Spartacus: the Gladiator
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Screening the Male: Exploring Masculinities in Hollywood Cinema I
SCREENING THE MALE Exploring masculinities in Hollywood cinema Edited by Steven Cohan and Ina Rae Hark London and New York First published 1993 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Disclaimer: For copyright reasons, some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1993 Routledge, collection as a whole Individual chapters © 1993 respective authors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Screening the Male: Exploring Masculinities in Hollywood Cinema I. Cohan, Steven II. Hark, Ina Rae 791.4309 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Screening the male: exploring masculinities in Hollywood cinema/edited by Steven Cohan and Ina Rae Hark. p. cm. 1. Men in motion pictures. 2. Sex in motion pictures. I. Cohan, Steven. II. Hark, Ina Rae. PN1995.9.M46S36 1993 791.43´652041–dc20 92–5815 ISBN 0–415–07758–3 (hbk) ISBN 0–415–07759–1 (pbk) ISBN 0–203–14221–7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0–203–22072–2 (Glassbook Format) 8 ANIMALS OR ROMANS Looking at masculinity in Spartacus Ina Rae Hark When Laura Mulvey’s ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’ detailed how the cinematic apparatus and the conditions of cinema spectatorship invariably place woman as an object of the desiring male gaze, required to present herself as spectacle, its argument did not necessarily exclude the possibility that the apparatus could similarly objectify men who symbolically if not biologically lacked the signifying phallus. -
First Triumvirate and Rise of Octavian BY: Jake, Eliza and Maheen First Triumvirate
First Triumvirate and Rise of Octavian BY: Jake, Eliza and Maheen First Triumvirate • An alliance of the three most powerful men in Rome, Marcus Licinus Crassus, Gaius Julius Caesar, and Gneaus Pompey Magnus. Rome was in chaos and the 3 seized control of the Republic. • The three would dominate Roman politics for personal gains throughout the territories of the Republic. Julius Caesar • In Rome, Julius Caesar was elected as the tribune of the Plebs, military tribune, and governor of many provinces throughout the Republic. • Believed Crassus helped Julius Caesar win the election to become the Propraetor or governor of Hispania in 63 B.C.E. • Julius returned to Rome after his term as governor. Caesar had a business or political agreement with Pompey and Crassus in 60 B.C.E. Caesar was the consul while Pompey and Crassus were in the senate. • Created the First Triumvirate • After his term, Julius was in deeply in debt politically and financially to Crassus and desperately needed to raise money. Marcus Crassus • Crassus was the richest man in all the Roman Republic. He was sharp and clever in Roman politics. He would be a senator and even become consul a few times. • He was a mentor to Julius Caesar in his early career. • Gained much fame during the Spartacus rebellion but much of it was stolen by Pompey. • He was a longtime rival to Pompey Magnus and this would be his eventually downfall. He would ally with Caesar and Pompey, but strived for military victory over Pompey. He went to Parthia where he was defeated at Carrhae. -
Broadside Read- a Brief Chronology of Major Events in Trous Failure
NEWSLETTER OF THE THEATRE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Volume 17, Number 1/Volume 17, Number 2 SPECIAL DOUBLE ISSUE Summer/Fa111989 EXHIBITION SURVEYS MANHATTAN'S EARLY THEATRE HISTORY L An exhibition spotlighting three early New York theatres was on view in the Main I Gallery of The New York Public Library at Lincoln Center from February 13, 1990 through March 31, 1990. Focusing on the Park Theatre on Park Row, Niblo's Garden on Broadway and Prince Street, and Wal- lack's, later called the Star, on Broadway and 13th Street, the exhibition attempted to show, through the use of maps, photo- graphic blowups, programs and posters, the richness of the developing New York theatre scene as it moved northward from lower Manhattan. The Park Theatre has been called "the first important theatre in the United States." It opened on January 29, 1798, across from the Commons (the Commons is now City Hall Park-City Hall was built in 1811). The opening production, As You Like It, was presented with some of the fin- est scenery ever seen. The theatre itself, which could accommodate almost 2,000, was most favorably reviewed. It was one of the most substantial buildings erected in the city to that date- the size of the stage was a source of amazement to both cast and audience. In the early nineteenth century, to increase ticket sales, manager Stephen Price introduced the "star sys- tem" (the importation of famous English stars). This kept attendance high but to some extent discouraged the growth of in- digenous talent. In its later days the Park was home to a fine company, which, in addition to performing the classics, pre- sented the work of the emerging American playwrights. -
Christopher M. MCDONOUGH the Banquet of Crassus: Politics, Myth, and Ritual
Christopher M. MCDONOUGH The Banquet of Crassus: Politics, Myth, and Ritual During his first consulship in 70 B.C., Marcus Licinius Crassus hosted a large public banquet on behalf of Hercules at the Ara Maxima, during which "10,000 tables were set out and each man additionally presented with an allowance of grain enough to last for three months" (Plutarch, Crass. 12). The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to consider the political circumstances of which this extravaganza was a part, and secondly, to show how this political situation helps to throw unexpected light on the connections between the Ara Maxima's unique ritual and its foundation legend. In this banquet, we find a sophisticated treatment of the Altar's peculiar ceremonial practices which, while undertaken to score political points with the Roman crowd, nonetheless highlights the religious harmony of the Altar's myth and rite. It must be noted that in 70 Crassus shared the consulship with Pompey, against whom he was desperately competitive (cf. ! A. Ward, Marcus Crassus [1977] 99ff.). Although both generals were fresh from military successes— Pompey in Spain, Crassus over Spartacus,— Crassus would enjoy only an ovatio, an honor of decidedly lesser distinction than the triumph awarded to Pompey for his Spanish victories. Beryl Rawson (Antichthon 4 [1970] 30ff.) has noted that much of Pompey's propaganda in this year focused on Hercules of the Ara Maxima: to capitalize upon Hercules' Spanish association, Pompey dedicated a new temple of Hercules in this forum to sit alongside this altar. It is in light of this bold initiative by Pompey that we must see Crassus' elaborate banquet: such a large offering in the heart of the cattle market would, as Rawson aptly remarks, "give Crassus an excellent opportunity to steal Pompey's thunder." But, in addition, this distribution must be seen in light of the Ara Maxima's cult restrictions: Varro records th! at whatever was offered to Hercules at the Altar was required to be ea ten in its entirety before the sanctuary (LL 6.54). -
Gladiator Politics from Cicero to the White House
Gladiator Politics from Cicero to the White House The gladiator has become a popular icon. He is the hero fighting against the forces of oppression, a Spartacus or a Maximus. He is the "gridiron gladiator" of Monday night football. But he is also the politician on the campaign trail. The casting of the modern politician as gladiator both appropriates and transforms ancient Roman attitudes about gladiators. Ancient gladiators had a certain celebrity, but they were generally identified as infames and antithetical to the behavior and values of Roman citizens. Gladiatorial associations were cast as slurs against one's political opponents. For example, Cicero repeatedly identifies his nemesis P. Clodius Pulcher as a gladiator and accuses him of using gladiators to compel political support in the forum by means of violence and bloodshed in the Pro Sestio. In the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns the identification of candidates as gladiators reflects a greater complexity of the gladiator as a modern cultural symbol than is reflected by popular film portrayals and sports references. Obama and Clinton were compared positively to "two gladiators who have been at it, both admired for sticking at it" in their "spectacle" of a debate on February 26, 2008 by Tom Ashbrook and Mike McIntyre on NPR's On Point. Romney and Gingrich appeared on the cover of the February 6, 2012 issue of Newsweek as gladiators engaged in combat, Gingrich preparing to stab Romney in the back. These and other examples of political gladiators serve, when compared to texts such as Cicero's Pro Sestio, as a means to examine an ancient cultural phenomenon and modern, popularizing appropriations of that phenomenon. -
Khachaturian BL1 V0 Brilliant 21/12/2011 16:55 Page 1
9256 Khachaturian_BL1_v0_Brilliant 21/12/2011 16:55 Page 1 9256 KH ACH ATURIAN GAY ANE H · SPAR TACUS Ball et Su ites BOLSHOI THEATRE O RCHESTRA EVGENY SVETLANOV Aram Khachaturian 1903 –1978 Khachaturian: Suites from Gayaneh and Spartacus Gayaneh – Ballet Suite Aram Ilyich Khachaturian was born in Tbilisi, Georgia, to a poor Armenian family. 1 Dance of the Rose Maidens 2’42 Although he was fascinated by the music he heard around him as a child, he remained 2 Aysha’s Dance 4’22 self-taught until the early 1920s, when he moved to Moscow with his brother, who had 3 Dance of the Highlanders 1’57 become stage director of the Second Moscow Art Theatre. Despite this lack of formal 4 Lullaby 5’53 training, Khachaturian showed such musical promise that he was admitted to the 5 Noune’s Dance 1’44 Gnessin Institute, where he studied cello and, from 1925, composition with the 6 Armen’s Var 1’58 Institute’s founder, the Russian-Jewish composer Mikhail Gnessin. In 1929, 7 Gayaneh’s Adagio 4’00 Khachaturian entered the Moscow Conservatory where he studied composition with 8 Lezghinka 2’57 Nikolai Myaskovsky and orchestration with Sergei Vasilenko. He graduated in 1934 9 Dance with Tambourines 2’59 and wrote most of his important works – the symphonies, ballets and principal 10 Sabre Dance 2’30 concertos – over the following 20 years. In 1951, he became professor at the Gnessin State Musical and Pedagogical Institute (Moscow) and at the Moscow Conservatory. Spartacus – Ballet Suite He also held important posts at the Composers’ Union, becoming Deputy Chairman of 11 Introduction – Dance of the Nymphs 6’04 the Moscow branch in 1937 and Vice-Chairman of the Organising Committee of Soviet 12 Aegina’s Dance 4’00 Composers in 1939. -
A Fork in the Road: the Catilinarian Conspiracy's Impact
A Fork in the Road: The Catilinarian Conspiracy‘s Impact on Cicero‘s relationships with Pompey, Crassus` and Caesar Jeffrey Larson History 499: Senior Thesis June 13, 2011 © Jeffrey Larson, 2011 1 But concerning friendship, all, to a man, think the same thing: those who have devoted themselves to public life; those who find their joy in science and philosophy; those who manage their own business free from public cares; and, finally, those who are wholly given up to sensual pleasures — all believe that without friendship life is no life at all. .1 The late Roman Republic was filled with crucial events which shaped not only the political environment of the Republic, but also altered the personal and political relationships of the individuals within that Republic. Four of the most powerful, and most discussed, characters of this time are Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC), Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (106 BC – 48 BC), Marcus Licinius Crassus (c. 115 BC – 53 BC), and Gaius Julius Caesar (c. 100 BC – 44 BC). These men often crossed paths and some even had close friendships with each other. Other than Pompeius, better known as Pompey, all the aforementioned individuals were involved, or reportedly involved, in one event which had profound effects on the personal and political relationships of all four individuals. This event is known as the Catilinarian Conspiracy of 63 BC. The Catilinarian Conspiracy was a pivotal episode in the politics of the Late Roman Republic that damaged both the political and personal relationships of Cicero, Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. Politics in the Roman Republic was dominated by a small number of members of the senatorial class. -
Steven Saylor's Roma Sub Rosa Series
The Fight for Rome - James Duffy Fire in the East - Harry Sidebottom “Overseeing a fierce rivalry by three “Third-century Roman defender Ballista takes contenders for the throne after the increasingly extreme measures to reinforce Emperor's death in AD 68, legendary the crumbling walls of a lonely city.” gladiator Quintus Honorius Romanus and his friends are forced to fight with the 2nd book in series: King of Kings legionnaires of Rome during a bloody civil 3rd book in series: Lion of the Sun war, an effort that is compromised by the rise of former slave Lucius Calidius.” 2nd book in series: Sand of the Arena Mistress of Rome - Kate Quinn “A slave girl, Thea, displeases her jealous mistress by her love affair with Rome's Eagle in the Snow - Wallace Breem newest and most savage gladiator and must “The future of Rome is tested as remake herself as a singer for Rome's Maximus, the newly appointed "General aristocrats, where she catches the eye of the of the West" must lead his legion in Emperor of Rome.” defending their territory, while opposing forces grow in numbers and plan their invasion on the fated empire.” Spartacus: The Gladiator - Ben Kane “Returning to his village after escaping the Roman army, Spartacus is betrayed by his Gladiatrix - Russell Whitfield jealous king and forced into life as a gladiator “Surviving a shipwreck, Lysandra ends before executing a daring overthrow and up in the hands of Ludus Balbus, a assuming leadership over an army of notorious owner of gladiators, and must escaped slaves.” fight in the blood-thirsty -
Giants of the Past: Compressive History in the Duel of Scipio and Crixus in Punica 4
Giants of the Past: Compressive History in the Duel of Scipio and Crixus in Punica 4 The battle scenes of Silius Italicus’ Punica make up more than twenty percent of the Flavian poet’s epic, 2,461 (counting only the major scenes) of the poem’s roughly 12,000 lines. Yet, few works in the now flourishing field of Flavian scholarship approach these passages as worthy of extended study. This paper proposes that the battle scenes of the Punica are far more important than presently thought and offers a scene from the battle of Ticinus in book four as a test case for a new reading of the Silian battlefield. At the midpoint of the battle of Ticinus in Punica 4, the consul Scipio (father to the future Africanus) challenges the Gallic chieftain Crixus to a duel. In so doing, Silius activates a number of important resonances from Roman history and myth, creating a nexus of allusions that elevates this short duel into a highly symbolic reenactment of the Roman past and counterfactual representation of the near future. I argue that Silius conceptualizes these early defeats through allusions to mytho-historical moments of Roman victories. I approach this duel through the lens of three important moments: the sack of Rome after the battle of Allia in 390 BC, the Spartacus revolt in the late 70s BC, and the Titanomachy of myth. The sack of Rome by Brennus and the Gauls in 390 BC is directly referenced in the description of Crixus’ shield (Pun. 4.152-53: vertice sacro / pensantes aurum Celtas umbone gerebat). -
ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 5-2011 ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Emerson T. Brooking University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Military History Commons, and the Other Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Brooking, Emerson T., "ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72" 01 May 2011. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145 For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Abstract This study evaluates the military history and practice of the Roman Empire in the context of contemporary counterinsurgency theory. It purports that the majority of Rome’s security challenges fulfill the criteria of insurgency, and that Rome’s responses demonstrate counterinsurgency proficiency. These assertions are proven by means of an extensive investigation of the grand strategic, military, and cultural aspects of the Roman state. Fourteen instances of likely insurgency are identified and examined, permitting the application of broad theoretical precepts -
Sample Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources: Congressional Record, 81st Congress, 2nd Session, volume 96, p.1954-1957. This is a microfilm of the actual Congressional Record from 1950. On these pages, Senator McCarthy read into the record the text of his speech given February 9, 1950 to the Republican Women in Wheeling, West Virginia. The speech takes up a great deal of space in the Congressional Record, not because it is so long, but because of many interruptions by Mr. Lucas. "How People View McCarthy". U.S. News & World Report, March 19, 1954, 36:20-22. This article reveals the impact of the Army/McCarthy hearings on the Senator's popularity with the public. McCarthy was not presented in a very good light during the hearings. He was often nearly out of control and this hurt his popularity with the public. McCarthy, Joseph R. McCarthyism: The Fight for America. New York. The Devin-Adair Company. 1952. This was probably the most important resource because it was written by the Senator himself. This book explains Joseph McCarthy's feelings and motives in his own words. It was written and published before the Army/McCarthy hearings, but it clearly demonstrates his resolve to rid America of the communist threat in our government. It further demonstrates that Joseph McCarthy was a dedicated public servant, educated and articulate. He was aware of the risks of his endeavor and he accepted the consequences. Murrow, Edward R., See It Now, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1955. This book is a collection of transcripts from the television program See It Now, hosted by well known journalist Edward R. -
Doherty, Thomas, Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, Mccarthyism
doherty_FM 8/21/03 3:20 PM Page i COLD WAR, COOL MEDIUM TELEVISION, McCARTHYISM, AND AMERICAN CULTURE doherty_FM 8/21/03 3:20 PM Page ii Film and Culture A series of Columbia University Press Edited by John Belton What Made Pistachio Nuts? Early Sound Comedy and the Vaudeville Aesthetic Henry Jenkins Showstoppers: Busby Berkeley and the Tradition of Spectacle Martin Rubin Projections of War: Hollywood, American Culture, and World War II Thomas Doherty Laughing Screaming: Modern Hollywood Horror and Comedy William Paul Laughing Hysterically: American Screen Comedy of the 1950s Ed Sikov Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema Rey Chow The Cinema of Max Ophuls: Magisterial Vision and the Figure of Woman Susan M. White Black Women as Cultural Readers Jacqueline Bobo Picturing Japaneseness: Monumental Style, National Identity, Japanese Film Darrell William Davis Attack of the Leading Ladies: Gender, Sexuality, and Spectatorship in Classic Horror Cinema Rhona J. Berenstein This Mad Masquerade: Stardom and Masculinity in the Jazz Age Gaylyn Studlar Sexual Politics and Narrative Film: Hollywood and Beyond Robin Wood The Sounds of Commerce: Marketing Popular Film Music Jeff Smith Orson Welles, Shakespeare, and Popular Culture Michael Anderegg Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema, ‒ Thomas Doherty Sound Technology and the American Cinema: Perception, Representation, Modernity James Lastra Melodrama and Modernity: Early Sensational Cinema and Its Contexts Ben Singer