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The Construction of the Urban Identity in Late Medieval Italy the Case of Tuscany (Thirteenth to Fourteenth Century)
Review of History and Political Science June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 47-59 ISSN: 2333-5718 (Print), 2333-5726 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2015. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/rhps.v3n1a5 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/rhps.v3n1a5 The Construction of the Urban Identity in Late Medieval Italy the Case of Tuscany (Thirteenth to Fourteenth Century) Francesco Salvestrini1 Abstract The history of Tuscany during the Middle Ages has been a topic of great interest for many Italian and foreign scholars since at least the beginning of the nineteenth century. Research on the subject has thrived because of this Italian region’s exceptional dynamics and high level of urbanization during the XIIth to XIVth centuries, which are practically unique from the political and the economic standpoints, and because of its social structure and its cultural heritage. The paper tries to explain the reasons for the great demographic, economic and social development of Tuscan cities in the city-states age, comparing the situation of major agglomerations with the one of important towns. The text analyzes the massive increase in urban production, trade and banking at an international level, connected to the control of agricultural resources coming from cities’ countryside. Attention is also paid to the civic religion, to the historical culture and to political rules of the most important communities, to show the peculiarities of the region on the eve of the Renaissance. The history of Tuscany during the Middle Ages has been a topic of great interest for many Italian and foreign scholars since at least the beginning of the nineteenth century2. -
The Vigils of Medieval Tuscany
Plainsong and Medieval Music, 17, 1, 23–54 © 2008 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0961137108000764 Printed in the United Kingdom The vigils of medieval Tuscany BENJAMIN BRAND* ABSTRACT. Of the liturgical ceremonies enacted by the papal court in the Middle Ages, few were as distinctive as the ‘double offices’ that occurred on nights before high feasts of the Sanctorale. These consisted of two night offices, a private ‘vigil’ enacted by the pope and his entourage at dusk and a public office at the normal hour of Matins. Even as this custom flourished in Rome through the twelfth century, it concomitantly migrated north to cathedrals throughout Tuscany. Typically comprising only one nocturn, the Tuscan vigils shed their once private character, presenting a selection of the plainsong and lessons of the night office at a convenient hour for the laity. They likewise acquired distinctively civic overtones as cathedral clerics employed them in honour of local patron saints. Nowhere was this transformation more evident than in Florence and Lucca, where the vigils of Sts Zenobius and Reparata, Regulus and Martin emerged as eminently public spectacles. In this way, Tuscan clerics transformed a venerable Roman tradition into an emblem of civic as well as ecclesiastical prestige. Of the eight canonical hours celebrated daily at religious houses throughout medieval Christendom, none were longer or more complex than Matins. This so-called ‘night office’ began in the early hours of the morning with the recitation of two short versicles with their responses. Then followed a hymn, which was either proper to the feast or season, or part of a fixed cycle for specific days of the week throughout the year. -
Life of St. Rita of Cascia, O.S.A
ST. RITA RECEIVES HER MIRACULOUS WOUND [Frontispiece LIFE OF ST. RITA OF CASCIA from tbe 3talfan .- BY I VERY REV. RICHARD CONNOLLY O.S.A.. D.D. I R & T. WASHBOURNE 4 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON BENZIGPR BROS: NPW YO% CINCINNATI AND CHICAGO 1903 - i- Private Use Only @hi1 Qbsktt : FR. JOANNES L. CONDON, O.S.A., CEN~.DEPUTATUS. PERMISSION TO PUBLISH WE approve of the publication of the ' Life of St. Rita of Cascia.' from the Italian, by the Very Rev. Fr. Richard Connolly, O.S.A., D.D. FR. W. O'SULLIVAN, O.S.A., VIUR PROVINCIAL. CORK,FCd of Sf. PPdri, 1903. Emprimafat%: HERBERTUS CARDINALIS VA~GHAN, AUCHI~PI~COPU~WESTMONAST~R~~NS~S. More Free Items at www.catholickingdom.com PART I RITA IN THE WORLD CHAPTER PAGE I. CASCIA: A GLANCE AT ITS HISTORY - 9 11. RITA'S PARENTS - 2 1 III. RITA'S WONDERFUL CONCEPTION IV. RITA'S BIRTH . V. THE WHITE BEES OF ST. RITA - VI. RITA'S CHILDHOOD vlI, RITA'S LOVE OF RETIREMENT - VIII. RITA'S MARRIAGE - IX-RITAASWIFE - X. DEATH OF RITA'S HUSBAND AND CHILDREN --RITA AS WIDOW - PART I1 RITA IN THE CLOISTER I. RITA'S MIRACULOUS ENTRY INTO THE CLOISTER AND HER RECEPTION - 83 11. RITA AS NOVICE-HER PROFESSION - - 92 111. RITA'S CHARITY - - 97 IV. OTHER VIRTUES WHICH RITA PRACTISED IN THE CLOISTER - - 105 Private Use Only CHAPTER PAGE V. RITA'S OBSERVANCE OF THE RELIGIOUS VOWS - I10 VI. RITA'S PENANCES - - I20 VII. RITA'S SPIRIT OF PRAYER - 125 VIII. A THORN FROM THE SAVIOUR'S CROWN OF THORNS WOUNDS RITA'S FOREHEAD - - 132 IX.