Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 86/Thursday, May 6, 2021/Rules and Regulations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 86/Thursday, May 6, 2021/Rules and Regulations Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 86 / Thursday, May 6, 2021 / Rules and Regulations 24359 notice of proposed LOA in the Federal Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Angling Category Large Medium and Register, including the associated Commerce. Giant Gulf of Mexico ‘‘Trophy’’ Fishery analysis of the change, and solicit Closure ACTION: Temporary rule, closure. public comment before issuing the LOA. The 2021 BFT fishing year, which is (c) An LOA issued under § 216.106 of SUMMARY: NMFS closes the Angling managed on a calendar-year basis and this chapter and § 218.7 for the activity category Gulf of Mexico area incidental subject to an annual calendar-year identified in § 218.1(a) may be modified trophy fishery for large medium and quota, began January 1, 2021. The by NMFS under the following giant (‘‘trophy’’ (i.e., measuring 73 Angling category season opened January circumstances: inches (185 cm) curved fork length or 1, 2021, and continues through (1) NMFS may modify (including greater)) Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT). December 31, 2021. The current Angling augment) the existing mitigation, This action is being taken to prevent category quota is 232.4 metric tons (mt), monitoring, or reporting measures (after further overharvest of the Angling of which 5.3 mt is allocated for the consulting with Navy regarding the category Gulf of Mexico incidental harvest of large medium and giant practicability of the modifications) if trophy BFT subquota. (trophy) BFT by vessels fishing under doing so creates a reasonable likelihood the Angling category quota, with 1.8 mt DATES: Effective 11:30 p.m., local time, of more effectively accomplishing the allocated for each of the following areas: goals of the mitigation and monitoring May 4, 2021, through December 31, ° 2021. North of 39 18’ N. lat. (off Great Egg set forth in the preamble for these Inlet, NJ); south of 39°18’ N. lat. and regulations. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: outside the Gulf of Mexico (the (i) Possible sources of data that could Larry Redd, Jr., [email protected], ‘‘southern area’’); and in the Gulf of contribute to the decision to modify the 301–427–8503, Nicholas Velseboer, Mexico. Per § 635.27(a)(2)(iii), the Gulf mitigation, monitoring, or reporting [email protected], 978–675– of Mexico region includes all waters of measures in a LOA: 2168, or Lauren Latchford, the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (A) Results from Navy’s monitoring [email protected], 301–427– west and north of the boundary from previous years; 8503. stipulated at § 600.105(c). Trophy BFT (B) Results from other marine measure 73 inches (185 cm) curved fork mammal and/or sound research or SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Atlantic length or greater. studies; highly migratory species (HMS) Based on reported landings from the (C) Any information that reveals fisheries, including BFT fisheries, are NMFS Automated Catch Reporting marine mammals may have been taken managed under the authority of the System, NMFS has determined that the in a manner, extent or number not Atlantic Tunas Convention Act (ATCA; codified Angling category Gulf of authorized by these regulations or 16 U.S.C. 971 et seq.) and the Mexico trophy BFT subquota of 1.8 mt subsequent LOAs; and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery has been reached and exceeded and that (ii) If, through adaptive management, Conservation and Management Act a closure of the Gulf of Mexico the modifications to the mitigation, (Magnuson-Stevens Act; 16 U.S.C. 1801 incidental trophy BFT fishery is monitoring, or reporting measures are et seq.). The 2006 Consolidated Atlantic warranted. Therefore, retaining, substantial, NMFS will publish a notice HMS Fishery Management Plan (FMP) possessing, or landing large medium or of proposed LOA in the Federal and its amendments are implemented giant BFT in the Gulf of Mexico by Register and solicit public comment. by regulations at 50 CFR part 635. persons aboard HMS Angling category (2) If NMFS determines that an Section 635.27 divides the U.S. BFT and the HMS Charter/Headboat emergency exists that poses a significant quota recommended by the permitted vessels (when fishing risk to the well-being of the species or International Commission for the recreationally) must cease at 11:30 p.m. stocks of marine mammals specified in Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) local time on May 4, 2021. This closure a LOA issued pursuant to § 216.106 of and as implemented by the United will remain effective through December this chapter and § 218.7, a LOA may be States among the various domestic 31, 2021. This action is intended to modified without prior notice or fishing categories, per the allocations prevent further overharvest of the opportunity for public comment. Notice established in the 2006 Consolidated Angling category Gulf of Mexico would be published in the Federal Atlantic HMS FMP and its amendments. incidental trophy BFT subquota, and is Register within 30 days of the action. NMFS is required under the MSA to taken consistent with the regulations at provide U.S. fishing vessels with a § 218.9 [Reserved] § 635.28(a)(1). NMFS previously closed reasonable opportunity to harvest the 2021 trophy BFT fishery in the [FR Doc. 2021–09512 Filed 5–5–21; 8:45 am] quotas under relevant international southern area on March 1, 2021 (86 FR BILLING CODE 3510–22–P fishery agreements such as the ICCAT 12548, March 4, 2021). Convention, which is implemented If needed, subsequent Angling domestically pursuant to ATCA. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE category adjustments will be published Under § 635.28(a)(1), NMFS publishes in the Federal Register. Information National Oceanic and Atmospheric a closure notice with the Office of the regarding the Angling category fishery Administration Federal Register for publication when a for Atlantic tunas, including daily BFT quota (or subquota) is reached or is retention limits for BFT measuring 27 50 CFR Part 635 projected to be reached. Retaining, inches (68.5 cm) to less than 73 inches possessing, or landing BFT under that and any further Angling category [Docket No. 180117042–8884–02; RTID quota category is prohibited on or after adjustments, is available at 0648–XB001] the effective date and time of a closure hmspermits.noaa.gov or by calling (978) Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; notice for that category, for the 281–9260. HMS Angling category and Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries remainder of the fishing year, until the HMS Charter/Headboat permit holders opening of the relevant subsequent may catch and release (or tag and AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries quota period or until such date as release) BFT of all sizes, subject to the Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and specified. requirements of the catch-and-release VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:26 May 05, 2021 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\06MYR1.SGM 06MYR1 khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with RULES 24360 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 86 / Thursday, May 6, 2021 / Rules and Regulations and tag-and-release programs at magnitude of a potential Angling In this final rule, NMFS is § 635.26. Anglers are also reminded that category overharvest. NMFS must close implementing conservation equivalency all BFT that are released must be the Gulf of Mexico incidental trophy to manage the 2021 summer flounder handled in a manner that will maximize BFT fishery before additional landings recreational fishery, as proposed on survival, and without removing the fish of these sizes of BFT occur. Therefore, April 6, 2021 (86 FR 17764). The from the water, consistent with the AA finds good cause under 5 U.S.C. approval of conservation equivalency requirements at § 635.21(a)(1). For 553(b)(B) to waive prior notice and the means that we are waiving Federal additional information on safe handling, opportunity for public comment. For all summer flounder recreational measures see the ‘‘Careful Catch and Release’’ of the above reasons, there is good cause in Federal waters for all federally brochure available at https:// under 5 U.S.C. 553(d) to waive the 30- permitted summer flounder party/ www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/ day delay in effectiveness. charter vessels, regardless of where they outreach-and-education/careful-catch- Authority: 16 U.S.C. 971 et seq. and 1801 fish. States, through the Commission, and-release-brochure. et seq. are collectively implementing measures HMS Angling category and HMS designed to constrain landings to the Charter/Headboat permitted vessel Dated: May 3, 2021. 2021 recreational harvest limit. Vessels owners are required to report the catch Kelly Denit, fishing in Federal waters and Federal of all BFT retained or discarded dead, Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, party/charter vessels are subject to the within 24 hours of the landing(s) or end National Marine Fisheries Service. regulations in the state they land. These of each trip, by accessing [FR Doc. 2021–09614 Filed 5–3–21; 4:15 pm] measures are consistent with the hmspermits.noaa.gov, using the HMS BILLING CODE 3510–22–P recommendations of the Council and Catch Reporting app, or calling (888) the Commission. Additional 872–8862 (Monday through Friday from information on the development of 8 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.). DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE these measures is provided in the Classification proposed rule and not repeated here. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Conservation equivalency, as NMFS issues this action pursuant to Administration established by Framework Adjustment 2 section 305(d) of the Magnuson-Stevens (66 FR 36208; July 11, 2001), allows Act. This action is consistent with 50 CFR Part 648 each state to establish its own regulations at 50 CFR part 635, which [Docket No. 210503–0094] recreational management measures were issued pursuant to section 304(c) (possession limits, fish size, and fishing of the Magnuson-Stevens Act and the RIN 0648–BK32 seasons) to achieve its state harvest limit Atlantic Tunas Convention Act, and is established by the Commission from the Fisheries of the Northeastern United exempt from review under Executive coastwide recreational harvest limit, as States; Recreational Management Order 12866.
Recommended publications
  • Pleuronectidae, Poecilopsettidae, Achiridae, Cynoglossidae
    1536 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pleuronectidae Witch flounder Range: Both sides of North Atlantic Ocean; in the western North Atlantic from Strait of Belle Isle to Cape Hatteras Habitat: Moderately deep water (mostly 45–330 m), deepest in southern part of range; found on mud, muddy sand or clay substrates Spawning: May–Oct in Gulf of Maine; Apr–Oct on Georges Bank; Feb–Jul Meristic Characters in Middle Atlantic Bight Myomeres: 58–60 Vertebrae: 11–12+45–47=56–59 Eggs: – Pelagic, spherical Early eggs similar in size Dorsal fin rays: 97–117 – Diameter: 1.2–1.6 mm to those of Gadus morhua Anal fin rays: 86–102 – Chorion: smooth and Melanogrammus aeglefinus Pectoral fin rays: 9–13 – Yolk: homogeneous Pelvic fin rays: 6/6 – Oil globules: none Caudal fin rays: 20–24 (total) – Perivitelline space: narrow Larvae: – Hatching occurs at 4–6 mm; eyes unpigmented – Body long, thin and transparent; preanus length (<33% TL) shorter than in Hippoglossoides or Hippoglossus – Head length increases from 13% SL at 6 mm to 22% SL at 42 mm – Body depth increases from 9% SL at 6 mm to 30% SL at 42 mm – Preopercle spines: 3–4 occur on posterior edge, 5–6 on lateral ridge at about 16 mm, increase to 17–19 spines – Flexion occurs at 14–20 mm; transformation occurs at 22–35 mm (sometimes delayed to larger sizes) – Sequence of fin ray formation: C, D, A – P2 – P1 – Pigment intensifies with development: 6 bands on body and fins, 3 major, 3 minor (see table below) Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Hippoglossoides platessoides Total myomeres 58–60 44–47 Preanus length <33%TL >35%TL Postanal pigment bars 3 major, 3 minor 3 with light scattering between Finfold pigment Bars extend onto finfold None Flexion size 14–20 mm 9–19 mm Ventral pigment Scattering anterior to anus Line from anus to isthmus Early Juvenile: Occurs in nursery habitats on continental slope E.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Choice of Different Size Classes of Flounder (Platichthys Flesus ) In
    Food choice of different size classes of flounder ( Platichthys flesus ) in the Baltic Sea Jennie Ljungberg Degree project in biology, Master of science (2 years), 2014 Examensarbete i biologi 30 hp till masterexamen, 2014 Biology Education Centre Supervisor: Bertil Widbom Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4 Flounders in the Baltic Sea .................................................................................................................. 5 The diet of flounders ........................................................................................................................... 6 Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) ............................................................................................................... 7 Blue mussels in the Baltic Sea............................................................................................................. 8 The nutritive value of blue mussels ..................................................................................................... 9 The condition of flounders in the Baltic Sea ....................................................................................... 9 Aims .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Flounder
    Maine 2015 Wildlife Action Plan Revision Report Date: January 13, 2016 Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter Flounder) Priority 2 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes) Order: Pleuronectiformes (Flatfish) Family: Pleuronectidae (Righteye Flounders) General comments: Maine DMR jurisdiction; W Atlantic specialist = LB-GA No Species Conservation Range Maps Available for Winter Flounder SGCN Priority Ranking - Designation Criteria: Risk of Extirpation: NA State Special Concern or NMFS Species of Concern: NA Recent Significant Declines: Winter Flounder is currently undergoing steep population declines, which has already led to, or if unchecked is likely to lead to, local extinction and/or range contraction. Notes: ASMFC Stock Assess, 30yr, and DFO. 2012. Assessment of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO Div. 4T). DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2012/016. Regional Endemic: NA High Regional Conservation Priority: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Stock Assessments: Status: Unstable/Decreasing, Status Comment: Reference: High Climate Change Vulnerability: NA Understudied rare taxa: NA Historical: NA Culturally Significant: NA Habitats Assigned to Winter Flounder: Formation Name Subtidal Macrogroup Name Subtidal Coarse Gravel Bottom Habitat System Name: Coarse Gravel **Primary Habitat** Notes: adult spawning Habitat System Name: Kelp Bed Notes: juvenile Macrogroup Name Subtidal Mud Bottom Habitat System Name: Submerged Aquatic
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5: Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
    Ocean Special Area Management Plan Chapter 5: Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Table of Contents 500 Introduction.............................................................................................................................9 510 Marine Fisheries Resources in the Ocean SAMP Area.....................................................12 510.1 Species Included in this Chapter ..........................................................................12 510.1.1 Species important to commercial and recreational fisheries.....................12 510.1.2 Forage fish ................................................................................................15 510.1.3 Threatened and endangered species and species of concern ....................15 510.2 Life History, Habitat, and Fishery of Commercially and Recreationally Important Species............................................................................................................17 510.2.1 American lobster.......................................................................................17 510.2.2 Atlantic bonito ..........................................................................................19 510.2.3 Atlantic cod...............................................................................................20 510.2.4 Atlantic herring .........................................................................................21 510.2.5 Atlantic mackerel......................................................................................23 510.2.6 Atlantic
    [Show full text]
  • Pictorial Guide to the Gill Arches of Gadids and Pleuronectids in The
    Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AFSC PROCESSED REPORT 91.15 Pictorial Guide to the G¡ll Arches of Gadids and Pleuronectids in the Eastern Bering Sea May 1991 This report does not const¡Ute a publicalion and is for lnformation only. All data herein are to be considered provisional. ERRATA NOTICE This document is being made available in .PDF format for the convenience of users; however, the accuracy and correctness of the document can only be certified as was presented in the original hard copy format. Inaccuracies in the OCR scanning process may influence text searches of the .PDF file. Light or faded ink in the original document may also affect the quality of the scanned document. Pictorial Guide to the ciII Arches of Gadids and Pleuronectids in the Eastern Beri-ng Sea Mei-Sun Yang Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Se:nrice, NoAÀ 7600 Sand Point Way NE, BIN C15700 Seattle, lÍA 98115-0070 May 1991 11I ABSTRÀCT The strrrctures of the gill arches of three gadids and ten pleuronectids were studied. The purPose of this study is, by using the picture of the gill arches and the pattern of the gi[- rakers, to help the identification of the gadids and pleuronectids found Ín the stomachs of marine fishes in the eastern Bering Sea. INTRODUCTION One purjose of the Fish Food Habits Prograrn of the Resource Ecology and FisherY Managenent Division (REF![) is to estimate predation removals of cornmercially inportant prey species by predatory fish (Livingston et al. 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of the Sole Resources of the Gambia
    Identification of the Sole Resources of The Gambia Gambia-Senegal Sustainable Fisheries Program (Ba Nafaa) December 2011 This publication is available electronically on the Coastal Resources Center’s website at http://www.crc.uri.edu. For more information contact: Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA. Tel: 401) 874-6224; Fax: 401) 789-4670; Email: [email protected] The BaNafaa project is implemented by the Coastal Resources Center of the University of Rhode Island and the World Wide Fund for Nature-West Africa Marine Ecoregion (WWF-WAMER) in partnership with the Department of Fisheries and the Ministry of Fisheries, Water Resources and National Assembly Matters. Citation: Coastal Resources Center, 2011. Identification of the Sole Resources of The Gambia. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, pp.11 Disclaimer: This report was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Cooperative Agreement # 624-A-00-09- 00033-00. Cover Photo: Coastal Resources Center/URI Fisheries Center Photo Credit: Coastal Resources Center/URI Fisheries Center 2 The Sole Resources Proper identification of the species is critical for resource management. There are four major families of flatfish with representative species found in the Gambian nearshore waters: Soleidae, Cynoglossidae, Psettododae and Paralichthyidae. The species below have been confirmed through literature review, and through discussions with local fishermen, processors and the Gambian Department of Fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in Juvenile Plaice and Flounder Otolith Microchemistry from the Inner Danish Waters Elliot J
    Differences in juvenile plaice and flounder otolith microchemistry from the Inner Danish Waters Elliot J. Brown Patrick Reis-Santos Bronwyn M. Gillanders Josianne G. Støttrup Introduction – the wider project Describing juvenile habitat quality for recreationally important fish species of the Inner Danish Waters. 1. [Presence/Absence, Density, Growth] ~ [Physical Factors] + [Biological Factors] VS [Presence/Absence, Density, Growth] ~ [Physical Factors] 2. [Presence/Absence, Density, Growth] ~ [Physical Factors] 3. Apply models to identify potential juvenile habitats European Flounder European Plaice Platichthys flesus Pleuronectes platessa 2 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Juvenile plaice and flounder otolith 12-11-2017 microchemistry from the IDW Introduction – this specific project 4. Can otolith microchemistry be used to correctly assign individuals back to juvenile growth regions across contiguous areas? Vasconcelos et al, 2007 Bailey et al, 2015 Beck et al, 2001 3 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Juvenile plaice and flounder otolith 12-11-2017 microchemistry from the IDW Introduction – this specific project Question 1. • Is there a difference in the levels of different elemental components of sagittal otoliths between hybridising(?) con-familials (flounder and plaice) where they are living together? Question 2. • Is it possible to differentiate between contiguous coastal juvenile habitat areas for plaice using otolith microchemistry? 4 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Juvenile plaice and flounder otolith 12-11-2017 microchemistry from the IDW n = 113 Field Collections n = 37 n = 36 5 DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Juvenile plaice and flounder otolith 12-11-2017 microchemistry from the IDW Field Collections • Fish killed benzocaine at 250g/mL in aerated seawater.
    [Show full text]
  • Flounders Are Flat Fish Which Live on the Sand at the Bottom of the Ocean, Usually in Inlets and Estuaries
    Fall 2013 Newsletter That Time of Year The word autumn first came to be used in the fourteenth century, and it’s usually associated with an end of things, such as the saying, “the autumn of life”. Around here, autumn is the second best season (after all, summer just can’t be beat). During the first part of fall we can still wear flip flops and shorts, and the ocean water is still warm, but the evenings start getting a pleasant chill in the air, and the drive down Ocean Isle Beach Road is ablaze with color. There’s also the OIB Ghost Walk, and the Longwood Haunted Trail to look forward to. For you fishermen out there, the spots and flounder will soon be running. There’s also the Annual OIB Oyster Festival, which will run October 19 and 20. Fall is also the start of the football season. It doesn’t get much better than that. Flounder Flounders are flat fish which live on the sand at the bottom of the ocean, usually in inlets and estuaries. They’re also called Flukes, or Flatfish. They don’t have an air bladder, like most fish, so they can stay on the bottom very easily. They tend to “hide” in the sand by camouflaging their body the color of the sand surrounding them. They do this so well, that a predator could be swimming right next to one and not see it. Flounders are carnivorous, feasting mainly on shrimp and small crabs. The male flounder can grow up to about twelve inches long, but the female can sometimes reach 25 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilot Production of Hatchery-Reared Summer Flounder Paralichthys Dentatus in a Marine Recirculating Aquaculture System: the Effe
    JOURNAL OF THE Volume 36, No. 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY March 2005 Pilot Production of Hatchery-RearedSummer Flounder Purulichthys dentutus in a Marine Recirculating Aquaculture System: The Effects of Ration Level on Growth, Feed Conversion, and Survival PATRICKM. CARROLLAND WADE0. WATANABE University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Centerfor Marine Science, 7205 WrightsvilleAvenue, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 USA THOMASM. LOSORDO Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA Abstract-Pilot-scale trials were conducted to suggests increased competition for a restricted ration evaluate growout performance of hatchery-reared led to a slower growth with more growth variation. The summer flounder fingerlings in a state-of-the-art decrease in growth in phases 2 and 3 was probably related recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The outdoor to a high percentage of slower growing male fish in the RAS consisted of four 4.57-m dia x 0.69-111 deep (vol. population and the onset of sexual maturity. = 11.3 m’) covered, insulated tanks and associated water This study demonstrated that under commercial treatment components. Fingerlings (85.1 g mean initial scale conditions, summer flounder can be successfully weight) supplied by a commercial hatchery were stocked grown to a marketable size in a recirculating aquaculture into two tanks at a density of 1,014 fishhank (7.63 kg/mg). system. Based on these results, it is recommended that a Fish were fed an extruded dry floating diet consisting farmer feed at a satiation rate to minimize growout time. of 50% protein and 12% lipid. The temperature was More research is needed to maintain high growth rates maintained between 20 C and 23 C and the salinity was through marketable sizes through all-female production 34 ppt.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in Diet of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna
    16 8 Abstract–The stomachs of 819 Atlan­ Differences in diet of Atlantic bluefin tuna tic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) sampled from 1988 to 1992 were ana­ (Thunnus thynnus) at five seasonal feeding grounds lyzed to compare dietary differences among five feeding grounds on the on the New England continental shelf* New England continental shelf (Jef­ freys Ledge, Stellwagen Bank, Cape Bradford C. Chase Cod Bay, Great South Channel, and South of Martha’s Vineyard) where a Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries majority of the U.S. Atlantic commer­ 30 Emerson Avenue cial catch occurs. Spatial variation in Gloucester, Massachusetts 01930 prey was expected to be a primary E-mail address: [email protected] influence on bluefin tuna distribution during seasonal feeding migrations. Sand lance (Ammodytes spp.), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), squid (Cephalopoda), and bluefish (Pomato­ Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thyn- England continental shelf region, and mus saltatrix) were the top prey in terms of frequency of occurrence and nus) are widely distributed throughout as a baseline for bioenergetic analyses. percent prey weight for all areas com­ the Atlantic Ocean and have attracted Information on the feeding habits of bined. Prey composition was uncorre­ valuable commercial and recreational this economically valuable species and lated between study areas, with the fisheries in the western North Atlantic apex predator in the western North exception of a significant association during the latter half of the twentieth Atlantic Ocean is limited, and nearly between Stellwagen Bank and Great century. The western North Atlantic absent for the seasonal feeding grounds South Channel, where sand lance and population is considered overfished by where most U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Flounder Fluke / Summer Flounder Paralichthys Dentatus
    Flounder Fluke / Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Description: NUTRITIONAL U Flounder or “Fluke” is a flatfish. Flatfish are found all over the INFORMATION 3.5 oz raw portion world and there are around 540 species. True Flounders are found in Northern waters and our Flounder is caught on the Northern East Calories 91 coast of the United States. All flatfish have both eyes on one side of Fat Calories 10.8 the head. They all begin life as round fish and one eye migrates as it Total Fat 1.2 g becomes a bottom-dwelling fish. All commercially important soles Saturated Fat .3 g and Flounders are right-eyed except Fluke which is left-eyed. The Sodium 81 mg Protein 18.8 g market size for Flounder is about 1 to 5 lb and all flatfish yield 4 Cholesterol 48 mg fillets unlike round fish that yield 2. Omega-3 .2 g Eating Qualities: Cooking Methods Raw Flounder ranges from tan, to pinkish, to snow-white, but the cooked meat of all species is pure white with a small fake and mild flavor. The sweet taste and firm texture of the Yellowtail Flounder is Bake a favorite as well as lemon and gray sole. Broil Fry Fishing Methods and Regulations: Poach Flounder are caught by hook and line, trawl and trap-net. The Saute highest quality resulting from the trap-net fishery. The fishery is Sashimi heavily regulated in America and each state has its own regulation on when and how the fish can be caught. Handling Whole fish should be packed in flaked Sold as: ice.
    [Show full text]
  • Pleuronectidae 3863
    click for previous page Pleuronectiformes: Pleuronectidae 3863 PLEURONECTIDAE Righteye flounders by D.A. Hensley iagnostic characters: Body oval-shaped or elongate, strongly compressed (size to about 22 cm). DMargin of preopercle distinct, not covered by skin and scales. Eyes on right side of head; reversals rare. Mouth and teeth small. Gill rakers elongate, not tooth-like. Dorsal-fin origin anterior to posterior margin of upper eye; no fin spines; urinary papilla on eyed side; caudal fin not attached to dorsal and anal fins; pectoral fin on blind side smaller than fin on eyed side or missing; pelvic-fin bases short or somewhat elongate, fin on eyed side slightly anterior to that of blind side and closer to or on midventral line. Scales small; lateral line weakly developed or missing on blind side of body. Colour: body on eyed side variable in colour pattern, often with spots or blotches on body and fins; blind side whitish. elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays (in the commercially used Samaris cristatus and another species of the genus, but absent in all other species in the area) dorsal and anal fins not joined to caudal fin origin of dorsal fin eyes on right side of head Samaris cristatus margin of preopercle distinct Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Most Indo-Pacific species are found at depths of about 60 to 500 m on soft bottoms composed of mixtures of mud, sand, silt, and crushed shells. Some shallow-water species occur as shallow as 6 m in or on sands around coral reefs. One species (Samaris cristatus) occurs in fairly shallow water and is marketed.
    [Show full text]