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Biosystematics of the Genus Merobruchus of Continental North America and the West Indies (Coleóptera: Bruchidae)

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Biosystematics of the Genus Merobruchus of Continental North America and the West Indies (Coleóptera: Bruchidae) '^^. United States |L|cJ|i Department of ^%^ Agriculture Biosystematics of the Agricultural Research Service Genus Merobruchus Technical Bulletin Number 1744 of Continental North America and the West Indies (Coleóptera: Bruchidae) Abstract Kingsolver, John M. 1988. Biosystematics of the genus Merobruchus of continental North America and the West Indies (Coleóptera: Bruchidae). U.S. Department of Agri- culture, Technical Bulletin No. 1744, 63 pp. A diagnosis of the genus Merobruchus is presented, includ- ing a key to species, synonymical names, geographical dis- tribution, and host plant associations detailed for the 22 species now assigned to this genus for the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. The follow- ing seven of these species are new to science: chetumalae, cristoensis, iysilomae, politus, porphyreus, triacanthus, and xanthopygus. Pseudopachymerus steinbachi Pic is a NEW SYNONYM of Merobruchus pickeli (Pic) (NEW COMBINA- TION), and Pachymerus subuniformis Pic is a NEW SYN- ONYM of Merobruchus bicoloripes (Pic). Bruchus flexicaulis Schaeffer is shown to be an available name and is provi- sionally synonymized with Merobruchus major (Fall) (NEW SYNONYMY). Bruchus limpidus Sharp is synonymized with Merobruchus placidus (Horn) (NEW SYNONYMY). Illustra- tions of salient characters are provided for each species. All known host associations are with seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae, mostly in the genera Acacia, Lysiloma, and Pithecellobium. None of the species affect major agricultural crops, but they reduce the potential for regeneration of trees used for fuel, furni- ture, vegetable gums, tanbark, honey sources, and orna- mental plantings. This is part of a series of studies on bruchid genera contrib- uting to a comprehensive database for this important seed- feeding beetle family of North America. It provides scientific names for taxonomists and ecologists conducting studies in rangeland, pasture, and forest management in the South- western United States, Mexico, and Central America. KEYWORDS: Acacia, Albizia, Enterolobium, Leguminosae, Leucaena, Lysiloma, Merobruchus, Mimosoideae, Pithecello- bium, seed beetles. Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield. VA 22161. ARS has no additional copies for free distribution. Issued December 1988 United States Department of Agriculture Biosystematics of the Agricultural Research Genus Merobruchus Service Technical of Continental North Bulletin Nunnber 1744 America and the West indies (Ckileoptera: Bruchidae) By John M. Kingsolver Acknowledgments Contents I thank the following individuals and institutions for loans of Materials and methods, 1 specimens used in this study: Annerican Museum of Natu- History of the genus, 2 ral History, New York; Blatchley Collection, Purdue Univer- Host plants, 3 sity, W. Lafayette, Indiana; British Museum (Natural His- Genus Merobruchus Bridwell, 4 tory), London; California Academy of Sciences, San Relationships of Merobruchus to other genera, 4 Francisco; California Insect Survey, Berkeley; Canadian Na- Key to species of Merobruchus, 5 tional Collection, Ottawa, Ontario; Chamela Biological Re- Major group, 7 serve, Jalisco, Mexico; Florida Department of Agriculture, major (Fall), 7 Gainesville; H.F and AT. Howden, Ottawa, Ontario, Can- Columbinus group, 9 ada; D.H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; columbinus (Sharp), 9 CD. Johnson, Flagstaff, Arizona; Louisiana State Univer- Julianus group, 11 sity, Baton Rouge; M.V. Mâcedo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Mu- julianus (Horn), 11 seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; triacanthus, new species, 12 Museum G. Frey, Tutzing, W. Germany; Muséum National politus, new species, 13 Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; National Museum of Natu- Vacillator group, 15 ral History, Washington, DC; Natural History Museum of Los vac/V/afor (Sharp), 15 Angeles County, California; Ohio State University, Colum- porphyreus, new species, 15 bus; Snow Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence; R. cristoensis, new species, 16 Turnbow, Ft. Rucker, Alabama; and J. Wappes, Chadds lineaticollis (Sharp), 17 Ford, Pennsylvania. /cní7///(White), 18 xanthopygus, new species, 19 Special thanks to CD. Johnson and D.H. Janzen for the Terani group, 20 many host records from field-collected and reared speci- terani Kingsolver, 20 mens. My appreciation to C Feller and L.H. Lawrence, Sys- Insolitus group, 21 tematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Serv- Insolitus subgroup, 21 ice, for the many excellent habitus illustrations. insolitus (Sharp), 21 hastatus Kingsolver, 23 paquetae Kingsolver, 23 Sonorensis subgroup, 24 sonorensis Kingsolver, 24 santarosae Kingsolver, 24 iysiiomae, new species, 25 chetumalae, new species, 26 Placidus subgroup, 27 placidus (Horn), 27 solitarius (Sharp), 28 Boucheri subgroup, 29 boucheri Kingsolver, 29 Literature cited, 30 Appendix 1. Morphological terms, 33 Appendix 2. Synonymical list of Merobruchus species, 34 Appendix 3. Merobruchus species and associated host plants, 35 Appendix 4. Host plants attacked by Merobruchus species, 36 Trade names are used in this publication solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or war- ranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agri- culture or an endorsement by the Department over other products not mentioned. Biosystematics of the Genus Merobruchus Materials and Methods of Continental North America and the West Indies (Coleóptera: Bruchidae) John M. Kingsolver During the 1970's and 1980's, nearly all the 27 Bruchidae Approximately 6,000 specimens were examined during this genera now known from continental North America and the study. Many were without host associations, but most of the West Indies have been monographed or revised, so that specimens provided by CD. Johnson and D.H. Janzen this fauna is now one of the most thoroughly documented were reared from seed pods collected in the field. in the world. It would be imprudent, however, to infer that all the Bruchidae species in this area are well known or Since male genitalia provide a major source of distinguish- even that all of them are described. The rich leguminous ing characters for species, careful preparation is necessary. flora in the subtropical and tropical regions is still poorly The following procedure should produce satisfactory sampled despite the years of extensive collecting and rear- results. Relax the specimen thoroughly either by soaking in ing by workers such as CD. Johnson in Mexico and Central hot water or alcohol or by using a relaxing chamber. Hold America and D.H. Janzen in Costa Rica. A taxonomic base the specimen between thumb and forefinger, and gently lift is being established, however, for subsequent workers to the apex of the pygidium with fine forceps. Sever the dorsal build upon. Generic limits are rather nebulous in several and ventral membranes surrounding the genital apparatus, sections of the family, and although additional species un- and remove the parts from the body. The eighth tergum and doubtedly await discovery, most of the known species now the Y-shaped eighth sternum are usually extracted with the have been well characterized. This study and one in median and lateral lobes. Extracted genitalia are cleared of progress will complement already published monographs tissue by treatment in 10 percent sodium hydroxide solution and revisions to provide workers with means of identifying and subsequently washed in acidified ethanol. Muscle fi- most of the bruchids attacking the seeds of desert, range- bers are then gently pressed out of the genitalia by using land, and pasture plants of North America and the Carib- blunt forceps or probes. The parts can be mounted in glyc- bean area. erin on slides for examination and illustration. Permanent storage is in glycerin in microvials attached to the specimen Larvae of Merobruchus species develop in the seeds of le- pin. guminous trees and shrubs that are characteristic of the more xeric areas of the tropical and subtropical regions. For each species, the following illustrations are given: Ha- Adults feed on nectar and pollen of available flowers. Host bitus, pygidium, median and lateral lobes of the male geni- plant genera include Acacia, Albizia, Leucaena, Lysiloma, talia, hindleg, and for some species the antenna. A few and Pithecellobium north of Panama and Pitheceííobium, species are further illustrated by drawings or photographs Pseudosamanea, and Enterolobium south of Panama; the of the head, female fifth sternum, and other isolated last genus is a host for Merobruchus bicoloripes (Pic). Al- characters. though members of this genus are not of primary economic significance to man and his activities, they do affect the Several techniques were used for the illustrations. Habitus potential regeneration of trees and shrubs that locally pro- and pygidial drawings are on coquille board with either ne- vide fuel, wood for furniture, vegetable gums, and tanbark. gro or carbon pencils; line drawings were made on bristol Several of the plants are used in ornamental plantings, and board using a microprojector; photographs were taken with a number of the shrubby species are good honey plants. either a Wild M-400 Photomakroscop or a scanning elec- tron microscope. Descriptions vary in their extent. Species previously but in- adequately characterized are fully described as though they were
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