Cichlid Fishes from the La Plata Basin. Part IV
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Zoologica Scripta, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 307-313,1982 0300-3256182104030747$03. 0010 Printed in Great Britain Pergamon Press Ltd. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Cichlid Fishes from the La Plata Basin. Part IV. Review of the Apistogramma Species, with Description of a New Species (Teleostei, Cichlidae) WEN 0. KULLANDER Section of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Received 28 September 1981 Kullander, S. 0.1982. Cichlid fishes from the La Plata basin. Part IV. Review of the Apistogramma species, with description of a new species (Teleostei, Cichlidae).-Zool. Scr. 11: 307-313. Apistogramma inconspicua sp.n. is described from the Rio Candclaria in the Rio GuaporC drainage in Bolivia, and recorded also from Caceres on the Rio Paraguay in Brazil. The new species is closely related to the Paraguayan species A. commbrae (Regan) and an undescribed species in the GuaporC drainage system. These species share a specialized feature in the colour pattern, viz. an expanded vertical bar on the caudal peduncle which it confluent with the caudal spot. The now presumably complete record of Paraguayan Apistogramma species allows an analytical key to be given. Of the additional species, A. borellii (Regan) and A. rrifasciata (Eigenmann & Kennedy) represent two distinct lineages. Apistogramma pleurotaenia (Regan) is probably a La Plata basin species, although no localities are known, and its relationship remain obscure. The assemblage of Paraguayan Apistogramma species reflects the heterogeneity of the Paraguayan cichlid fauna as a whole. Sven 0. Kullander, Section of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. Introduction This paper features a review, chiefly of the distribution and diagnostic characters, of the Paraguayan Apisto- gramma species. Special attention is called to a species already announced (Kullander 1980a, 1982a), but not yet described. It is of particular interest because of being both parapatric with and obviously closely related to the Paraguayan A. commbrae (Regan), and found in both the GuaporC and Paraguay river systems. The methods employed have been described in Kullander (1980a,b). Museum acronyms used are: AMNH (American Museum of Natural History, New York), ANSP (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia), BMNH (British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London), FMNH (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago), IRSNB (Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles), MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sio Paulo, SCo Paulo), NRM (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm), ZFMK (Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn), and ZMB (Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, DDR). Apistogramma inconspicua sp.n. (Figs. 1-2) Heterogramma corumbae Eigenmann & Ward; (part.) Haseman 1911, p. 359 (Sio Luiz de Caceres, Rio Paraguay, CM 2752,2755, now FMNH 54178). Heterogramma taeniatum (Gunther); (part.) Haseman 1911, p. 358 (SBo Luiz de Caceres, Rio Paraguay, CM 2737, now FMNH 54168; brief description). Aprsrogramma sp.; Kullander 1980a, pp. 20, 26, 49 (listed; undescribcd species of the commbrae group from Caceres, based on FMNH 54168,54178).-Kullander 1982a, pp. 36,43,45 (compared with A. commbrae). Material. IRSNB 637, holotype 13, 29.7 mm. IRSNB 638 + NRM A82/3405, 6,28.5 mm and 2P P, 23.5 and 24.4 mm. All from Bolivia, depto. Santa Cruz, R. Paraguay system, small pool of the R. Candelaria, Figs. 1-2.--1. Holotype of Apisfogramma inconspicua, a male, 29.7 mm above bridge on road Carmen-Santa Rosa (16"OO'S 61"40'W). 29 SL.-2. A female paratype of Apistogramma inconspicua, IRSNB 638, October 1977. Leg. J.-P. Gosse (sta. 24). 24.4mm SL. 307 Zoologica Scripta 11 308 S. 0. Kullander Additional material. Notes, taken in 1975, on three more specimens, from Caceres, indicate that these belong to A. inconspicua. The largest specimen, a male, 37.4 mm SL, differs somewhat from the type-material of A. inconspicua in having the lateral band extended to the tail spot. The soft dorsal and anal fins are produced, reaching backwards to about the end of the caudal fin. Two of the FMNH specimens have canals in the lower lateral line (two to four); all have 15 dorsal spines. (FMNH 54168. d,37.4 mm. Brasil, Est. Mato Grosso, R. Paraguaysystem, Caceres, 27 May 1909. Leg. J. D. Haseman. FMNH 54178. 8,28.2mm, P,24.9 mm. Same locality and leg. as preceding. Dates 24 and 27 May 1909.) Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin adjective meaning incon- spicuous. It is suggested by the near-absence of abdominal stripes, a feature distinguishing this species from A. commbrae, in which the abdominal stripes are very prominent. Fig. 3. Profiles of heads of a male (left, holotype) and a female (right, IRSNB 638,24.4 mm SL), to illustrate sex dimorphism in Apistogrumma Diagnosis. A species of the regani group, similar to A. inconspicua. Scale 1 mm. commbrae and to an undescribed species in the Bolivian Amazonas drainage, especially in having a dark tail spot to first anal soft ray in holotype, slightly shorter in the which includes the last vertical bar on the body and the smaller male, in females short, reaching to anal fin origin. caudal spot. The lateral band ends in the sixth vertical bar Caudal fin rounded in both sexes. rather than in the tail spot. Abdominal stripes appear as Teeth 17-21118-23 on one side in outer series of traces or are absent, rather than as conspicuous spots upper1lower jaw; about two short inner series, one in along the absominal sides or short vertical stripes below upper jaw continued a short distance along lateral margin the anterior part of the lateral band. All specimens of jaw. Lower pharyngeal tooth-plate examined in one examined have 15 rather than 16 dorsal spines. The specimen; anterior teeth simple, nearly conical, small, posteromedial teeth on the lower pharyngeal tooth-plate increasing in size posteriorly, base becoming elongate, bear two small projections on the rostral edge. with strong posterior cusp, except near middle in posterior series where the teeth have two very small projections on Description. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate general shape and the rostral edge, and towards edges where the teeth retain colour pattern; morphometric data are summarized in the narrow base, but develop a strong posterior cusp and Table I. The following data are chiefly from the holotype; an inconspicuous anterior elevation. Eight (3) or 10 (1) counts are from all specimens, and frequency is given in rakers on edge of lower pharyngeal tooth-plate. Verte- parenthesis. brae, including the urostylar element, 12 + 12 (4); one The body shape is similar to that of A. commbrae, supraneural. except that males are slightly deeper in appearance. Males with slightly more elevated head and slightly Coloration (alcohol). Ground colour brownish yellow, extended snout compared to females (Fig. 3). Ascending paler ventrally, increasingly brownish dorsally. Markings processes of premaxilla reaching about middle of orbit; dark brown; head stripes, lateral band, and tail spot most angle c. 48". Tip of maxilla exposed, reaching behind prominent. Gill-cover, snout, lips and forehead greyish. anterior margin of orbit; angle 55". Scales in lateral series Cheek brownish yellow. Dark spot on chin adjacent to (squ. long.) 22 (4), squ. caud. 3 (1) or 4 (1). Chest fully lower lip. Suborbital stripe about same width as pupil, scaled, except a naked area opposite tip of cleithrum in straight, to junction of sub- and interopercula. Supra- females; preventral and predorsal scale counts identical, orbital stripe not evident in general brownish colour of 10 (2) or 11 (1). Cheek fully scaled except for rostroventral nape. Moderately wide postorbital stripe, narrower than corner, scales in 2 (females) or 3 (males) series, cycloid pupil. Vertical bars diffuse above lateral band, indicated except dorsocaudally. All other head scales cycloid, by diffuse spots along dorsal fin base; slightly more except dorsal opercular scales; no satisfactory count of evident below lateral band. Lateral band about one scale opercular scales possible, but apparently two oblique wide, extending to just before Bar 6; not spotted, but series; subopercular scales 3 (1) or 4 (l), in one series; slightly intensified where crossing Bar 3. Bar 7, except interopercular scales 2 (1) or 3 (3). Lateral lines with 8-9 dorsal- and ventralmost portions much intensified, con- canal-bearing scales, total 13-15 scales in upper, 24 tinuous with squarish caudal spot which is margined subserial pores; only pore-bearing scales (6-7) in lower above and below by a whitish dot with narrow brownish line, which are continued on caudal fin (a pore, in two anterior and posterior edges. Dorsal pectoral spot dis- cases) or not (in one case). Proximal one-fourth of caudal tinct. Blackish close to ventral spine base laterally. fin scaled, outer scales cycloid. Abdominal stripes only as traces, one from upper, another D. XV.6 (2), XV.6.i (l), XV.7 (holotype). A. 111.6 (4). from lower edge of pectoral axilla, vanishing above anal P. 11 (2), 12 (2). Dorsal fin spines subequal from the sixth; fin origin (a third from below pectoral axilla to above anal lappets short, pointed in males, truncate in females; soft fin base distinguishable in two paratypes). Midventral fin pointed, third ray longest, reaching to about middle of stripe from vent or genital papilla faint and short in males, caudal fin in holotype; in females soft dorsal fin rounded, strong (blackish) and reaching further forwards, but not reaching to one-fourth of caudal fin. Soft anal fin similar to to ventral fin bases, in females (Fig. 4). A weak brownish soft dorsal fin; little beyond middle of caudal fin in spot on chest near ventral fin base in one female (Fig. 4). holotype. Pectoral fin asymmetrical, with rounded tip, Fins smoky.