andújar will be remem- Marker, Michael G. Mills, Dale Miquelle, Kristin Nowell, James bered as the turning point in recovering the Iberian lynx from the Sanderson. brink of extinction. Andújar, Spain, 1 November 2002 Revision of the Felidae Red List of Threatened Species by Kristin Nowell, IUCN/SSC Red List Felidae Authority* he original system of evaluating species sta- rangewide quantitative extinction risk analyses (E) have been tus, in use up to 1994, classified species as carried out (Ferreras et al 2001, Rodriguez et al 2002). I wanted to TExtinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Inde- avoid the category Data Deficient, following the new guidelines terminate or Insufficiently Known. These category stating that this category was to be assigned only when data are definitions were largely subjective; for example, the so uncertain that any category of threat is plausible (IUCN 2001: 25). However, for most species quantitative range-wide data is definition of Endangered in 1993 was: “Taxa in dan- lacking for species population size (C) and rate of change (A), the ger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the remaining two criteria. -
Flat Headed Cat Andean Mountain Cat Discover the World's 33 Small
Meet the Small Cats Discover the world’s 33 small cat species, found on 5 of the globe’s 7 continents. AMERICAS Weight Diet AFRICA Weight Diet 4kg; 8 lbs Andean Mountain Cat African Golden Cat 6-16 kg; 13-35 lbs Leopardus jacobita (single male) Caracal aurata Bobcat 4-18 kg; 9-39 lbs African Wildcat 2-7 kg; 4-15 lbs Lynx rufus Felis lybica Canadian Lynx 5-17 kg; 11-37 lbs Black Footed Cat 1-2 kg; 2-4 lbs Lynx canadensis Felis nigripes Georoys' Cat 3-7 kg; 7-15 lbs Caracal 7-26 kg; 16-57 lbs Leopardus georoyi Caracal caracal Güiña 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Sand Cat 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Leopardus guigna Felis margarita Jaguarundi 4-7 kg; 9-15 lbs Serval 6-18 kg; 13-39 lbs Herpailurus yagouaroundi Leptailurus serval Margay 3-4 kg; 7-9 lbs Leopardus wiedii EUROPE Weight Diet Ocelot 7-18 kg; 16-39 lbs Leopardus pardalis Eurasian Lynx 13-29 kg; 29-64 lbs Lynx lynx Oncilla 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Leopardus tigrinus European Wildcat 2-7 kg; 4-15 lbs Felis silvestris Pampas Cat 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Leopardus colocola Iberian Lynx 9-15 kg; 20-33 lbs Lynx pardinus Southern Tigrina 1-3 kg; 2-6 lbs Leopardus guttulus ASIA Weight Diet Weight Diet Asian Golden Cat 9-15 kg; 20-33 lbs Leopard Cat 1-7 kg; 2-15 lbs Catopuma temminckii Prionailurus bengalensis 2 kg; 4 lbs Bornean Bay Cat Marbled Cat 3-5 kg; 7-11 lbs Pardofelis badia (emaciated female) Pardofelis marmorata Chinese Mountain Cat 7-9 kg; 16-19 lbs Pallas's Cat 3-5 kg; 7-11 lbs Felis bieti Otocolobus manul Fishing Cat 6-16 kg; 14-35 lbs Rusty-Spotted Cat 1-2 kg; 2-4 lbs Prionailurus viverrinus Prionailurus rubiginosus Flat -
Small Carnivore CAMP 1993.Pdf
SMALL CARNIVORE CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Final Review Draft Report 1G May 1994 Edited and compiled by Roland Wirth, Angela Glatston, Onnie Byers, Susie Ellis, Pat Foster-Turley, Paul Robinson, Harry Van Rompaey, Don Moore, Ajith Kumar, Roland Melisch, and Ulysses Seal Prepared by the participants of a workshop held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands 11-14 February 1993 A Collaborative Workshop IUCN/SSC MUSTELID, VIVERRID, AND PROCYONID SPECIALIST GROUP IUCN/SSC OTTER SPECIALIST GROUP IUCN/SSC CAPTIVE BREEDING SPECIALIST GROUP Sponsored by The Rotterdam Zoo IUCN/SSC Sir Peter Scott Fund United Kingdom Small Carnivore Taxon Advisory Group A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group, IUCN/SSC Mustelid, Viverrid, and Procyonid Specialist Group and the IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group. The Primary Sponsors of the Workshop were: The Rotterdam Zoo, IUCN/SSC Peter Scott Fund, United Kingdom Small Carnivore Taxon Advisory Group. Cover Photo: Malayan Civet, Viverra tangalunga by Roland Wirth. Wirth, R., A Glatston, 0. Byers, S. Ellis, P. Foster-Turley, P. Robinson, H. Van Rompaey, D. Moore, A Kumar, R. Melisch, U.Seal. (eds.). 1994. Small Carnivore Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Bank. Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. -
Cats on the 2009 Red List of Threatened Species
ISSN 1027-2992 CATnewsN° 51 | AUTUMN 2009 01 IUCNThe WorldCATnews Conservation 51Union Autumn 2009 news from around the world KRISTIN NOWELL1 Cats on the 2009 Red List of Threatened Species The IUCN Red List is the most authoritative lists participating in the assessment pro- global index to biodiversity status and is the cess. Distribution maps were updated and flagship product of the IUCN Species Survi- for the first time are being included on the val Commission and its supporting partners. Red List website (www.iucnredlist.org). Tex- As part of a recent multi-year effort to re- tual species accounts were also completely assess all mammalian species, the family re-written. A number of subspecies have Felidae was comprehensively re-evaluated been included, although a comprehensive in 2007-2008. A workshop was held at the evaluation was not possible (Nowell et al Oxford Felid Biology and Conservation Con- 2007). The 2008 Red List was launched at The fishing cat is one of the two species ference (Nowell et al. 2007), and follow-up IUCN’s World Conservation Congress in Bar- that had to be uplisted to Endangered by email with others led to over 70 specia- celona, Spain, and since then small changes (Photo A. Sliwa). Table 1. Felid species on the 2009 Red List. CATEGORY Common name Scientific name Criteria CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus C2a(i) ENDANGERED (EN) Andean cat Leopardus jacobita C2a(i) Tiger Panthera tigris A2bcd, A4bcd, C1, C2a(i) Snow leopard Panthera uncia C1 Borneo bay cat Pardofelis badia C1 Flat-headed -
Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitis) Disease in a Brazilian Oncilla (Leopardus Tigrinus)1
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(6):474-478, junho 2009 Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in a Brazilian oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)1 Claudia Filoni 2,3,4*,Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena5, Solange Maria Gennari5, Daniel Sampaio Cristo6, Luciana Neves Torres2 and José Luiz Catão-Dias2 ABSTRACT.- Filoni C., Pena H.F.J., Gennari S.M., Cristo D.S., Torres L.N. & Catão- Dias J.L. 2009. Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in a Brazilian oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):474-478. Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508- 270, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Heartworm disease is caused by the intravascular nematode Dirofilaria immitis, a pathogen of public health importance usually associated to domestic dogs and cats, and to a lesser extend to other mammal species. The oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) is a threatened neotropic felid species that naturally occurs in Brazil. Here, we report the encounter of adult and larval stages of heartworms in a female specimen of L. tigrinus, probable of free-ranging origin, from Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, which died showing clinical signals compatible with heartworm disease. This was the first reported case of D. immitis infection and associated disease in L. tigrinus, also suggesting that the oncilla acted as a definitive host for this parasite. The present findings confirmed D. immitis as a pathogenic agent for this felid species, thus supporting the recommendation for the inclusion of diagnostic testing for this pathogen in routine health screening procedures for captive and free-ranging oncillas in Brazil, especially in those localities where climate conditions support the occurrence of the parasite.