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Sun Eclipse Tour and Silk Road Highlights
Sun Eclipse Tour and Silk Road Highlights - Total Solar Eclipse of August 1st 2008 - Observe the sun eclipse in one of the world's three best viewing locations: Balikun - Travel along the Tianshan (Heavenly) Mountain Route of the Silk Road - Visit the major towns of Hami, Turpan and Urumqi - Stay overnight in a Kazak yurt and camp in the Kumutage (Kumtag) Desert - Explore ancient and non-touristy Uygur villages - Visit the Urumqi History Museum with mummies on display - Taste the local specialties of Xinjiang Province - Have a great adventure in this fascinating region with its deserts alpine lakes, snow mountains and glaciers China Sun Eclipse Tour 2008 TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE TOUR & SILK ROAD HIGHLIGHTS A total eclipse of the sun will be visible from within a narrow corridor that traverses half the earth on Friday, 1st August 2008, beginning in Canada and extending across northern Greenland, the Arctic, central Russia, Mongolia, and China. Do not miss out on this unforgettable travel experience! The viewing location will be far from the hustle and bustle of the big cities at one of the world's three best locations this year. This tour will lead you through Xinjiang Province - the ªWild Westº of China - and along the Northern Silk Road Route. Travel date: 29th July 2008 - 6th August 2008 . Destinations: Urumqi, Tianchi Lake, Balikun, Hami, Shanshan, Turpan . Duration: 9 days . Starting in: Beijing . Ending in: Beijing . Group size: min. 2 pax, max. 10 pax QUICK INTRODUCTION XINJIANG PROVINCE Lying in northwestern China, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, also called Xin for short, was referred to as the Western Region in ancient times. -
Technical Report
Establishing a WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System Regional Node for West Asia: Current Capabilities and Needs Technical Report For more information, please contact: World Meteorological Organization Research Department Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/wwrp_new_en.html WMO-No. 1121 Establishing a WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System Regional Node for West Asia: Current Capabilities and Needs Technical Report NOVEMBER 2013 Cover photogtraph:Soil Solutions Ltd. © United Nations Environment Programme, 2013 General disclaimers The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication are not the responsibility of the author, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations Environment Programme. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or the editors, nor are they an official record. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organizations. Technical content disclaimers While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct and properly referenced, UNEP does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. -
Tree Growth and Water-Use in Hyper-Arid Acacia Occurs During The
Oecologia https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4250-z PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY - ORIGINAL RESEARCH Tree growth and water‑use in hyper‑arid Acacia occurs during the hottest and driest season Gidon Winters1 · Dennis Otieno2 · Shabtai Cohen3 · Christina Bogner4 · Gideon Ragowloski1 · Indira Paudel5 · Tamir Klein5 Received: 10 April 2018 / Accepted: 13 August 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Drought-induced tree mortality has been recently increasing and is expected to increase further under warming climate. Conversely, tree species that survive under arid conditions might provide vital information on successful drought resistance strategies. Although Acacia (Vachellia) species dominate many of the globe’s deserts, little is known about their growth dynamics and water-use in situ. Stem diameter dynamics, leaf phenology, and sap fow were monitored during 3 consecutive years in fve Acacia raddiana trees and fve Acacia tortilis trees in the Arid Arava Valley, southern Israel (annual precipitation 20–70 mm, restricted to October–May). We hypothesized that stem growth and other tree activities are synchronized with, and limited to single rainfall or fashfood events. Unexpectedly, cambial growth of both Acacia species was arrested during the wet season, and occurred during most of the dry season, coinciding with maximum daily temperatures as high as 45 °C and vapor pressure defcit of up to 9 kPa. Summer growth was correlated with peak sap fow in June, with almost year-round activity and foliage cover. To the best of our knowledge, these are the harshest drought conditions ever documented permitting cambial growth. These fndings point to the possibility that summer cambial growth in Acacia under hyper-arid conditions relies on concurrent leaf gas exchange, which is in turn permitted by access to deep soil water. -
Characteristic Analysis of Sandstorms in Taklamakan Desert
ITM Web of Conferences 12, 04022 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/ itmconf/20171204022 ITA 2017 Characteristic Analysis of Sandstorms in Taklamakan Desert Teng-Ling LUO1,2,a, Wei-Ming ZHANG1,b, Qun-Bo HUANG1,2,c, Yi YU1,2, De XING1,2,d, and Xiang XING1,2,d 1Academy of Ocean Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China 2College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China [email protected] Abstract: Firstly, the annual variation of sandstorm and strong sandstorm weather process in China from 2000 to 2012 is analyzed according to the"Sand-Dust Weather Yearbook" (2012). Secondly, based on the ERA-Interim Reanalysis from ECMWF and MISR data from the Terra satellite, we investigate the correlation between different dust weather process and land meteorological elements. Finally, the temporal and spatial distribution features of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the Taklamakan Desert is studied. And we compare the Taklamakan Desert AOD with nationwide AOD. The results show that: (1) the frequency of sandstorm and strong sandstorm has shown a downward trend and the occurrence of sandstorm decreases more in recent years. (2) In the Taklamakan Desert, the number of sandstorm is positively correlated with the surface temperature, meanwhile, negatively related to the surface relative humidity. (3) In all seasons, the average of AOD in Taklamakan Desert is higher than that of the whole country, and there are obvious differences among the four seasons. 1 Introduction climate model to predict the abnormal climate and sandstorm 8. Sandstorm is a weather phenomenon that strong wind Since the occurrence of sandstorm is directly affected blows dust on the ground, making the air turbid and by the surface meteorological elements, it is essential to causing the level of visibility less than 1km 1. -
Episodic Dust Events of Utah's Wasatch Front and Adjoining Region
1654 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY VOLUME 51 Episodic Dust Events of Utah’s Wasatch Front and Adjoining Region W. JAMES STEENBURGH AND JEFFREY D. MASSEY Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah THOMAS H. PAINTER Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California (Manuscript received 4 January 2012, in final form 4 April 2012) ABSTRACT Episodic dust events cause hazardous air quality along Utah’s Wasatch Front and dust loading of the snowpack in the adjacent Wasatch Mountains. This paper presents a climatology of episodic dust events of the Wasatch Front and adjoining region that is based on surface weather observations from the Salt Lake City International Airport (KSLC), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imag- ery, and additional meteorological datasets. Dust events at KSLC—defined as any day [mountain standard time (MST)] with at least one report of a dust storm, blowing dust, and/or dust in suspension with a visi- bility of 10 km or less—average 4.3 per water year (WY: October–September), with considerable in- terannual variability and a general decline in frequency during the 1930–2010 observational record. The distributions of monthly dust-event frequency and total dust flux are bimodal, with primary and secondary maxima in April and September, respectively. Dust reports are most common in the late afternoon and evening. An analysis of the 33 most recent (2001–10 WY) events at KSLC indicates that 11 were associated with airmass convection, 16 were associated with a cold front or baroclinic trough entering Utah from the west or northwest, 4 were associated with a stationaryorslowlymovingfrontorbaroclinictroughwestof Utah, and 2 were associated with other synoptic patterns. -
An American Haboob U.S
S. B. Idso, R. S. Ingram, and J. M. Pritchard an american haboob U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory and National Weather Service, Phoenix, Ariz. 85040 1. Introduction by thunder and/or rain after a time interval varying up One of the world's most awesome displays of blowing to 2 hr. dust and sand is the legendary "haboob" of Khartoum in Satellite photographs have shown that the squall line the Sudan. Raised by strong winds often generated storms that develop south and east of Tucson appear by the outflow of rain-cooled air from a cumulonimbus to originate from large dense masses of clouds over the cloud, the leading edges of these storms take on the Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Sonora, Mexico. appearance of "solid walls" of dust that conform to These cloud masses over Sonora seem to form some the shape of a density current head and rise on the days rather explosively in the deep semi-tropical air average to between 1000 and 2000 meters (Sutton, 1925; mass. During this season of the year, the Bermuda High Lawson, 1971). The average speed of advance of the often extends westward into eastern Arizona, and during Khartoum haboobs is 32 mph, with the greatest speed the afternoon some of the Mexican activity has been seen being about 45 mph (Sutton, 1925). Maximum duration to move northwestward, steered by variations in the approaches 6-1/2 hr with a peak between 30 min and easterly flow (possibly easterly waves) on the bottom side one hour, the average duration being about 3 hr (Free- of the lobe of the Bermuda High. -
Warning Uses Definition of Terms
Warning Uses Convective Weather Flooding Winter Weather Non-Precipitation Tornado Watch Flash Flood Watch Blizzard Warning Tornado Warning Flash Flood Warning Winter Storm Watch Severe Thunderstorm Watch Flood Watch Winter Storm Warning High Wind Warning Severe Thunderstorm Warning Flood Warning Snow Advisory Small Stream Flood Freezing Rain Advisory High Wind Advisory Advisory Ice Storm Warning Winter Weather Advisory Definition of Terms Term Definition Winter Weather There is a good chance of a major winter storm developing in the next several days. Outlook Winter Storm Watch There is a greater than 50% chance of a major winter storm in the next several days Winter Storm Any combination of winter weather including snow, sleet, or blowing snow. The Warning snow amount must meet a minimum accumulation amount which varies by location. Blizzard Warning Falling and/or blowing snow frequently reducing visibility to less than 1/4 mile AND sustained winds or frequent gusts greater than 35 mph will last for at least 3 hours. Ice Storm Warning Freezing rain/drizzle is occurring with a significant accumulation of ice (more than 1/4 inch) or accumulation of 1/2 inch of sleet. Wind Chill Warning Wind chill temperature less than or equal to -20 and wind greater than or equal to 10 mph. Winter Weather Any combination of winter weather such as snow, blowing snow, sleet, etc. where Advisory the snow amount is a hazard but does not meet Winter Storm Warning criteria above. Freezing Light freezing rain or drizzle with little accumulation. Rain/Drizzle Advisory . -
National Weather Service Reference Guide
National Weather Service Reference Guide Purpose of this Document he National Weather Service (NWS) provides many products and services which can be T used by other governmental agencies, Tribal Nations, the private sector, the public and the global community. The data and services provided by the NWS are designed to fulfill us- ers’ needs and provide valuable information in the areas of weather, hydrology and climate. In addition, the NWS has numerous partnerships with private and other government entities. These partnerships help facilitate the mission of the NWS, which is to protect life and prop- erty and enhance the national economy. This document is intended to serve as a reference guide and information manual of the products and services provided by the NWS on a na- tional basis. Editor’s note: Throughout this document, the term ―county‖ will be used to represent counties, parishes, and boroughs. Similarly, ―county warning area‖ will be used to represent the area of responsibility of all of- fices. The local forecast office at Buffalo, New York, January, 1899. The local National Weather Service Office in Tallahassee, FL, present day. 2 Table of Contents Click on description to go directly to the page. 1. What is the National Weather Service?…………………….………………………. 5 Mission Statement 6 Organizational Structure 7 County Warning Areas 8 Weather Forecast Office Staff 10 River Forecast Center Staff 13 NWS Directive System 14 2. Non-Routine Products and Services (watch/warning/advisory descriptions)..…….. 15 Convective Weather 16 Tropical Weather 17 Winter Weather 18 Hydrology 19 Coastal Flood 20 Marine Weather 21 Non-Precipitation 23 Fire Weather 24 Other 25 Statements 25 Other Non-Routine Products 26 Extreme Weather Wording 27 Verification and Performance Goals 28 Impact-Based Decision Support Services 30 Requesting a Spot Fire Weather Forecast 33 Hazardous Materials Emergency Support 34 Interactive Warning Team 37 HazCollect 38 Damage Surveys 40 Storm Data 44 Information Requests 46 3. -
DUST DEVIL METEOROLOGY Jack R
NOAA~NWS /1(}q, 3~;).. ~ . NOAA Technicai ·Memoran_dlim Nws·CR-42 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminlstretian National Weather Service DUST 1DEV-IL... ,. METEOROLOGY.. .. ... .... - 1!. Jack ,R. .Cooley \ i ,. CiHTRAL REGION Kansas City.. Mo. () U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NOAA Technical Memoran:l.um NWS CR-42 Il.JST DEVIL METEOROLOGY Jack R. Cooley CENTRAL REJJION KANSAS CITY, MISSOORI May 1971 CONTENTS () l. Page No. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Some Early Accounts of Dust Devils 1 1.2 Definition 2 1.3 The Atmospheric Circulation Family 2 1.4 Other Similar Small-Scale Circulations 2 1.41 Small Waterspouts 3 l. 42 Whirlies 3 1.43 Fire 1-!hirhdnds 3 1.44 Whirlwinds Associated With Cold Fronts 4 l. 5 Damage Caused by Dust Devils 4 1.51 Dust DeVils Vs. Aircraft Safety 5 2. FORMATION 5 2.1 Optimum Locations (Macro and Micro) 5 2.2 Optimum Time of Occurrence (During Day and Year) 6 2.3 Conditions Favoring Dust Devil Formation 7 2.31 Factors Favoring Steep Lapse Rates Near the Ground 7 A. Large Incident Solar Radiation Angles 7 B. Minimum Cloudiness 7 C. Lmr Humidity 8 D. Dry Barren Soil 8 E. Surface Winds Below a Critical Value 9 2.32 Potential Lapse Rates Near the Ground 9 2.33 Favorable Air Flow 12 2 ,34 Abundant Surface Material 12 2.35 Level Terrain 13 2.4 Triggering Devices 13 2.5 Size and Shape 14. 2.6 Dust Size·and Distribution 14 2.7 Duration 15 2.8 Direction of Rotation 16 2.9 Lateral Speed and Direction of Movement 17 3. -
Open-Surface Water Bodies Dynamics Analysis in the Tarim River Basin (North-Western China), Based on Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform
water Article Open-Surface Water Bodies Dynamics Analysis in the Tarim River Basin (North-Western China), Based on Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform Jiahao Chen 1,2 , Tingting Kang 1,2, Shuai Yang 1,2, Jingyi Bu 1,2 , Kexin Cao 1,2 and Yanchun Gao 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (K.C.) 2 College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6488-8991 Received: 6 July 2020; Accepted: 6 October 2020; Published: 11 October 2020 Abstract: The Tarim River Basin (TRB), located in an arid region, is facing the challenge of increasing water pressure and uncertain impacts of climate change. Many water body identification methods have achieved good results in different application scenarios, but only a few for arid areas. An arid region water detection rule (ARWDR) was proposed by combining vegetation index and water index. Taking computing advantages of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, 56,284 Landsat 5/7/8 optical images in the TRB were used to detect open-surface water bodies and generated a 30-m annual water frequency map from 1992 to 2019. The interannual changes and trends of the water body area were analyzed and the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on open-surface water body area dynamics were examined. -
Atmospheric and Climatic Implications of Aeolian Salts from the Sandy Deserts in NW China
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Solid Earth Discuss., 7, 3409–3440, 2015 www.solid-earth-discuss.net/7/3409/2015/ doi:10.5194/sed-7-3409-2015 SED © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 7, 3409–3440, 2015 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Solid Earth (SE). Atmospheric and Please refer to the corresponding final paper in SE if available. climatic implications of aeolian salts from Atmospheric significance of aeolian salts the sandy deserts in NW China in the sandy deserts of northwestern B.-Q. Zhu China B.-Q. Zhu Title Page Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Abstract Introduction Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Conclusions References China Tables Figures Received: 7 November 2015 – Accepted: 17 November 2015 – Published: 3 December 2015 Correspondence to: B.-Q. Zhu ([email protected]) J I Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J I Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 3409 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract SED Large sandy deserts in the middle latitudes of northwestern China were investigated for soluble salt variations in modern and ancient aeolian sediments, aiming to explore the 7, 3409–3440, 2015 environmental significance of “aeolian salts”. Results revealed that aeolian salt vari- 5 ations have a clear relationship with the changing meridional and zonal gradients of Atmospheric and the desert locations and the aeolian differentiation effect, but are weakly linked to local climatic implications geological conditions. -
Programming NOAA Weather Radio
Why Do I Need a NOAA Weather Radio? ⦿ NOAA Weather Radio is an "All Hazards" radio network, making it your single source for comprehensive weather and emergency information. ⦿ One of the quickest and most reliable way to get life saving weather and emergency alerts from government and public safety officials. ⦿ NWR is provided as a public service by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), part of the Department of Commerce. What Features Do Weather Radios Have? ⦿ Tone alarm ⦿ S.A.M.E. Technology ⦿ Selectable alerting of events ⦿ Battery backup ● In the event of a power outage the radio will still work with the batteries ⦿ External antenna jack ⦿ Can be hooked up to attention getting devices ● Strobe lights, pagers, bed shakers, computers, text printers Where Should They Be Kept? ⦿ Near a window in a home or office. ● Receive better reception ⦿ It is a good idea to keep one with sports equipment for emergency alerts. ⦿ Everyone should take one with them while outdoors (boating, camping) or traveling. Getting to Know Your NWR 3 4 1. Programming Buttons 2 2. Select 2 5 3. Menu 1 1 4. Warning Light-Red 6 5. Watch Light- Orange 6. Advisory Light- Yellow 7 7. Weather Radio On/Off Switch 8 8. Volume Up/Down 9 9. Weather/Snooze Button Getting to Know Your NWR: Display Icons 1. Low Battery 3 4 5 Indicator 2 6 1 7 2. Menu Indicator 3. Weather Radio On Indicator 4. Warning Tone Alert 5. Voice Alert 6. Clock Alarm 7. Volume Level Bars 8 8. Alphanumeric Starting Your NWR 1.