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Asian Culture BA Semester II Paper I : South Asia Asian Culture B.A. Semester II Paper I : South Asia (1870-1919) Department of Western History University of Lucknow (Course Instructor: Prof. Abha Trivedi) The Rise of Revolutionary Nationalism After the outbreak of 1857, it took Indians a while to raise arms against the British Government. The First incident of this kind was remarked in 1872, when Kuka Sikhs of Punjab under the leadership of Satguru Ram Singh ji, demanded for Socio-Religious reforms. Vasudev Balwant Phadke was a renowned Revolutionary. He formed a Revolutionary group called, “Ramoshi'' collaborating Bhil, Koli and Dhaangar tribes. He raided rich and corrupt people so he can help the poor with money and other provisions. On 10th and 11th may 1879, he raided and looted a sum of 1.5 lakh rupees. Therefore, he was branded as Dakait (Robber). He was like the Robin Hood of the 19th century India. He was captured in July 1879 and sentenced to jail. He died 4 years later. After a while, on 22 June 1897, Damodar Hari Chapekar and Bal Krishna Hari Chapekar shot Plague commissioner of Poona, Mr. Walter Charles Rand and his escort officer, Lt. Ayerst dead. They were arrested for assassinating these Officers and sentenced to death and executed by the gallows. Note:- Chapekar brothers were: Damodar Hari, Bal Krishna Hari and Vasudev Hari. Movement in Bengal: The people who initiated movement in Bengal, called themselves as “Bhadralok Samaj” (Noblemen’s Society). The Pioneers of the Revolutionary movement were Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendar Nath Dutta. Varinder wrote a pamphlet named “Bhawani Mandir”. To teach people how to fight, they published “Rules of Modern Warfare.” A Secret revolutionary organization, Anushilan Samiti was founded in Bengal, 1902. Its foundation was laid by Ghosh Brothers viz, Barindra Ghosh and Arubindo Ghosh. Jugantar Patrika, a Bengali Revolutionary newspaper, founded in 1906 by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Bhupendar Nath Dutta and Abhinash Bhattacharya. Sandhya Patrika was founded by Bramh Bandhav Upadhyay. In December 1907, they derailed a train carrying Bengal Lieutenant Governor Andrew Henderson in a plot led by the Ghosh brothers. On 23 December 1907, Former Magistrate of Dhaka, Mr. D.C. Allen was shot dead. On 30 April 1908, Prafull Chaki and Khudi Ram Bose were sent to assassinate Mr. D.H. Kingsford. They failed at it, Chaki committed suicide and Bose was Captured and sentenced to death by the gallow. After this, Police sent a search party to look for Illegal Weapons and captured nearly 40 revolutionaries including, Ghosh Brothers. They were tried for being accused of Alipur Conspiracy Case. Note: All these revolutionaries were the members of Anushilan Samiti. Movement in Maharastra: After the assassination of Mr. Rand, Shyam Ji Krishna Verma fled to London. In 1900, Savarkar Brothers formed an organization named, “MItra Mela”, which was later transformed into “Abhinav Bharat Samaj” (Young Indian Society). Shyam Ji Krishna Verma founded the “India Home Rule Society” in London, 1905. It was commonly known as “India House”. India house published a monthly magazine named, “Indian Sociologist”. The so-called objective of India House was to provide Scholarships to Immigrant Indians, but secretly they worked as Revolunaries. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar joined the India House. He wrote a pamphlet, “The Grave Warning” and a book, “The Indian War of Independence” Madan Lal Dhingra shot Colonel William Curzon Wyllie dead in 1909. Arthur Mason Jackson, Magistrate at Nasik, was shot dead by Anant Lakshman Kanhere on 21 December 1909. Ghadr Movement: Ghadr Pary was founded by Sohan Singh in San Francisco, U.S.A. in 1913. Lala Hardayal was a prominent leader of this Party. A monthly newspaper, The Ghadr was published by this Party. The Caption was “Angrezi Raj ka dushman.” They wrote this in their first edition- “ What is our name? Ghadar. What is our work? Ghadar. Where will be the Revolution? In India.” Other prominent members of this Party were Maulvi Barkat Ullah, Tarak Nath Das, Harnam Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha etc. Lala Hardayal organized Indian Independence Committee in Berlin. The Komagata Maru incident involved the Japanese steamship Komagata Maru, on which a group of people from British India attempted to emigrate to Canada in 1914, but most were denied entry and forced to return to Calcutta. To put an end these incidents, Government passed these Acts: 1. Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act, 1907. 2. Explosive Substances Act, 1908. 3. Defence of India Rules, 1915. 1 857 के िेव™व के बाद, िेBिेटश सरकार के £खलाफ ििथयार उठाने मे े भारतीये े क थ ड़ा समय लगा। इ स तरि की पिली घटना 1872 मे े दे खी गयी थी, जब सतगे 7 राम िेसे ि जी के ने ते ¾ मे े पे जाब के के का िेसखे े ने स ेामािेजक-धािेम´क स धार की मा更ग की थी। व ेासे दे व बलवे त फड़के एक Pिेस\ #ेाे िेतकारी थे । उ\े ने े भील, क ली और धनगर जनजािेतये े के साथ िेमलकर " राम शी '' नामक एक #ेाे िेतकारी सम ि का गठन िेकया। उ \े ने े अमीर और N ल गे े पर छापा मारा तािेक वि पे से और अ¾ Pेावधाने े के साथ गरीबे े की मदद कर सक” । १ ० और ११ मई 1879 क , उसने छापा मारा और १.५ लाख 7पये ले ट िेलए। इिसलए, उ\े े डके त (डाके ) के Vप मे िे च£\त िेकया गया था। वि 19 वी े सदी के भारत के रॉिेबन \ड की तरि था। उ \े े जे लाई 1879 मे े पकड़ िेलया गया और जे ल की सजा से नाई गई। 4 साल बाद उनकी मे Æे ि गई। 2 2 ज न 1897 क , दाम दर िfर चाप कर और बाल क ® िfर चाप कर न प ना क ™े ग िकमffर, ffेी वा€र चाÆ´ र” ड औ र उनके अने र¶ण िअधकारी, ले £ªन”ट आयस´ की ग ली मारकर िÆेा कर दी। इन िअधकाfरये े की िÆेा करने क े िेलए उ\े े िेगरªेार िेकया गया और फेाे सी की सजा दी गई। न े ट: - चाप कर भाई 3 थ : दाम दर िfर, बाल क ® िfर और वास द व िfर। ब ं गाल मं ं आं दोलन: ब े गाल मे े आे द लन शे V करने वाले ल गे े ने खे द क "भ\ले क समाज" (न बलमे न स साइटी) किा। # ेाे िेतकारी आ द लन क अu-द त थ बfर \ क मार घ ष और भ प”\ नाथ दK। वfर दर न "भवानी म िेदर" नाम का एक प 7 िेलखा। ल गे े क लड़ने के तरीके िेसखाने के िेलए, उ\े ने े "The Rules of Modern Warfare" Pकािेशत िे कए। ए क गे ™ #ेाे िेतकारी से गठन, अने शीलन िसिमत की 3थापना बे गाल मे े 1902 मे े \ई थी। इसकी नीवे घ ष बे धे , बfरfi घ े ष और अ7िेब द घ ष न रखी थी। ब े गाली fरव ¾े शनरी अखबार “जे गे तार िप7का”, 1906 मे े बfरे \ के मार घ ष, भे प”\ नाथ दK और िअभनाश भ \ेाचाय´ §ेारा 3थािेपत की गई थी। “से ªेा िप7का” की 3थापना B§ बाNव उपाªेाय ने की थी। िे दसे बर 1907 म”, घ ष बे धे ओे के ने ते ¾ वाले एक षKे 7 मे े बे गाल के ले £ªन”ट गवन´र एे ड. ये ि”डरसन क ले जान व ेाली एक ट.े न क पटरी स उतार िेदया। 2 3 िेदस बर 1907 क ढाका क प व´ िमज™.े ट डी. सी. एलन की ग ली मारकर िÆेा कर दी गई। 30 अPे ल 1908 क , Pफे W चाकी और खे दी राम ब स क डी. एच. िेके ªफ ड´ की िÆेा के िेलए भे जा गया। वे इसमे े असफल रिे , चाकी ने आ¾िÆेा कर ली और ब स क पकड़ िेलया गया और उ\े े फेाे सी की सजा से नाई गई। इ सक बाद, प िेलस न अव ध ििथयार की तलाश क िेलए एक ख ज दल भ जा और घ ष ब ध िसित लगभग 40 # ेाे िेतकाfरय क पकड़ िेलया। उन पर अलीप र षडय 7 क स का आर प लगाया गया। न े ट: ये सभी #ेाे िेतकारी अने शीलन िसिमत के सदª थे । म हारा . मं ं आं दोलन: र ” ड की िÆेा के बाद, ªेाम जी के ® वमेा´ ले दन भाग गए। 1 900 म”, सावरकर Bदस´ ने “MItra मे ला” नाम से एक से गठन बनाया, िेजसे बाद मे े “िअभनव भारत समाज” (ये ग इ े िेडयन स साइटी) मे े बदल िेदया गया। ª ेाम जी के ® वमेा´ ने 1905 मे े ले दन मे े "इे िेडया ि म Vल स साइटी" की 3थापना की। इसे आमतौर पर "इे िेडयेा ि ेाउस" क नाम स जाना जाता था। इ े िेडया िाउस न "Indian Sociologist" नाम स एक मािेसक िप7का Pकािेशत की। इ िेडया िाउस का तथािकथत उ \े ª अPवासी भारतीये े क छा7वे िेK Pदान करना था, ले िेकन गे ™ Vप से उ\े ने े #ेाे िेतकारी के Vप मे े काम िे कया। िे वनायक दाम दर सावरकर इे िेडया िाउस मे े शािेमल \ए। उ\े ने े एक पे £™का, "द uे व वॉिेन”ग" और एक पे ™क, " द इ िेडयन वॉर ऑफ इ िेडप”ड”स" िेलखी 1 909 मे े मदन लाल ढीगे रा ने कन´ल िेिवलयम कज´न वायली की ग ली मारकर िÆेा कर दी। 2 1 िेदसे बर 1909 क अने त ल®ण का\े रे §ेारा नािेसक मे े िमज™.े ट आथ´र मे सन जे %न की ग ली मारकर िÆेा क र दी गई थी। ग़ दर आ दोलन: ग दर पाटf की 3थापना 1913 मे े से न Æेाे िेसªे , ये .एस.ए.
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