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American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, 5

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American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, 5 Index A lesser occipital nerve, 40 sternohyoid muscle, 39 levator scapulae muscle, 42 sternothyroid muscle, 39 American Academy of lingual artery, 47, 52 strap muscles, 37 Otolaryngology — Head and lingual nerve, 46 stylohyoid muscle, 45 Neck Surgery, 5 lingual vein, 47, 49 stylomandibular ligament, 48 American approach to neck lymphatics, 26 sublingual artery, 47 dissection, 1 deep, 26 submandibular ganglion, 48 American Society for Head and Neck deep anterior chain, 28 submandibular gland, 47 Surgery, 5 internal jugular chain, 26 submandibular nodes, 26 Anatomy jugular trunk, 28 submandibular triangle, 33, 45 ansa cervicalis, 40 left thoracic duct, 28 submental nodes, 26 anterior jugular nodes, 26 right lymphatic duct, 28 submental triangle, 33 anterior jugular vein, 36 spinal accessory chain, 28 superficial temporal artery, 52 anterior triangle, 33 superficial, 26 superior laryngeal artery, 52 ascending pharyngeal artery, 52 transverse cervical chain, 28 superior thyroid artery, 52 brachial plexus, 44 marginal nerve, 40, 48 superior thyroid veins, 49 brachiocephalic trunk, 50 mastoid nodes, 26 supraclavicular nerve, 40 carotid artery, 50 maxillary artery, 52 surgical, 35 carotid sheath, 24, 49 middle thyroid vein, 49 sympathetic trunk, 54 carotid sinus, 50 muscular triangle, 35 thyrohyoid muscle, 39 carotid triangle, 35 mylohyoid muscle, 45 thyrolinguofacial trunk, 49 cervical fascia, 23 nodal groups, 28 topographic, 33 deep, 24 disadvantages, 31 vagus nerve, 50, 53 superficial, 24 subzones, 30 Anesthesia, 64 cervical plexus, 39 occipital artery, 52 Ansa cervicalis, 39, 123 chorda tympani nerve, 47 occipital nodes, 26 surgical anatomy, 40 cricothyroid artery, 52 occipital triangle, 35 Ansa hypoglossi. See Ansa cervicalis deep cervical fascia omoclavicular triangle, 35 Anterior jugular nodes, 26 deep layer, 24 omohyoid muscle, 39 Anterior jugular vein superficial layer, 24 parotid nodes, 26 division, 100 Delphian node, 28 phrenic nerve, 44 ligation, 77 digastric muscle, 45 platysma muscle, 35 surgical anatomy, 36 external carotid artery, 51 Poirier’s node, 28 Anterior neck dissection, 56 external jugular nodes, 26 posterior auricular artery, 52 Anterior scalene muscle external jugular vein, 36, 110 posterior triangle, 35, 41 surgical anatomy, 42 facial artery, 52 recurrent laryngeal nerve, 54 Anterior triangle facial vein, 48, 49 retropharyngeal nodes, 28 topographic anatomy, 33 geniohyoid muscle, 45 scalene muscles, 42 Apron flap, 68 great auricular nerve, 40 skin Area VI hypoglossal nerve, 46, 48 vascular supply, 35 surgical limits, 102 inferior petrosal sinus, 49 spinal accessory nerve, 43 Artery infrahyoid artery, 52 splenius capitis muscle, 41 ascending cervical internal carotid artery, 50 sternocleidomastoid artery, 52 surgery, 120 internal jugular vein, 49 sternocleidomastoid muscle, ascending pharyngeal Ku¨ ttner’s node, 28 41, 49 surgical anatomy, 52 155 156 FUNCTIONAL AND SELECTIVE NECK DISSECTION Artery (cont.) Carotid sinus Conley carotid surgical anatomy, 50 skin incision, 69 surgical anatomy, 50 Carotid triangle Cricothyroid artery cricothyroid topographic anatomy, 35 surgical anatomy, 52 surgical anatomy, 52 Central compartment Crile, George, 1 external carotid dissection, 101 surgical anatomy, 51 surgical limits, 102 D facial Cerebral edema surgery, 79–80 complications, 135 Deep anterior chain, 28 surgical anatomy, 52 Cervical fascia Deep cervical fascia, 24 infrahyoid carotid sheath, 24 Deep lymphatics, 26 surgical anatomy, 52 deep, 24 anterior chain, 28 internal carotid deep layer, 24 internal jugular chain, 26 surgical anatomy, 50 prevertebral layer, 24 retropharyngeal nodes, 28 lingual superficial layer, 24 spinal accessory chain, 28 surgical anatomy, 47, 52 surgery, 92 transverse cervical chain, 28 maxillary superficial, 24 Delphian node, 28 surgical anatomy, 52 Cervical plexus Digastric muscle occipital connections to spinal accessory surgery, 115 surgery, 86 nerve, 77, 123 surgical anatomy, 45 surgical anatomy, 52 deep branches, 94 Dissection posterior auricular superficial branches, 39 blunt surgical anatomy, 52 surgery, 90, 94, 123 supraclavicular fossa, 90 sternocleidomastoid surgical anatomy, 123 sharp, 107 surgery, 86 Chorda tympany nerve Duct surgical anatomy, 52 surgical anatomy, 47 right lymphatic sublingual Chylous leak, 129, 133 chylous leak, 130 surgical anatomy, 47 conservative management, 133 surgery, 98 superficial temporal Classification submandibular surgical anatomy, 52 American Academy, 7 surgery, 80 superior laryngeal other, 7 thoracic surgical anatomy, 52 personal approach, 60 ligation, 130 superior thyroid Clinical evaluation surgery, 98, 129 surgery, 100 imaging techniques, 9 surgical repair, 130, 133 surgical anatomy, 52 negative neck, 8 Wharton’s transverse cervical Complications surgery, 80 surgery, 92, 120 general, 137 Ascending cervical artery pneumonia, 138 E surgery, 120 pulmonary, 138 Economic factors Ascending pharyngeal artery pulmonary embolism, 138 and neck dissection in the US, 6, surgical anatomy, 52 pulmonary insufficiency, 138 10 Atlas stress ulcer, 138 Elective neck dissection, 8 transverse process local, 131 Erb’s point, 39, 43, 75, 86, 90, 92, 110, surgical landmark, 77 chylous leak, 133 118, 120, 136 hematoma, 131 Extended neck dissection, 57 infection, 131, 132 B External carotid artery pharyngocutaneous fistula, 131, Bleeding, 133 surgical anatomy, 51 134 Blunt dissection External jugular nodes, 26 serohematoma, 131 supraclavicular fossa, 90 External jugular vein seroma, 131 surgical steps, 107 division, 82, 110, 113 wound dehiscence, 132 Brachial plexus ligation, 90 neural, 135 surgery, 92 surgical anatomy, 36, 110 hypoglossal nerve, 136 surgical anatomy, 44 marginal nerve, 137 Brachiocephalic trunk phrenic nerve, 136 F surgical anatomy, 50 spinal accessory nerve, 135 Facial artery sympathetic trunk, 137 division, 79–80 C vagus nerve, 137 surgery, 79 Carotid artery vascular, 133 surgical anatomy, 52 surgical anatomy, 50 bleeding, 133 Facial vein Carotid sheath blowout, 134 division, 113 dissection, 94 cerebral edema, 135 surgery, 98, 101 surgical anatomy, 49 hemorrhage, 133 surgical anatomy, 48–49 INDEX 157 Fascia Hematoma, 131 L carotid sheath, 24, 49 Hemorrhage, 133 La Paz Hospital, 16 deep cervical, 24 postoperative Lateral neck dissection, 56 deep layer, 24 identification, 134 Latin approach superficial layer, 24 management, 134 to neck dissection, 15 prevertebral layer, 24 sources, 133 Left thoracic duct, 28 superficial cervical, 24 Hypoglossal nerve Lesser occipital nerve Fascial anatomy, 23 complications, 136 surgical anatomy, 40 Fascial system, 57 relations to lingual veins, 116 Levator scapulae muscle Functional neck dissection surgery, 80, 83, 115 innervation, 42 after radiotherapy, 141 surgical anatomy, 46, 48 surgery, 86 bilateral, 142 innervation, 123 borderline cases, 142 surgical anatomy, 42 conceptual approach, 57 I Level I, 28 evolution, 20 Imaging techniques, 9 removal, 77 indications, 61 Incision Level II, 30 internal jugular vein apron flap, 68 surgery bilateral resection, 142–143 Conley, 69 relation to level V, 85 contacting nodes, 143 double-Y, 68 Level III, 30 limitations, 62 Gluck, 68 Level IV, 30 open biopsy, 141 H incision, 69 Level V, 30 origins, 17 Hayes Martin, 68 surgery rationale, 17, 23 Mac Fee, 69 relation to level II, 85 relation to selective neck dissection, Schobinger, 69 Level VI, 30 58 single-Y, 69 dissection, 101 salvage procedure, 141 skin, 67 surgical limits, 102 staging the operation, 142–143 tracheostomy, 68 Level VII, 30 surgical technique, 19, 63 Y, 69 Ligament Infection, 131 stylomandibular surgery, 82 G symptoms, 132 Inferior petrosal sinus surgical anatomy, 48 Ganglion surgical anatomy, 49 Lingual artery inferior sympathetic cervical Infrahyoid artery surgical anatomy, 47, 52 surgical anatomy, 54 surgical anatomy, 52 Lingual nerve middle sympathetic cervical Innervation surgery, 79 surgical anatomy, 54 shoulder, 116 surgical anatomy, 46 submandibular Internal carotid artery Lingual vein surgical anatomy, 48 surgical anatomy, 50 surgery, 98 superior sympathetic cervical Internal jugular lymphatic chain, 26 surgical anatomy, 47, 49 surgical anatomy, 54 Internal jugular vein Lingual veins General complications, 137 initial folds, 98, 126 relations to hypoglossal nerve, 116 Geniohyoid muscle knife dissection, 126 surgery, 83 surgical anatomy, 45 lower fold, 127 surgical management, 136 Gland relations to spinal accessory nerve, Local complications, 131 submandibular 84, 118, 136 Lymph node groups, 10 preservation, 113 surgery Lymphatic chains, 26 surgical anatomy, 47 danger points, 98, 126 Lymphatic drainage surgical approach, 77 surgical anatomy, 49 normal, 55 Glands upper fold, 127 Lymphatics parathyroid deep, 26 surgery, 104 anterior chain, 28 Gluck J internal jugular chain, 26 skin incision, 68 retropharyngeal nodes, 28 Great auricular nerve Jugular lymphatic trunk, 28 spinal accessory chain, 28 surgery, 110 transverse cervical chain, 28 surgical anatomy, 40 major ducts, 28 K jugular trunk, 28 Knife dissection, 72, 107 right lymphatic duct, 28 H basic principles, 107 thoracic duct, 28 H surgical steps, 107 superficial, 26 skin incision, 69 Kocher’s vein anterior jugular nodes, 26 Hayes Martin surgery, 101 external jugular nodes, 26 skin incision, 68 Ku¨ ttner’s node, 28 mastoid nodes, 26 158 FUNCTIONAL AND SELECTIVE NECK DISSECTION Lymphatics (cont.) sternohyoid, 39 lateral, 56 occipital nodes, 26 sternothyroid, 39 oncological safety, 59 parotid nodes, 26 stylohyoid personal experience, 59 submandibular nodes, 26 surgery,
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