Contents Page No. Preface by District Collector i Acknowledgements iii List of Boxes v List of Figures v List of Tables vi List of Annexures vii Chapter 1 District Profile 1 Chapter 2 Status of Human Development in Kancheepuram District 13 Chapter 3 Employment, Income and Poverty 24 Chapter 4 Demography, Health and Nutrition 41 Chapter 5 Literacy and Education 66 Chapter 6 Gender 84 Chapter 7 Social Security 92 Chapter 8 Infrastructure 104 Chapter 9 Summary and Way Forward 112 Annexures 127 Technical Notes 155 Abbreviations 163 References 167 KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 District Administration, Kancheepuram and State Planning Commission, Tamil Nadu in association with Hand in Hand India Contents Page No. Preface by District Collector i Acknowledgements iii List of Boxes v List of Figures v List of Tables vi List of Annexures vii Chapter 1 District Profile 1 Chapter 2 Status of Human Development in Kancheepuram District 13 Chapter 3 Employment, Income and Poverty 24 Chapter 4 Demography, Health and Nutrition 41 Chapter 5 Literacy and Education 66 Chapter 6 Gender 84 Chapter 7 Social Security 92 Chapter 8 Infrastructure 104 Chapter 9 Summary and Way Forward 112 Annexures 127 Technical Notes 155 Abbreviations 163 References 167 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The preparation of the Tiruvallur District Human Development Report was primarily initiated by the State Planning Commission (SPC), Government of Tamil Nadu, with the support received from the United Nations Development Programme. Considering that Hand in Hand India has been extensively working in the district for more than a decade, and is familiar with the people and practices there; the SPC entrusted the task of preparing this report to Hand in Hand. This has given us an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the socioeconomic realities in the district, which will inform our interventions there in the near future. Hand in Hand appreciates this opportunity. Tamil Nadu State Planning Commission and Tiruvallur District Administration were our core partners during the entire process. Ms. Santha Sheela Nair, IAS (Retd), Former Vice Chairman, SPC, GoTN, reviewed the progress of this exercise periodically and provided direction. We would like to thank her for the valuable support. Contributions from other officials from the State Planning Commission deserve special mention here. Mr. M. Balaji, IAS, former Member Secretary, SPC, GoTN, who has commenced this exercise; Mr. Sugato Dutt, IFS, former Member Secretary i/c, SPC, GoTN who has provided all necessary administrative support and resources to accomplish the task; and Ms. S. Namagiri, Senior District Planning Officer, who has conducted detailed reviews. Ms. Abhirami, Planning Officer; Mr. P. Selvarajan, Head of Division, Rural Development and District Planning; Dr. G. N. Krupa Subramaniam, Planning Officer; and Dr. M. Vijayabaskar, Associate Professor, Madras Institute of Development Studies who have provided critical inputs during reviews and consultations; and Mr. Anil Meshram, IAS, Member Secretary, SPC, GoTN, who has been instrumental in taking this endeavour to its conclusion. District Planning Office was the nodal agency for source of all data. To this end, the contributions from Ms. Selvarani, former the District Planning Officer; Ms. Laxmi and Mr. Arumugam, Statistical Inspectors; and other Line Department Officials were crucial. The numerical data was substantiated with supporting information on ground realities by Panchayat Presidents and Administrators at block and district level. Entire district administration was guided by Mr. P. Ponniah, IAS, District Collector and Mr. Dr. V. K. iv Shanmugam. IAS, the former District Collector. We would like to also acknowledge with a deep sense of appreciation the information shared by the people of the district. Dr. Shilpa Pandit, conducted a consultation with the Panchayat Presidents, validated the data, and interpreted it in a geo-political and socio-cultural context of the district. She has also put together the first draft of the report within a very short period. We appreciate her energy, and enthusiasm that made it possible. I thank Dr. Sujatha for reviewing the first draft and Dr. Lokanathan, for having conducted a detailed comprehensive review of the final draft. With 2011 as its base year, the report tracks changes in development trends through consecutive years. This has necessitated constant updating of the data from different sources at block and district levels and revisions in the calculation of indices. Subsequently, the narration has also gone through revisions. Colleagues and partners provided exceptional support to that end. Several colleagues from Hand in Hand India shared stories from the field. Mr Abdul Gaffoor provided coordination support. Ms. Princes Buela and Mr. C. Selvakumar facilitated district level consultations for substantiating and validating the data. Mr. R. Unnikrishnan lent his safe hands and eagle eyes to accurately calculate the indices for all subsequent drafts. Murugan Mariappan helped with consolidation of Tables. Prabahar Gnanakkan has painstakingly executed multiple revisions of the report. Ms. Anitha Ranjan and Mr. A. Settu have ensured timely submission of draft copies and other communications on a number of occasions. Ms. Nandini has provided editorial support and Mr. Palanivel C. and Ms. Wincy Beaulah have occasionally pitched in with formatting despite their busy schedules. Present report is a result of extraordinary camaraderie and commitment amongst all of them. Finally, thanks are due to Dr. J. Jeyaseelan, Group CEO, Hand in Hand India, for his valuable support to the Hand in Hand India team. Deliberations in the present document are indicative of trends in the dynamic realities in the district captured till the year 2013-14, and would need further enquiry and interpretation for evolving actionable strategies in the present times. DR. KALPANA SANKAR HAND IN HAND INDIA v List of Boxes Box Title Page 2 3.1 Status of Child Labour in The District 8 3 3.2 MGNREGA – Employment and Income 1 3 3.3 Where There is a Will There is a “Vellaputhur” Way 4 3 3.4 Fishermen Community’s Hope 5 4 4.1 A Pilot Study on “Home-Based New Born Care” 7 5 4.2 Government Nutrition Programmes 6 5 4.3 Pure Drinking Water and Solid Waste Management Projects in Mudichur 9 6 4.4 Utilization Of Public Health Services 3 7 5.1 Incentives for Enrolment 0 7 5.2 Initiatives for Quality Improvement in Education 8 Reading and Writing Skills Among Primary and Upper Primary School 7 5.3 Students 8 8 5.4 Technology Initiatives in Education 1 8 5.5 Youth and Employability in Sriperumbudur 3 8 6.1 Self-Help Groups 8 9 7.1 Inclusion of Persons with Mental Illness within the MGNREGS 8 9 7.2 Marriage and Maternity Assistance Programme 9 vi List of Figures Fig Title Page 1.1 Crude Birth Rate 9 1.2 Infant Mortality Rate 10 1.3 Educational Level 11 4.1A Trends in CBR 42 4.1B Trends in CDR 42 4.2 Trends in Infant Mortality Rate 46 4.3 Place of Delivery 49 4.4 Trends in Nutritional Status Among Children (0-6) 53 4.5 Access to Drinking Water 58 5.1 Literacy Rate - Male and Female 68 Number of Arts and Science Colleges, Engineering and Polytechnic 5.2 82 Colleges 6.1 Trends in Female Employment Structure 89 List of Tables vii Table Title Page 1.1 Basic Demographic Indicators 4 1.2 Sectoral Distribution of Net Domestic Product at Constant Prices 7 1.3 Per Capita Income at Constant (2004-05) Prices in Rupees 8 2.1 Top and Bottom Three Blocks in Human Development Indicators (HDI) 15 2.2 Top and Bottom Three Blocks in Gender Inequality Indicators (GII) 17 2.3 Top and Bottom Three Blocks in Child Development Index (CDI) 18 2.4 Top and Bottom Three Blocks in Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index 20 2.5 Consolidation of HDI, GII, CDI and MPI Indices 21 3.1 Total Workers and Non-Workers 24 3.2 Workers’ Participation Rate 26 3.3 Sectoral Composition of Workers 27 3.4 Registration and Placement 30 3.5 Per Capita Income at Constant (2004-05) Prices in Rupees 32 3.6 Trends in Poverty Level 33 3.7 Family Card Holders 36 4.1 Demographic Profile 40 4.2 Sex Ratio 43 4.3 Child Sex Ratio 44 4.4 Life Expectancy at Birth 45 4.5 Maternal Mortality Rate 48 4.6 Still Birth Rate 50 4.7 Provision of IFA Tablets 55 4.8 Provision of Toilets 60 4.9 HIV Positive Cases 61 4.10 Tuberculosis Cases 62 5.1 Gender-Wise Enrolment in Primary School Education 70 5.2 Completion Rate and Dropout Rate in Primary School Education 71 5.3 Gender-Wise Enrolment in Upper Primary /Middle School Education 72 Completion Rate and Dropout Rate in Upper Primary /Middle School 5.4 73 Education 5.5 Transition Rate from Primary to Upper Primary & Upper Primary to Secondary 74 viii List of Annexed Tables Pag Table Title e A2.1 Human Development Index 127 A2.2 Gender Inequality Index 130 A2.3 Child Development Index 133 A2.4 Multidimensional Index 135 A1.1 Male and Female Literacy Rate 137 A3.1 Land Use Pattern in Kancheepuram 137 A3.2 Social Groups and Land Holding Percentage - 2011 137 A3.3 Number of Households Having Pucca Houses– 2013-14 138 A4.1 Cbr and Cdr 138 A4.2 Infant Mortality Rate 139 A4.3 Place of Delivery – 2012 -13 139 A4.4 Institutional Delivery -2012 -13 140 A4.5 Immunization of Children Under Five Years in Kancheepuram 140 A4.6 Nutritional Deficiency Grades - 2013 141 A4.7 Nutritional Deficiency Grades - 2014 141 A4.8 Access to Safe Drinking Water – 2013-14 142 A5.1 Male and Female Literacy 143 A5.2 Primary Gross Enrolment Ratio Among Social Groups 143 A5.3 Gross Enrolment Ratio in Upper Primary (In %) – 2012-13 143 A5.4 Availability of Schools – 2013 -14 144 A5.5 No.