Volume 94 Issue 4 Jul-Aug 2017
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Yawn Duration Predicts Brain Size in Wild Cats (Felidae)
! "#$%&!'#! ()*+,)-!./!(011! 230+4-! 5))-6-)70)8)3! ! Yawn Duration Predicts Brain Size in Wild Cats (Felidae) Andrew C. Gallup1*, Brenna Crowe2, and Michael Yanchus2 1SUNY Polytechnic Institute, U.S.A. 2SUNY College at Oneonta, U.S.A. Recently, yawn duration was shown to be a robust predictor of brain size and complexity across a diverse sample of mammalian species. In particular, mammals with larger brains and more cortical neurons have longer yawns on average. Here, we investigated whether this relationship between yawn duration and brain size, which was previously at the taxonomic rank of class, is also present within a more restricted scale: a family of mammals. Using previously published data on brain weight and endocranial volumes among various field species within the family Felidae, we ran correlations with yawn durations obtained from openly accessible videos on the Internet. Consistent with previous findings, we show a strong linear relationship between yawn duration and both brain weight and brain volumes among wild cats. However, yawn duration was not significantly correlated with species body weight. Although limited to a small sample, these results provide convergent evidence for an important and general neurophysiologic function to yawning and highlight the utility of measuring yawn duration in comparative research. Yawning is characterized by a powerful gaping of the jaw with inspiration, a brief period of peak muscle contraction and a passive closure of the jaw with shorter expiration (Barbizet, 1958). Yawning or yawn- like mandibular gaping patterns have been documented across vertebrate classes (Baenninger, 1987), suggesting it is an evolutionarily conserved behavior with adaptive value. -
Integrating Vocal and Musical Techniques in the Choral Rehearsal
Columbus State University CSU ePress Theses and Dissertations Student Publications 5-2007 Integrating Vocal and Musical Techniques in the Choral Rehearsal William W. Rayfield III Columbus State University Follow this and additional works at: https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations Part of the Music Education Commons Recommended Citation Rayfield, William .W III, "Integrating Vocal and Musical Techniques in the Choral Rehearsal" (2007). Theses and Dissertations. 56. https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/56 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at CSU ePress. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSU ePress. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/integratingvocalOOrayf Columbus State University Integrating Vocal and Musical Techniques in the Choral Rehearsal A Graduate Music Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Music in Music Education William W. Rayfield III May 2007 The undergsigned, appointed by the Schwob School of Music at Columbus State University, have examined the Graduate Music Project titled Integrating Vocal and Musical Techniques in the Choral Rehearsal presented by William W. Rayfield III a candidate for the degree of Master of Music in Music Education and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. (Project Advisor) // Abstract The vocal warm-up is an aspect of the choral rehearsal which is many times seen as nothing more than a brief period in which a singer in an ensemble "warms''' his or her vocal mechanism in preparation for singing. -
Heritage Route 23 on the Great Lakes with a Hundred-Acre the Largest Falls in the Lower Peninsula
1 Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center - 5 Alpena Bi-Path 10a Paul Bunyan 10b Shinga-ba-Shores Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary The Alpena Bi-Path is a bicycle and pedestrian ichigan Dive in and explore Great Lakes maritime heritage pathway throughout the City. Bike, walk, roller lpena,M at the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and blade and skateboard on the 18+ miles of paved Babe was white at the time he was built in A the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center. Thunder pathway and access all the waterfront parks in 1937/38 on the hill across from the Lookout Bay was designated as a national marine sanctuary the city. The Bi-Path follows along the top of the Inn. The legend was that a white cow on a hill to protect a nationally significant collection of breakwall at the marina, allowing an unobstructed signified good luck. In 1950, new owners bought nearly 200 shipwrecks that lie in Lake Huron off the view of Lake Huron. A section follows the shore the hill and Babe was painted blue. Paul was built coast of Alpena County, Michigan. These vessels of the Thunder Bay River through the Alpena in 1953. In 2006, Paul and Babe were moved to rest in an area known as Shipwreck Alley and tell County Fairgrounds. The Bi-Path encompasses the Maritime Heritage Trail located their present location and were restored in 2007. stories of the development of the Great Lakes region and the western expansion of the along the Thunder Bay River next to the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center and Shinga-ba-Shores is located across US 23 from Dinosaur Gardens. -
Yawning”: a Physiological Insight
Published online: 2020-07-08 THIEME Review Article 57 The Mystery behind “Yawning”: A Physiological Insight Dipak Kumar Dhar1 Ritik Arora2 1Department of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Address for correspondence Dipak Kumar Dhar, MD, Department Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248140, Uttarakhand, 2Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan India (e-mail: [email protected]). University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India J Health Allied Sci NU:2020;10:57–62 Abstract Yawning is a very ubiquitous yet very poorly understood phenomenon. Even though with advancements in science, the scientific community has been able to decode the mechanisms and mysteries behind most of the physiological functions of the body, but we still do not have clear answers to this common activity that all of us experience numerous times on a daily basis. It is the enigma surrounding yawning that makes it all more intriguing. A lot of hypotheses and theories have been proposed since the times of Hippocrates. With more modern neuroimaging methods and bioassays avail- able now, more meticulous inquiry is being increasingly made to elucidate a rational and scientifically sound physiological basis of yawning. A comprehensive and exhaus- Keywords tive study of articles and research work available on the internet on the subject was ► yawning made through various search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. This article ► mirror neuron system attempts to provide in a nutshell the available information and knowledge on the sub- ► arousal ject and discuss its plausibility and the future direction of research in this field. -
Contagious Yawning in Gelada Baboons As a Possible Expression of Empathy
Contagious yawning in gelada baboons as a possible expression of empathy E. Palagia,1, A. Leonea,b, G. Mancinia,b, and P. F. Ferrarib,c aCentro Interdipartimentale Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita`di Pisa, 56011 Pisa, Italy; and Dipartimento di bBiologia Evolutiva e Funzionale and cNeuroscienze, Universita`di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy Communicated by Frans B. M. de Waal, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, September 29, 2009 (received for review May 9, 2009) Yawn contagion in humans has been proposed to be related to our scratching, perhaps indicative of increased anxiety (15). Al- capacity for empathy. It is presently unclear whether this capacity though those are the first attempts to investigate the phenom- is uniquely human or shared with other primates, especially mon- enon of contagious yawning in nonhuman primates, the evidence keys. Here, we show that in gelada baboons (Theropithecus remains meager, at least in monkeys, and more data are needed gelada) yawning is contagious between individuals, especially to better understand the natural or naturalistic conditions under those that are socially close, i.e., the contagiousness of yawning which yawning can be elicited and the possible social functions correlated with the level of grooming contact between individuals. of yawn contagion. This correlation persisted after controlling for the effect of spatial The infectiousness of yawning and the difficulty to suppress it association. Thus, emotional proximity rather than spatial proxim- when we observe someone else yawning are clear signs of a ity best predicts yawn contagion. Adult females showed precise connection present between two or more individuals and suggest matching of different yawning types, which suggests a mirroring that this phenomenon might involve not only purely motor mechanism that activates shared representations. -
Contagious Yawning in Autistic and Typical Development
Child Development, September/October 2010, Volume 81, Number 5, Pages 1620–1631 Contagious Yawning in Autistic and Typical Development Molly S. Helt and Inge-Marie Eigsti Peter J. Snyder University of Connecticut Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Deborah A. Fein University of Connecticut The authors tested susceptibility to contagious yawning in 120 children, 1–6 years, to identify the time course of its emergence during development. Results indicated a substantial increase in the frequency of contagious yawning at 4 years. In a second study, the authors examined contagious yawning in 28 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 6–15 years. Children with ASD showed diminished susceptibility to contagious yawning compared with 2 control groups matched for mental and chronological age, respectively. In addi- tion, children diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) a milder variant of autism, were more susceptible to contagious yawning than were children diagnosed with full Autistic Disorder. The authors explore the implications of these findings for theories about the develop- ment of mimicry and emotional contagion. Contagion refers to the tendency of a particular roots of automatic social behaviors that potentially behavior to spread through a group in a ‘‘chain lay the foundations for the development of reaction.’’ The behaviors that most often trigger empathy. contagious reactions in others are those that signify At least one mechanism by which emotional con- the inner states of others (Hatfield, Caccioppo, & tagion comes about is via the underlying processes Rapson, 1994). For example, infants in hospital of mimicry and afferent feedback (Hatfield et al., nurseries begin to cry when they hear other babies 1994). -
RV Sites in the United States Location Map 110-Mile Park Map 35 Mile
RV sites in the United States This GPS POI file is available here: https://poidirectory.com/poifiles/united_states/accommodation/RV_MH-US.html Location Map 110-Mile Park Map 35 Mile Camp Map 370 Lakeside Park Map 5 Star RV Map 566 Piney Creek Horse Camp Map 7 Oaks RV Park Map 8th and Bridge RV Map A AAA RV Map A and A Mesa Verde RV Map A H Hogue Map A H Stephens Historic Park Map A J Jolly County Park Map A Mountain Top RV Map A-Bar-A RV/CG Map A. W. Jack Morgan County Par Map A.W. Marion State Park Map Abbeville RV Park Map Abbott Map Abbott Creek (Abbott Butte) Map Abilene State Park Map Abita Springs RV Resort (Oce Map Abram Rutt City Park Map Acadia National Parks Map Acadiana Park Map Ace RV Park Map Ackerman Map Ackley Creek Co Park Map Ackley Lake State Park Map Acorn East Map Acorn Valley Map Acorn West Map Ada Lake Map Adam County Fairgrounds Map Adams City CG Map Adams County Regional Park Map Adams Fork Map Page 1 Location Map Adams Grove Map Adelaide Map Adirondack Gateway Campgroun Map Admiralty RV and Resort Map Adolph Thomae Jr. County Par Map Adrian City CG Map Aerie Crag Map Aeroplane Mesa Map Afton Canyon Map Afton Landing Map Agate Beach Map Agnew Meadows Map Agricenter RV Park Map Agua Caliente County Park Map Agua Piedra Map Aguirre Spring Map Ahart Map Ahtanum State Forest Map Aiken State Park Map Aikens Creek West Map Ainsworth State Park Map Airplane Flat Map Airport Flat Map Airport Lake Park Map Airport Park Map Aitkin Co Campground Map Ajax Country Livin' I-49 RV Map Ajo Arena Map Ajo Community Golf Course Map -
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National List of Beaches 2008
National List of Beaches September 2008 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington DC 20460 EPA-823-R-08-004 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 States Alabama........................................................................................................................................... 3 Alaska .............................................................................................................................................. 5 California.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Connecticut .................................................................................................................................... 15 Delaware........................................................................................................................................ 17 Florida ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Georgia .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Hawaii ............................................................................................................................................ 33 Illinois ............................................................................................................................................ -
Contagious Yawning in Chimpanzees Pro- Position Cameras, Two of Which Were Operated Manually
enclosure and enter a familiar test booth; three of them brought their 3-year-old dependent infants with them. The chimpanzees had exten- sive experience with experiments on learning and cognition (Matsuzawa 1985, 2003; Kawai & Matsuzawa 2000; Morimura & Matsuzawa 2001), but none had previously observed video stimuli of the type used here. This experimental work complied with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Primates, Primate Contagious yawning in Research Institute, Kyoto University. chimpanzees (b) Experimental apparatus We prepared two ‘yawn’ and two ‘open-mouthed’ videotapes. 1* 2 Yawn videos contained 10 naturally occurring yawns by chimpan- James R. Anderson , Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi zees, each separated by 6–10 s of a blue, blank screen (see figure 1 and Tetsuro Matsuzawa3 for an example). Open-mouthed videos were equated for total dur- ation, and showed chimpanzees displaying eight or ten open- 1Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK mouthed faces but not yawning (for example, while pant-hooting or 2The University of Shiga Prefecture, School of Human Cultures, grinning), again separated by a blank screen. The videos displayed Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan chimpanzees in various postures and orientations, the most salient 3Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, feature being the yawns or open-mouthed expressions. One yawn Aichi 484-8501, Japan video presented yawns by familiar chimpanzees from the subjects’ * Author for correspondence ( [email protected]). own group, and the other presented yawns by unfamiliar chimpan- zees in the wild. The videos were shown silently on a 35 cm monitor Recd 09.04.04; Accptd 28.05.04; Published online (Panasonic TH-14RF2) positioned on a small table 30 cm high and ca. -
The Art of Capturing a Yawn Using the Science of Nerve Impulses and Cortisol Levels in a Randomized Controlled Trial
International Journal of Arts & Sciences, CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934 :: 07(03):543–557 (2014) THE ART OF CAPTURING A YAWN USING THE SCIENCE OF NERVE IMPULSES AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. THOMPSON CORTISOL HYPOTHESIS AS A POTENTIAL PREDICTOR OF NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT Simon B N Thompson, Charlotte Frankham and Philip Bishop Bournemouth University, United Kingdom Background : Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis proposed yawning correlates with rises in cortisol levels. Cortisol is fundamental to immune system regulation. Pathological yawning is a symptom of MS. Electro-myographical activity (EMG) in the jaw muscles rises when stretched; and is likely to be correlated with yawning, and potentially correlated with cortisol levels in healthy people and in MS. Objectives : Investigate possible link between EMG in jaw muscles with rises in saliva cortisol levels during yawning. Method : Randomized controlled trial: 11 male and 15 female volunteers aged 18-53 years exposed to conditions that provoked a yawning response. Saliva samples were collected at start and after yawning or at the end of stimuli presentations if the participant failed to yawn, and EMG data was collected during rest and yawning phases and is novel. Yawning susceptibility scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire, demographic, health details were collected for yawners and non-yawners, between rest and yawning phases. Exclusion criteria: chronic fatigue, diabetes, fibromyalgia, heart condition, high blood pressure, hormone replacement therapy, multiple sclerosis, stroke. Results : Significant differences between saliva cortisol samples. Yawners, t(11) = -3.115, p = 0.010; F (1, 11) = 13.680 p < 0.025, and non-yawners, t(14) = -2.658, p = 0.019; F (1, 14) = 4.758 p = 0.047. -
National List of Beaches 2004 (PDF)
National List of Beaches March 2004 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington DC 20460 EPA-823-R-04-004 i Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 States Alabama ............................................................................................................... 3 Alaska................................................................................................................... 6 California .............................................................................................................. 9 Connecticut .......................................................................................................... 17 Delaware .............................................................................................................. 21 Florida .................................................................................................................. 22 Georgia................................................................................................................. 36 Hawaii................................................................................................................... 38 Illinois ................................................................................................................... 45 Indiana.................................................................................................................. 47 Louisiana