DOCSLIB.ORG

Variation, Transmission, and Maintenance of Traditional Ecological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Variation, Transmission, and Maintenance of Traditional Ecological VARIATION, TRANSMISSION, AND MAINTENANCE OF TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE ON MALEKULA ISLAND, VANUATU By Joe McCarter A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Studies Victoria University of Wellington 2012 2 Abstract The traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of local and indigenous people supports the resilience of social-ecological systems and is an important aspect of global biocultural diversity. However, TEK is at risk of erosion amid social and ecological change, and may be threatened by homogenising influences such as formal school systems. Loss of TEK is of particular concern in countries such as Vanuatu, a culturally diverse nation where TEK is a critical component of resource management, medicinal practice, and adaptive capacity. This thesis aims to fill four key literature gaps surrounding the variation, transmission, and maintenance of TEK, and is situated in four rural communities on Malekula Island, Vanuatu. This research employs an interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach across four core chapters. The first uses multi-model inferencing to show that systems of TEK are dynamic and complex, and that change is variable across domains of knowledge and segments of the population. Data in this chapter indicate that ethnomedical knowledge is at risk of erosion in younger age cohorts. The second core chapter shows that the cultural transmission of TEK is predominantly vertical in nature (i.e. passed from parent to child), is initiated during the early teens, and that some skills (such as the carving of ceremonial items) appear to be less salient to younger age cohorts. This chapter also notes a changing developmental niche for TEK transmission, and suggests that changes in both the setting and strategies for knowledge transmission are key mechanisms that drive TEK variation. The third and fourth core chapters discuss aspects of TEK maintenance: first, by examining top-down strategies for TEK revitalisation by eliciting local perceptions of the value of TEK to formal school systems; and second, by identifying the triggers and barriers to bottom-up, in situ TEK maintenance in local organisations known as „kastom schools‟. Both approaches have potential to conserve aspects of TEK, however in situ approaches may be best for encouraging the maintenance of knowledge and practice within an appropriate cultural context. There are, however, significant epistemological barriers to both top-down and bottom-up approaches to TEK maintenance, which may ultimately limit their effectiveness. This research fills several key literature gaps and employs a diverse and novel range of analytical tools. The data presented here highlight the depth, diversity and importance of TEK in Vanuatu, and emphasise the need for careful and considered approaches to its maintenance. However, these findings also show the dynamic and complex nature of cultural change, and suggest that attempts at TEK measurement and maintenance must be cognisant of temporal and spatial variation in the 3 drivers and impact of TEK change. Moreover, this research emphasises that TEK systems are inextricably bound in wider issues of power, heterogeneity, and political ecology, and that TEK maintenance is fundamentally linked to self-determination and the lived value of tradition in contemporary social contexts. Keywords Traditional ecological knowledge, cultural change, ethnobotanical knowledge, multi-model inferencing, diversity indices, cultural transmission, developmental niche, formal education, contextualised education, cultural conservation, cultural revitalisation, in situ cultural conservation, linguistic ecology, Vanuatu, Malekula Island, Malakula Island, Oceania, mixed-methods research. 4 Samari Long fulap ples long world, kastom save blong envaeroment (KSBE) hemi stap lus. Ol jenis ia bambae i mekem i hard blong ol man blong lukaotem ol risos blong hem, mo bambae i mekem i hard blong ol jeneresen long fiuja blong stap strong taem envaeromen i jenis. Vanuatu hemi wan ples we i gat fulap difren kalja mo difren kaen envaeromen, mo kastom mo tredisen oli gat fulap importance long laef long ol man. I gat fulap rison we from wanem KSBE hemi important long Vanuatu: sam example olsem saed long lukaotem ol risos, saed long givim meresin long ol man, mo saed long givhan long ol man blong stap strong taem envaeromen i jenis. Be long Vanuatu, i gat wan problem, from we KSBE mo kastom i save lus, from we fulap niufala samting i kam insaed, ol envaeromen i jenis, mo ol youngfala oli no lanem gud ol save blong ol bubu blong olgeta. Risej ia i stap givhan blong saed long lanem save hao nao KSBE i stap lus, mo hao nao yumi save lukaotem hem mo mekem se i stap oltaem. Mi bin work long fofala komuniti long Malekula Island, mo mi bin traem save trifala samting. Namba wan samting, mi stap traem luk sipos KSBE hemi stap lus, mo wanem kaen samting i stap mekem se KSBE i lus. Mi bin yusum wan kaen interviu wetem 177 man mo woman long West Coast Malekula, mo mi askem evri wan blong telemaot fulap samting, olsem ol lif blong meresin. Ol risal oli telem se ol youngfala oli gat fulap KSBE, be olgeta oli no gat save olsem ol oldfala. Ol oldfala nomo oli gat save blong medel bus, be ol youngfala oli no stap lanem ol samting ia. Save ia i stap lus bigwan wetem ol man we oli go long market fulap mo we oli no laekem blong toktok lanwis tumas. Namba tu samting, mi stap traem luk hao nao ol man mo woman oli stap lanem ol save blong olgeta. Mi faendem se fulap long ol man mo woman oli lanem long mama mo papa blong olgeta, be mi luk save se ol fasin blong tijim ol difren kaen KSBE hemi stap jenis. Namba tri samting, mi stap luk long saed long hao nao yumi save lukaotem ol KSBE mo mekem se i stap ol taem. Mi bin storian wetem fulap man mo woman long saed long wanem oli stap tingting nao saed long lukaotem KSBE. Mi bin faendem se i gat sam kaen KSBE we yumi save putum i go long skul, olsem save blong mekem garen. Be i gat fulap samting we yumi no save putum insaed skul, minim se yumi mas faendem wan nara fasin blong lukaotem KSBE. Ol „kastom skul‟ blong Malekula bambae oli gud smol: oli gat fulap problem, be oli save lukaotem fulap difren kaen kastom we yumi no save putum insaed skul. Risej ia hemi soemaot importance blong KSBE long Vanuatu, mo hemi telem se i important we bambae yumi lukaotem KSBE blong mekem se i no lus. Be risej ia I telem tu se ol jenis we i stap kam long saed long kastom long komuniti, bambae oli hard lelebit blong lukaotem KSBE long evri 5 ples blong evri man. Ol fasin blong jenis long KSBE bambae oli jenis evri yia, mo bambae oli difren long evri ples long Malekula mo long Vanuatu. Mo tu, risej ia i telem se ol rison we KSBE i lus hemi fastem taet long ol fasin blong power mo long difrens bitim ol difren ples. Wan ples we samting ia i important hemi saed long skul long vilaj mo komuniti. Blong finisem risej ia, mi mekem sam recommendation blong policy saed long lukaotem KSBE blong Malekula. 6 Acknowledgements Although only one name appears on the cover, this thesis would not have come close to completion without the input, support, and coaxing of a large number of people. The first and loudest thanks must go to my primary supervisor at Victoria, Dr Michael Gavin, whose enthusiasm, wisdom, and commitment were always above and beyond the call. Mike, I‟m deeply grateful for your guidance and input over the past four years, and am looking forward to continuing this work into the future. My secondary supervisors, Dr Andrew McGregor and Dr Sean Weaver, made insightful contributions at critical times, and I sincerely appreciate the time and effort they‟ve extended on my behalf. Of course, this thesis would not have happened without the support, patience, and generosity of my friends, hosts, and research associates in Vanuatu. In particular, I‟d like to acknowledge the fieldworkers of Malekula, including the curator of the Malekula Cultural Centre Numa Fred Longga, Chief Virambath at Unmet (and his wife Yvette), Chief Joachim Kaibaba (Dixon Reef), Hantison Sangmuru (Tisvel), James Teslo (Lewinevet), and Chief Alben Reuben (Lawa); as well as other friends who helped, hosted, and drank kava with me along the way, including Melton Sinmor (Wigmo), Roy Wariat (Lawa), Chief Tony Mbong (Tisvel), and Eric Sangmuru (Tisvel). The staff at the Vanuatu Cultural Centre in Port Vila were integral in shaping this research, and I‟d particularly like to thank Ralph Regenvanu and Sue Baraeleo for their sustained input and guidance. The knowledge of Sam Chanel at the Vanuatu Department of Forestry has been a critical resource to many a researcher in Vanuatu, and I‟d like to thank him for the important role it played here. Finally, I‟d like to reserve a special mention for Chief Mateas Battick of Lorlow, who passed away in 2009. His patience, generosity, and infectious chuckle form some of the most indelible memories from my first field trip to Malekula, and I‟ve no doubt his warmth and incredible depth of knowledge continue to be greatly missed in South-West Bay and around Vanuatu. Back in New Zealand, I have been ably assisted in my endeavours by a large cast of characters. Editorial support from Nigel McCarter, Tim Garlick, and Connie Nisbet greatly improved the final product, and was much appreciated. My erstwhile colleagues in the Ministry of Hard Work (Mark, John, Ed, Claire, Aaron, Charlie, Rob, Matilda, Ruifei, Amani, and Mary, amongst others) provided the hilarity, competition, and motivation to keep going, despite mostly absenting themselves a couple of years too early.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Status of the Dugong (Dugon Dugon) in Vanuatu
    ORIGINAL: ENGLISH SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME TOPIC REVIEW No. 37 THE STATUS OF THE DUGONG (DUGON DUGON) IN VANUATU M.R. Chambers, E.Bani and B.E.T. Barker-Hudson O.,;^, /ZO. ^ ll pUG-^Y^ South Pacific Commission Noumea, New Caledonia April 1989 UBHArt/ SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project was carried out to assess the distribution, abundance, cultural importance and threats to the dugong in Vanuatu. The study was carried out by a postal questionnaire survey and an aerial survey, commencing in October 1987. About 600 copies of the questionnaire were circulated in Vanuatu, and about 1000 kilometres of coastline surveyed from the air. Dugongs were reported or seen to occur in nearly 100 localities, including all the major islands and island groups of Vanuatu. The animals were generally reported to occur in small groups; only in three instances were groups of more than 10 animals reported. Most people reported that dugong numbers were either unchanged or were increasing. There was no evidence that dugongs migrate large distances or between islands in the archipelago, although movements may occur along the coasts of islands and between closely associated islands. Dugong hunting was reported from only a few localities, although it is caught in more areas if the chance occurs. Most hunting methods use traditional means, mainly the spear. Overall, hunting mortality is low, even in areas reported to regularly hunt dugongs. Accordingly, the dugong does not seem to be an important component of the subsistence diet in any part of Vanuatu, even though it is killed mainly for food.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Together in Vanuatu: Research Histories
    19. Olfala Histri Wea i Stap Andanit long Graon. Archaeological Training Workshops in Vanuatu: A Profile, the Benefits, Spin-offs and Extraordinary Discoveries Stuart Bedford, Matthew Spriggs, Ralph Regenvanu and Salkon Yona Archaeological research was included in the Vanuatu governmental moratorium on humanities-based research in Vanuatu from 1984 to 1994 (Bolton 1999: 1) and consequently it languished very much in a pioneering phase, reliant on interpretations from the results of a handful of influential projects that had been carried out through the 1960s and 70s. Right up to the mid-1990s fundamental questions relating to the initial colonisation and settlement of the archipelago and the succeeding cultural transformations which took place were still largely unanswered. Much of the country remained an archaeological terra incognita (Bedford et al. 1998; Bedford 2006a). However, the establishment of the Vanuatu Cultural and Historic Sites Survey (VCHSS) in 1990, a separate but associated entity to the Vanuatu Cultural Centre (VCC) and funded primarily by the European Union, was a major positive boost to archaeology. It started with a team of professional archaeologists, David Roe and Jean-Christophe Galipaud, and a less experienced but energetic group of ni-Vanuatu, some of whom would later go on to play influential roles in the long-term future of the VCC. The VCHSS initially comprised the manager Martha Yamsiu (later Kaltal) and field officers, Peter Kolmas, Ralph Regenvanu, Nicolas Vanusoksok, François Wadra and Fidel Yoringmal. Its aims were to build and maintain a database of sites of cultural, archaeological and historic significance; to conduct surveys to identify and document these sites; train ni-Vanuatu staff in techniques of survey, research planning and execution; consider and establish procedures for determining, assessing and responding to threats to sites; encourage and develop the study of archaeology and history of Vanuatu and promote an awareness of its importance as part of the country’s cultural heritage (Regenvanu et al.
    [Show full text]
  • IHO Report on Hydrography and Nautical Charting in the Republic
    IIHHOO CCaappaacciittyy BBuuiillddiinngg PPrrooggrraammmmee IIHHOO RReeppoorrtt oonn HHyyddrrooggrraapphhyy aanndd NNaauuttiiccaall CChhaarrttiinngg iinn TThhee RReeppuubblliicc ooff VVaannuuaattuu December 2011 (publliished 4 Apriill 2012) This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted in accordance with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886), and except in the circumstances described below, no part may be translated, reproduced by any process, adapted, communicated or commercially exploited without prior written permission from the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB). Copyright in some of the material in this publication may be owned by another party and permission for the translation and/or reproduction of that material must be obtained from the owner. This document or partial material from this document may be translated, reproduced or distributed for general information, on no more than a cost recovery basis. Copies may not be sold or distributed for profit or gain without prior written agreement of the IHB and any other copyright holders. In the event that this document or partial material from this document is reproduced, translated or distributed under the terms described above, the following statements are to be included: “Material from IHO publication [reference to extract: Title, Edition] is reproduced with the permission of the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) (Permission No ……./…) acting for the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), which does not accept responsibility for the correctness of the material as reproduced: in case of doubt, the IHO’s authentic text shall prevail. The incorporation of material sourced from IHO shall not be construed as constituting an endorsement by IHO of this product.” “This [document/publication] is a translation of IHO [document/publication] [name].
    [Show full text]
  • Tanna Island - Wikipedia
    Tanna Island - Wikipedia Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Tanna Island From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates : 19°30′S 169°20′E Tanna (also spelled Tana) is an island in Tafea Main page Tanna Contents Province of Vanuatu. Current events Random article Contents [hide] About Wikipedia 1 Geography Contact us 2 History Donate 3 Culture and economy 3.1 Population Contribute 3.2 John Frum movement Help 3.3 Language Learn to edit 3.4 Economy Community portal 4 Cultural references Recent changes Upload file 5 Transportation 6 References Tools 7 Filmography Tanna and the nearby island of Aniwa What links here 8 External links Related changes Special pages Permanent link Geography [ edit ] Page information It is 40 kilometres (25 miles) long and 19 Cite this page Wikidata item kilometres (12 miles) wide, with a total area of 550 square kilometres (212 square miles). Its Print/export highest point is the 1,084-metre (3,556-foot) Download as PDF summit of Mount Tukosmera in the south of the Geography Printable version island. Location South Pacific Ocean Coordinates 19°30′S 169°20′E In other projects Siwi Lake was located in the east, northeast of Archipelago Vanuatu Wikimedia Commons the peak, close to the coast until mid-April 2000 2 Wikivoyage when following unusually heavy rain, the lake Area 550 km (210 sq mi) burst down the valley into Sulphur Bay, Length 40 km (25 mi) Languages destroying the village with no loss of life. Mount Width 19 km (11.8 mi) Bislama Yasur is an accessible active volcano which is Highest elevation 1,084 m (3,556 ft) Български located on the southeast coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Reefs of the New Hebrides, Melanesia, with Particular Reference to Open-Sea, Not Fringing, Reefs
    Proceedings o f the Second International Coral R eef Symposium 2. Great Barrier Reef Committee, Brisbane, December 1974 CORAL REEFS OF THE NEW HEBRIDES, MELANESIA, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO OPEN-SEA, NOT FRINGING, REEFS Andrei Guilcher Université of Western Brittany, B.P. 860, 29279, Brest, France SUMMARY The New Hebrides island arc is divided into two island chains and an inter-arc basin, preceded by a deep trench on the western side of the structure. This location of the trench means a reversed polarity of the system, the normal polarity including, in the western Pacific, a trench on the eastern side. The polarity was probably normal before the mid-Miocene, and reversed later on. The reversal was accompanied by a migration of the volcanic activity from the western island chain to the eastern chain, where it is now found. Tectonic disturbance continues to be active in the New Hebrides. On the islands bearing the first generation of volcanoes, as Erromango, Efate, Malekula and Santo, raised terraces of Plio-Pleistocene reef limestones are beautifully exposed. In places, as at Efate, several sets of coral terraces are found; they may result either from a general uplift associated with alternations of transgressions and regressions, or from faulting. The terraces m ay have remained horizontal or have been tilted. The lowest terrace lying at 4 metres in Erromango Island around Cook Bay may be related to the last interglacial high sea-level. All these old reefs are fringing reefs, and grew either around volcanoes or around previously raised fringing reefs. Present-day fringing reefs, often accompanied by sand cays, exist around all these islands, one of the finest being at^Aneitvum., Two reefs, however, belong to another type.
    [Show full text]
  • Malampa Adventure Trek and Island Hop – Malampa Province, Vanuatu 2½ Weeks: 10-28 July 2012 – First Draft, 11 February 2012
    Malampa Adventure Trek and Island Hop – Malampa Province, Vanuatu 2½ weeks: 10-28 July 2012 – First Draft, 11 February 2012 Brief Summary This trip consists of a ten day bush walk, traversing the island of Malekula. Beginning on the west coast, heading up and over the ranges to the south west corner, and then walking back along the south coast to the south east corner of the island. Once in the south east we visit the Maskelyne Islands and head out on a three day island hopping trip on catamaran canoes. After a rest day on the main island of Maskelyne a three hour early morning speed boat ride takes us across to the South West coast of Ambrym, the active volcano. We climb up to the ash plain from the southern side, camp for two nights and come down on the northern side, making a complete traverse and viewing both craters. A commercial walking trip of this kind has never been attempted in Vanuatu. Tourist numbers in Malampa province, especially the remote areas with no vehicle access (i.e every area this trip visits), receive very few tourists a year. The trip is truly unique offering a cultural and wilderness experience like no other. This unique trip combines spectacularly beautiful scenery and reasonably challenging bush walking, with an unforgettable cultural experience visiting many custom villages in the highlands of Malekula Island, the most culturally and linguistically diverse island in Vanuatu. It is also unique in that it visits three very different regions of Malampa province: 1. The highland rainforest and remote custom villages and gardens on the Man Bush trail where traditional life is very well preserved, the extremely remote villages around the stunningly beautiful South West Bay on the south west tip of Malekula island and the remote and pristine black and white sand beaches of the south coast, fringed by uninhabited islands and dotted with remote subsistence villages.
    [Show full text]
  • 0=AFRICAN Geosector
    3= AUSTRONESIAN phylosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 301 35= MANUSIC covers the "Manus+ New-Britain" reference area, part of the Papua New Guinea 5 "Oceanic" affinity within the "Austronesian" intercontinental phylozone affinity; comprising 9 sets of languages (= 82 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, on Manus, New Ireland, New Britain and other adjacent islands of Papua New Guinea: 35-A WUVULU+ SEIMAT 35-B SISI+ BALUAN 35-C TUNGAG+ KUANUA 35-D NAKANAI+ VITU 35-E LAMOGAI+ AMARA* 35-F SOLONG+ AVAU* 35-G KAPORE+ MANGSENG* 35-H MAENG+ UVOL* 35-I TUMOIP 35-A WUVULU+ SEIMAT set 35-AA WUVULU+ AUA chain 35-AAA WUVULU+ AUA net 35-AAA-a Wuvulu+ Aua aua+ viwulu, viwulu+ aua Admiralty islands: Wuvulu+ Aua islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 3 35-AAA-aa wuvulu viwulu, wuu Wuvulu, Maty islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2 35-AAA-ab aua Aua, Durour islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2 35-AB SEIMAT+ KANIET chain 35-ABA SEIMAT net NINIGO 35-ABA-a Seimat ninigo Admiralty islands: Ninigo islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 2 35-ABA-aa sumasuma Sumasuma island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 35-ABA-ab mai Mai island Papua New Guinea (Manus) 35-ABA-ac ahu Ahu islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 35-ABA-ad liot Liot islan Papua New Guinea (Manus) 35-ABB KANIET* net ¶extinct since 1950 X 35-ABB-a Kaniet-'Thilenius' Admiralty islands: Kaniet, Anchorite, Sae+ Suf islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0 35-ABB-aa kaniet-'thilenius' Thilenius's kaniet Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0 35-ABB-b Kaniet-'Smythe' Admiralty islands: Kaniet, Anchorite, Sae+ Suf islands Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0 35-ABB-ba kaniet-'smythe' Smythe's kaniet Papua New Guinea (Manus) 0 35-B SISI+ BALUAN set MANUS 35-BA SISI+ LEIPON chain manus-NW.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Sea Cucumber Fisheries and Resources in Vanuatu
    The status of sea cucumber fisheries and resources in Vanuatu November 2013 SciCOFish SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AND OCEANIC FISHERIES IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION The status of sea cucumber fisheries and resources in Vanuatu November 2013 by Kalo Pakoa1, Jason Raubani2, Fulitua Siaosi1, George Amos2 and Jayven Ham2 1 Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2 Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Port Vila Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea, New Caledonia, 2014 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of SPC and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2014 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English ————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Pakoa, Kalo The status of sea cucumber fisheries and resources in Vanuatu: November 2013 / by Kalo Pakoa, Jason Raubani, Fulitua Siaosi, George Amos and Jayven Ham 1. Sea cucumbers — Vanuatu. 2. Trepang fisheries — Vanuatu. 3. Holothurian populations — Vanuatu. I. Pakoa, Kalo II. Raubani, Jason III. Siaosi, Fulitua IV. Amos, George V.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction Art and Commodity in Vanuatu On arrival in a small boat at the village of Fona, in North Ambrym, for the fi rst time in August 2009, I was immediately confronted with a black sand beach piled up with the typical North Ambrymese slit-drums and bwerang, or tree fern fi gures, to be shipped off , in that case to Paris, France. Such a scene sums up quite accurately what I came to study in Vanuatu. So, was it really going to be this easy, or was I just very lucky to have come at this particular moment? As it turned out, it was going to be both easy and diffi cult at the same time. North Ambrym is indeed very much still piled up with slit-drums (the easy part), but, as I later learned, most of them do not get sold so easily as was the case that one evening when I arrived for the fi rst time (the not so easy part). In turn, this pro- vided opportunities to investigate why local people in North Ambrym today still produce slit-drums and what really happens to them if they are not shipped off to the West a er some time. I say “a er some time” because, ideally, drums stand in North Am- brym villages or on beaches of yacht anchorages such as that of Nobul, just north of Fona, or sometimes in their rightful place, on a har or rit- ual ground away from the villages, because they need to age, or at least look old, before they are sold and shipped off to Australia, Europe, or the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Documentation of Wan Smolbag's Vanua-Tai Resource Monitor Program in Vanuatu
    DOCUMENTATION OF WAN SMOLBAG’S VANUA-TAI RESOURCE MONITOR PROGRAM IN VANUATU By Francis R. Hickey & George Petro Funded by CSPOD-II March 2005 DOCUMENTATION OF WAN SMOLBAG’S VANUA-TAI RESOURCE MONITOR PROGRAM IN VANUATU Table of Contents Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON MARINE TURTLES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN VANUATU ..............................................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION OF A REGIONAL TURTLE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ..................................6 THE YEAR OF THE TURTLE ...........................................................................................................8 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WSB TURTLE PLAY AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A TURTLE MONITOR PROGRAM...........................................................................................................................8 What people knew about turtles; ..........................................................................................................9 What people did not know about turtles;............................................................................................11 FOLLOW UP SUPPORT FOR TURTLE AWARENESS AND TURTLE MONITOR NETWORK ............................................................................................................................................................13 ANNUAL TURTLE MONITOR MEETINGS
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Sixth National Report
    The Clearing-House Mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity Document status Draft Generated on 08 AUG 2019 06:45 TH National Report for the Convention on 6Biological Diversity 1 Table of contents Section I. Information on the targets being pursued at the national level ................................................................ 3 Section II. Implementation measures, their effectiveness, and associated obstacles and scientific and technical needs to achieve national targets........................................................................................................................ 39 Section III. Assessment of progress towards each national target ....................................................................... 217 Section IV. Description of national contribution to the achievement of each global Aichi Biodiversity Target ......... 277 Section V. Description of the national contribution to the achievement of the targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation .................................................................................................................................................... 320 Section VI. Description of the national contribution to the achievement of the targets of indigenous peoples and local communities ............................................................................................................................................. 322 Section VII. Updated biodiversity country profile ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Traditionnal Village Fishing Food Security and Development Of
    terre, ocean atmosphère NOTES TECHNIQUES N° 24 MAI 1992 TRADfTlONAL VILLAGE FISHING FOOD SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES IN VANUATU Gilbert DAVID Espérance CILLALIRREN Document de travail INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT EN COOPERATION REPRÉSENTATION DE L'ORSTOM F=N RFPLJBLlOUE DE VANUATU INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT EN COOPERATION MISSION OR5TOM DE PORT VILA NOTES ET DOCUMENTS D'OCEANOGRAPHIE No. 24 MAI 1992 TRADITIONAL VILLAGE FISHING FOOD SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES IN VANUATU Gilbert DAVID Espérance CILLAUREN MISSION ORSTOM B.P. 76 PORT VILA VANUATU TRADITIONAL VILLAGE FISHING FOOD SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES IN VANUATU CONTENTS Page..... FOOD SECURITY AND VILLAGE FISHERIES IN VANUATU Abstract " ., ., '" ., 3 Résumé .. ce " ".3 Introduction " ce " " 5 1. Major trends in the evolution of dietary habits................... 8 1.1. Rural! Urban and Urban / Rura! reiationships 8 1. 2. Changes in town 8 1. 3. Changes in rural areas " .9 2. Consumption of fishing produce • Typology of space and constraints 1 1 2. 1. Urban Consumption Patterns """ 11 2.1.1 Expatriate urban consumer pattems 12 2.1.2 Ni-Vanuatu urban consumption patterns 1 2 2.2. Coastal rural consumption patterns 12 3.3. Rurai consumption patterns inland 15 3. Village fisheries deveiopment programme 1 6 3.1. Exploitation strategy and monitoring production 1 6 3.2. Objectives of the development plan and !ogical implications 1 7 3.3. Implementation of the development plan 19 3.4. The results of the development programme 22 4. Conclusions and recommmendations 22 Notes 26 References " 27 THE MODERN VALUE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE FISHING IN FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN THE !SLAND PAC!Fle, SOME THOUGHTS ON THE CASE OF VANUATU Abstract .
    [Show full text]