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Breakthrough Propulsion Study Assessing Interstellar Flight Challenges and Prospects
Breakthrough Propulsion Study Assessing Interstellar Flight Challenges and Prospects NASA Grant No. NNX17AE81G First Year Report Prepared by: Marc G. Millis, Jeff Greason, Rhonda Stevenson Tau Zero Foundation Business Office: 1053 East Third Avenue Broomfield, CO 80020 Prepared for: NASA Headquarters, Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) and NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Washington, DC 20546 June 2018 Millis 2018 Grant NNX17AE81G_for_CR.docx pg 1 of 69 ABSTRACT Progress toward developing an evaluation process for interstellar propulsion and power options is described. The goal is to contrast the challenges, mission choices, and emerging prospects for propulsion and power, to identify which prospects might be more advantageous and under what circumstances, and to identify which technology details might have greater impacts. Unlike prior studies, the infrastructure expenses and prospects for breakthrough advances are included. This first year's focus is on determining the key questions to enable the analysis. Accordingly, a work breakdown structure to organize the information and associated list of variables is offered. A flow diagram of the basic analysis is presented, as well as more detailed methods to convert the performance measures of disparate propulsion methods into common measures of energy, mass, time, and power. Other methods for equitable comparisons include evaluating the prospects under the same assumptions of payload, mission trajectory, and available energy. Missions are divided into three eras of readiness (precursors, era of infrastructure, and era of breakthroughs) as a first step before proceeding to include comparisons of technology advancement rates. Final evaluation "figures of merit" are offered. Preliminary lists of mission architectures and propulsion prospects are provided. -
Advanced Space Propulsion Systems Content
Advanced Space Propulsion Systems Content • Propulsion Fundamentals Advanced Space Propulsion Systems • Chemical Propulsion Systems • Launch Assist Technologies Lecture 317.014 • Nuclear Propulsion Systems • Electric Propulsion Systems • Micropropulsion Dr. Martin Tajmar • Propellentless Propulsion Institute for Lightweight Structures and Aerospace Engineering Space Propulsion, ARC Seibersdorf research • Breakthrough Propulsion 2 History & Propulsion Fundamentals Propulsion Fundamentals – 1.1 History Isaac Newton’s • Feng Jishen invested Fire Arrow in 970 AD Principia Mathematia (1687) • Used against Japanese Invasion in 1275 • Mongolian and arab troups brought it to Europe • 1865 Jules Verne published Voyage from Earth Reaction Principle to the Moon Constantin Tsiolkovski (1857-1935) Robert Goddard (1882-1945) Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) • Self-educated mathematics teacher • Launched first liquid-fueled • Die Rakete zu den m rocket 1926 Planetenräumen (1923) ∆v = v ⋅ln 0 • The Investigation of Space by rocket 1926 Planetenräumen (1923) p m Means of Reactive Drives (1903) • Gyroscope guidance • Most influencial on Wernher • Liquid-Fuel Rockets, multi-staging, patens, etc. von Braun 3 4 artificial satellites 1.1 History 1.1 History Fritz von Opel – RAK 2 (1925) Saturn V Treaty of Versailles from World War I Wernher von Braun prohibits Germany from Long-Range Space Shuttle Fritz Lang – Die Frau im Mond (1912-1977) Artillery • Hermann Oberth contracted to built rocket for premiere showing Walter Dornberger recruits Wernher von • Rocket was -
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CHAPTER 1 CLASSIFICATION The word propulsion comes from the Latin propulsus, which is the past participle of the verb propellere, meaning to drive away. In a broad sense propulsion is the act of changing the motion of a body. Propulsion mechanisms provide a force that moves bodies that are initially at rest, changes a velocity, or overcomes retarding forces when a body is propelled through a medium. Jet propulsion is a means of locomotion whereby a reaction force is imparted to a device by the momentum of ejected matter. Rocket propulsion is a class of jet propulsion that produces thrust by ejecting matter stored in a flying vehicle called the propellant. Duct propulsion is a class of jet propulsion and includes turbojets and ramjets; these engines are also com- monly called air-breathing engines. Duct propulsion devices utilize mostly the surrounding medium as the “working fluid,” together with some vehicle-stored fuel. Combinations of rockets and duct propulsion devices can be attractive for some narrow applications and one is briefly described in this chapter. The energy source most useful to rocket propulsion is chemical combustion. Energy can also be supplied by solar radiation and, in the past, also by nuclear reaction. Accordingly,COPYRIGHTED the various propulsion devices MATERIAL can be divided into chem- ical propulsion, nuclear propulsion,andsolar propulsion. Table 1–1 lists many of the important propulsion concepts according to their energy source and type of propellant or working fluid. Radiation energy can originate from sources other than the sun and theoretically can cover the transmission of energy by microwave and laser beams, electromagnetic waves, and electrons, protons, and other par- ticle beams from a transmitter to a flying receiver. -
Classification
CHAPTER 1 CLASSIFICATION Propulsion in a broad sense is the act of changing the motion of a body. Propulsion mechanisms provide a force that moves bodies that are initially at rest, changes a velocity, or overcomes retarding forces when a body is propelled through a medium. Jet propulsion is a means of locomotion whereby a reaction force is imparted to a device by the momentum of ejected matter. Rocket propulsion is a class of jet propulsion that produces thrust by ejecting stored matter, called the propellant. Duct propulsion is a class of jet propulsion and includes turbojets and ramjets; these engines are also commonly called air- breathing engines. Duct propulsion devices utilize mostly the surrounding medium as the ``working ¯uid'', together with some stored fuel. Combinations of rockets and duct propulsion devices are attractive for some applications and are described in this chapter. The energy source most useful to rocket propulsion is chemical combustion. Energy can also be supplied by solar radiation and, in the past, also by nuclear reaction. Accordingly, the various propulsion devices can be divided into chemical propulsion, nuclear propulsion,andsolar propulsion. Table 1±1 lists many of the important propulsion concepts according to their energy source and type of propellant or working ¯uid. Radiation energy can origi- nate from sources other than the sun, and theoretically can cover the trans- mission of energy by microwave and laser beams, electromagnetic waves, and electrons, protons, and other particle beams from a transmitter to a ¯ying receiver. Nuclear energy is associated with the transformations of atomic particles within the nucleus of atoms and can be of several types, namely, ®ssion, fusion, and decay of radioactive species. -
Flight of Outer Solar System
Article Interstellar Flight 5 2 16 AFTER RBC DOI 10.32370/2018_07_17 Flight of Outer Solar System Alexander Bolonkin C&R, [email protected] Abstract Author researches, discusses and estimates the need parameters of launch systems the mini automatic probe for flight to the nearest star systems “Alpha-Centauri” and others. He shows that problem is very difficult for current and future technology. Launch requests gigantic energy, expensive equipment and large trip time. The conventional nuclear and thermonuclear on-board reactors cannot also solve this problem (Part 1). Author offers and researches three new possible perspective propulsion systems: multi-reflex light system used new sell-multi-reflex mirror and lasers (Part 2); cold plasma beam from Earth (Part 3) and on-board Micro Black Hole (MBH) nuclear photon rocket (Part 4). In all methods, he offered innovations, which make possible to implement all with current technology. Two first methods request the high altitude (40 ÷ 80 km) mast. He estimates: the requested launch system (laser multi-reflect propulsion, cold plasma beam propulsion, MBH nuclear propulsion, etc.);grown and board equipment, energy installation (generator and accelerator); interstellar flight; environmental, medium drag; interstellar micro particles; communication with Earth. Author showed – the most realistic interstellar launch system is laser beam used the cell reflective mirror or ultra-cold plasma beam. Keywords: interstellar launch, interstellar flight, interstellar propulsion and generator systems, laser beam, cell mirror, laser propulsion, plasma beam propulsion, photon rocket, micro black hole generator. Contents Introduction. Review of main problem an interstellar flight. Part 1. Research of Space Flight in Outer Solar System.