L'invasion Du Poisson-Lion: Guide De Contrôle Et De Gestion

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L'invasion Du Poisson-Lion: Guide De Contrôle Et De Gestion L'Invasion du poisson-lion: Guide de contrôle et de gestion Publié par James A. Morris, Jr. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce Reef Environmental and Educational Foundation International Coral Reef Initiative Caribbean Environment Programme United Nations Environment Programme Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife - Regional Activity Center Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute National Fish and Wildlife Foundation L'Invasion du poisson-lion : Guide de contrôle et de gestion Editeur James A. Morris Jr. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Format & Graphiques LeRoy Creswell Florida Sea Grant Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Inc. Consultante de Publication Ann Boese Laughing Gull, Inc. Savannah, Géorgie, États-Unis Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Série de Publication Spéciale, Numéro 1 Marathon, Floride, États-Unis Cette publication est disponible auprès de : Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Inc. 2796 Overseas Highway, Suite 119 Marathon, Florida 33050 USA http://www.gcfi.org ou NOAA Central Library http://www2.coastalscience.noaa.gov/publications/ Formats de citation recommandés: Pour l'ouvrage entier Morris, J.A., Jr. (Ed.). 2013. L'Invasion du poisson-lion : guide de contrôle et de gestion. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Special Publication Series Number 3, Marathon, Florida, USA. 113 pp. Pour des chapitres au sein de l'ouvrage Akins, J.L. 2013. Éducation et sensibilisation : Etablir soutien et expertise. Pages 15- 23 in: J.A. Morris Jr. (ed.) L'Invasion du poisson-lion : guide de contrôle et de gestion. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Special Publication Series Number 3, Marathon, Florida, USA. 113 pp. © 2013 by the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Inc. Tous droits réservés. Publié en 2012 ISBN: 978-0-615-76902-8 Bibliothèque du Congrès des Etats-Unis, Catalogue Numéro 2013957179 La reproduction de cette publication à des fins non commerciales, notamment éducatives, est permise sans autorisa- tion écrite préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur à condition que la source soit dûment citée. La reproduction de cette publication, tout ou partie, à des fins commerciales, notamment de revente, est interdite. Les conseils et straté- gies contenues ici ne conviennent pas forcément à toutes les situations. Si une assistance professionnelle est néces- saire, les services d'un professionnel compétent devront être sollicités. L'éditeur et l'auteur déclinent toute responsa- bilité pour tous dommages occasionnés par ce contenu. Le fait qu'une organisation ou un site internet soit référencé dans cet ouvrage en citation et/ou comme source potentielle pour d'autres informations ne signifie pas que l'auteur ou l'éditeur approuve les informations fournies par l'organisation ou le site ou les recommandations qu'elle/il puisse faire. Par ailleurs, il est possible que les sites internet mentionnés dans cet ouvrage aient changé ou disparu depuis sa rédaction. TABLE DES MATIÈRES Auteurs i Contributeurs ii Avant-propos Initiative internationale pour les récifs coralliens iii PNUE – Programme pour l’environnement des Caraïbes iv Préface v Remerciements vi Acronymes et traductions vii Chapitre 1 L'Invasion du poisson-lion : passé, présent et futur 1 James A. Morris, Jr. Une invasion rapide et étendue 1 Une espece generaliste 1 Des conséquences en cascade 2 Une intervention locale est primordiale 2 Chapitre 2 Recherche sur le poisson-lion: Données actuelles et questions ouvertes 3 James A. Morris, Jr. y Stephanie J. Green Les résultats de recherche à ce jour 4 Questions ouvertes 13 Ressources pour la recherche 15 Chapitre 3 Education et sensibilisation : Établir soutien et expertise 17 J. Lad Akins Le plus tôt sera le mieux 17 Education et la sensibilisation pour soutenir les plans de contrôle 18 Elaborer des stratégies de communication 19 Les difficultés 22 Mesurer le succès 26 Chapitre 4 Stratégies de contrôle : Outils et techniques de contrôle local 27 J. Lad Akins Efficacité des prélèvements 27 Collecte et manipulation 32 Formation 51 Motivations pour les prélèvements 53 Chapitre 5 Le suivi : Une action essentielle 58 Stephanie J. Green Suivi des populations locales de poisson-lion 59 Évaluer l'impact écologique 66 Suivi des organismes par dissection 77 Évaluer l'impact socio-économique : Pêche, tourisme et santé humaine 78 Chapitre 6 Réglementations et législations pour le contrôle du poisson-lion 82 Dayne St. A. Buddo Instruments de réglementation et de législation 82 Législation, règles et plans 86 Chapitre 7 Ressources, partenariats et financement durable 90 Ricardo Gómez Lozano Ressources humaines 90 Ressources financières 93 Annexes 96 Bibliographie 122 AUTEURS James A. Morris, Jr. (Editeur) Ecologue National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science National Ocean Service, NOAA Beaufort, Caroline du Nord, Etats-Unis [email protected] J. Lad Akins Directeur de Projets Spéciaux Reef Environmental Education Foundation Key Largo, Floride, Etats-Unis [email protected] Dayne St. A. Buddo Ecologiste Marin, Lecteur et Coordinateur Académique Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory University of the West Indies, Jamaïque [email protected] Stephanie J. Green Simon Fraser University Burnaby, Colombie-Britannique, Canada [email protected] Ricardo Gómez Lozano Directeur, Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas de México Cozumel, Mexique [email protected] i CONTRIBUTEURS Les stratégies et techniques décrites dans ce document ont été développées pendant l’atelier régional caribéen sur le poisson-lion à Cancún, édition 2010 de l’Initiative internationale pour les récifs coralliens (ICRI- International Coral Reef Initiative), avec des participants des organisations suivantes : Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, México University of the West Indies, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Jamaica Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Puerto Rico, United States U.S. Department of State U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Areas, Belize Department of Marine Resources, Bahamas Department of Environment, Cayman Islands Bermuda Aquarium, Museum, and Zoo CSI-ICRI Coral Reef Enforcement and Investigation Environment State Service, Martinique, French West Indies Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife–Regional Activity Center The Nature Conservancy National Environment Centre, Turks and Caicos CORALINA, Columbia Centre for Agricultural Biosciences International Acuariología, Acuario Nacional, Cuba Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico Nature Foundation, St. Maarten, The Netherlands Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad La Salle, Venezuela Bonaire National Marine Park, Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands Reef Check Dominican Republic Reef Environmental Education Foundation International Coral Reef Initiative Seatone Consultants ii AVANT-PROPOS Par l’initiative internationale pour les récifs coralliens La prolifération du poisson-lion dans les Caraïbes ces dix dernières années constitue une menace réelle et grandissante pour l'écologie des aires marines tropicales et sub-tropicales de cette partie du monde. Pour aborder ce problème, il est primordial de collaborer aux niveaux local, national et régional. Le collectif informel de l’initiative internationale pour les récifs coralliens (International Coral Reef Initiative -ICRI) constitue un point de départ idéal pour instaurer un mécanisme de coopération autour du problème du poisson-lion. L'organisation d'un atelier sur le poisson- lion dans la région caraïbe en 2010, avec des acteurs majeurs de la région, et l'établisse- ment d'un comité ad hoc sur la réponse caribéenne à l’invasion du poisson-lion la même année, aujourd'hui appelé le Comité régional poisson-lion ou RLC (Regional Lionfish Committee), sont la preuve du soutien de l'ICRI dans la prise en compte des problèmes liés au du poisson-lion. « L'invasion du poisson-lion : guide de contrôle et de gestion » constitue une étape impor- tante dans un projet urgent et difficile à traiter. L’ICRI est ravie d'y participer et entend continuer à soutenir les actions importantes, comme la publication de ce guide. Margaret Johnson Beverly Wade Coprésidente, Secrétariat de l’ ICRI Great Coprésidente, Secrétariat de l’ICRI, Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Belize Fisheries Department Belize Australie L’Initiative internationale pour les récifs coralliens (International Coral Reef Initiative = ICRI) constitue un partenariat informel de gouvernements et d’organisations aux buts similaires, visant à aider les pays et régions à établir et maintenir une gestion efficace et une utilisation durable des récifs coralliens et de leurs écosystèmes. Bien que l’ICRI soutienne les actions du Regional Lionfish Committee, notamment la publication de ce manuel, l’ICRI se dégage de toute responsabilité quant au contenu et à la pertinence des informations qui y sont fournies. La mention dans ce document de quelque action que ce soit ne signifie en rien que l’ICRI endosse ladite stratégie. iii Par le PNUE – Programme pour l’Environnement des Caraïbes La Convention pour la Protection et le Développement de l'Environnement Marin dans la Région de la Grande Caraïbe (Convention de Carthagène) est le seul traité environnemental régional juridiquement contraignant pour la région, et avec ses protocoles, il constitue un engagement légal par ces pays à protéger et gérer leurs ressources côtières et marines communes individuellement, conjointement et de façon durable. L'un des trois
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