DOCSLIB.ORG

Entanglement and Rydberg Interac`On

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Entanglement and Rydberg Interac`On Entanglement and Rydberg interacon Antoine Browaeys, Instut d’Opque, CNRS Outline 1. Basics of entanglement 2. Entanglement and 2‐atom gate using Rybderg blockade Outline 1. Basics of entanglement 2. Entanglement and 2‐atom gate using Rybderg blockade Goal: control Rydberg interacon between few (10 – 100) atoms (No ensemble average) Quantum state engineering Outline 1. Basics of entanglement 2. Entanglement and 2‐atom gate using Rybderg blockade What is entanglement? 2 systems A, B 2 d° of freedom 2 modes Superposion principle ⇒ Separable: Non‐separable = entangled: MOST states are entangled!! Two‐level systems 2‐level systems: atom, quantum circuits, spin, polarizaon of photon Rotaon (e.g. polarizer, Raman, microwaves…) Rabi frequency Bell states What is so special about entanglement? |↑〉 |↑〉 |↓〉 |↓〉 1000 km A B 1. Perfect correlaons (even at very large distance…!) Cond. proba. What is so special about entanglement? |↑〉 |↑〉 |↓〉 |↓〉 1000 km A B 1. Perfect correlaons (even at very large distance…!) 2. You CAN NOT assigne a state to A or B = system as a whole Stascal mixture 3. You CAN NOT “dis‐entangled” by a LOCAL rotaon Non Local Quantum correlaons Classificaon of entangled states Biparte Pure state Mixed state Mulparte Pure state Bi‐separable Fully entangled: not bi‐separable w/r to any bi‐paron of the system Examples of inequivalent entangled states GHZ‐state W‐state No LOCAL rotaon can transform GHZ state into W state ⇒ defines 2 inequivalent classes of entanglement 2 systems 1 classe 3 systems 2 classes PRA 62, 062314 (2000) 4 systems 9 classes PRA 65, 052112 (2002) Beyond …? Preparaon of entangled states (1) 1. Conservaon laws Atomic cascade (e.g. Ca) Radio‐acve decay J=0 J=1 J=0 2. Some “symmetry”: e.g. idencal parcles Bosons 1 and 2 in two states and Fermions: Pauli principle Preparaon of entangled states (2) 3. Interacon between the sub‐parts evoluon Examples of Hint: Spin orbit coupling Hyperfine structure (ground state of H) Magnec interacon Generic Heisenberg Hint: e.g. spin 1/2 J Generaon of “cluster” states: (Ising) Preparaon of entangled states (3) 4. Projecve measurement Prepare Apply “small” rotaon Non‐destrucve measurement of (e.g. with cavity) Project onto: Heralded entanglement (probability ε2) Bi‐parte entanglement and non‐locality Bell inequality tests (1964) x S y x Entangled state ⇒ Classical local correlaons ⇒ y Non‐locality t ⇒ A and B not causaly related B A x Entanglement between A and B possible Quanficaon of entanglement: quantum state tomography For N atoms where (4N‐1 coefficients) Measure ⇒ reconstruct the density matrix e.g. Bell states of 2 ions PRL 92, 220402 (2004) Le largest state characterized: 8 ions W states, 65531 coefficients 10 hours of measurements! Too hard for “large” systems Nature 438, 643 (2005) Quanficaon of entanglement (1) Biparte ~OK: Schmidt decomposion, entropy, concurrence… Mulparte Pure states: generalized Bell inequalies (PRL 104, 240502 (2010)) Mixed states: no general criteria (even if you know ρ) ⇒ use weaker criteria Fidelity: want , measure Separable state ⇒ C.A. Sacke et al., Nature 404, 256 (2000) Quantum non‐locality (Bell for 2 at.) 0 1/2 1 Separable entangled Quanficaon of entanglement (2) More generally: entanglement witness operator separable state ⇒ ⇒ entangled state Examples: 1. fidelity ⇒ 2. Energy of spin 1/2: Separable: ⇒ Singlet state: ⇒ Choose Useful for macroscopic measurements Entanglement is fragile… Atom loss N‐1 GHZ strongly correlated While: W weakly correlated Phase fluctuaons (fluctuang B, E field) and Decoherence faster when N large Decoherence of a GHZ state PRL 106, 130506 (2011) N‐ion string But you can protect it…! Start from Energy 0 Energy Apply local rotaon on “atom” B and D (does not change class of entanglement) evoluon insensive to ⇒ fluctuaon of ω0 Decoherence free subspace Entanglement, measurement and classicality System Environment S‐M Meter M‐E α|g〉 + β |e〉 Entanglement S – M – E Stascal mixture: get |g〉 (proba |α|2) OR |g〉 (proba |α|2) Entanglement = resource for quantum metrology Frequency standard |F=4〉 ω0 = 9 192 631 770 Hz 133Cs |F=3〉 Applicaons: test of relavity, navigaon using GPS… Today, best atomic clock (ion based) Δν/ν ~ 10‐17 We can do beer using entanglement! Prepare N atom in Pe more sensive measurement t Entanglement = resource for quantum computaon Help solving “hard” problems: factoring (Shor) Exp L searching (Grover) Ln Encode informaon on a qubit: |0 , |1 〉 〉 calculation Time size L Elementary bricks (“circuit” approach): One‐qubit gate U1 c Two‐qubit gate U t 2 C‐NOT Uf Highly N qubits interfere entangled & entangle Engineered entangled states: state‐of‐the art (2013) 14 ions, GHZ (F=0.51) PRL 106, 130506 (2011) 3 supracond. qubits W (F=0.78), GHZ (F=0.62) Nature 467, 570, 574 (2010) 3 Rydberg atom GHZ (F=0.57) Science 288, 2024 (2000) 2 ground‐state atoms ~ Bell (F~0.75) 50 atoms cluster state Mandel et al., 425, 937 (2003) PRL 104, 010502, 010503 (2010) 8 photons (H,V) GHZ (F=0.71) Nat. Phot. 6, 227(2012) A short bibliography on entanglement Theory (from “easy” to hard…) “Exploring the quantum”, S. Haroche and J‐M. Raimond Cambridge “Quantum compung and entanglement”, D. Bruss and C. Machiavello Les Houches summer school 2009 (Singapore) “Experimental procedures for entanglement verificaon”, PRA 75, 052318 (2007) “Entanglement in many body system”, RMP 80, 517 (2008) Experimental papers on quanficaon of entanglement Q.A. Turchee et al., PRL 81, 3631 (1998) C.A. Sacke et al., Nature 404, 256 (2000) D. Leibfried et al., Nature 438, 639 (2005) Review on Rydberg and QIP Saffman RMP 82, 2313 (2010) Outline 1. Basics of entanglement 2. Entanglement and 2‐atom gate using Rybderg blockade Trapping two atoms in tweezers: well‐defined geometry Dipole trap A lens Atom B 2 – 20 µm Atom A Vacuum See talk YEA H. Labuhn Dipole trap B One counter / atom A & B Atom A Fluorescence (780 nm) Atom B Two‐photon Rydberg excitaon (87Rb): well‐defined states 58d3/2 F = 3 σ+, 475 nm 297 nm Δ =720 MHz 5p1/2 F = 2 π, 795 nm See talk YEA H. Labuhn 5s1/2 Detect atom loss = Rydberg not trapped Miroshnychenko et al., PRA 82, 023623 (2010) vdW interacon between 2 atoms 2 atoms A and B with states ns, (n‐1)p and np; distance R np, (n‐1)p δ(n) ns, ns |ns,ns〉’ Ex.: n = 60 δ= 5‐10 GHz, ⇒ 3 C3/R ≈ 100 MHz In the vdW approximaon: shi of |r,r〉 only… A note on vdW interacon between 2 atoms: role of symetry There are 3 two‐atom states! np, (n‐1)p (n‐1)p, np δ(n) ns, ns A note on vdW interacon between 2 atoms: role of symetry There are 3 two‐atom states! δ(n) 0 ns, ns A note on vdW interacon between 2 atoms: role of symetry There are 3 two‐atom states! δ(n) ns, ns Sll two‐state model, but: 6 Typical interacon strength: C6(43s) ≈ ‐ 2.4 GHz.µm 6 C6(53d) ≈ 15 GHz.µm 6 C6(82d) ≈ 8500 GHz.µm ⇒ Vvdw ~ 1 ‐ 100 MHz for R ~ few µm Rydberg blockade: “addressable” version (U. Wisconsin) 2E |r ,r R A B〉 A B E |rA,gB〉 |gA,rB〉 2 atom energy 0 |gA,gB〉 Rydberg blockade: “addressable” version (U. Wisconsin) |rA,rB〉 2E R A B E |rA,gB〉 |gA,rB〉 2 atom energy 0 |gA,gB〉 Rydberg blockade: “addressable” version (U. Wisconsin) |rA,rB〉 2E R A B E |rA,gB〉 |gA,rB〉 2 atom energy Oscillaon of atom B 0 |gA,gB〉 E. Urban et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 110 (2009) 90d5/2 Rydberg blockade: “addressable” version (U. Wisconsin) |rA,rB〉 2E R A B E |rA,gB〉 |gA,rB〉 2 atom energy Oscillaon of atom B 0 |gA,gB〉 E. Urban et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 110 (2009) 90d5/2 Rydberg blockade: “addressable” version The “blockade radius” picture Rabi formula: |rB〉 VvdW Defines Rb: Pr,max |gB〉 Atome B when A in |rA〉 R Blockade alone does not provide entanglement : need indisnguishability w/r excitaon ⇒ collecve excitaon Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) A |r ,r A B〉 R 2E B E |rA,gB〉 |gA,rB〉 2 atom energy 0 |gA,gB〉 Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) A |r ,r A B〉 R 2E B E 2 atom energy 0 |gA,gB〉 Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) A |r ,r A B〉 R 2E B E 2 atom energy 0 |gA,gB〉 Recall (RW approx.): Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) A |r ,r A B〉 R 2E B 0 E 2 atom energy 0 0 |gA,gB〉 Recall (RW approx.): Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) A Collecve 2‐level system R 2E B E 2 atom energy 0 1.0 |gA,gB〉 0.8 0.6 0.4 A. Gaëtan et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 115 (2009) Excitation probability 0.2 0.0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 Duration of the excitation (ns) Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) A Collecve 2‐level system R 2E B E 2 atom energy 0 1.0 |gA,gB〉 0.8 0.6 0.4 A. Gaëtan et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 115 (2009) Excitation probability 0.2 0.0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 Duration of the excitation (ns) Rydberg blockade: collecve excitaon (IO Palaiseau) If rA and rB fluctuate from shot‐to‐shot: not entangled!! 2E E 2 atom energy 0 1.0 |gA,gB〉 0.8 0.6 0.4 A. Gaëtan et al., Nat. Phys. 5, 115 (2009) Excitation probability 0.2 0.0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 Duration of the excitation (ns) Entangled of two atoms using the Rydberg blockade Collecve excitaon version rA rB 4 µm A B ⇒ with If atomic moon frozen ⇒ Analyzing entanglement Measure the density matrix Extract the fidelity Raman rotaon: check coherence of the superposion 100 Δ 5p1/2 80 60 795 nm 40 Population in F = 1 (%) 20 |↑〉 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Duration of Raman pulse (µs) |↓〉 Global rotaon on the two atoms: 2 × ΩRaman ⇒ Rotaon ⇒ transformes coherence into populaon Measurement of entanglement 0.5 t) 0.4 Ram Ω 11 ( ↓↓ 0.3 0.2 Probability P 0.1 Probability P 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 ΩRamt / 2π Measurement of entanglement 0.5 t) 0.4 Ram Ω 11 ( ↓↓ 0.3 0.2 Probability P 0.1 Probability P 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 ΩRamt / 2π Details in Gaëtan et al., NJP 12, 065040 (2010) Atom losses during the entangling sequence Entangling sequence Losses 38% Pairs of atoms 62% Ftotal = 0.46 Fpairs = Ftot / 0.62 Etc… Etc… Pairs of atoms Losses Fpairs = 0.75 ± 0.07 Paral state reconstrucon and error budget State prepared: Aer loss correcon: Error budget Fpairs = 0.75: Imperfect blockade 0.12 Technical (laser stability, sp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rydberg Atom Quantum Technologies
    Topical Review Rydberg atom quantum technologies C. S. Adams1, J. D. Pritchard2, J. P. Shaffer3 1 Department of Physics, Durham University, Rochester Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK 2 Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK 3 Quantum Valley Ideas Laboratories, 485 West Graham Way, Waterloo, ON N2L 0A7, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This topical review addresses how Rydberg atoms can serve as building blocks for emerging quantum technologies. Whereas the fabrication of large numbers of artificial quantum systems with the uniformity required for the most attractive applications is difficult if not impossible, atoms provide stable quantum systems which, for the same species and isotope, are all identical. Whilst atomic ground-states provide scalable quantum objects, their applications are limited by the range over which their properties can be varied. In contrast, Rydberg atoms offer strong and controllable atomic interactions that can be tuned by selecting states with different principal quantum number or orbital angular momentum. In addition Rydberg atoms are comparatively long-lived, and the large number of available energy levels and their separations allow coupling to electromagnetic fields spanning over 6 orders of magnitude in frequency. These features make Rydberg atoms highly desirable for developing new quantum technologies. After giving a brief introduction to how the properties of Rydberg atoms can be tuned, we give several examples of current areas where the unique advantages of Rydberg atom systems are being exploited to enable new applications in quantum computing, electromagnetic field sensing, and quantum optics. arXiv:1907.09231v2 [physics.atom-ph] 28 Aug 2019 Rydberg atom quantum technologies 2 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1601.04086V1 [Physics.Atom-Ph] 15 Jan 2016
    Transition Rates for a Rydberg Atom Surrounded by a Plasma Chengliang Lin, Christian Gocke and Gerd R¨opke Universit¨atRostock, Institut f¨urPhysik, 18051 Rostock, Germany Heidi Reinholz Universit¨atRostock, Institut f¨urPhysik, 18051 Rostock, Germany and University of Western Australia School of Physics, WA 6009 Crawley, Australia (Dated: June 22, 2021) We derive a quantum master equation for an atom coupled to a heat bath represented by a charged particle many-body environment. In Born-Markov approximation, the influence of the plasma en- vironment on the reduced system is described by the dynamical structure factor. Expressions for the profiles of spectral lines are obtained. Wave packets are introduced as robust states allowing for a quasi-classical description of Rydberg electrons. Transition rates for highly excited Rydberg levels are investigated. A circular-orbit wave packet approach has been applied, in order to describe the localization of electrons within Rydberg states. The calculated transition rates are in a good agreement with experimental data. PACS number(s): 03.65.Yz, 32.70.Jz, 32.80.Ee, 52.25.Tx I. INTRODUCTION Open quantum systems have been a fascinating area of research because of its ability to describe the transition from the microscopic to the macroscopic world. The appearance of the classicality in a quantum system, i.e. the loss of quantum informations of a quantum system can be described by decoherence resulting from the interaction of an open quantum system with its surroundings [1, 2]. An interesting example for an open quantum system interacting with a plasma environment are highly excited atoms, so-called Rydberg states, characterized by a large main quantum number.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward Quantum Simulation with Rydberg Atoms Thanh Long Nguyen
    Study of dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms : toward quantum simulation with Rydberg atoms Thanh Long Nguyen To cite this version: Thanh Long Nguyen. Study of dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms : toward quantum simulation with Rydberg atoms. Physics [physics]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2016. English. NNT : 2016PA066695. tel-01609840 HAL Id: tel-01609840 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01609840 Submitted on 4 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. DÉPARTEMENT DE PHYSIQUE DE L’ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE LABORATOIRE KASTLER BROSSEL THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Spécialité : PHYSIQUE QUANTIQUE Study of dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms Toward quantum simulation with Rydberg atoms présentée par Thanh Long NGUYEN pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Soutenue le 18/11/2016 devant le jury composé de : Dr. Michel BRUNE Directeur de thèse Dr. Thierry LAHAYE Rapporteur Pr. Shannon WHITLOCK Rapporteur Dr. Bruno LABURTHE-TOLRA Examinateur Pr. Jonathan HOME Examinateur Pr. Agnès MAITRE Examinateur To my parents and my brother To my wife and my daughter ii Acknowledgement “Voici mon secret.
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Rydberg Atom
    Artificial Rydberg Atom Yong S. Joe Center for Computational Nanoscience Department of Physics and Astronomy Ball State University Muncie, IN 47306 Vanik E. Mkrtchian Institute for Physical Research Armenian Academy of Sciences Ashtarak-2, 378410 Republic of Armenia Sun H. Lee Center for Computational Nanoscience Department of Physics and Astronomy Ball State University Muncie, IN 47306 Abstract We analyze bound states of an electron in the field of a positively charged nanoshell. We find that the binding and excitation energies of the system decrease when the radius of the nanoshell increases. We also show that the ground and the first excited states of this system have remarkably the same properties of the highly excited Rydberg states of a hydrogen-like atom i.e. a high sensitivity to the external perturbations and long radiative lifetimes. Keywords: charged nanoshell, Rydberg states. PACS: 73.22.-f , 73.21.La, 73.22.Dj. 1 I. Introduction The study of nanophysics has stimulated a new class of problem in quantum mechanics and developed new numerical methods for finding solutions of many-body problems [1]. Especially, enormous efforts have been focused on the investigations of nanosystems where electronic confinement leads to the quantization of electron energy. Modern nanoscale technologies have made it possible to create an artificial quantum confinement with a few electrons in different geometries. Recently, there has been a discussion about the possibility of creating a new class of spherical artificial atoms, using charged dielectric nanospheres which exhibit charge localization on the exterior of the nanosphere [2]. In addition, it was reported by Han et al [3] that the charged gold nanospheres were coated on the outer surface of the microshells.
    [Show full text]
  • Calculation of Rydberg Interaction Potentials
    Tutorial Calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials Sebastian Weber,1, ∗ Christoph Tresp,2, 3 Henri Menke,4 Alban Urvoy,2, 5 Ofer Firstenberg,6 Hans Peter B¨uchler,1 and Sebastian Hofferberth2, 3, † 1Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universit¨atStuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 25. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universit¨at Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 3Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark 4Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 5Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 6Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (Dated: June 7, 2017) The strong interaction between individual Rydberg atoms provides a powerful tool exploited in an ever-growing range of applications in quantum information science, quantum simulation, and ultracold chemistry. One hallmark of the Rydberg interaction is that both its strength and angular dependence can be fine-tuned with great flexibility by choosing appropriate Rydberg states and applying external electric and magnetic fields. More and more experiments are probing this interaction at short atomic distances or with such high precision that perturbative calculations as well as restrictions to the leading dipole-dipole interaction term are no longer sufficient. In this tutorial, we review all relevant aspects of the full calculation of Rydberg interaction potentials. We discuss the derivation of the interaction Hamiltonian from the electrostatic multipole expansion, numerical and analytical methods for calculating the required electric multipole moments, and the inclusion of electromagnetic fields with arbitrary direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlled Long-Range Interactions Between Rydberg Atoms and Ions
    Controlled long-range interactions between Rydberg atoms and ions von Thomas Secker Diplomarbeit in Physik vorgelegt dem Fachbereich Physik, Mathematik und Informatik (FB 08) der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit¨atMainz am 31. M¨arz2016 1. Gutachter: Dr. Ren´eGerritsma 2. Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter van Loock Abstract This thesis is devoted to the study of a novel approach to generate long-range atom-ion interactions. These long-range interactions are suitable to overcome the limitations set by the short-range character of the atom-ion potential in ultracold atom-ion systems putting individual trapping of atoms and ions for interacting systems into experimental reach. An increase in interaction strength over several orders of magnitude can be reached by weakly coupling the atomic ground state to a low lying Rydberg level, since the polarizability and thus the sensitivity of the atom to the ionic field scales with / n7, where n is the principal quantum number. The increased sensitivity along with the increased spacial extent of the wave functions make a detailed analysis including higher order terms in the expansion of the potential fields the atom experiences necessary. In this thesis the simplest possible example is studied in detail, namely an atom trapped in an optical dipole field and an ion trapped in the potential of a quadrupole Paul trap in the atoms close vicinity d ≈ 1 µm, here d denotes the distance of the trap minima. This thesis provides a detailed examination of effects on the Rydberg states, which are then used to derive the interaction potential between the weakly Rydberg admixed atom and the ion.
    [Show full text]
  • Rydberg Atoms in an Oscillating Field: Extracting Classical Motion from Quantum Spectra by Neal W
    Rydberg Atoms in an Oscillating Field: Extracting Classical Motion from Quantum Spectra by Neal W. Spellmeyer B.S., University of Wisconsin, Madison (1992) Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 1998 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1998. All rights reserved. Signature of Author Department ofPhysics December 5, 1997 Certified by Aaniel Kleppner Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by George F. Koster Professor of Physics Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students Rydberg Atoms in an Oscillating Field: Extracting Classical Motion from Quantum Spectra by Neal W. Spellmeyer Submitted to the Department of Physics on December 5, 1997, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the connections between classical and quantum descriptions of Rydberg atoms in external electric fields. The technique of recurrence spectroscopy, in which quantum spectra are measured in a manner that maintains constant classical scaling laws, reveals the actions of the closed orbits in the corresponding classical system. We have extended this technique with the addition of a weak oscillating electric field. The effect of this perturbing field is to systematically weaken recurrences in a manner that reveals the ac dipole moments of the unperturbed orbits, at the frequency of the applied field. We outline a version of closed orbit theory developed to describe these experiments, and show that it is in good agreement with the measurements. The experiments also show good agreement with semiquantal Floquet computations.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Rydberg Atom Lattices in the Presence of Noise and Dissipation
    Dynamics of Rydberg atom lattices in the presence of noise and dissipation D zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt der Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Dresden von Wildan Abdussalam M.Sc. Eingereicht am 19.1.2017 Verteidigt am 07.08.2017 Eingereicht am 19.1.2017 Verteidigt am 07.08.2017 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jan Michael Rost 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Walter Strunz To my family and teachers Abstract The work presented in this dissertation concerns dynamics of Rydberg atom lattices in the presence of noise and dissipation. Rydberg atoms possess a number of exaggerated properties, such as a strong van der Waals interaction. The interplay of that interaction, coherent driving and decoherence leads to intriguing non-equilibrium phenomena. Here, we study the non-equilibrium physics of driven atom lattices in the pres- ence of decoherence caused by either laser phase noise or strong decay. In the Vrst case, we compare between global and local noise and explore their eUect on the number of ex- citations and the full counting statistics. We Vnd that both types of noise give rise to a characteristic distribution of the Rydberg excitation number. The main method employed is the Langevin equation but for the sake of eXciency in certain regimes, we use a Marko- vian master equation and Monte Carlo rate equations, respectively. In the second case, we consider dissipative systems with more general power- law interactions. We determine the phase diagram in the steady state and analyse its generation dynamics using Monte Carlo rate equations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rydberg Molecules and Circular Rydberg States in Cold Atom Clouds
    Rydberg molecules and circular Rydberg states in cold atom clouds by David Alexander Anderson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Applied Physics) in The University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Georg A. Raithel, Chair Professor Luming Duan Professor Alex Kuzmich Thomas Pohl, Max Plank Institute for Physics Associate Professor Vanessa Sih ⃝c David A. Anderson 2015 All Rights Reserved For my family ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I have to thank my advisor Georg Raithel for his continued support, patience, and encouragement during the completion of this dissertation and throughout my time working in the Raithel group. Without his insights, direction, and deep understanding of the subject matter, none of it would have been possible. His enthusiasm for research and insatiable curiosity have been an inspiration in the years I have been fortunate to have spent under his wing. Thank you Georg for giving me the opportunity to learn from you. Over the years I have had the pleasure of working with many former and current members of the Raithel group from whom I have learned a great deal. Many thanks to Sarah Anderson, Yun-Jhih Chen, Lu´ıs Felipe Gon¸calves, Cornelius Hempel, Jamie MacLennan, Stephanie Miller, Kaitlin Moore, Eric Paradis, Erik Power, Andira Ramos, Rachel Sapiro, Andrew Schwarzkopf, Nithiwadee Thaicharoen (Pound), Mallory Traxler, and Kelly Younge, for making my time in the Raithel group such an enjoyable experience. Thank you to my committee members, Georg Raithel, Thomas Pohl, Vanessa Sih, Alex Kuzmich, and Luming Duan, for your support and willingness to serve on my committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Rydberg Atoms in Strong Fields: a Testing Ground for Quantum Chaos by Michael Courtney
    Rydberg Atoms in Strong Fields: A Testing Ground for Quantum Chaos by Michael Courtney B.S., summa cum laude, Louisiana State University, (1989) Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 1995 () Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1995. All rights reserved. Signat.ire of Author - - A - _ _ _ /-1 . Department of Physics November 10, 1994 . I - I ' Certified by. - -%=. f; - - I Daniel Kleppner Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics Thesis Supervisor C Accepted by _ ... , George F. Koster Professor of Physics Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students Science MtSSCHtU.e;Ti !',,NSTITI i T M.R 02 1995 Rydberg Atoms in Strong Fields: A Testing Ground for Quantum Chaos by Michael Courtney Submitted to the Department of Physics on November 10, 1994, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Rydberg atoms in strong static electric and magnetic fields provide experimentally accessible systems for studying the connections between classical chaos and quantum mechanics in the semiclassical limit. This experimental accessibility has motivated the development of reliable quantum mechanical solutions. This thesis uses both ex- perimental and computed quantum spectra to test the central approaches to quantum chaos. These central approaches consist mainly of developing methods to compute the spectra of quantum systems in non-perturbative regimes, correlating statistical descriptions of eigenvalues with the classical behavior of the same Hamiltonian, and the development of semiclassical methods such as periodic-orbit theory. Particular emphasis is given to identifying the spectral signature of recurrences-quantum wave packets which follow classical orbits.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Physics and Quantum Information with Atoms, Photons, Electrical Circuits, and Spins Patrice Bertet
    Quantum Physics and Quantum Information with Atoms, Photons, Electrical Circuits, and Spins Patrice Bertet To cite this version: Patrice Bertet. Quantum Physics and Quantum Information with Atoms, Photons, Electrical Circuits, and Spins. Quantum Physics [quant-ph]. Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 2014. tel-01095616 HAL Id: tel-01095616 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01095616 Submitted on 15 Dec 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Universite´ Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Memoire´ d'Habilitation a` Diriger des Recherches Quantum Physics and Quantum Information with Atoms, Photons, Electrical Circuits, and Spins pr´esent´epar: Patrice BERTET (Groupe Quantronique, SPEC, CEA Saclay) soutenu au CEA Saclay le 17 juin 2014 devant le jury compos´ede Pr. Daniel ESTEVE Examinateur Pr. Ronald HANSON Rapporteur Pr. Hans MOOIJ Examinateur Pr. Jean-Michel RAIMOND Examinateur Pr. Andreas WALLRAFF Rapporteur Pr. Wolfgang WERNSDORFER Rapporteur Contents 1 Introduction: From quantum paradoxes to quantum devices 3 1.1 The second quantum revolution . 3 1.2 From cavity to circuit QED . 4 1.3 Circuit QED with Superconducting Qubits . 5 1.4 Hybrid Quantum Circuits . 5 2 From Cavity QED to Circuit QED 7 2.1 Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Rydberg atoms .
    [Show full text]
  • Coupling Rydberg Atoms to Microwave Fields in A
    Coupling Rydberg atoms to microwave fields in a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator A. A. Morgan and S. D. Hogan Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom (Dated: September 21, 2020) Rydberg helium atoms traveling in pulsed supersonic beams have been coupled to microwave fields in a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator. The atoms were initially prepared in 3 3 the 1s55s S1 Rydberg level by two-color two-photon laser excitation from the metastable 1s2s S1 3 3 level. Two-photon microwave transitions between the 1s55s S1 and 1s56s S1 levels were then driven by the 19.556 GHz third-harmonic microwave field in a quarter-wave CPW resonator. This superconducting microwave resonator was fabricated from niobium nitride on a silicon substrate and operated at temperatures between 3.65 and 4.30 K. The populations of the Rydberg levels in the experiments were determined by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization. The coherence of the atom-resonator coupling was studied by time-domain measurements of Rabi oscillations. Hybrid quantum systems, composed of individual com- ronments. These studies were performed using helium ponents with complementary characteristics, e.g., coher- (He) atoms to minimize adsorption, and associated time- ence times, state manipulation rates, available transition dependent changes in stray electric fields emanating from frequencies, or scalability, are of interest in a range of ar- the surfaces [12]. Subsequently, proposals were put for- eas, from quantum computation and communication to ward to implement quantum gates [13, 14], quantum- quantum sensing (see, e.g., Refs. [1{3]).
    [Show full text]