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University of the Philippines Visayas Foundation, Inc. (UPVFI) University of the Philippines Visayas Foundation, Inc. (UPVFI) COMMISSION ON FILIPINOS OVERSEAS by Maria Elisa D. Baliao Cristabel Rose F. Parcon Hanny John P. Mediodia Kharla Mae D. Brillo University of the Philippines Visayas Foundation, Inc (UPVFI) July 2015 COMMISSION ON FILIPINOS OVERSEAS The Migration and Development Initiative for Western Visayas (MDI-WV) Project, is a project related to the global project of Joint Migration and Development Initiative (JMDI) which aims to optimize the contribution of migration in regional and local development in Western Visayas. It is funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation through the United Nations Development Programme. The Commission on Filipinos Overseas is the implementing partner, and the Regional Development Council of Region VI (c/o NEDA Regional Office VI) is the responsible partner. Other project partners include the League of Local Planning and Development Coordinators of Western-Visayas, Signpost Philippines Inc. and the Provincial Governments of Western Visayas. To contribute towards a higher impact of migration on local development, support were provided by (1) strengthening the capacities of local stakeholders to engage on and promote the links between migration and development, (2) strengthening local authorities’ initiatives and activities relative to operating functioning migration resource centers and pooling collective remittances to support disaster risk reduction and other migration and development initiatives, and (3) connecting local authorities internationally to facilitate partnership building and knowledge sharing. MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE - WESTERN VISAYAS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study was conducted to generate information about Overseas Filipinos and their families, as well as various government programs and services for the benefit of overseas Filipinos. Socio-demographic and psycho- graphic characteristics of Overseas Filipinos and their families were described. Issues and concerns confronting the return migrants in Western Visayas were also presented. The migration situationer covered all 6 provinces of Western Visayas especially where there are many Overseas Filipinos. Majority of the households with migrant have only one migrant. Majority of the migrants are married or cohabiting, have a college degree, and are either land-based or sea-based workers in Asia. They are temporary residents of the host country and are either on job order or contractual status. Many have no work before they left for abroad between 2000 and 2015. Those who are working are either service workers or are in trade and related occupations. Most of them left the country to look for a better paying job. Many of them have monthly earnings of between 10,000 PHP and 29,999 PHP abroad. Majority sends monthly remittance either through bank deposit or through money transfer. Majority of the migrants come home once a year to take a vacation for one to three months. Information on 400 households with migrants, a total of 2,307 persons, were included in the survey. There are more females than males in the households, and a dependency ratio of 42.1. Average household size is 5.8 persons, and most of these households are composed of extended families. More than half of the household population have finished at least high school, however, only 42 percent of the members are reported to be working. Housing characteristics of the migrants were also collected and most of the houses have finished floors, galvanized roofing, and finished walls. These households have electricity and own several durable goods, personal effects and electronic devices. Only 20 percent own real properties, 30 percent own or manage a business, and 39 percent have outstanding loans. Most common leisure activities included eating in fast food restaurants, shopping in the malls, or simply staying at home. Most of the households with migrants do not have plans for their future, may it be in terms of acquiring properties, financial plans, or retirement plans. Less than half of households with migrants expressed worries and concerns i MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE - WESTERN VISAYAS over the situation of their members abroad. These concerns vary from workplace, health, or relationship issues. Households received remittance monthly transmitted through banks. These remittances are used for the day-to- day household expenses. Only a few households save a portion of the remittance sent. The 2012 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) data was used to describe the income sources and expenditure of households with migrants. The average annual total family income of households with migrant is more than double of the average annual family income of households without migrant. Almost 38 percent of the income of households with migrant come from abroad. The total expenditure of households with migrant is 277,154 PHP, which is mostly spent on non-food items. The return migrants interviewed for the study have come back to the Philippines for an average of 4.8 years after working in an average of 3.7 years in places such as Kuwait, Palau, China, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Hong Kong, Dubai, and Singapore. Family issues and concerns were the main reasons for their flight back home. Most did not receive assistance or support from government upon their return and they did not even know where to ask for help in the first place. ii MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE - WESTERN VISAYAS LIST OF ACRONYMS CFO Commission of Filipinos Overseas DOLE Department of Labor and Employment FIES Family Income and Expenditure Survey IOM International Organization on Migration NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NRCO National Reintegration Center for Overseas Filipino Workers OFW Overseas Filipino Workers OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration iii MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE - WESTERN VISAYAS TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary i List of Acronyms iii Migration and Development in the Philippines: A Review 1 I. Introduction 12 II. Profile of Migrants from Western Visayas 18 III. Characteristics of Households with Migrants 32 IV. Family Income and Expenditure: A Comparison Between 60 Households With and Without Migrants V. Return and Reintegration of Migrants in Western Visayas 70 VI. Philippine Policies and Programs on Migration 78 Works Cited 85 Appendix A: 88 Stock Estimates of Migrants from Western Visayas Appendix B: 96 Detailed Table of Family Expenditure Appendix C: 107 Survey Instrument iv Migration and Development in the Philippines: A Review MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE - WESTERN VISAYAS MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES: A REVIEW This chapter presents a brief review of studies on migration and development in the Philippines. This provides a background of the study on the migration situation in Western Visayas. The review includes discussions on migration trends and social and economic impacts of migration. I. MIGRATION TRENDS A. Immigration to the Philippines Immigration to the Philippines is a relatively small phenomenon, involving an annual flow of less than 20,000 foreign nationals settling in the Philippines for various reasons (International Organization for Migration, 2013). The increasing interaction among different countries due to globalization and ASEAN integration indicate that the foreign population in the Philippines might grow in the future, although not in a dramatic way. In the same report by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), most of the immigrants to the Philippines come from China and more recently from the Republic of Korea. The inflow of student who take advantage of tertiary level education or English language programs is growing. In 2012, a total of 58,811 applications for student visas or special study permits were processed and approved; up from 41,443 applications in 2011 (IOM, 2013). B. Emigration 1. Countries of Destination For many years, the Philippines has figured among the top countries of origin in the traditional immigration countries. In a report by Calzado (2007) most of the permanent overseas Filipinos are concentrated in highly developed countries, particularly the US and Trust Territories. Further, the US and Trust Territories as well as Southeast Asia appear to be preferred destinations among irregular migrants, as the former accounted for 40 percent, and the latter 2 MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE - WESTERN VISAYAS accounted for 27 percent of the total stock of undocumented overseas Filipinos (Calzado, 2007). In the 2013 Country Migration Report (IOM, 2013), marriage migration is an important component of the migration outflow and a significant component of the Filipino community in Japan, Republic of Korea and Taiwan. At the start of the overseas labor, the deployment of OFWs was almost exclusively directed toward the Middle East, particularly in the Gulf countries. It was largely facilitated by construction contractors and labor sub-contractors that deployed workers to the construction and oil sectors. Presently, the Gulf countries still account for 67 percent of the outflows of OFWs (IOM, 2013). Other destinations in Asia, in particular Singapore; Hong Kong, China; and Taiwan Province of China have become major destinations of Filipinos, particularly domestic workers and factory workers. 2. Labor Migration Labor migration from the Philippines has constantly grown in the past 40 years and has more than doubled in the last 10 years with 2012 believed
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