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Glaucoma : Science and Practice www.dbeBooks.com - An Ebook Library MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page i Glaucoma Science and Practice MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page ii This page intentionally left blank MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page iii Glaucoma Science and Practice Edited by John C. Morrison, M.D. Irvin P. Pollack, M.D. Professor of Ophthalmology Professor of Ophthalmology Oregon Health and Science University The Johns Hopkins University And And Director of the Glaucoma Service Emeritus The Fred P. Thompson Glaucoma Clinic Ophthalmologist-In-Chief and and Casey Eye Institute Director Krieger Eye Institute Portland, Oregon Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Baltimore Maryland Thieme New York • Stuttgart MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page iv Consulting Editor: Esther Gumpert Editorial Assistant: Owen Zurhellen Director, Production and Manufacturing: Anne Vinnicombe Production Editor: Becky Dille Marketing Director: Phyllis Gold Sales Manager: Ross Lumpkin Chief Financial Officer: Peter van Woerden President: Brian D. Scanlan Compositor: Emilcomp\Prepare Ltd. Printer: Four Colour Imports, Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glaucoma : a clinical guide / [edited by] John C. Morrison, Irvin P. Pollack p. ; cm. Includes bibliograpical references. ISBN 0-86577-915-5 (TMP : alk. paper) -- ISBN 3131246715 (GTV : alk. paper) 1. Glaucoma. I. Morrison, John C., 1951 - II. Pollack, Irvin P. [DNLM: 1. Glaucoma. WW 290 G54935 2003] RE871 .G5437 2003 617.7'41--dc21 2002075001 Copyright © 2003 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to Photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publica- tion. However, in the view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher, of the work herein, or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, or publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the informa- tion contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or propri- etary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name with- out designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. Printed in Hong Kong 54321 TMP ISBN 0-86577-915-5 GTV ISBN 3 13 124671 5 MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page v To our wives, Lynne and Marlene And to our families MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 1:20 PM Page vi Contents Contributors . xi Preface . xv Section I. Epidemiology and Genetics of Glaucoma 1. Epidemiology of Glaucoma—Anne L. Coleman, M.D. 2 2. Glaucoma Genetics—Mary K. Wirtz, Ph.D. and John R. Samples, M.D. 12 Section II. Determinants of Intraocular Pressure 3. Anatomy and Physiology of Aqueous Humor Formation—John C. Morrison, M.D., Thomas F. Freddo, O.D., Ph.D., and Carol B. Toris, Ph.D. 24 4. Anatomy and Physiology of Aqueous Humor Outflow—John C. Morrison, M.D. and Ted S. Acott, Ph.D. 34 5. Gonioscopy—Julia Whiteside-Michel, M.D. 42 6. Intraocular Pressure and Tonometry—Henry Jampel, M.D. .57 7. Aqueous Humor Dynamics—Carol B. Toris, Ph.D. 70 Section III. The Optic Nerve 8. Anatomy and Physiology of the Optic Nerve—James E. Morgan, M.D., and John C. Morrison, M.D. 80 9. Clinical Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Head—Mamdouh Nakla, M.D. and Joseph Caprioli, M.D. 90 10. Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy—Mamdouh Nakla, M.D., Joseph Caprioli, M.D. and James A. Morgan, M.D. 94 11. Quantitative Imaging of the Optic Disc—Balwantray C. Chauhan, Ph.D. 106 12. Evaluating the Nerve Fiber Layer—Pait Teesalu, M.D., Ph.D., and P. Juhani Airaksinen, M.D., Ph.D. 114 13. Perimetry—Chris Johnson, Ph.D. 125 Section IV. The Glaucomas 14. Classification of Glaucoma—John C. Morrison, M.D., and Irvin P. Pollack, M.D. 150 15. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma—Monica Y. Allen, M.D., and Eve J. Higginbotham, M.D. 153 16. Angle-Closure Glaucoma—Irvin P. Pollack, M.D. and Jacob Wilensky, M.D. 163 17. Childhood Glaucoma—John R. Samples, M.D. 181 18. Steroid-Induced Glaucoma—Abbot F. Clark, Ph.D. and John C. Morrison, M.D. 197 19. Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma—Donald A. Abrams, M.D. 207 20. Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma—Douglas H. Johnson, M.D. 215 21. Neovascular Glaucoma—John C. Morrison, M.D. and Michael L. Klein, M.D. 226 22. Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome—Annapurna Singh, M.D. , and Jody R. Piltz-Seymour, M.D. 237 23. Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure and Glaucoma—Michael Passo, M.D. 243 24. Ocular Trauma, Hemorrhage, and Glaucoma—Scott Elliot LaBorwit, M.D. 250 25. Lens–Induced Glaucoma-F. Jane Durcan, M.D. 261 MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page vii CONTENTS • vii 26. Ocular Inflammation and Glaucoma—John C. Morrison, M.D., and James T. Rosenbaum, M.D. 274 27. Retinal Disorders and Glaucoma—Albert O. Edwards, M.D., Ph.D., and Yuri Ishihara, M.D. 291 28. Glaucoma After Anterior Segment Surgery—Martin B. Wax, M.D., and James Umlas, M.D. 305 29. Intraocular Tumors and Glaucoma—Christopher D. Pelzek, M.D., and Andrew P. Schachat, M.D. 321 30. Systemic Diseases and Glaucoma—Andreas Katsuya Lauer, M.D., and John C. Morrison, M.D. 334 Section V. Medical Therapy of Glaucoma 31. Principles of Ocular Medications—Reay H. Brown, M.D., and Gary D. Novack, Ph.D. 354 32. Adrenergic Agonists—Janet B. Serle, M.D., and Anthony C. Castelbuono, M.D. 363 33. Adrenergic Antagonists—Paul Rafuse, M.D., Ph. D., F.R.C.S.C. 374 34. Cholinergic Agents—Robert J. Derick, M.D. 383 35. Prostaglandin Analogs—David Lawlor, M.D., Carol B. Toris, Ph.D., and Carl B. Camras, M.D. 391 36. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors—Ivan Goldberg, M.D. 399 37. Hyperosmotic Agents—Janet B. Serle, M.D., John Danias, M.D., Ph.D., and Donna J. Gagliuso, M.D. 406 38. Neuroprotection—Elaine C. Johnson, Sc.D., and John C. Morrison, M.D. 412 Section VI. Laser Therapy of Glaucoma 39. Basics of Lasers—Douglas E. Gaasterland, M.D. 426 40. Laser Trabeculoplasty—Alan L. Robin, M.D., and Miray Hamparian, M.D. 430 41. Laser Iridotomy—Alan L. Robin, M.D., and Babak Eliassi-Rad, M.D. 439 42. Cyclodestruction—Irvin P. Pollack, M.D., and John S. Pollack, M.D. 446 Section VII. Surgical Therapy of Glaucoma 43. Filtration Surgery—Allan E. Kolker, M.D. 458 44. Cataract Surgery and Glaucoma—Kuldev Singh, M.D., Rommel Bautista, M.D., and Weldon W. Haw, M.D. 471 45. Aqueous Shunts—Paul A. Sidoti, M.D. 481 46. Ocular Hypotony—Mary G. Lynch, M.D., and Reay H. Brown, M.D. 498 Index . 509 MRSNFM-i-xiv 8/30/02 9:40 AM Page viii Foreword 1 Rapid advances in knowledge about glaucomatous dis- I have had the opportunity to review all chapters of eases make it more difficult for textbooks to keep up-to- Glaucoma: Science and Practice and found them to be up- date. The increasing degree of sub-specialization and to-date, stimulating and remarkably coherent. This is in developments in technology, basic research, pharmacol- no small part due to the excellent editorial work by Mor- ogy, and surgery, further add to the problems encountered rison and Pollock. They are to be congratulated for the by efforts made to produce a timely, coherent, and inclusive organization of subjects and the selection of experts for glaucoma textbook by one or two authors. Multi-authored each chapter, as well as the editing of the final product. texts, on the one hand, often sacrifice uniformity of style This single volume should prove most useful to the stu- and content and can introduce variations in quality as well dent, resident or fellow who want to acquire authorita- as unnecessary duplication. On the other hand, they can tive information about all aspects of the disease. It also provide the most timely expertise and stimulating contro- will appeal to the clinician and basic scientist, as well as versial points of view. Most important, the juxtaposition of stimulating the all-important potential clinician-scientist.
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