ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS For the fiscal year ending June 30

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS / WASHINGTON / 1971 L.C. Card No. 10-35017

This report is reprinted from the Annd Report of the Libmrirrn of Congress, for the f~calyear ending June 30, 1970 Contents

The Copyright Office ...... 1 General Revision of the Copyright Law ...... 1 The Year's Copyright Business ...... 3 Official Publications ...... 4 Copyright Contributions to the Library Collections ...... 4 Administrative Developments ...... 5 Legislative Developments ...... 5 Judicial Developments ...... 6 Subject Matter and Scope of Copyright Protection ...... 7 Notice of Copyright ...... 8 Ownership and Transfer of Rights ...... 9 Infringement and Remedies ...... 10 Unfair Competition and Other Theories of Protection ...... 11 International Copyright Developments ...... 12

Tables:

International Copyright Relations of the United Statesas ofOctober 10. 1970 ...... 14 Total Registration. 1790-1970 ...... 16 Renewal Registrations by Subject Matter. Calendar Years 1909-1969 ...... 19 Registrations by Subject Matter Classes. Fiscal Years 1966-70 ...... 20 Number of Articles Deposited. Fiscal Years 1966-70 ...... 21 Number of Articles Transferred to Other Departments of the Iibrary of Congress ...... 21 Gross Cash Receipts. Fees. and Registrations. Fiscal Years 1966-70 ...... 22 Summary of Copyright Business ...... 22 Publications of the Copyright Office ...... 25 "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts . . . ." Report to the Librarian of Congress

THE COPYRIGHT OFFICE

COPYRIGHT functions were cen- period have been made the repository of all American tered in the Library of Congress on July 8,1870, publications protected by the law of copyrmt, must by the "Act to revise, consolidate, and amend 'emain a sourcc of regret to the public. A part of the the Statutes relating to Patents and CopyA-@ts." resulting loss will be supplied by the incorporation with The centennial of this momentous action was the Library of the entire sene of copyright books under laws Department, formally observed at a reception on July 8,1970, deposited former at the State and aftcmmd at the Department of the Interior. These in the Great Hall of the Library. The reception publications arc now being removed to the Capitol, marked the opening of a special exhibit portray- under the law of the last session, aad may be expected ing significant events in the development of the to add fully twenty-five thousand volumes to this copyright system during the past hundred years. Library. Tables at the end of this chapter tell the story of the growth of the copyright system since the During the last fiscal year alone, 505,995 first Federal copyright law of 1790. That law items, including 174319 books, were deposited provided for copyright deposit in the district for copyright registration; 300,618 items wre courts, thus dispersing copyright records to 40 or made available to the Library for its.collectiom. 50 different locations. Later laws provided for deposit at the Smithsonian Institution, the Genaal Revision of the Copyright Law Department of State, and the Patent Office in the Department of the Interior. Gathering into In this 15th year since the inauguration of the the Library of Congress all the old records, from program for general revision of the copyright those sources and from the various State regis- law, hope sprang anew when, on December 10, tries, made possible a central bibliography of the 1969, the Subcommittee on Patents, Trade- Nation. The copyright deposit system, through marks, and Copyrights of the Senate Judiciary the ensuing years, not only has enhanced the col- Committee approved the comprehensive revision lections of the Library but has also ~crmitted bill, S. 543, with a number of amendments made greater access to timeless literary and artistic by the subcommittee. And on December 16, treasures and their better control. 1969, in anticipation of enactment of the revi- In his annual report for the year ending sion bill during 1970, Public Law 91-147 was December 1, 1870, Ainsworth R. Spofford, who enacted, extending until December 3 1,1970, all was then the Librarian of Congress and the prin- renewal copyrights that would otheiwise expire cipal advocate of centralization of copyright before that date. deposits, wrote: But once again, hope dissolved into disappoint- That the only library in the United States which ment during the second session of the 9 1st Con- possesses a national character should not at an earlier gress as it became evident that there would be no REPORT OF THE REGISlZR OF COPYRIGHTS, 1970

resolution of the tangled issue of cable television its desire that the copyright revision bill do noth- (CATV), which has recently been the main set- ing more than provide for a compulsory license back to general revision. On August 17, 1970, and fm the license fees including the method of after the close of the fiscal year, Senator John L. their collection and distniution, leaving to FCC McCleUan, chairman of the subcommittee, regulations the determination of which broadcast announced that no further action on the bill signals should be carried by cable systems under would be taken in the Senate during the current the compulsory license and the conditions and session. limitations on such carriage. At the same time, The revision bill as approved by the Senate the Commission proposed separate legislation, subcommittee on December 10, 1969, made a introduced by Senator John 0. Partore on number of amendments to S. 543 as it had been requat on March 23, 1970, as S. 3635, which introduced on January 22, 1969, in the early would authorize the Co- in broad terms days of the 91st Congress. Among the several to regulate cable (community antenna) system. major changes was a completely rewritten section On June 24, 1970, the FCC adopted a set of 111 dealing with secondary transmissions by proposed rule8 on the carriage of broadcast sig- cable television of broadcasts of copyright mate- nals by cable systems (35 Fed. Reg. 11045). Its rial. Some of the major changes were provisions proposals, which differ in several material re- requiring payment of royalty fees for uoe of spects from the provisions in section 111 of S. copyrighted sound recordiw in broadcasts and 543, were held open for comments until Novem- other public performances, the fees to be divided ber 23, 1970. The Commission stated that its between the record producers and the per- proposed rules would not become effective until formers; provisions for photocopying by Congress had enacted lefjlllation to provide for liirarim, supplementing the general stipulations payments to copyright owners. on fair use; a chapter providing for a tribunal, to Senator McClellan on August 17, 1970, be appointed as needed, for the two purposes of announced that the subcommittee would not reviewing periodically the various compulsory seek further action on S. 543 in the Senate dur- license rate8 fmed in the bill and of determining ing the current don. In the statement quoted the distribution of royalty fees paid for compul- in the Coqp?ssionalRecord, he said: sory licenses, when claims are in dispute; and the addition, as a separate title 111, of the text of the Acoo~y,it is anticipated that by the time the 926 conge^ convenm the FCCwill hr*c promubted the bill previously passed by the Senate for the pro- arriyofbradartsig- tection of ornamental designs of useful articles. mcaw8ry nrlesmhting totha nab by abb Iyrtrmc and 8suxbtsd mattar. Thh On the crucial hueof cable television, the new huld faditate duby the next Congsa on the section 111 provided basically for a compulsory clrn pravido- of the CO-t bill. license permitting cable television systems to carry the signals of all local broadcast stations He added that he intended to introduce a succes- and a specified number, varying in different cir- sor to the revision bill in the next Congress and cumstances, of distant broadcast stations. The hoped that its consideration could "resume in application of the license to distant stations the Committee on the Judiciary at the point would be subject to certain limitations, designed where proceedings are now being suspended." to preserve, to a stated extent, the exclusive On the same day, in conjunction with this rights of local broadcasters in particular prognuns statement, Senator McClellan introduced for and to maintain the blackouts imposed on local himself and the other four members of the sub- televising of professional sports event9. For the committee, S. J. Res. 230, extending until compulsory license, the cable system would pay a December 31, 1971, all renewal copy@& that total fee under a schedule of rates based on speci- would otherwire expire before that date. This fied percentages of its revenue from subscribers. joint resolution was passed immediately by the In commenting on the new section 1 11, the Senate. Its effect, together with the five earlier Federal Communications Commission expressed extensions of a similar character, would be to REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS, 1970 3 continue until December 3 1, 1971, all renewal authors manufactured and fitpublished abroad, copyrights in which the total term of 56 years the increase was 5.9 percent. Only 2.8 percent of would have expired between September 19, the applications received were rejected. Approxi- 1962, and December 31,1971. mat ely 12 percent required correspondence before favorabk action could be taken. Renewal +rations were down 10 percent The Year's Copyright BUBMSS from the previous year, reflecting the decrease in original registrations in 194243. Analysis of the For the second time in the history of the table at the end of this chapter, listing renewal Copyright Office, gross receipts went over the $2 registrations by subject matter for the years million mark. With the year's receipts of 190949, indicates that 53 percent of all renewals $2,049,309 added to the balance on hand July 1, were for music. Only 22 percent were for books, 1969, the total came to $2,552,406- Of this 15 percent for periodicals, 3 percent each for amount $78,249 was refunded and $2,857 was lectures and dramas and for motion pictures, and returned in the form of uncdlectible checks. 2 percent each for map and graphic arts. Registrations increased 5 percent to an alltime As usual, son@ and other works submitted for high of 316,466. Fees earned totaled registration reflected the news and moods oT the $1,956,441. Articles deposited for registration time. There were scores of tributes to fonner numbered 505,995 compared to 476,010 last President Kennedy, his brother Robert, and Mar- year. Registrations rose in all classes except maps tin Luther King. There were songs about ecology, and motion pictures. The largest increase--6.4 hijacking, miniskirts, the civil rights movement, percent-was for music, followed by 5.8 percent "the silent majority," heart transplants, Wood- for books and 3.9 percent for periodicals. The stock, and the hippies. Vietnam was, of course, a number of assignments and related documents favorite topic. The moonshot, space, and the recorded was slightly under the figure for fmal astronauts probably inspired more writing during 1969. Registrations for U.S. works rose 5 per- the year than any other topics. cent; for foreign works, including books by U.S. It is estimated that the current Copyright Card

Total Registrations, 1870-1970 4 REPORT OF THE RECI!XER OF mPYRIGHTS. 1970

Catalog (from 1955) now contains 12 million copyright and related subjects in the field of cards. Over 694,600 were added to the file dur- intellectual property that were reported during ing the fiscal year. The total number of cards the years 1967 and 1968. The Cumulotiue Index prepared by the Cataloging Division of the Copy- covering cases reported from 1909 through 1954 right Office for this catalog during the fiscal year was reprinted in fiscal 1970. was 707,114. Cards sent to divisions of the The popular pamphlet edition of the copyright Library totaled 72,530. Sales of 244,737 cards to law (Title 17 of the U.S. Code) came out in a subscribers returned $9,144 to the U.S. Treasury. 1969 edition containing not only the statute and Letters to the Copyright Office requesting the Regulations of the Copyright Office but also information increased 13 percent. The number of such useful supplementary matter as the text of visitors to the public information office de- the Universal Copyright Convention and the creased by 17 peroent, a drop presumably caused Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States by the relocation of the Office outside of Wash- for practice and procedure in copyright actions. ington. Telephone calls rose 7 percent, and long As is customary, the Register's annual report distance calls have more than doubled since for the past fiscal year was reprinted from the 1966. Annual Report of the Librmirrn of Congress and The number of hours of paid reference search published in pamphlet form. work at $5 an hour continued to rise drama- Under the sponsorship of the Copyright Soci- tically, this year by 9 percent. It is worthy of ety of the U.S.A., a 10-page brochure entitled A note, however, that the total number of titles Century of Copyright in the Libwy of Congress searched, 164,465, was approximately the same was prepared and published in connection with as in fiscal 1969. This apparent discrepancy can the centennial. The brochure featured a story on undoubtedly be attributed to the growth of the the part played by Ainsworth Spofford, sixth Copyright Card Catalog and to the distances Librarian of Congress, in the centralization of between the vast and complex network of files to copyright in the Library and described the be searched. Reprint houses and publishers of exhibit. microreproductions continued to be the domi- The Copyright Office maintains a battery of nant users of this service. information circulars as an indispensable aid in Tables detailing comparative statistics for fiscal answering inquiries. About 25 of them were year 1970 and previous years appear at the end revised and reprinted during the year, many of this chapter. being renumbered in the process. These circulars range in subject matter from the functions of the Copyright Office to how to copyright a contribu- OffiiPublications tion to a periodical.

The copyright law requires the Register of Copyrights "to print at periodic intervals a cata- Copyright Contributions to the log of titles of articles deposited and registered Library Collections for copyright, together with suitable indexes." Fifteen regular issues of the GztaJog of Copyright Mention has already been made of the contri- Entries were published in fwal 1970; 10 others bution that the 100-yeardld copyright deposit were compiled. system has made to the collections of the Library This was the year foi publication of the bien- of Congress. In fiscal year 1970 the Copyright nial edition of Decisions of the United States Office transferred 300,618 deposits to the Courts Involving Copyright, authorized in the Exchange and Gift Division for disposition or for appropriation for the Copyright Office. The 20th adding to the collections of the Library of Con- volume in this series, Copyright Offie Bulletin gress, 7,222 items more than during fiscal 1969, No. 36, was published in April 1970. It contains but 1 1,017 less than the previous year. The trans- substantially all Federal and State cases involving fers included valuable current books and cyclope- REPOaT OF THE REISTER OF COPYRK;HTS, 1970 5

dic works, virtually all newspapers and magazines Congress in 1968 to microfilm for security pw- received, musical scores, maps and globes, fine poses the primary copyright records from 1870 prints and art reproductions, and motion picture to 1967 pr-d slowly in its second year, films. At the request of the Manuscript Division, meeting many problems along the way. However, three special transfers were made of dramas of the copyright card applications, 1J18,600 in written by famous dramatists and registered alI classes from 1938 through 1946 were pre- many years ago. pared for filming, and 1,441,335 cards were The Compliance Section was effective in filmed by the Liirary's Photoduplication Service. obtaining 16,231 registrations, 1,860 at the In addition, 1,181,000 bound applications were instance of the Order Division; 30 were for CINE Elmed and 681,000 of those exposures reviewed (Council on International Nontheatrical Events) and corrections noted. Film Festival motion pictures. In addition, 21 In the Examining Divisionclassification actions gift copies of festival films were received for the dtedin a graded structure for the professional Library's collections. Material received through prsonnel and a promotional ladder for the ckri- compliance activities during the year is valued at cal staff that included a newly created position an estimated $804,790. of technician. These developments, it is hoped, will provide career incentive and cut staff loss. The new legal reiearch section went into full Administrative Developments operation during the year and produced a sub- stantial volume of valuable material on both Staff loss was a major problem in administering domestic and international legal questions. the Copyright Office and handling the increasing Because the statute fmes phse time limits for volume of work. That record numbers of claims, renewal and ad interim registrations, the mail deposits, inquiries, and requests for other senrices strike that gripped various parts of the country in were processed is a tniute to a diminished but March raised the fear in the Copyright 0- dedicated staff. The Service Division, for exam- that the delivery of mailed applications for such ple, lost 41 employees in fiscal 1970. Many Staff registrations might be delayed beyond their due members found the transportation and parking date. Fortunately, the strike was short and there problems created by the new location insur- are no known cases in which copyright was lost mountable or too costly. With the loss in staff, because of it. backlogs developed, which only increased the The strike did serve to make the Copyright burdens of correspondence.- and phone calls about Office aware of the advisability of establishing a delays. procedure for making renewal applications by Automation may eventually help to ease the other means should events arise that might delay situation. Plans are progressing in this area, but delivery of mailed applications. Accordingly, on during the time necess&y to develop workable March 27, 1970, a new subsection(c) was added systems, intellectual production is unceasing. The to section 202.17 of the Regulations of the knowledge explosion more than keeps pace with Copyright Offrce. It provides for making renewal the population explosion. An experkt still in applications "by means of a telephone call, 3ele- the planning stage and familiarly called DAMP, gram, or other method of telecommunication" the acronym for Deposit Account Machine when mail delivery might be too late. Posting, is under way with the cooperation of the Information Systems Office of the Library. This pilot project would automate the work con- Legislative Developments nected with approximately 1,200 deposit accounts maintained for patrons who transact a Aside from the bills for general revision and large and regular volume of business with the the related interim extension of renewal copy- Copyright Office. rights, several other measures pertaining to the The estimated five-year program authorized by field of copyright and the work of the Copyright 6 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF C0PYRK;HLS. 1970

Office were introduced during fiscal 1970. No cations by stating specifically that none of its action had been taken on any of them before the provisions "shall be held to transfer to the Center end of the year. any of the duties of the Register of Copyrights or Though differing in some details, H.R. 15616, to otherwise interfere with the administration of introduced by Representative Edward I. Koch on copyright laws or to affect any international January 29, 1970, and H.R. 17841, introduced obligations of the United States relating to copy- by Representative Richard Fulton on May 27, rights." Deposit in the national collection would 1970, are similar in the main to one another and therefore not in itself constitute compliance with to bills introduced in previous Congresses. They the copyright law. would amend the Internal Revenue Code to Somewhat War from the standpoint of the extend capital pins treatment to certain trans- Library's collections was the bill, S. 3720, intro- fers by authors and their assignees of rights in a duced by Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr ., on April copyright or a literary, musical, or artistic com- 15, 1970, which would authorize the Library of position. Congress to obtain and preserve a collection of A novel approach to the serious problem pre- video tapes or films of nationally televised pro- sented by the widespread piracy of sound record- grams covering news and other public affairs and ings is embodied in H.R. 16687, introduced by to prepare subject matter tapes or films present- Representative James A. Burke on March 26, ing material assembled from those programs 1970. The bill would provide for issuance by the dealing with a particular subject over a period of Government of stamps, bearing an identifying time. number for each recording, to be placed on every record or tape by the authorized producer and would impose criminal penalties against anyone Jladicial Developments who knowingly manufactures or distniutes records or tapes bearing stamps used by an unau- The only action brought against the Register of thorized person. Copyrights during fwcal 1970, Lewis v. Kamin- On May 4, 1970, Representative Charles A. stein, Civil Action No. 42869-A in the U.S. Vanik introduced H.R. 17425, which would add htrict Court for Eastem Virginia, was still a new subsection to section 13 of the copyright pending at the end of the year. Earl C. Lewis, law (1 7 U.S.C.). At present the section requires trading as the Peruvian Plastics Products Com- the publisher of each work issued with a copy- pany, asked the court for an order requiring the right notice to deposit two copies in the Copy- Register to issue an amendment to the Regula- right Office. Representative Vanik's bill would tions of the Copyright -ce declaring that require the publisher to deliver an additional works which contain "advertising relating to copy on demand to each of 12 libraries in various cigarette and tobacco products and their uses" cities. An identical bill, H.R. 18552, was intro- are not subject to copyright and therefore cannot duced by Representative Seymour Halpem on be accepted for registration. Institution of the July 21,1970. suit followed the Register's refusal to issue the Deposits of copyrighted works in the Copy- proposed regulation in response to the plaintiffs right Office could be expected to play a signifi- submission of a Petition for Rule Making. cant role in the acquisition of materials for The Department of Justice, acting on behalf of special collections contemplated by two bills. the Register, fded a motion to dismiss the com- H.R. 16763, introduced by Representative Frank plaint on the ground, among others, that the issu- Thompson, Jr., on April 6, 1970, would establish ance of such a regulation, if it is within the a National Film Center and Archive in the Register's authority, would be purely a matter Library of Congress for the acquisition and main- for his discretion. The plaintiff has filed an tenance of a national collection of motion Opposition to the Motion to Dismiss and his own pictures. The bill recognizes its copyright impli- Motion for Summary Judgment. RE#)RT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRKiHTS, 1970 7

Subject matte^ urd Scope of Cop-t Protection "Agreement" were original. The court considered many of the decided cases in which "oI@IuE~~" The court's treatment of the established princi- had been considered, including Alfred Bell & Co. ple that methods and systems are not copyright- v. Catalda Fine Arts, Inc., 19 1 F. 2d 99 (2d Cir. able and its application of a novelty standard in 1951), but in reaching its conclusion that plain- Trebonik v. Grossman Music Copomtion. 305 F. tiffs work was not original, the court relied on Supp. 339 (N.D. Ohio 1%9), made the decision the "sweat of his own brow" test ofAmsterdam a controversial one. The court found that a v. M~lePublications, Inc., 189 F. 2d 104 (3d 33-page booklet infringed plaintiffs device for Ch. 1951). The court said: ". . .like the map in teaching the fingering of chords on a guitar. The Amsterdam,, Donald's fonn is nothing more than device, a wheel chart of guitar chords, was held a mosaic of the existing forms, with no original to be copyrightable on the ground that "it piece added. The Copyright Act was not desii arranges and presents chords in an orifid, crea- to protect such mgligiile efforts. We reward tive, and even novel way." The court stressed the creativity and originality with a copyright but we fact that "no one prior to the plaintiff ever do not accord copyright protaction to a mere attempted to present a categorizd system of copycat." available guitar chords in a quick reference sys- The scope of the right to make musical tem such as a wheel." arrangements under the "mechanical repmduc- Reversing the district court, the Fifth Circuit tion" provisions of 17 U.S.C. Oqe) was at issue Court of Appeals, in Tennessee Fabricating Com- in Leo Feist, Inc. v. ApoIlo Records, N. Y. Cbrp., pany v. Moultne ManufacncnncnngCb., 421 F. 2d 300 F. Supp. 32 (S.D.N.Y. 1%9),affd 418 F. 279, cert. denied, 398 U.S. 928 (1970), held that 2d 1249 (2d Cu. 1%9), cert. hied, 398 U.S. a 12- by 12-inch architectural metal casting print 904 (1970). Citing earlier scholarly works, the "fomd entirely of intercepting straight lines court stated: ". . .tbe quirement that a kom- and arc lines" was copyrightable as a work of art. pulsory license' be limited in its use in mechani- In reach its decision the court cited section cal reproduction to the use originally made or 202.10(b) of the Regulations of the Copyright granted by the plaintiff in the initial mechimid Ofice, as well as Circular 32 on blank forms and reproduction, has been liberally construed. This other unwpyrightable materials, and concluded requirement has been said to mean that the "that plaintiffs architectural unit possessed at reproduction need not be identical, but that least the minimal degree of creativity required some latitude must be allowed to each manufac- for copyright ." turer to prep= an individual instrumental or The same court seemed to take a somewhat vocal arrangement of the composition." stricter approach to the "minimum original In the case under consideration the court held authorship" issue in denying the validity of plain- that the "individual artistic interpretations" of the tiffs copyright in Donald v. Zock Meyer's T. V. artists performing a "standard arrangement" of a &ks and Service, 165 U.S.P.Q. 75 1 (5th Cir. musical composition did not constitute a new "ar- 1970). Plaintiff had copyrighted an alleged origi- rangement" within the meaning ofsection l

were transmitted aver the cab system a week (1969), cst. denied, 398 U.S. %O 11970), the after their recording. The court believed that the defendant, Phoenix Tapes, made stereophonic recording of the motion pictures in such form tape cartridges by reproducing Capitol's phono- that they could be shown innumerable times and graph records and tapes and sold them to the after any period of time infringed the plaintiff's public at a substantially lowercost than Capitol's rights under section l(d) of title 17 U.S.C. tapes. No permission was sought by Phoenix, and New light was shed on the statutory remedies the only payments made by Phoenix were 40 the for infringement of copyright in the case of copyright owners of the musical compositions Fedno, Inc. v. Kravex Manuf~turingCorp., 165 under the compulsory license provisions of the U.SP.Q. 510 (E.D.N.Y. 1970). Section 101(b) of copyright law. the copyright law provides that an infringer shall Phoenix argued that its conduct in duplicating be liable to "pay to the copyright proprietor the Capitol ~ecordingswas condoned by the deci- such damages as the copyright proprietor may sions in Sarvs, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co., 376 have suffered due to the infringement, as well as U.S. 225 (1964). andCompco Cow. v. by-Brite all the profits which the infringer shall have made Lighting Inc., 376 US. 23471964). which indi- from such infringement. .. ." The court held cated that State law could not restrict freedom that plaintiff in this case was not entitled to both to copy what Federal patent and copyright laws the profit from infringing sales and the loss of leave in the public domain. In affigthe trial profits plaintiff would have made on the same court's preliminary injunction restraining Phoe- sales but only to the greater of the two amounts nix from reproducing Capitol's recordings, the as being inclusive of both damages and profits court cited numerous cases distinguishing under section 101(b). between 'kopying," which is permitted by Seam Is a management company liable for the unau- and Compco, and misappropriation of the pro- thorized performance of copyrighted musical duct itself, which State courts continue to pro- works at local community concerts if it "know- tect against. ingly participates" in the infringment? In the The Sears andCowocases formed a basis for case of Cershwin Publishing Cbrp. v. Columbia the court's Tiding for the defendant in hss Artists Management, Inc., 3 12 F. Supp. 581 Publishing Co. v. Athntic County Advmiser, (S.D.N.Y. 1970), the management company Ic., 108 N.J. Super. 75, 260 A. 2d 6 11969). created and maintained local community concert Plaintiffs adirertning department made up lay- associations, which sponsored the public perfor- outs for advertisements that were printed in manoe of music in the ASCAP repertory without plaintill's newspaper. The advertisements were the copyright owner's permission. This activity not copyrighted. The court denied plaintiffs on the part of the management company was contention that defendant's reproduction in his held to "cause the infringement" and to consti- newspaper of the advertisements for the same tute "knowing participation in the infringe- firms constituted unfair competition. The court ment," either of which is a suffn:ient basis for rejected plaintiff's argument that International Fixing liability. News Service v. Associated Press, 248 US. 215 i1918), and recent cases following it were con- trolling, and found Seurs and Compco to relate Unfair Competition and Other Theories more closely to the case at bar. of Protection In an action by the Government for violation of section 1 of the Sherman Act, Uni&d States v. The growing demand for stereophonic tape Clticago Tribune-Nm Yo& News Syndicate, cartridges has resulted in even greater concern on Inc., 309 F. Supp. 1301 6.D.N.Y. 1970), the the part of recording companies for the protec- court denied the defendant's motion to dismiss tion of their recordings against "piracy." InCapC the action for failure to state a claim upon which to1 Reconis, Inc. v. Erickson, d.b.a. Phoenix relief could be granted. The-Government alleged Tripes, 2 2al. App3d 526, 82 Cal.Rptr. 798 that the news syndicate had made agreements 12 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRKiHIS. 1970

with its customers to supply them with copy- Congress also participated and delivered the righted features, that the syndicate agreed it opening address. would not sell the features to other newspapers Several positive recommendations emerged within a specified territory, and that, since the from the meeting. The principal one, entitled the territories were "arbitrary and unreasonably 'Washington Recommendation," called for the broad," the agreements were in unreasonable simultaneous revision of the Berne and Universal restraint of trade. The defendant's argument, in Conventions and included proposals for arnelior- part, ''that by reason of the copyright, an exclu- ating the conflict between the developed and sive territorial license may be granted, no matter developing countries and for modifying the rela- how 'arbitrary' or how 'unreasonably broad' the tionship between the two conventions. territory may be," was rejected by the court. The Another recommendation concerned the estab- Government should be allowed, the cowt held, lishment, under the auspices of UNESCO, of an to show at trial that the defendant's grants to its International Copyright Information Center. The licensees of exclusive territories were greater than objectives of this center would be to permit were needed to protect them in their use of the developing countries a greater degree of access to featsres. educational and scientifii works through an exchange of information concerning the terms and conditions upon which specific works might International Copyright Developments be available from developed countries. This cen- ter is expected to begin operations at UNESCO There were five international meetings of headquarters in Paris ifi 1971. importance dealing with copyright and related In December 1969, the Intergovernmental subjects in fiscal 1970. Four of these dealt with Copyright Committee and the Permanent Com- the continuing effort to find solutions to the mittee of the Berne Union met in ordinary ses- international copyright crisis resulting from the sions. They decided to adopt the "Washington Stockholm Conference of 1967 and the Protocol Recommendation" in its entirety and accord- Regarding Developing Countries that was then ingly evolved plans for the revision of both con- integrated into the Berne Convention. The fifth ventions. These included several meetings concerned the unauthorized use of programs preparatory to two diplomatic conferences in transmitted by communications satellites. May-June 1971. Washington was the scene of the first and most To prepare draft texts for the revision of the important of these meetings. Pursuant to a reso- Universal Copyright Convention and the Berne lution of the Intergovernmental Copyright Com- Convention, two ad hoc committees met in May mittee of the Universal Copyright Convention 1970 in Paris and Geneva. The Assistant Register and of the Permanent Committee of the Berne of Copyrigh. ts was the U.S. delegate to these Union, delegates from 25 countries met at the meeting and was elected chairman of the Paris State Department in September 1969. The reso- meeting. lution established an International Copyright The draft texts fmally adopted by the two ad Joint Study Group whose mandate was '40 study hoc committees reflected, in large part, proposals the entire situation of international relations in which had been submitted to UNESCO by the the field of copyright." At issue was the fate of United States. These included a new provision in the Stockholm Protocol, the concessions that the UCC establishing the author's basic rights of developed countries were willing to make to reproduction, public perfoimance, and broad- developing countries, and the future relationship casting, as well as providing for concessions for between the Berne and Uniwnersal Conventions. developing countries in respect to translations The United States delegation included the Reg- and reprints. ister of Copyrights, who was elected honorary At extraordinary sessions of the Intergovern- chairman of the conference, and the Assistant mental Copyright Committee and the Permanent Register, Barbara A. Ringer. The Librarian of Committee of the Berne Union, held in Septem- REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF C0PYRK;HTS. 1970 13 ber 1970, the texts adopted by the ad hoc trative cooperation among the unions-established committees were given further study. These com- by the various conventions and agreements now mittees then made the fmal preparation for the administered by BIRPI. Until all the member diplomatic conferences to be held in May-June states of these Unions have become members of 1971. WIPO, it will continue to exist side by side with Sixty countries were represented at a Meeting BIRPI. The United Statesdeposited its instrument of Governmental Experts on International of ratification of WIPO on May 25, 1970, and Arrangements in the Space Communications participated in the first mee- of the new Field, convened by UNESCO in December 1969. organization in September 1970. One of the problems considered was the protec- No additional membzrs adhered to the Uni- tion of works transmitted by satellite against versal Copyright Convention in fiscal 1970. Its international piracy. membership remains at 58 countries. AU of the experts present agreed on the ur- Chile bemum a party on June 5, 1970, to the gency of protecting broadcast signals transmitted Berne Convention for the Rotection of Uter- by satellite. They differed, however, on the best ary and Artistic Works, as revised at Bmssels in means of affording this protection. Of the pro- 1948. In addition, Upper Volta, by a note dated posals that emerged from the meeting, the great- September 12, 1969, indicated its intention to est support was given to an amendment to the denounce the Berne Convention. This denuncia- International Telecommunications Convention or tion became effective September 20, 1970. At a new treaty. It was concluded that these propos- present, the Berne Convention has 60 members. als should be studied further at a conference to Paraguay deposited an instrument of ratifica- be convened in 1971 under the joint auspices of tion to the International Convention for the Ra- UNESCO and the United International Bureaux dection of Performers, Producers of Pfionograms, for the Protection of Intellectual Property and Broadcasting Organizations, commonly (BIRPI). known as the Rome Convention on Neighboring The World Intellectual Roperty Otganization Rights. This instrument was effective on Febru- (WIPO) came into being on April 26, 1970, a ary 26, 1970, and brings to 11 the number of -cant day for international copyright. The members of that convention. convention, signed at Stockholm on July 14, 1967, states that the objectives of the new organ- Respectfully submitted, ization are to promote the protection of intellec- tual property throughout the world through ABRAHAM L. KAMINSTEIN cooperation among states and to ensure adminis- Register of Copyr&hts 14 REPORT OF THE REGIaR OF COPYRIGHIS, 1970

Intemationnl Copyright Relations of the United States as of October 10,1970

This table shows the status of United States copyright relations with other independent countries of the world. The following code is wed: UCC Party to the Universal Copyright Convention, as is the United States. BAC Party to the Buenos Aires Convention of 1910, as is the United States. Biiteml Bilateral copyright relations with the United Strtes by virtue of a proclamation or trtaty. Underr Became independent Jincc 1943. Haa not established copyright rCSPtiona with the United States, but may be honoring obligatio~incumd under former political status. None No copyright relations with the United States.

------Country Status of copyright relation8 Country Status of copyright relations

Afghaniam ..... None El Salvador .:... Bilateral by virtue of Mexico Albania ...... None City Convention. 1902 lUgain ...... Unclear Equatorial Guiner . . unclw Andan ...... UCC Ethiopia ...... None Argentina ...... UCC, BAC, Bhteral Fiji ...... Undeor Australia ...... Biitcrrl Finland ...... UCC, Bilateral Aurtrk ...... UCC, Bilatenl Fnnce ...... UCC.Bih&d . Batbdos ...... Uncleor Gabon ...... Uocl€ar Belgium ...... UCC, Bilatd cambia ...... unclear Bhutan ...... None Germany ...... Bilateral; UCC with Fedd Bolivis ...... BAC Republic of Germany Botswana ...... Unckar Ghana ...... UCC Brazil ...... UCC. BAC. Bilateral CItea ...... UCC. Bilateral Bulgaria ...... None Guatemala ..... UCC, BAC Burma ...... Unclear Guimr ...... Unch Burundi ...... Unch Guyana ...... Uncku Cambodia ..:.. WX Haiti ...... UCC, BAC Camuoon ..... Unclcu Hdy See (Vatican Canada ...... UCC, Bilateral City) ...... m Central African Honduras ...... BAC Republic ..... Unclear Hungary ...... Bhtd Ceylon ...... Unclear Iceland ...... UCC Chad ...... UnURdau India ...... UCC, Biktaal Chile ...... UCC, BAC, Bitoral Indonesia ...... Unclear china ...... Bilateral Inn ...... None Colombis ...... BAC Ilaq ...... None Congo (Braz~nville) . Unclear hhd ...... UCC, Bilateral CowuGnhsa) . . UnclcPr Isnsl ...... UCC, Bilateral CostaRica ..... UCC, BAC. Bilateral Italy ...... UCC. Bilatenl Cuba ...... m, Bilatd Ivory Coast ..... Unclear Cypm ...... Unclear Jamaica ...... Unckar aechoslovakia ... UCC, Bilateral Japan ...... UCC Dahomey ...... Unclear Jordan ...... Unclear Demmark ...... UCC. Bilatenl Kenya ...... UCC Dominican Republic . BAC Korea ...... Unclear Ecudor ...... UCC,BAC Kuwait ...... UIlclePr REfORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRK;HTS. 1970 15

Country Status of copyright relations Country Status of copyright relations

Laos ...... UCC Rwanda ...... Unclear Lebanon ...... UCC . Spn Mprino ..... None Lesotho ...... Unclear Saudi A.i .... None Liberia ...... UCC Senegal...... Unclear Libya ...... Unclear Sierra Leone .... Unclear Liechtenstein .... UCC Singapore ...... Umkor Luxembourg .... UCC, Bilateral - Somalia ...... Unckar Madagascar ..... Unckor . South Africa .... Bilateral Malawi...... UCC Southern Yemen ... Unckar Malaysia ...... Unclear Soviet Union .... None Maldive Islands ... Unclear . Spain ...... UCC,BilPteral Mali ...... Unclear . Sudan ...... Unclear Malta ...... UCC Swnziland ..... Unclear Mauritania ..... Unckor Sweden ...... UOC. Biteral Mauritius ...... Unclear Switzerland ..... UCC, Bilateral Mexico ...... UCC, BAC, Bilateral . Syria...... Unclear Monaco ...... UCC, Bilateral . Tuuania ...... Unckar Morocco ...... Unclear : Thaihnd ...... BiW Muscat and Oman . . None Togo...... Unckar Nauru ...... Unclear a Tonga ....-. .. None Nepal ...... None Trinidad and Netherlands ..... UCC, Bilateral Tobago ...... Unckar New Zealand .... UCC, Bilateral Tunisia ...... Ln?C Nicaragua ...... UCC, BAC . Turkey ...... None Nii ...... Unclear Uganda...... Unclear Nigeria ...... UCC , United Arab Republic Norway ...... UCC,Bilateral . (Egypt) ...... None Wtan ...... UCC : United Kingdom ... UCC, Bilateral Panama ...... Ln?C,BAC . Upper Volta .... Unclear Paraguay ...... UCC,BAC Uruguay ...... BAC Prm ...... UCC.BAC Venezuela ..... UCC Philippines ..... Bilateral, UCCstatus Vietnam ...... UnclePr undetermined WestemSamoa ... Unclear Poland ...... Bilateral . Yemen ...... None Portugal ...... UCC, Bilateral . Yugoslevia ..... KC Rumania ...... Bilateral Zambia...... llCC 16 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF CO)YRKiHTS, 1970

Total Registmtion, 1 790-19 70

Patent Office 3 District Library of Courts I Congress 2 Labels Prints Total Total

1790-1869 150.000 150.000 1870 5,600 5.600 1871 12.688 12,688 1872 14.164 14,164 1873 15,352 15.352 1874 16,283 16.283 1875 15.927 267 26 7 16.194 1876 14,882 510 510 15.392 1877 15.758 3 24 324 16,082 1878 15,798 492 492 16.290 1879 18.1 25 403 403 18,528 1880 20,686 307 307 20.993 1881 21,075 181 181 21,256 1882 22.918 223 223 23.141 1883 25.274 618 618 25.892 1884 26.893 834 834 27,727 1885 28.411 337 337 28.748 1886 31,241 397 397 31,638 1887 35,083 384 3 84 35,467 1888 38,225 682 682 38.907 1889 40,985 312 312 41.297 1890 42.794 304 304 43.098 1891 48,908 289 289 49.197 1892 54.735 6 6 54.741 1893 58.956 1 1 58,957 1894 62,762 2 2 62.764 1895 67,572 6 6 67,578 18% 72,470 1 11 12 72.482 1897 75,000 3 32 35 75,035 1898 75345 7 1 18 89 75.6 34 1899 80.968 372 76 448 81.416 1900 94,798 682 93 775 95.573 1901 92.351 824 1 24 948 93,299 1902 92.978 750 163 913 93,891 1903 97.979 910 233 1.143 99.1 22 1904 103,130 1,044 257 1,301 104,431 1905 113,374 1,028 345 1,373 114.747 1906 117.704 74 1 354 1,095 118,799 1907 123,829 660 3 25 985 124,814 1908 119,742 636 279 915 120,657 1909 120,131 779 23 1 1,010 121.141 1910 109,074 176 59 235 109.309 1911 115,198 576 181 757 115,955 1912 1 20.93 1 6 25 26 8 893 121.824 1913 119.495 664 254 918 120,413 1914 123,154 7 20 339 1.OS9 124,213 REFQRT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRlGHTS. 1970

Totd Regismtion. I 7901970-Continued

District Library of -- Courts 1 Congress 2 Labels Rints Total Total

115.193 116.276 115,967 117.202 111,438 112561 106,728 107,436 113pO3 113.771 126,562 127.342 135,280 136.765 138.633 140.734 148,946 151,087 162,694 164.7 10 165,848 167.863 177,635 180.1 79 184.000 1%.856 193.914 196.7 15 161.959 164.666 172.792 175.125 164.642 167.107 151.735 153.710 137,424 139361 139,047 141.217 142.031 144,439 156.%2 159,268 lS4.424 156.930 166,248 168,663 173.135 175.450 176.997 179.467 180,647 180.647 182.232 182.232 160.789 160.789 169.269 169.269 178.848 178,848 202.144 202.144 230.215 230.215 238.1 21 238,121 201.1m 201,190 210,564 210.S4 200.354 200.354 203.705 203.705 218506 218.506 222.665 222.665 224.732 224,732 224.908 224.908 225.807 225.807 238.935 238.935 241.735 241.735 24 3.9 26 243.926 REPORT OF THE REGI!XER OF COPYRIGHTS. 1970

Total Registmtion. 1 790.1 970-Continued

Patent Off~ce3 District Library of Courts 1 Congr~ss2 Labela Rints Total Total

1 Estimated registrations made in the offiof the Clerks of the District Courts (Source: pamphkt entitled Recovds in the Copyright Office DepaQFItedby the United States District Cacrts Covering the Pmmod179@1870, by Martin A. Roberts, Chief Assistant Librarian. Library of Congress. 1939). 2 Registrations made in the Library of Congress under the Libnuian, calendar years 1870-1897 (Sour-: Antad Reports of the Librarian). Registrations made in the Copyright Office under the Register of Copyrights, fiscal years 1898-1970 (Source: Annual Reports of the Register). 3 Labels registered in Patent Office. 1875-1940; Prints registered in Patent Off-, 1893-1940 (Source: memorandum from Patent Offia, dated Feb. 13,1958,'baaed on official reports and computations). REFQRT OF THE REGISIlER OF CDPYRIGHTS. 1970

Renew1 Regismtions by Subject Matter, Cale& Yeam 1909-1969

Lectures Graphic Motion Boob Periodicals &dramas Muic Maps prts picturn Total 20 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS. 1970

Renewal Registmtions by Subject Matter-Continued

Lectures Graphic Motion Books Periodicals &dramas Music &PS arts pictures Total

1955 4.520 2,976 772 9.898 853 322 1.116 20,457 1956 4.550 4.121 778 1 1.050 779 318 1.289 22,885 1957 3,983 3,734 736 10,985 912 313 1,076 21.739 1958 3.956 4,312 816 10.772 1.046 342 1,203 22.447 1959 3.946 4.296 781 10.044 487 279 1,020 20,853 1960 4.109 4,402 593 9,484 49 306 1,048 19.991 1961 5.339 2.777 896 9,045 2 1 271 1,020 19.369 1962 4.928 3.393 85 1 8.164 110 249 1,045 18,740 1963 4,850 3.434 81 1 9.136 119 517 1.121 19.988 1964 5,585 3.975 908 10.034 110 1,007 97 1 22.590 1965 6,609 4.249 86 1 9.916 112 1,103 1,405 24.255 1966 7,460 4.096 904 10.149 92 5 86 1,228 24.515 1967 8.002 3.661 94 6 10.024 116 727 1,042 24,518 1968 9.398 4,001 730 10,516 79 457 1,126 26.307 1969 7,472 4.008 776 9.785 99 331 1,078 23.549

Percentage 22 15 3 53 2 2 3 100

Registrations by Subject Matter Classes, Fiscal Years I96670

Class Subject matter of copyright 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

Books (including pamphlets. leaflets. etc.) . . Periodicals (issues) ...... (BB) Contributions to newspapen and periodicals ...... Lectures, sermons. addresses ...... Dramatic or dramaticcbmusical compositions . Musical compositions ...... Maps ...... Works of art, models, or designs ...... Reproductions of works of art ...... Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character ...... Photographs ...... Rints and pictorial illustrations ...... (KK) Commercial prints and labels ... Motion-picture photoplays ...... Motion pictures not photoplays ...... Renewals of all classes ...... REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS. 1970 2 1

Number of Articles Deposited. Fiscal Years 1966-70

Class Subject matter of copyright 1966 Books (including pamphlets. leaflets. etc.) . . 152.632 Periodicals ...... 155.382 (BB) Contributions to newspapers and periodicals ...... 1.717 Lectures. sermons. addresses ...... 911 Dramatic or dramatitmmusical compositions . 3. 590 Musical compositions ...... 97.622 Maps ...... 3. 863 Works of art. models. or designs ...... 9. 123 Reproductions of works of art ...... 5.1 20 Drawings or plastic works of a scient%c or technical character ...... 1.369 Photogaphs ...... 1.109 Prints and pictorial illustrations ...... 6.162 (KK) Commercial prints and labels ... 12.570 Motion-picture photoplays ...... 3. 886 Motion pictures not photoplays ...... 1. 742

Total ...... 456. 798 474. 226 485.416 476.010 565.995

Number of Articles i'kansferred to Other Deplutments of the Libmy of Congmss 1

Class Subject matter of articles transfed 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Books (including pamphlets. leaflets. etc.) . Periodicals ...... (BB) Contributions to newspapers and periodicals ...... Lectures. sermons . addresses ...... Dramatic or dramatico-musical compositions Musical compositions ...... Maps ...... Works of art. models .or designs ...... Reproductions of worksof art ...... Drawings or plastic works of a scientific or technical character ...... Photographs ...... Prints and pictorial illustrations ...... (KK) Commen:ial prints and labels . . Motion-picture photoplays ...... Motion picturesnot photoplays ......

... - -.- Total ...... 265.147 269,043 2 311,635 293,396 300.618

1 Extra copies received with deposits and gift copies are included in these faurcs. thus in some eatagoties the number of articles transferred exceeds the number of articles deposited. as shown in the preceding chart . 2 Adjusted flyre. 22 REPORT OF THE RMZISIER OF COPYRK.HTS. 1970

Gross ashReceipts . Fees. and Registmrions. Fisml Years I96670

Increase or Gmss receipts Fees earned Rtgistrationa decrease in registrations

...... - ... - Total ...... 9,517,941.34 8,984,046.76 1,502,447

Sum~of Copyright Business

Balance on hand July 1. 1969 ...... $503.097.06 Gross receipts July 1.1969. to June 30. 1970 ...... 2.049.308.99

Total to be accounted for ...... 2.552.406.05

Refunded ...... $78.248.77 Checks returned unpaid ...... 2.857.21 Depositedasearnedfees ...... 1.937.437.02 Balance carried over July 1 . 1970 Fees earned in June 1970 but not deposited until July 1970 ...... $187.837.19 Unfinished business balance ...... 89.614.41 Deposit accounts balance ...... 253.63 1.63 Cardservice ...... 2.779.82 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS. 1970

Summary of Copyright Business-Continued

Registrations Fees earned

Published domestic works at $6 ...... 203. 221 $1.219.326.00 Unpublished works at $4 1 ...... 1 4.00 Published foreign works at $6 ...... 4. 159 24,954.00 Unpublished works at $6 ...... 74.202 445.212.00 Renewals at $4 ...... 23.316 93.264.00

Total registrations for fee ...... 304. 899 1.782.760.00 Registrations made under provisions of law permitting registration without payment of fee for certain works of foreign origin ...... 1 1. 567

Total registxations ...... 316.466

Fees for recording assignments ...... 42.421.00 Fees for indexing transfers of proprietorship ...... 15.198.00 Fees for recording notices of intention to use ...... 218.00 Fees for recording notices of use ...... 21.769.00 Fees for certifIcd documents ...... 5.46 1.00 Fees for searches made ...... 79.470.00 CardSe~a...... 9.144.37

Total fees exclusive of registrations ...... 173,681.37

Total fees earned ...... 1.956.441.37

1 This claim was received in the Copyright Offce before the increase of fee rates in November 1%5 . Publications of the Copyright Office

The publications listed below may be obtained free of charge from the Register of Copyrights, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540.

General Information on Copyright. Circular 1. 11 pages. Musical Compositions 1969. Nm Versions and Reprints Periodicals The Copyright Office. Circular 1A. 2 pages. 1971. Pictoria1,Graphic. and Sculptd Works Poems and Song Lyrics Regulations of the Copyr@t OW=. (Code of Federal Prints and Lsbtls Regulations, Title 37, chapter 11.) Circular 96.17 pages. Radio and Tekvision Progrnms 1969. Renewal of Copyri%t

Circulars on specific copyright subjects are availabk. Annual Report of the Re* or Co~yrights-Co~ies These include: available for the fiscal years baginning with 1962. Cer- Assignments and Related Documents tain earlier Reports are also available. Audiovisual Material Authors' Publishing and Recording Arrangements Bibliography on Design Protection. Compiled and edited Books and Pamphlets by Barbara A. Ringer. 70 page; 1955. Cartoons and Comic Strips Bibliography on Design Protection. Suppkmmt 1959. Choreographic Works 160 pages. 1959. Computer Programs Contributions to Periodicals Copyright Bibliognphy. By Henriette Eukrtz. 213 plges. Copyright Notice 19SO. Dramatico-Musical Works Fair use Copyright-Related Laws and Regulations. A listing of Games some provisions in the United States Code, Statutes at How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a Work Large, and thecode of Federal Regulations dealing with International Copyright Relations or related to copyright (exclusive of 17 USC, the Letters. Diaries, and Similar Personal Manuscripts copyright law, and 37 CFR 11, the regulations of the Loosekaf Publications Copyright Office). Compiled by ~arjo&G. McCannon. Motion Pictuzes 31 pages. 1968.

For information about obtaining copies of the committee prints and hearings listed below, which are not available from the Government Printing Offi, write to the Register of Copyrights, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540.

Copyright Law Revision Studies. Studies prepared for 3. The Meaning of "Writings" in the Copyright Clause the Subcommittee on Patents. Trademarks, and Copy- of the Constitution rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. 4. The MoralRight of the Author

Studies 1-4.142 pages. 1960.40 cents. StudiesS-6.12s pages. 1960.35 cents. 1. The History of U.S.A. Copyright Law Revision 5. The Compulsory License Provisions of the U.S. from 1901 to 1954 Copyright Law 2. Size of the Copyright Industries 6. The Economic Aspects of the Compulsory License 2s 26 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGiiT3. 1970

Studtes 7-10.125 pages. 1960.35 cents. Studier 26-28.116 pages. 1961. 35 cents. 7. Notia of Copyright 26. The Unauthorized Duplication of Sound Record- 8. Commercial Use of the Copyright Notice inas 9. Use of the Copyright Notice by Libraries 27. Copyright in Architectural Works 10. False Use of the Copyright Notice 28. Copyright in Choreographic Works

Studies 11-13.155 pages. 1960.45 cents. Studies 29-31.237 pages. 1961.60 cents. 11. Divisibility of Copyrights 29. Rotection of Unpublished Works 12. Joint Ownership of Copyrights 30. Duration of Copyright 13. Works Made for Hire and on Commission 31. Renewal of Copyright 32-34.57 1961.25 Studies 14-16.135 pages. 1960.35 cents. Studies pages. cents. 32. 14. Fair Use of Copyrighted Works Rotection of Works of Foreign Origin 33. in Government Publications 15. Photoduplication of Copyrighted Material by Li- 34. Copyright in Territories and Possessions of the braries 16. Limitations on Performing Rights United States Subject Index to Studies 1-34. 38 pages. 1961. 15 17-19.135 1960.40 Studks pages. cents. cents. 17. The Registration of Copyright 18. Authority of the Register of Copyrights to Reject Hearings on the Revision Bill. Subcommittee on Patents. Applications for Registration Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Committee on the 19. The Recordation of Copyright Assignments and Judiciary, U.S. Senate. In 7 parts, including a combined Licenses subject and name index.

Studies 20-21.81 pages. 1960.25 cents. 89th Cong., 1st sess.. pursuant to S. Res. 48 on S. 1006. 20. Deposit of Copyrighted Works August 18,lg.and 20,1965.242 pages. 1967. 21. The Catalog of Copyright Entries 89th Cong., 2d sess.. pursuant to S. Res. 201 on S. 1006. August 2, 3.4, and 25,1966. CATV hearings. Studies 22-25.169 pages. 1960.45 cents. 252 pages. 1966. 22. The Damage Provisions of the Copyright Law 23. The Operation of the Damage Provisions of the 90th Cong.. 1st sess.. pursuant to S. Res. 37 on S. 597. Copyright Law: An Exploratory Study Parts 1-4.1383 pages. 1967. 24. Remedies Other Than Damages for Copmt Infringement Index of Hearings. Combined subject and name index. 25. Liability of Innocent Infringers of Copyright 151 pages. 1968.

To order the publications listed below address orders and make remittances payable to the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Copyright Law of the United States of Amaia. (Title Catalog of Copyright Entrk. Each part of the Catalog is 17. United States Code). Buktin 14. This is a pamphlet published in semiannual numbers containing the claims edition of the copyright law including the Regulations of copyright registered during the periods January-June of the Copyright Office and the text of the Universal and July-Dember. The prices given below are for the Copyright Convention. 83 pages. 1969.45 cents. year. Semiannual numbers are available at onehalf the annual price. Beginning with vol. 20, no. 1.1966, Third Compendium of Copyright Office Practiceg A general Series of the Catalog, the annual subscription price for guide to Copyright Office practices, which are subject to all parts of the complete yearly Catalog is $50. For the constant review and modification. Looseleaf. 1971. $6 preceding 19 volumes of the Third Series, the annual domestic and $7.50 foreign. subscription price for all parts is $20. The prices given in brackets are for the issues preceding vol. 20. Write to Copyright Enactments. Laws Passed in the United States the Superintendent of Documents for information since 1783 Relating to Copyright. Bulletin 3. revised. about additional charges for mailing the Catalogs to Looseleaf in binder. 150 pqer. 1963. $2. foreign countries. REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRK;HlS. 1970

Part 1-Books and Pamphlets Including Serials and 1947-48 (Bulletin 26) $1.75 Contributions to Periodicals. $15 [$5] 1949-50 (Bulletin 27) $2.75 Part 2-Periodicals. $5 [$2] 1951-52 (Bulletin 28) 52.75 Parts 3-4-Dramas and Works Prepared for Oral De- 1953-54 (Bulletin 29) $250 livery. $5 [$2] 1955-56 [Bulletin 30) $450 Part 5-Music. $15[$7] 1957-58 (Bulletin 31) $2.75 Part 6-Maps and Atkses. $5[$1] 1959-60 (Bulletin 32) $3.00 Parts 7-11A-Works of Art, Reproductions of Works 1961-62 (Bulletin 33) $2.75 of Art, Scientific and Technical Drawings. Photo- 1963-64 (Bulletin 34) S2.n graphic Works, Rints and Pictorial Illustrations. 1965-66 (Bulletin %) $3.75 SIS21 1967-68 (Bulletin 36) 35-25. Part 11B-Commercial Rints and Labels. $S [$2] Parts 12-1 3-Motion Pictures and Filmstrips. $5 ($11 Cumulative Index, 1909-1954 (Bulletins 17-29) $1.75. Annual Subscription Rice, all parts. $50[$20] Compkte set, includii Index $55. Rices are subject to change. Catalog of Copyright Entries, Cumulative Seriea Report of the Register of Copyrighb on the Ged Motion Pictures 1894-1912. Works identified from the Revieion of the U.S. Copyright Jaw. 87th Cong., 1st records of the United States Copyright Office by sess. House Committee Rint. 160 pq$s. July 1961. 45 Howard Lamarr Walls. 92 pages. 1953. $2. cents.

Motion Pictures 1912-1939. Works registered in the Copyright Law Revision, Put 2. Discussion and Com- Copyright Office in Classes L and M. 1256 pages. ments on Reports of the Register of Copyrights on the 1951. $18. General Revision of the U.S. Copyright Law. 88th Cong.. 1st seas. 'House Committee Rint. 419 pages. Motion Pictures 1940-1949. Works registered in the February 1963. $1.25. Copyright Office in Classes L and M. 599 pages. 1953. $10. Copyri%t Law Revieion, Put 3. Preliminary Draft for Revised U.S. Copyright Law and Discussions and Com- Motion Pictures 1950-1959. Works registered in the ments on the Draft. House Committee Rint. 457 pages. Copyright Ofice in CIasses L and M. 494 pages. 1960. September 1964. $125. $10. Copyright Law Revieion, Put 4. Further Discussions Motion Pictures 1960-1969. Works registered in the and Comments on Preliminary Draft for Reviaed U.S. Copyright Office in Classes L and M. 744 pages. 1971. Copyright Law. 88th Cong., 2d sess. House Committee $8. Rint. 477 pages. Deoembex 1964. S1.a.

These five volumes list a total of over 135,000 motion Copyright Law Revisiin, Put 5.1964 Revision Bill with pictures registered since the beginning of the motion Discussions and Comments. 89th Cong., 1st sess. House picture industry. Committee Rint. 350 pages. September 1965. $1.

Decisions of the United States Courts Involving Copy- Cop-t Law Revieion, Put 6. Supplementary Report right. The series contains substantially all copyright of the Register of Copyrights on the General Revision of cases, as well as many involving related subjects, which the U.S. Copyright Law: 1965 Revision Bill. 89th have been decided by the Federal and State courts. Cong., 1st sess. House Committee Rint. 338 pages. May 1965. $1. 1909-14 (Bulletin 17) Out of print 1914-17 (Bulletin 18) $2.50 H- on the 1965 Revision BilL Subcommittee 1918-24 (Bulletin 19) $2.50 No. 3 of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of 1924-35 (Bulletin 20) $3.75 Representatives. 89th Cong.. 1st sess.. on H.R. 4347. 1935-37 (Bulletin 21) $0.75 H.R. 5680. H.R. 6831, H.R. 68%. May-September 1938-39 (Bulletin 22) $2.00 1965. In 3 parts, including an appendix of letters and 1939-40 (Bulletin 23) $2.25 other statements, as well as a combined subject and 1941-43 (Bulletin 24) $2.75 name index. U156 pages. 1966. Part 1. $2; Part 2, $2.25; 1944-46 (Bulletin 25) $2.25 Part 3. $2. 28 REPORT OF THE REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS, 1970

Copyright Law Revision. Report of the House Corn Copyright Law Reviaion. Report of the House Com- mittee on the Judiciary. 89th Cong.. 2d sess., H. Rept. mittee on the Judiciary. 90th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 2237.279 pages. 1966.65 cents. 83.254 pges. 1%7.60 cents.

Orders for and inquiries concerning the work listed below should be addressed and remittances made payable to the Chief, Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540.

A Compilation of the Reguhtions Concerning Copy- transferred to the Library of Congress. Positive micro- right, 1874-1956. The regulations affecting copyright fM,$6.50; photostat, $60. since the duties of registering copyright claim were fust

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