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Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses to Grassland Restoration: Does the Field of Dreams Really Exist? David A

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Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses to Grassland Restoration: Does the Field of Dreams Really Exist? David A South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Theses and Dissertations 2017 Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses to Grassland Restoration: Does the Field of Dreams Really Exist? David A. Schumann South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Schumann, David A., "Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses to Grassland Restoration: Does the Field of Dreams Really Exist?" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1732. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1732 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MEASURING AQUATIC ORGANISM RESPONSES TO GRASSLAND RESTORATION: DOES THE FIELD OF DREAMS REALLY EXIST? BY DAVID A. SCHUMANN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences South Dakota State University 2017 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and most of all I want to thank Dr. Katie Bertrand for granting me the opportunity and support I needed to complete the final leg of my graduate education at South Dakota State University. Without her guidance and dedication to my academic development I would not be near the student I am today. Thank you for being a devoted mentor throughout my tenure in South Dakota and helping me realize my potential as a fisheries scientist. Above all else, thank you for sharing your passion for ecological research! I would further like to thank four others, all of whom agreed to serve on my supervisory committee and made irreplaceable contributions to my graduate education. Without the input and guidance of each of these individuals my research would not have been successful. Their experience has greatly benefitted my academic career and challenged me to think more clearly about fish ecology. First, Dr. Joshua Stafford served as a secondary advisor and provided me with invaluable guidance as we developed my principle research objectives. He was always a very supportive and nurturing mentor that offered both criticism and commendation when warranted. In particular, I place tremendous value on Dr. Stafford’s Wildlife Research and Design course. This class prepared me like no other to pursue my terminal degree and helped me become a successful natural resource scientist. I also would like to thank Drs. Chipps and Graeb for being available at all times to discuss new ideas, develop research objectives, design analyses, and help me through any difficulty. At a pivotal time during my Ph.D. work, Dr. Graeb asked “are you happy?” This simple query and subsequent conversation irrevocably altered my thought processes and changed my entire worldview, saving me from my own demons of the time. I especially enjoyed the “drumming” talks that I shared iv with Dr. Chipps. He not only supported my decision to commit considerable time and effort to percussion education in South Dakota but recognized the value and influence that those efforts would have on my career. During my search for gainful employment following graduation, each of these individuals provided me with important lessons on how to properly “sell” myself. Finally, I would like to formally thank Chelsey Pasbrig for her dedicated support to my education outside of the classroom as well as her input on this and many other research endeavors. Chelsey’s unparalleled understanding of South Dakota nongame fishes and her management vision were a tremendous resource throughout this effort. Without the support of numerous fellow graduate students, undergraduate students, and several exemplary technicians I would not have accomplished much of anything in Brookings. These people were my support system, my friends, and basically my entire life in this city. Without them I wouldn’t have made it! Of principle importance were the contributions of my lab group. This revolving group of blossoming scientists were instrumental in my success, be it through detailed evaluations of my upcoming presentations or lengthy, sometimes heated, discussions about fish ecology. Although this constitutes about 25 people since I first started this journey in 2013, several individuals deserve special thanks. Chad Kaiser, Jenna Haag, Eli Felts, Stephen Jones, and Matt Wagner each challenged me intellectually and helped me learn numerous analyses and techniques. We spent many hours learning together and I cherished every moment. Jarrett Pfrimmer, who not only assisted me with my research much more than I ever helped him, but also served as a great friend and my very own bird tutor. I cannot imagine a better partner for this research project than Jarrett. He remained supportive v despite my constant annoyance and taught me more about practical wildlife management than any book ever could. Thank you to all whom spent substantial time dedicated to this project by helping with field sampling, data organization, and other laboratory projects. I only hope that I have given back as much as you all have given me. This study was funded in part by federal funding through State Wildlife Grant T- 59-R1, Study “Evaluation of the James River Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program in South Dakota”, administered through the US Fish and Wildlife Service and provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Additional funding was provided by the South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks Small Grants Program, the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch project SD00H300-09— Conservation of fisheries and stream ecosystem in the Northern Great Plains), and the David W. Willis Fisheries Research Award. Special thanks are offered to South Dakota State University and Department of Natural Resource Management for providing lab space and equipment. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi Introduction and Literature Review ................................................................................1 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................9 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................11 Chapter Two: Indirect Impacts of Grassland Conservation on Aquatic Ecosystems ......19 Abstract ..............................................................................................................................20 Introduction ........................................................................................................................21 Methods..............................................................................................................................23 Results ................................................................................................................................29 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................36 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................52 Chapter Three: Movement of Prairie Fishes in a Fragmented Riverscape: Ecosystem Processes Risk Being Ratcheted Downstream ...................................................................62 Abstract ..............................................................................................................................63 Introduction ........................................................................................................................65 Methods..............................................................................................................................67 Results ................................................................................................................................72 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................74 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................85 Chapter Four: Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tags Surgically Implanted into Small-Bodied Fishes ..........................................................................................................94 Abstract ..............................................................................................................................95 Introduction ........................................................................................................................96 Methods..............................................................................................................................98
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