DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of Tandem Repeats Is Mirroring Post-Polyploid Cladogenesis in Heliophila (Brassicaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of Tandem Repeats Is Mirroring Post-Polyploid Cladogenesis in Heliophila (Brassicaceae) fpls-11-607893 December 30, 2020 Time: 16:36 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 12 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607893 Evolution of Tandem Repeats Is Mirroring Post-polyploid Cladogenesis in Heliophila (Brassicaceae) Mert Dogan1,2, Milan Pouch1,2, Terezie Mandáková1,3, Petra Hloušková1, Xinyi Guo1, Pieter Winter4, Zuzana Chumová5, Adriaan Van Niekerk6, Klaus Mummenhoff7, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz8, Ladislav Mucina6,9 and Martin A. Lysak1,2* 1 CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia, 2 NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia, 3 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia, 4 South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa, 5 Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prùhonice, Czechia, 6 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 7 Department of Biology, Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany, 8 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States, 9 Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia Edited by: Christoph Oberprieler, The unigeneric tribe Heliophileae encompassing more than 100 Heliophila species University of Regensburg, Germany is morphologically the most diverse Brassicaceae lineage. The tribe is endemic to Reviewed by: J. Chris Pires, southern Africa, confined chiefly to the southwestern South Africa, home of two University of Missouri, United States biodiversity hotspots (Cape Floristic Region and Succulent Karoo). The monospecific Ales Kovarik, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Chamira (C. circaeoides), the only crucifer species with persistent cotyledons, Republic (ASCR), Czechia is traditionally retrieved as the closest relative of Heliophileae. Our transcriptome *Correspondence: analysis revealed a whole-genome duplication (WGD) ∼26.15–29.20 million years ago, Martin A. Lysak presumably preceding the Chamira/Heliophila split. The WGD was then followed by [email protected]; [email protected] genome-wide diploidization, species radiations, and cladogenesis in Heliophila. The expanded phylogeny based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer Specialty section: (ITS) uncovered four major infrageneric clades (A–D) in Heliophila and corroborated This article was submitted to Plant Systematics and Evolution, the sister relationship between Chamira and Heliophila. Herein, we analyzed how the a section of the journal diploidization process impacted the evolution of repetitive sequences through low- Frontiers in Plant Science coverage whole-genome sequencing of 15 Heliophila species, representing the four Received: 18 September 2020 Accepted: 16 November 2020 clades, and Chamira. Despite the firmly established infrageneric cladogenesis and Published: 12 January 2021 different ecological life histories (four perennials vs. 11 annual species), repeatome Citation: analysis showed overall comparable evolution of genome sizes (288–484 Mb) Dogan M, Pouch M, and repeat content (25.04–38.90%) across Heliophila species and clades. Among Mandáková T, Hloušková P, Guo X, Winter P, Chumová Z, Van Niekerk A, Heliophila species, long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were the predominant Mummenhoff K, Al-Shehbaz IA, components of the analyzed genomes (11.51–22.42%), whereas tandem repeats Mucina L and Lysak MA (2021) Evolution of Tandem Repeats Is had lower abundances (1.03–12.10%). In Chamira, the tandem repeat content Mirroring Post-polyploid Cladogenesis (17.92%, 16 diverse tandem repeats) equals the abundance of LTR retrotransposons in Heliophila (Brassicaceae). (16.69%). Among the 108 tandem repeats identified in Heliophila, only 16 repeats Front. Plant Sci. 11:607893. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607893 were found to be shared among two or more species; no tandem repeats Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 January 2021 | Volume 11 | Article 607893 fpls-11-607893 December 30, 2020 Time: 16:36 # 2 Dogan et al. Repeatome Evolution in Heliophileae were shared by Chamira and Heliophila genomes. Six “relic” tandem repeats were shared between any two different Heliophila clades by a common descent. Four and six clade-specific repeats shared among clade A and C species, respectively, support the monophyly of these two clades. Three repeats shared by all clade A species corroborate the recent diversification of this clade revealed by plastome-based molecular dating. Phylogenetic analysis based on repeat sequence similarities separated the Heliophila species to three clades [A, C, and (BCD)], mirroring the post-polyploid cladogenesis in Heliophila inferred from rDNA ITS and plastome sequences. Keywords: repetitive DNA, repeatome, whole-genome duplication (WGD), rDNA ITS, plastome phylogeny, Cruciferae, Cape flora, South Africa INTRODUCTION Despite Heliophila species being a frequent and sometimes dominating element of some southern African plant Geographically and phylogenetically well-defined groups are communities, there is limited knowledge of the phylogeographic ideal study objects to analyze the evolution of diverse genomic origin of the genus, interspecies relationships, and genome parameters during long periods of isolation that prevented evolution of Heliophila species. Mummenhoff et al. (2005) gene flow with other species groups. Although Brassicaceae published a pioneering study, laying foundations for follow-up (mustard family, Cruciferae) occur on all continents, except phylogenomic analyses, demonstrating monophyly of the tribe for Antarctica, and several weedy and crop species have a Heliophileae with South Africa’s endemic Chamira circaeoides worldwide distribution, some crucifer clades are restricted to as the sister species to Heliophila, finding support for rapid (sub)continents or smaller geographic regions (Lysak and Koch, diversification against a background of aridification in the 2011; Al-Shehbaz, 2012). For instance, tribes of the CES clade Pliocene/Pleistocene, and showing massive parallel evolution (i.e., Cremolobeae, Eudemeae, and Schizopetaleae), as well as of fruit characters traditionally used in the classification Halimolobeae, Physarieae, and all but one Thelypodieae species, of Heliophileae. Further, ecological optimization analysis are endemic to the New World, while Microlepidieae occur only allowed preliminary insights into the ecogeographical evolution in Australia and New Zealand. In Africa, the family has a reduced in Heliophileae. species and generic diversity, with the largest endemic clade The last phylogenetic study of c. 57 Heliophila species confined to southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, eSwatini, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences suggested and Namibia). The tribe Heliophileae includes some 104 species basal polytomy involving three clades, all sister to Chamira (compilation by I. A. Al-Shehbaz) concentrated chiefly in the (Mandáková et al., 2012). The latter authors showed that two winter-rainfall region of the southwestern South Africa, home ITS clades are dominated by two chromosome numbers (2n = 20 to two global biodiversity hotspots – Cape Floristic Region and and 2n = 22), whereas the third clade mainly contained shrubby Succulent Karoo. Heliophila ranks among the largest crucifer species with chromosome numbers known only for two species genera, such as Alyssum, Boechera, Cardamine, Draba, Erysimum, at that time. Chromosome numbers in 27 analyzed Heliophila Lepidium, and Physaria (Al-Shehbaz, 2012). The genus is often species ranged from 2n = 16 to 2n = c. 88, presumably due regarded as morphologically the most diverse Brassicaceae to polyploidy and dysploidal chromosomal rearrangements. lineage (Mummenhoff et al., 2005). Heliophila varies from Interestingly, comparative chromosome painting analyses, small ephemeral annual to perennial herbs (incl. one lianella), revealing the duplicated nature of Heliophila genomes, suggested subshrubs, and tall shrubs (e.g., Heliophila brachycarpa). The the existence of an allohexaploid ancestor preceding the species vary particularly in foliage (entire to variously dissected); divergence of Heliophila lineages (Mandáková et al., 2012). petal length (1.2–30 mm) and color (white, pink, mauve, purple, This was supported by an analysis of synonymous substitution blue, or yellow); number and presence vs. absence of petal and rates (Ks) of paralogous and orthologous genes in Heliophila cf. stamen appendages; presence vs. absence of paired glands at the longifolia (Mandáková et al., 2017). bases of pedicels and/or leaves; ovule number (1–80); fruit length The high species diversity (>100 species) and extraordinary (2–120 mm long), shape (linear, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, elliptic, ecomorphological variability of Heliophila impacted by ancient orbicular), constriction (moniliform or not), type (silique, and more recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events and silicle, samara, schizocarp), and flattening (terete, quadrangular, following post-polyploid diploidization (PPD), confined to one latiseptate, angustiseptate); gynophore length (obsolete to 12 mm of the most remarkable biodiversity hotspots, make the genus an long); style length (0.3–20 mm long) and shape (linear, intricate but attractive phylogenomic model. In this study, based filiform, conical, clavate, ovoid, globose); seed length (0.6–9 mm on the previous results and by including a broader spectrum long), shape, and development of wing; and cotyledonary type of species, we aim at providing new insight to the WGD– (diplecolobal, spirolobal) (Marais,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
    Plant Propagation Protocol for Carex inops ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production TAXONOMY Family Names Family Scientific Name: Cyperaceae Family Common Name: Sedge Scientific Names Genus: Carex Species: inops Species Authority: L. H. Bailey Variety: Sub-species: Cultivar: Authority for Variety/Sub-species: Common Synonym(s) (include full CAINI3 Carex inops L.H. Bailey ssp inops scientific names (e.g., Elymus CAINH2 Carex inops ssp heliophila (Mack.) Crins glaucus Buckley), including variety Synonyms for ssp heliophila or subspecies information) CAER5 Carex erxlebeniana L. Kelso CAHE5 Carex heliophila Mack. CAPEH Carex pensylvanica Lam. ssp. Heliophila (Mack.) W.A. Weber CAPED Carex pensylvanica Lam. var. digyna Boeckeler Common Name(s): long-stolon sedge or sun sedge (ssp heliophila) Species Code (as per USDA Plants CAIN9 database): GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range (distribution maps for North America and Washington state) http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAIN9 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAIN9 Ecological distribution (ecosystems it Found in shortgrass, mixed, and tallgrass prairies, as occurs in, etc): well as Ponderosa pine communities and other woodlands (Fryer 2009) Climate and elevation range Dry to seasonally wet climates. Occasionally found at elevations > 5000 ft.(Fryer 2009) Local habitat and abundance; may May dominate to co-dominate in some systems. High include commonly associated prevelance and persistance even in systems where it is species not the dominant species. (Fryer 2009) Plant strategy
    [Show full text]
  • Taxa Named in Honor of Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz
    TAXA NAMED IN HONOR OF IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1. Tribe Shehbazieae D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 22. 2014. 2. Shehbazia D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 20. 2014. 3. Shehbazia tibetica (Maxim.) D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 20. 2014. 4. Astragalus shehbazii Zarre & Podlech, Feddes Repert. 116: 70. 2005. 5. Bornmuellerantha alshehbaziana Dönmez & Mutlu, Novon 20: 265. 2010. 6. Centaurea shahbazii Ranjbar & Negaresh, Edinb. J. Bot. 71: 1. 2014. 7. Draba alshehbazii Klimeš & D. A. German, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158: 750. 2008. 8. Ferula shehbaziana S. A. Ahmad, Harvard Pap. Bot. 18: 99. 2013. 9. Matthiola shehbazii Ranjbar & Karami, Nordic J. Bot. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00326.x, 10. Plocama alshehbazii F. O. Khass., D. Khamr., U. Khuzh. & Achilova, Stapfia 101: 25. 2014. 11. Alshehbazia Salariato & Zuloaga, Kew Bulletin …….. 2015 12. Alshehbzia hauthalii (Gilg & Muschl.) Salariato & Zuloaga 13. Ihsanalshehbazia Tahir Ali & Thines, Taxon 65: 93. 2016. 14. Ihsanalshehbazia granatensis (Boiss. & Reuter) Tahir Ali & Thines, Taxon 65. 93. 2016. 15. Aubrieta alshehbazii Dönmez, Uǧurlu & M.A.Koch, Phytotaxa 299. 104. 2017. 16. Silene shehbazii S.A.Ahmad, Novon 25: 131. 2017. PUBLICATIONS OF IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1973 1. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1973. The biosystematics of the genus Thelypodium (Cruciferae). Contrib. Gray Herb. 204: 3-148. 1977 2. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1977. Protogyny, Cruciferae. Syst. Bot. 2: 327-333. 3. A. R. Al-Mayah & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1977. Chromosome numbers for some Leguminosae from Iraq. Bot. Notiser 130: 437-440. 1978 4. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1978. Chromosome number reports, certain Cruciferae from Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • An Account of Common Broomrape Orobanche Minor (Orobanchaceae) in the British Isles
    British & Irish Botany 2(3): 223-239, 2020 An account of Common Broomrape Orobanche minor (Orobanchaceae) in the British Isles C.J. Thorogood1,2*, Fred Rumsey3 1University of Oxford Botanic Garden, Oxford, UK; 2Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 3Natural History Museum, London, UK. *Corresponding author: Chris Thorogood: [email protected] This pdf constitutes the Version of Record published on 31st August 2020 Abstract Common broomrape (Orobanche minor Sm.) is the most widespread and variable species in the British Isles and is the subject of much taxonomic confusion. Poor preservation in herbaria, coupled with the presence of cryptic host-specific races, have contributed to this. Here we review the taxonomic status of infraspecific taxa of O. minor in the British Isles, and provide a revised identification key, informed by morphology, ecology and molecular data. We describe two new varieties of O. minor s.l. that are ecologically distinct and discuss within the broader context of cryptic taxa in the subsection Minores (Beck-Mannagetta) Teryokhin in the British Isles and continental Europe. We suggest that delineating taxa objectively and reliably will be important for informing conservation priorities. Host identity and ecology, besides morphology, are essential considerations when identifying infraspecific taxa in this taxonomically challenging species. Keywords: Taxonomy; host race; parasitic plant Introduction Broomrapes (genus Orobanche L.) are renowned for being taxonomically challenging. Many of the characters useful for identification, for example stigma and corolla colour, are lost upon drying. Coupled with inadequate field notes, herbarium specimens are often determined incorrectly (Rumsey & Jury, 1991). Of the 14 species that occur in the British Isles, common broomrape (Orobanche minor Sm.) is the most widespread and variable (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Species of the Comanche National Grassland in United States Department Southeastern Colorado of Agriculture
    Vascular Plant Species of the Comanche National Grassland in United States Department Southeastern Colorado of Agriculture Forest Service Donald L. Hazlett Rocky Mountain Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-130 June 2004 Hazlett, Donald L. 2004. Vascular plant species of the Comanche National Grassland in southeast- ern Colorado. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-130. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 36 p. Abstract This checklist has 785 species and 801 taxa (for taxa, the varieties and subspecies are included in the count) in 90 plant families. The most common plant families are the grasses (Poaceae) and the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Of this total, 513 taxa are definitely known to occur on the Comanche National Grassland. The remaining 288 taxa occur in nearby areas of southeastern Colorado and may be discovered on the Comanche National Grassland. The Author Dr. Donald L. Hazlett has worked as an ecologist, botanist, ethnobotanist, and teacher in Latin America and in Colorado. He has specialized in the flora of the eastern plains since 1985. His many years in Latin America prompted him to include Spanish common names in this report, names that are seldom reported in floristic pub- lications. He is also compiling plant folklore stories for Great Plains plants. Since Don is a native of Otero county, this project was of special interest. All Photos by the Author Cover: Purgatoire Canyon, Comanche National Grassland You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to the Linnean Herbarium : with Indication of the Types of Species Marked by Carl Von Linné
    wm^mmm r'^ .M' 9'* ^T '.^^^H. *'-"•! .^.v^^-^^v wv^^U /<<^-^r'^ :««.r k-.''*a,-V» ;' California Academy of Sciences Library By action of the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University on June 14, 1974, this book has been placed on deposit with the California Academy of Sciences Library. EHHR ,;-**V Jt r V INDEX TO THE LINNEAN HERBARIUM, WITH INDICATION OF THE TYPES OF SPECIES MARKED BY CARL VON LINNE. BY BENJAMIN DAYDON JACKSON, Knight op the Royal Swedish Order of the Polar Star, Hon. Ph.D., & A.M., Upsal. ; General Secretary of the Linnean Society of London. Forming a Supplement to the Proceedings of the Society for the 124th Session, 1911-12. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, W., BY TAYLOR AND TRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1912 732377 CONTENTS. Page lutroduction 5 The Linnean Herbarium 7 Plan of Present Index 8 Earlier Enumerations, 1753-1767 8 List of Contributors to the Herbarium 9 Linne as a Collector 18 Signs used in the Herbarium 19 Numbers employed 20 Damage to Herbarium before 1783 21 Collateral Type-collections 21 Bibliography 22 Abbreviations and Signs used in Index 2o Index of specimens in the Linnean Herbarium .... 27 INTEODUCTION. In the autumn o£ 1906 a suggestion was made to the Council of the Linnean Society of London, that a Catalogue of the contents of the Linnean Herbarium, together with a series of photographic illustrations of selected types from it, would he an appropriate publication for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Carl von Linne.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Species of the Pawnee National Grassland
    ,*- -USDA United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plant Species of the Forest Service Rocky Mountain Pawnee National Grassland Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-17 September 1998 Donald L. Hazlett Abstract Hazlett, Donald L. 1998. Vascular plant species of the pawnee National Grassland. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-17. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 26 p. This report briefly describes the main vegetation types and lists the vascular plant species that are known to occur in and near the Pawnee National Grassland, Weld County, Colorado. A checklist includes the scientific and common names for 521 species. Of these, 115 plant species (22 percent) are not native to this region. The life forms, habitats, and geographic distribution of native and introduced plants are summarized and discussed. Keywords: grasslands, Colorado flora, Great Plains flora, plant lists The Author Dr. Donald L. Hazlett, a native of the eastern plains of Colorado, has lived and worked in the Pawnee National Grassland region since 1983. Before 1983 Don spent 12 years working in Honduras and Costa Rica. He has worked for Colorado State University as site manager for the Central Plains Experimental Range, as a visiting professor in the biology department, and as a plant taxonomist for the Center for Ecological Management of Military Lands. Since 1995 Don has been a research contractor for ecological and floristic studies in the western United States. He prefers ethnobotanical studies. Publisher Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins, Colorado September 1998 You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media.
    [Show full text]
  • Cabbage Family Affairs: the Evolutionary History of Brassicaceae
    Review Cabbage family affairs: the evolutionary history of Brassicaceae Andreas Franzke1, Martin A. Lysak2, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz3, Marcus A. Koch4 and Klaus Mummenhoff5 1 Heidelberg Botanic Garden, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany 2 Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, and CEITEC, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA 4 Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany 5 Biology Department, Botany, Osnabru¨ ck University, D-49069 Osnabru¨ ck, Germany Life without the mustard family (Brassicaceae) would Glossary be a world without many crop species and the model Adh: alcohol dehydrogenase gene (nuclear genome). organism Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that has Calibration: converting genetic distances to absolute times by means of fossils revolutionized our knowledge in almost every field of or nucleotide substitution rates. modern plant biology. Despite this importance, research Chs: chalcone synthase gene (nuclear genome). Clade: group of organisms (species, genera, etc.) derived from a common breakthroughs in understanding family-wide evolution- ancestor. ary patterns and processes within this flowering plant Core Brassicaceae: all recent lineages except tribe Aethionemeae. family were not achieved until the past few years. In this Crown group age: age of the clade that includes all recent taxa of a group. Evo–devo (evolutionary developmental biology): compares underlying devel- review, we examine recent outcomes from diverse bo- opmental processes of characters in different organisms to investigate the links tanical disciplines (taxonomy, systematics, genomics, between evolution and development. paleobotany and other fields) to synthesize for the first Gamosepaly: fusion of sepals.
    [Show full text]
  • Drought Frequency Predicts Life History Strategies in Heliophila
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/493270; this version posted December 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Running head: DROUGHT AND LIFE HISTORY 1 1 Drought frequency predicts life history strategies in Heliophila 1,2 3 4 2 2 J. Grey Monroe , Brian Gill , Kathryn G. Turner , & John K. McKay 1 3 Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, 4 USA 2 5 College of Agriculture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA 3 6 Institute for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA 4 7 Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA 8 Author Note 9 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to J. Grey Monroe, 307 10 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521. E-mail: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/493270; this version posted December 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. DROUGHT AND LIFE HISTORY 2 11 Abstract 12 Explaining variation in life history strategies is a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology. 13 For plants, annual and perennial life histories are thought to reflect adaptation to 14 environments that differ in the frequency of stress events such as drought.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandakova TPC2010, Suppl Mat.Pdf
    Supplemental Data. Mandáková et al. (2010). Plant Cell 10.1105/tpc.110.074526 Supplemental Figure 1. A Three-Way Comparison of the Relative Position of Corresponding Synteny Blocks of Stenopetalum nutans (SN), S. lineare (SL) and Ballantinia antipoda (BA) Relative to the Reference Ancestral Crucifer Karyotype (ACK). In the main panel of the image, each of the three modern karyotypes is presented in a radial layout. Within each of the three karyotypes, ideograms are ordered and oriented in the outward direction (corresponding to the same counter-clockwise scale progression of Figure 3). Each line connects a pair of genomic positions on two different modern genomes that are syntenically related to the same genomic block in the ACK. For example, the light-blue line at the top of the figure between SL and SN corresponds to synteny with the genomic block U2 on AK7. Each of the eight small panels shows synteny relationships between the three modern genomes for a specific ancestral chromosome (AK1-8). Supplemental Data. Mandáková et al. (2010). Plant Cell 10.1105/tpc.110.074526 Supplemental Figure 2. The Unique Rearrangement of the AK8(#1)-like Homoeologue Shared by All Analyzed Species. This rearrangement was mediated by two subsequent paracentric inversions involving two thirds of genomic block W1 and a major part of X1. In S. lineare, block V1 underwent a secondary translocation to another chromosome. The rearrangement not shown for Arabidella eremigena and Blennodia canescens. Supplemental Data. Mandáková et al. (2010). Plant Cell 10.1105/tpc.110.074526 Supplemental Figure 3. Phylogeny of the Malate Synthase (MS) (TrN + Γ + I) Showing the Position of Sequences from the Australian Species (in Bold) in the Context of Other Brassicaceae Taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Drought Regimens Predict Life History Strategies in Heliophila
    Research Drought regimens predict life history strategies in Heliophila J. Grey Monroe1,2 , Brian Gill3 , Kathryn G. Turner4 and John K. McKay2 1Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; 2College of Agriculture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; 3Institute for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 4Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA Max Plank Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen,€ Germany; Max Plank Institute for Developmental Biology, Tubingen€ 72076, Germany Summary Author for correspondence: Explaining variation in life history strategies is an enduring goal of evolutionary biology and J. Grey Monroe ecology. Early theory predicted that for plants, annual and perennial life histories reflect adap- Tel: +1 919 810 8800 tations to environments that experience alternative drought regimens. Nevertheless, empirical Email: [email protected] support for this hypothesis from comparative analyses remains lacking. Received: 1 April 2019 Here, we test classic life history theory in Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae), a diverse genus of Accepted: 1 May 2019 flowering plants native to Africa, controlling for phylogeny and integrating 34 yr of satellite- based drought detection with 2192 herbaria occurrence records. New Phytologist (2019) 223: 2054–2062 We find that the common ancestor of these species was likely to be an annual, and that doi: 10.1111/nph.15919 perenniality and annuality have repeatedly evolved, an estimated seven and five times, respectively. By comparing historical drought regimens, we show that annuals rather than Key words: drought adaptation, Heliophila, perennial species occur in environments where droughts are significantly more frequent.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region
    Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region (VERSION 3) NEIL SNOW Herbarium Pacificum Bernice P. Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, HI 96817 [email protected] Suggested citation: Snow, N. 2009. Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region (Version 3). 316 pp. Retrievable from the Colorado Native Plant Society (http://www.conps.org/plant_lists.html). The author retains the rights irrespective of its electronic posting. Please circulate freely. 1 Snow, N. January 2009. Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region. (Version 3). Dedication To all who work on behalf of the conservation of species and ecosystems. Abbreviated Table of Contents Fern Allies and Ferns.........................................................................................................12 Gymnopserms ....................................................................................................................19 Angiosperms ......................................................................................................................21 Amaranthaceae ............................................................................................................23 Apiaceae ......................................................................................................................31 Asteraceae....................................................................................................................38 Boraginaceae ...............................................................................................................98
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List
    Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List (Sorted by Scientific Name) Based on the Ontario Plant List (Newmaster et al. 1998) David J. Bradley Southern Science & Information Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Peterborough, Ontario Revised Edition, 2007 Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List This species checklist has been compiled in order to assist field biologists who are sampling vegetative plots in Southern Ontario. It is not intended to be a complete species list for the region. The intended range for this vascular plant list is Ecoregions (Site Regions) 5E, 6E and 7E. i Nomenclature The nomenclature used for this listing of 2,532 plant species, subspecies and varieties, is in accordance with the Ontario Plant List (OPL), 1998 [see Further Reading for full citation]. This is the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resource’s publication which has been selected as the corporate standard for plant nomenclature. There have been many nomenclatural innovations in the past several years since the publication of the Ontario Plant List that are not reflected in this listing. However, the OPL has a listing of many of the synonyms that have been used recently in the botanical literature. For a more up to date listing of scientific plant names visit either of the following web sites: Flora of North America - http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 NatureServe - http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species People who are familiar with the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) plant species list for Ontario, will notice some changes in the nomenclature. For example, most of the Aster species have now been put into the genus Symphyotrichum, with a few into the genus Eurybia.
    [Show full text]