(BHIM) Which Is an App to Make Simple, Easy and Quick Payment Transactions Using Unified Payments Interface
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Financial Technology Solutions Chapter 7:Digital Wallets and Direct payment systems Learning Objectives • This chapter will help you to understand the various options of payments in the form of digital wallets as well as the direct payment systems such as the Unified Payment Interface and the BHIM app powered by financial technology provided by fintech companies. 7.1 Introduction • Digital transformation is affecting every business sector, as investor capital, top talent, and customers shift toward network-centric organizations. • Key players such as Financial Technology Intermediaries are paving new challenges and opportunities. • Digital networks are changing all the rules of business. New, scalable, digitally networked business models are affecting growth, scale, and profit potential for companies in every industry. FinTech intermediaries offer problem solving mechanisms • FinTech intermediaries offer problem solving mechanisms that can alter the market quickly, lowers costs and improves the overall quality of financial services. • Borderless Money Transfer, allows more stakeholders to enter the digital startup space, allows for a new brand of partnerships to emerge, improves automated systems of economic institutions , fast scaling with sufficient funding, creative innovation and personally tailored solutions for ideal customer service experience, larger chance to rework the status quo and current processes of money services on a global scale. Need for better and smart tools • Oldest cashless options - credit and debit cards - have limited reach. • Lack of a universal technology standard, disparate interests of stakeholders, and poor user experience have created a need for better and smart tools for making payments. • Newer instruments / devices to make the payments as per the choice of the users is always demanded by the learned and ambitious user community. Digital wallets • Digital wallets have actually been around since the late 1990s. • First generation : Developed by a variety of entrepreneurial companies during the dot-com boom. • Second generation: Proprietary in nature and could not be used on each others networks. • Third generation: Software downloaded as apps on electronic devices such as smart phones. What is a Digital Wallet? • App on an electronic device facilitated by Near Field Communication (NFC). • Allows an individual to make electronic transactions, store virtual information . simple, affordable way to send, receive, and spend money • Allows the wallet holder to make an electronic payment with a financial instrument . Bank account can also be linked to the digital wallet • Does not reveal the customer information while executing the payment • Authenticates the wallet through the use of digital certificates • Contain a range of complementary applications • Wallet holders are encouraged and motivated to use digital wallets for all transactions by incentivizing Types of Digital Wallets • Client-side wallet refers to those apps downloaded by the user on his smart phone, easily self-maintained and fully compatible with most e-commerce Web sites. Creativity of the developer creates different strokes in app. • Server-side wallet also known as a thin wallet store data on the company's secure computers, accessed by the email and password. Merchants generally prefer server-side wallets because they have a greater degree of standardization, higher level of security, efficiency, and added utility to the end-user. NFC (near-field communication) • NFC (near-field communication) encrypted chip available on most smart phone is a vital component to the mobile digital wallet and secure the wallet transactions. • Digital wallets can follow two separate paths (a) Sophisticated wallets for general purpose which will use NFC for connectivity, and (b)the proprietary, retailer-based wallets for specific purpose which use a variety of technologies, including optical/QR code and BLE beacons. Necessity of partnerships and collaboration • Very few players have all the capabilities and experience for successfully launching and profiting from digital wallet market on their own efforts as it is extremely challenging to single handedly provide ewallet services. • Partnerships and collaboration with fintech companies to provide robust infrastructure and ubiquitous technology for establishing a seamless flow of digital wallet culture in a cash less economy. Capabilities and expertise of various fintech companies • Innovative methods culminating into proliferation and growth of financial technology solutions at a tremendous pace. • Digital wallets are effectively used to engage with the customer by the marketers and digital businesses. • Third-party digital wallets are successful in inserting a layer of e wallet services and relationship management between a financial institution and its customers. Enabler of commerce rather than a stand-alone revenue generator • Digital wallet space has been fragmented without a clear leader. Advances in technology have already changed the way we conduct payments, and will continue to heavily influence the market • Increased bandwidth is not only providing a customer delight experience but is also driving the explosion in digital wallet. • Payments have historically been viewed as utility products with limited opportunity to provide value-added services or solutions. However digital wallets can soon become a self- reliant ubiquitous ecosystem with the deployment of proactive digital wallet engagement strategy that fulfills consumer value proposition. Proactive digital wallet engagement strategy • Mass market appeal to leverage scale of economies. increasing the connection , Create powerful and new brand experiences • User-friendly wallet interface with ease of use, peace of mind (regarding security), and the ability to transact anytime and anywhere and optimize customer satisfaction. Content to save and manage • Provision for larger merchant base to make payments. Multichannel Payment options through NFC, tokenization and biometrics, eliminate fear of fraud and hacking • Acceptability and scalability of apps on a large range of electronic devices, automatic and instant receipt • Addition of the value-added services that go beyond just payment. Minimum swiping and data entry more touch points, seamless shopping experience, faster and more-secure, lower cost, greater convenience, multiple benefits • Satisfying the business and strategic goals Digital wallets are both a challenge and opportunity • Financial institutions and the regulator including government are putting in all out efforts for transiting India towards a less cash economy, promoting competition, open access & interoperability in payments. • The demonetization of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 currency notes has been working largely in the favor of digital wallet startups. • The business models and the payment methods have all changed. Online payments have become quick, hassle free and time saving. • People use their solutions for offline transactions and not merely for purchases made online. RBI’s Vision-2018 • The Vision-2018 for Payment and Settlement Systems in India reiterates the commitment of the Reserve Bank of India to encourage greater use of electronic payments by all sections of society so as to achieve a less-cash society. • The objective is to facilitate provision of a payment system for the future that combines the much-valued attributes of safety, security and universal reach with technological solutions which enable faster processing, enhanced convenience, and the extraction and use of valuable information that accompanies payments. • Vision-2018 focuses on four strategic initiatives viz., responsive regulation, robust infrastructure, effective supervision and customer centricity. • Fintech plays an important role in fulfilling the RBI vision Special attention to the 5C’s specified by RBI • Coverage – by enabling wider access to a variety of electronic payment services • Convenience – by enhancing user experience through ease of use and of products and processes • Confidence – by promoting integrity of systems, security of operations and customer protection • Convergence – by ensuring interoperability across service providers • Cost – by making services cost effective for users as well as service providers The society is also responding well • Card transactions have grown significantly at both ATMs as well as at the Point-of-Sale (POS). • RTGS and NEFT volumes increased almost threefold between 2013 and 2016 reflecting greater adoption of the system by all segments of users. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) • Umbrella organization for all retail payments system in India • Grown multi-fold from 2 million transactions a day to 20 million transactions in last few years. • From a single service of switching of inter-bank ATM transactions, the range of services has grown to Cheque Clearing, Immediate Payments Service (24x7x365), Automated Clearing House, Electronic Benefit Transfer and a domestic card payment network NPCI’s innovative products • (a) RuPay card product( which is at all the ATMs, Point-of-Sale terminals and most of the online merchants in the country) to reduce the dependency on international card schemes, • (b) National Financial Switch (NFS) which connects over one lakh ATMs of about 500 banks, Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) to enable bank customers to use mobile instruments as a channel for accessing their banks accounts and remit funds, NPCI’s innovative products contd. • (c) *99# service, which works