An Archaeological Survey for the Socaich Burn Hydro Scheme, Ardtornish Estate, Morvern, Lochaber, Highland
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An Archaeological Survey for the Socaich Burn Hydro Scheme, Ardtornish Estate, Morvern, Lochaber, Highland. For Hydroplan UK. April 2015. Jennifer G. Robertson MA PhD FSA Scot. MCIfA Garden Cottage, Ardtornish Estate, Morvern, By Oban, Argyll, PA80 5UZ. Tel. 01967 421234. E-Mail [email protected] Socaich Burn Hydro Scheme 1. Summary. Eight archaeological sites were recorded in a desk-based and walkover survey at Socaich Burn, Ardtornish Estate, Morvern, Lochaber, Highland. One is a natural feature: a waterfall, Site 3, with historical associations and the rest are all pertaining to the pre-clearance agricultural landscape. The dyke and field, Sites 5 and 6, the structure, Site 7, and the shieling settlement, Site 8, were part of Achranich farm and are depicted on a plan of 1815. The track, Site 1, and possible shieling settlement, Site 2, were associated with Ardtornish Farm and the dyke, Site 4, was the boundary between the two estates. No Scheduled Ancient Monuments or listed buildings are situated within or near the survey area The archaeological sites with grid references, impact assessments and mitigations are summarized in Table 1 in Appendix A. 2. Introduction. An archaeological survey was undertaken on behalf of Hydroplan UK., at Socaich Burn, Ardtornish Estate, Morvern, Lochaber, Highland (OS 1:10,000 Sheets NM74NW and NM74SW), prior to the proposed construction of a hydro scheme. (See Fig 1: Location Map) Fig. 1: Location Map (Extract from OS Explorer 383 Morvern & Lochaline) (© Crown copyright 2002. All rights reserved. Licence number 10044103) J.G.Robertson. Ardtornish. April 2015. 1 Socaich Burn Hydro Scheme The proposed hydro scheme at Achranich consists of: (See Fig. 3) a) Intake 4 on the Allt Leacach at NM 70291 44818 b) Intake 3 on the Allt na Samhnachain at NM 70322 45558 c) An open leat from Intakes 4 and 3 to: d) An intake header pond at NM 70987 46277 e) Intake 1 on the Allt Na Socaich at NM 72201 45016 f) A buried pipeline from Intake 1 and from the intake header pond via: g) A pipe bridge across the Socaich Burn at NM 71493 46205 to: h) A powerhouse at NM 71719 46982, to the South of the Rannoch Dam. A new access track leads from the existing Rannoch Dam track to the power house and a construction track will follow along the route of the pipelines and leat. The survey area consists of a narrow strip of ground, 50m either side of the proposed pipelines, an area 50m in diameter around the intakes and 100m in diameter around the powerhouse. The survey area lies mostly on Tertiary basalt, resulting from the Mull volcano, apart from the area to the North of the pipe junction and bridge, which crosses the psammitic gneiss of the Moine group. Most of the survey area consists of relatively gently sloping ground, although the pipe route from the Socaich Burn to the power house runs through a gully between low rocky outcrops. The altitude rises from 90m OD at the power house to 220m OD at Intake 4. The whole survey area has been, and still is, used as pasture, though close to an extensive system of cultivated fields. 3. Working Methods. The survey consisted of a combination of a desk-based assessment and a rapid walkover survey. 3.1. Desk-based Assessment. The desk-based assessment consisted of the consultation of a variety of sources: 3.1.1. Sites and Monuments Registers. a) The National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS), held by RCAHMS, John Sinclair House, 16 Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh EH8 9NX, available on www.rcahms.gov.uk b) The Historic Environment Record (HER), held by the Highland Council Archaeology Unit, Planning and Development Service, Glenurquhart Road, Inverness, IV3 5NX, available on www.ambaile.org One site has been recorded within the survey area: 1. Aoineadh Achadh Rainich field system at NM 7026 4653 (Sites 5 & 6) NMRS Ref. NM74NW.25 (Canmore ID 345419) HER Ref. - (No details; four digital air photos) Three further sites have been recorded within the vicinity. 2. Allt Na Socaich shieling hut at NM 7230 4490 (Site 7) NMRS Ref. NM74SW.7 (Canmore ID 81994) J.G.Robertson. Ardtornish. April 2015. 2 Socaich Burn Hydro Scheme HER Ref. MHG 17841 “Shieling Site, 675ft. OD: ‘Gortanbeg’ on a plan of 1815. No traces remain.” (P. Gaskell, 1968) 3. Rubha Na Samhnachain farmstead at NM 6950 4590. NMRS Ref. NM64NE.19 (Canmore ID 79966) HER Ref. MHG 570 “Samhnach: remains of a house and razed remains of at least two other buildings 100yds SSE. At NM 693 460, there are also the outline of one house on the road N of the lime kiln, with remains of two houses and a (?) grain kiln on the plateau above it. All occupied 1815, upper pair abandoned 1841, lower house possibly abandoned in 1855, though still roofed in 1872.” (P. Gaskell, 1968) “Four unroofed, one unroofed building, two enclosures, some field walls and a lime kiln are depicted on the first edition of the OS 6-inch map (Argyllshire, 1880, sheet lxx). Three unroofed buildings, some field walls and a disused kiln are shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10,000 (1975).” 4. Allt Leacach shieling hut at NM 705 447. (Site 2) NMRS Ref. NM74SW.8 (Canmore ID 81995) HER Ref. MHG 17842 “Shielings were probably located at NM 705 447, 800ft OD, the destination of an old track from Ardtornish. There are no remains extant.” (P. Gaskell, 1968) 3.1.2. Maps. a) William Roy’s Map of Scotland, 1747-55. b) George Langlands & Sons: Map of Argyleshire, 1801. c) Plan of the lands of Achranich, surveyed 1815 by Alexander Langlands. (see below - Ardtornish Estate Archives) d) John Thomson: the Atlas of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1832. e) OS 1st Ed. 6” Map Sheets: Argyllshire lv and lxxi, surveyed 1872, publ. 1875. f) OS 2nd Ed. 6” Map Sheets Argyllshire lv SW and lxxi NW, revised 1897, publ. 1900. g) OS 1:10,000 Sheets NM74NW and NM74SW, 1974. h) OS Explorer 383 Morvern & Lochaline, 1:25,000, 2007. 3.1.3. Archives. a) Ardtornish Estate Archives: Plan of the lands of Achranich, surveyed 1815 by Alexander Langlands Copy of Tennyson letter 3.1.4. Aerial Photographs. Aerial photographs were consulted in the RCAHMS Air Photo Unit: a) 106G/UK/0035; Date 27.04.1946; Scale 1:10,000; Frames 5156-7, 5187-91 b) 106G/UK/0102; Date 19.05.1946; Scale 1:9,600; Frames 3351, 4421-25 c) 106G/UK/0101; Date 19.05.1946; Scale 1:10,800;; Frames 3375-79, 3433, 3375, 4335-4340, 4378 d) OS68-105; Date 08.05.1968; Scale 1:10,000, Frames 045-050, 057-058. 3.1.4. Published Sources. Gaskell, Philip: Morvern Transformed, 1968, Cambridge. MacLeod, Rev. J.: “Parish of Morvern” in The New Statistical Account of Scotland, vii, 1845, 163-95. MacLeod, Rev. N.: “Parish of Morvern” in (Old) Statistical Account of Scotland, x, 1794, 262-76. J.G.Robertson. Ardtornish. April 2015. 3 Socaich Burn Hydro Scheme Miers, Mary: The Western Seaboard: An Illustrated Architectural Guide, 2008 RCAHMS Argyll An Inventory of the Monuments Vol. 3 Mull, Tiree, Coll and Northern Argyll, 1980, HMSO. Sellar, E.M.: Recollections and Impressions, 1907, Edinburgh and London. 3.2. Fieldwork. The desk-based research was followed by a rapid walkover survey. This was undertaken in dry, often sunny conditions by the writer on 15th March, 17th March and 2nd April 2015. The survey area is currently used as open pasture and the vegetation cover was conducive to archaeological investigation. 4. Historical Background. “If he did not see Loch Coruisk He ought to be forgiven For though he miss’d a day in Skye He spent a day in Heaven!” (Tennyson, quoted in Sellar, 1907, 56) With this rhyme, Alfred, Lord Tennyson described spending an extra day in Morvern during a visit in 1853, instead of travelling to the Isle of Skye as planned. His hostess, Mrs. E.M. Sellar recorded that they had gone “for a long walk on the moors, ending at a waterfall that fell over a cliff, hollowed out, under which we were able to creep; and we sat with the water falling before us like a silver veil.” (Sellar, 1907, 54) According to local tradition, this waterfall was that on the Allt na Samhnachain and is now known locally as Tennyson’s Waterfall, Site 3. The survey area is situated above the steep cliff of Aoineadh Achadh Rainich on fertile, gently sloping ground to the East of Loch Aline and South of the River Rannoch. The Achranich area has a long history of occupation. Although there is no evidence of prehistoric activity within the survey area, considerable remains are found to the NW of the loch-head. Bronze Age burial cairns occur at Kinlochaline while further examples have been recorded along the Aline Valley, leading from Kinlochaline to Acharn. Even earlier occupation is suggested by the discovery of Mesolithic flints, also at Acharn. 1 Medieval settlement is also focussed on the NW side of the loch, in the shape of Kinlochaline Castle, constructed in the 15th century. Remodelled in c.1600, the castle features a first floor entrance with a pit prison below the guard chamber. 2 An attack in 1679 by the 9th Earl of Argyll, which left cannon balls wedged in the castle wall, presumably had an effect on the whole area around the head of Loch Aline. From 1703 to 1775, the central portion of Morvern, including the survey area was part of the estate of Cameron of Glendessary, whose house at Acharn seems to have been a superior version of the creel houses, occupied by the tenants: consisting of wicker work between oak beams and covered with heather and turf, the interior was nevertheless “divided into several apartments, and finished in a style of taste 1 Kinlochaline Cairns = NMRS Ref.